Journal articles on the topic 'Allocation of organs, tissues, etc'
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1
Wegener, Frederik, Wolfram Beyschlag, and Christiane Werner. "Dynamic carbon allocation into source and sink tissues determine within-plant differences in carbon isotope ratios." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 7 (2015): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14152.
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Organs of C3 plants differ in their C isotopic signature (δ13C). In general, leaves are 13C-depleted relative to other organs. To investigate the development of spatial δ13C patterns, we induced different C allocation strategies by reducing light and nutrient availability for 12 months in the Mediterranean shrub Halimium halimifolium L. We measured morphological and physiological traits and the spatial δ13C variation among seven tissue classes during the experiment. A reduction of light (Low-L treatment) increased aboveground C allocation, plant height and specific leaf area. Reduced nutrient availability (Low-N treatment) enhanced C allocation into fine roots and reduced the spatial δ13C variation. In contrast, control and Low-L plants with high C allocation in new leaves showed a high δ13C variation within the plant (up to 2.5‰). The spatial δ13C variation was significantly correlated with the proportion of second-generation leaves from whole-plant biomass (R2 = 0.46). According to our results, isotope fractionation in dark respiration can influence the C isotope composition of plant tissues but cannot explain the entire spatial pattern seen. Our study indicates a foliar depletion in 13C during leaf development combined with export of relatively 13C-enriched C by mature source leaves as an important reason for the observed spatial δ13C pattern.
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Voronina, T. A. "Antioxidants/antihypoxants: the missing puzzle piece in effective pathogenetic therapy for COVID-19." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 2 (2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-2-97-102.
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This review focuses on the specific characteristics of COVID-19 disease, which leads not only to respiratory impairments (bronchoalveolar epithelium does not retain oxygen, etc.), but also decreases the level of hemoglobin and its ability to transfer oxygen to the organs and tissues and increases the level of heme, resulting in anoxemia, hypoxia in all organs and tissues, and oxidative stress. Mexidol, a drug developed in Russia, is widely used in clinical practice, including the treatment of diseases accompanied by ischemia and hypoxia. Mexidol has antihypoxic and antioxidant effects, can treat mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, thereby affecting the key processes in different cells of organs and tissues that develop due to hypoxia. Mexidol can be useful in the comprehensive therapy of patients with COVID-19. Key words: COVID-19, antioxidant, antihypoxant, hemoglobin, hypoxia, Mexidol, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress
3
Aydın qızı Abbasova, Yeganə, Gülnarə Salam qızı Məmmədova, İradə Arif qızı Məmmədxanova, Xırdaxanım Akif qızı Hacıyeva, Əhməd Aydın oğlu Nəsibov, and Mədinə Yunus qızı İsmayılova. "Clinical manifestation of corona in skin." SCIENTIFIC WORK 67, no. 06 (June 21, 2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/67/30-33.
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According to the WHO, COVID-19 infection initially infects organs and tissues of the respiratory system and mainly manifests itself in the following symptoms - dry cough, fever, runny nose and seizures, loss of sense of smell and taste weakness, chest pain cramps, pneumonia, etc. However, as the area of the coronavirus expands and the rate of spread increases, signs of this dangerous infection can be found not only in the respiratory system but also in other organs, including the skin. angioedema, marble skin, skin rashes and pus, spots reminiscent of frostbite, etc. Key words: COVİD-19 infection,skin manifestation, frostbite spots, respiratory system
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Sharafislamov, F. Sh. "Closing the defect of the inferior vena cava above the renal veins by moving the lower part of it." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 1 (October 17, 2021): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj83043.
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Resection of a part of the middle part of the inferior vena cava, located between the renal and hepatic veins, has to be performed when tumors from nearby organs and tissues grow into it. So, for example, kidney tumors in 13-15% of cases grow into the wall of the inferior vena cava (SP Fedorov, Israel, etc.).
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Santiagu, John, Devadoss Delinta, Asirvatham Ajila, Annamalai Selvam, Senthamarai Muthukumaran, and Susai Rajendran. "Electrochemical behavior of various implantation biomaterials in the presence of various simulated body fluids: An overview." Zastita materijala 62, no. 3 (2021): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2103213m.
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In Modern medicine, metals and alloys are being used as implants. The Corrosion behaviour of various biomaterials under artificial body fluids are being studied. Artificial biomaterials are being implanted inside the human body to replace bone, teeth, etc. Even organs are being medically substituted with different types of metals such as mild steel, carbon steel, Ni-Cr alloy, Fe-Cr alloy, 22 carat Gold,24 carat Gold Tin, etc. due to their biocompatibility. This is achieved by connecting these metals directly with body tissues. The metals tend to corrode when it gets in contact with human body fluids. The body fluids thereby come in direct contact with tissues and the tissues are in contact with the metal thus causing the metal to corrode. And hence the corrosion resistance studies such as polarisation, AC impedance, cyclic voltammetric studies, etc, are being conducted in a medium like artificial blood plasma, artificial urine, artificial salvia, artificial sweat, Hank solution, Ringer solution, etc. The different body fluids are examined in the presence of different implantation metals by electrochemical methods and protective films are formed which are analyzed by various surface analysis techniques such as AFM, FTIR-UV, SEM, etc. The research findings will thereby be very helpful to the medical field.
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Vuerich, Marco, Riccardo Braidotti, Paolo Sivilotti, Giorgio Alberti, Valentino Casolo, Enrico Braidot, Francesco Boscutti, Alberto Calderan, and Elisa Petrussa. "Response of Merlot Grapevine to Drought Is Associated to Adjustments of Growth and Nonstructural Carbohydrates Allocation in above and Underground Organs." Water 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172336.
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Studying changes in partitioning of dry matter and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) content in both aboveground and underground perennial tissues in drought-affected grapevines could provide insights into plant response and carbon allocation strategies during stress periods. The analysis of soluble NSC and starch content in leaf petioles, due to their role in hydraulic segmentation, should also be considered. In the present research, these aspects have been investigated in Merlot grapevines grown in pots and subjected to progressive and increasing soil dehydration, and in well-irrigated vines. Drought conditions caused drastic reduction of shoot elongation and total plant leaf area development in favor of a greater biomass allocation and partitioning towards roots, where most of the NSC reserves were also conserved. Dry matter content of the perennial organs increased in stressed vines due to growth reduction, allocation of carbon reserves and possible anatomical modifications. Vines subjected to drought showed a higher NSC content in petioles, supporting the hypothesis that they are involved as compatible solutes in osmotic adjustments.
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Bezhenar, Roman, Kyeong Ok Kim, Vladimir Maderich, Govert de With, and Kyung Tae Jung. "Multi-compartment kinetic–allometric (MCKA) model of radionuclide bioaccumulation in marine fish." Biogeosciences 18, no. 8 (April 25, 2021): 2591–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2591-2021.
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Abstract. A model of the radionuclide accumulation in fish taking into account the contribution of different tissues and allometry is presented. The basic model assumptions are as follows. (i) A fish organism is represented by several compartments in which radionuclides are homogeneously distributed. (ii) The compartments correspond to three groups of organs or tissues: muscle, bones and organs (kidney, liver, gonads, etc.) differing in metabolic function. (iii) Two input compartments include gills absorbing contamination from water and digestive tract through which contaminated food is absorbed. (iv) The absorbed radionuclide is redistributed between organs or tissues according to their metabolic functions. (v) The elimination of assimilated elements from each group of organs or tissues differs, reflecting differences in specific tissues or organs in which elements were accumulated. (vi) The food and water uptake rates, elimination rate, and growth rate depend on the metabolic rate, which is scaled by fish mass to the 3/4 power. The analytical solutions of the system of model equations describing dynamics of the assimilation and elimination of 134Cs, 57Co, 60Co, 54Mn and 65Zn, which are preferably accumulated in different tissues, exhibited good agreement with the laboratory experiments. The developed multi-compartment kinetic–allometric model was embedded into the box model POSEIDON-R (Maderich et al., 2018b), which describes transport of radionuclides in water, accumulation in the sediment and transfer of radionuclides through the pelagic and benthic food webs. The POSEIDON-R model was applied for the simulation of the transport and fate of 60Co and 54Mn routinely released from Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) located on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden and for calculation of 90Sr concentration in fish after the accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP. Computed concentrations of radionuclides in fish agree with the measurements much better than calculated using standard whole-body model and target tissue model. The model with the defined generic parameters could be used in different marine environments without calibration based on a posteriori information, which is important for emergency decision support systems.
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Belikova, Ksenia Michailovna. "Bioprinting and culture of tissues and organs in the BRICS countries (on the example of Brazil, India, China, and South Africa): approaches of legislation on intellectual property." Право и политика, no. 5 (May 2020): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.5.32826.
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This article examines the legal regulation of bioprinting (3D printing) and culture of tissues and organs in the BRICS countries through the prism of protection of intellectual property. The work demonstrates the means of protection of results acquired at each stage of bioprinting by the norms of copyright and patent law, as well as touches on the questions of the need (possibility) for patenting of “bioprinters”, “bioinks”, “biopapers”, etc. The goal of this research is to determine the necessary and possible boundaries for patenting (copyright law protection) of the means, products, processes and their moral-ethical acceptance in the society. The novelty of this work consists in a comprehensive analysis of the approaches of BRICS countries towards development, legal formalization and protection of bioprinting and culture of tissues and organs as medical and non-medical technologies from the perspective of intellectual property law. The author attempts to answer the question of (non)patentability of the process (means) and result (product) of bioprinting of tissues and organs, the “bioprinters” themselves, as well as the “bioinks” and “biopapers” they use. With regards to (non)patentability of tissues and organs acquired through 3D printing, a conclusion is made that there is an unfavorable environment for their patenting, though their production, in the author’s opinion, should the right to patenting providing that they meet the criteria (other conditions) set by patenting law of a particular country.
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Lapointe, Line, and Jean-Pierre Simon. "Allocation de biomasse et d'énergie chez deux espèces d'Aster (Asteracées) de milieux contrastants et chez leur hybride naturel." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 1687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-231.
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Patterns of allocation of biomass and calorie energy were investigated for 3 years in several populations of the following taxa: Aster acuminatus, A. nemoralis, and their natural hybrid Aster × blakei. Aster acuminatus, a forest understory species, allocates more biomass and energy to foliage and reproductive effort than the other two taxa. Aster nemoralis, a bog species, allocates more resources to stems and rhizomes than A. acuminatus and, although average total biomass values were lower, tissues had higher caloric values. For Aster × blakei, two groups of populations showing morphological introgression to either parent were also correlated with resource allocation patterns. Caloric and biomass resource allocation patterns of populations of the three taxa did not vary significantly over the 3-year study period, except for A. acuminatus where biomass was significantly lower in 1979 than in the other 2 years. Populations showing higher absolute biomass values had organs with lower energy values. However, when these values were expressed as percentages, the patterns of allocation of biomass and energy were not differentiated within each species. [Translated by the journal]
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Bibik, Nacheva, Grebenshchikov, Nesterok, and Dodonov. "BASES FOR METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO FORECASTING OF PATHOGENESIS PROCESSES IN THE TREMATODE BODY AFTER ANIMAL CHEMOTHERAPY." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.57-62.
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The prospect of effective deworming is associated with the study of the mechanism of action of anthelmintics on helminths, its organs and tissues. The long-term use of methodological approaches using histological, histochemical and morphometric methods for studying organs and tissues of different types of trematodes (fascioli, euritrem, opisthorchia, dicrocelia, paramphistoma, etc.) after the anthelmintics action is effective, since it allows you to establish the mechanism and drug action on helminths. Using these methods, morphophysiological shifts were identified in the organs and tissues of trematodes, the degree of which corresponded proportionally to the dose of the applied anthelmintic on the one hand, and was determined by the chemical structure of the drug itself and the duration of its exposure, on the other. The importance of the trematodocidal effect of anthelmintics is associated with the ovicidal effect and the blocking of the trematode reproduction in which the process of egg formation is disturbed. The egg pathology covers not only the destruction of the structure of their contents at the cellular level, but is also associated with the destruction of their genome. The cessation of the release of invasive material or the release of degenerative eggs into the environment after deworming contributes to the ecologic sterilization of the environment, and its sanitation.
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Assad, Humira, Arvina Assad, and Ashish Kumar. "Recent Developments in 3D Bio-Printing and Its Biomedical Applications." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010255.
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The fast-developing field of 3D bio-printing has been extensively used to improve the usability and performance of scaffolds filled with cells. Over the last few decades, a variety of tissues and organs including skin, blood vessels, and hearts, etc., have all been produced in large quantities via 3D bio-printing. These tissues and organs are not only able to serve as building blocks for the ultimate goal of repair and regeneration, but they can also be utilized as in vitro models for pharmacokinetics, drug screening, and other purposes. To further 3D-printing uses in tissue engineering, research on novel, suitable biomaterials with quick cross-linking capabilities is a prerequisite. A wider variety of acceptable 3D-printed materials are still needed, as well as better printing resolution (particularly at the nanoscale range), speed, and biomaterial compatibility. The aim of this study is to provide expertise in the most prevalent and new biomaterials used in 3D bio-printing as well as an introduction to the associated approaches that are frequently considered by researchers. Furthermore, an effort has been made to convey the most pertinent implementations of 3D bio-printing processes, such as tissue regeneration, etc., by providing the most significant research together with a comprehensive list of material selection guidelines, constraints, and future prospects.
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Jovanovski, Filip, and Viktorija Bezhovska. "MAGNESIUM AS NECESSARY MINERAL IN THE RIGHT DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN ORGANISM." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041227f.
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Minerals are inorganic elements that are part of the tissue of the plants and animals themselves, they are found in the composition of food products and participate in the building of tissues and organs in the human organism. Mineral matters are basic building materials and they make up 4-5% of the the mass of the human body. Minerals can be found in almost every cell, tissue, and organs. They are important ingredients of essential molecules (thyroxine, hemoglobin, vitamin B12, etc.). Minerals are important cofactors in numerous enzymatic reactions that form the solid part of the bones. In addition, mineral substances maintain the pH, osmotic pressure, help in the transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, processes of energy generation in the body and participate in almost all other metabolic processes. Magnesium is a very important mineral for the health of the whole body because it participates in more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body. Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. About 50% of the total magnesium level is found in bones, and the rest is in cells, tissues, and organs. Only 1% of magnesium is found in the blood.
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Poletaev, Alexander. "Composition of the Blood and Reflection of the Health State of Human Body." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 4 (November 6, 2018): 1797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1551.
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Blood (blood plasma) is a special all-pervading substance, functionally co-tuning all organs, tissues and cells of the body. To some extent blood is similar to the Ether of the ancients. In addition to performing house-keeping functions, blood is a medium for the transfer of huge amounts of information, which is continuously exchanged between all the compartments and structures of the macro-organism and its microbiome. This information is transmitted mostly in the form of chemical signals (peptides, micro-RNA, extracellular DNA, the products of the microbiome, antibodies, etc.), the totality of which controls lots of biological processes. Blood is not only a controlling, but also a reflecting environment: dynamic changes in the composition of this environment carry information about the smallest changes in the state of individual populations of cells, tissues, organs and the body as a whole. The prospects of practical using of information about the state of the organism, transmitted by blood and reflected in individual’s serum immunoreactivity profiles are analyzed.
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Samuelson, Isabella, and Antonio J. Vidal-Puig. "Fed-EXosome: extracellular vesicles and cell–cell communication in metabolic regulation." Essays in Biochemistry 62, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20170087.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel messaging system of the organism, mediating cell–cell and interorgan communication. Through their content of proteins and nucleic acids, as well as membrane proteins and lipid species, EVs can interact with and modulate the function of their target cells. The regulation of whole-body metabolism requires cross-talk between key metabolic tissues including adipose tissue (AT), the liver and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the regulation of nutrient/energy allocation during pregnancy requires co-ordinated communication between the foetus and metabolic organs of the mother. A growing body of evidence is suggesting that EVs play a role in communication between and within key metabolic organs, both physiologically during metabolic homoeostasis but also contributing to pathophysiology during metabolic dysregulation observed in metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. As obesity and its associated metabolic complications are reaching epidemic proportions, characterization of EV-mediated communication between key metabolic tissues may offer important insights into the regulation of metabolic functions during disease and offer global therapeutic opportunities. Here, we focus on the role of EVs in metabolic regulation and, in particular, EV-mediated cross-talk between cells of the AT.
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O.I., Kit,, Frantsiyants, E.M., Neskubina, I.V., Kaplieva, I.V., Shikhlyarova, A.I., Trepitaki, L.K., Nemashkalova, L.A., and Pogorelova, Yu.A. "MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION UNDER THE GROWTH OF B16/F10 MELANOMA IN C57BL/6 MICE." CARDIOMETRY, no. 24 (November 30, 2022): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.24.conf.9.
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Mitochondria are present in all organs and tissues of the organism being responsible for the control of various aspects of the cellular function, providing the necessary supply of ATP, regulating Ca2+ signaling, controlling levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) etc. Mitochondria perform specialized functions unique to certain tissues. Abnormalities in mitochondria disorder the key physiological functions such as the ATP production, oxidative phosphorylation, the reactive oxygen species production, and the Ca2+ regulation. This is considered as the mitochondrial dysfunction [5]. It is known that tumor mitochondria undergo some adaptive changes to further accelerate the rapid reproduction of tumor cells in an acidic and hypoxic microenvironment [2].
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Hosseini, Farnaz, Sara Davari, and Mojtaba Arjomandi. "Review of constructive analytical methods for determining the amount of aluminum in environmental and human biological samples." Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal 2, no. 01 (March 12, 2019): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v2.i01.51.
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Aluminum is a toxic metal and causes pollution in soil, water, and air. Afterward, a lot of patients suffer renal failure due to the accumulation of aluminum in the tissues of kidneys. Also, a high concentration of aluminum in plants tissues makes agricultural food toxic. Therefore, measuring aluminum in water, soil, air, human organs, tissues of plants and each food (or agricultural product is so necessary for protecting human health. Also, the effect of some parameters such as pH and temperature on decrease or increase in the amount of aluminum in water and other samples are stated. In this review, the analytical methods such as fluorimetric, ICP-MS, colorimetric, graphite furnace/flame atomic absorption spectrometry, etc. which have been applied for measuring the amount of aluminum (especially ) in environmental and human biological samples are assesse
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Alexianu, Marilena, and Andrei Dan. "Amyloid neuropathy." Romanian Journal of Neurology 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2009.4.5.
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Amyloidosis is the name given to a group of diseases characterized by the extracellular deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in different tissues and organs like kidneys, heart, liver, skin, nerves etc. Clinical manifestations of amyloidosis are determined by the amyloid precursor protein type, by the tissue containing amyloid deposits, and by the quantity of stored amyloid. We present here the data of a patient with sensory polyneuropathy, orthostatic hypotension, nephritic syndrome and benign IgG monoclonal gammopathy, in which we diagnosed amyloid neuropathy.
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Blakeley, S. D., and D. T. Dennis. "Molecular approaches to the manipulation of carbon allocation in plants." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 765–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-088.
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In plants, sucrose is the end product of photosynthesis and is converted to a wide variety of storage compounds in tissues such as seeds and tubers. The allocation of carbon from sucrose to the various metabolic pathways leading to these products will determine the quantity of each synthesized in the respective storage organs. If the level of the enzymes involved in the allocation of carbon could be changed by genetic manipulation, it is probable that the relative yields of the various storage products can also be altered. The initial breakdown of sucrose occurs in the cytosol of the cell. Many biosynthetic pathways, however, including those involved in the synthesis of storage products such as fatty acids, starch, and amino acids, occur in the plastid. The distribution of carbon substrates for these processes will be determined, to a large extent, by the flux of carbon through the glycolytic pathways found in both the cytosolic and plastid compartments. This article will discuss the importance and consequences of compartmentation, review the extent of our understanding of glycolysis and other enzymes and pathways regulating carbon allocation, and will speculate on the potential for the genetic manipulation of these pathways. Key words: genetic manipulation, carbon allocation, metabolism, glycolysis.
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Poletaev, A. B., A. I. Trukhanov, and A. V. Grechko. "MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF BLOOD PLASMA AND CONDITION OF HUMAN ORGANISM AT THE NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL STATE." Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation 1, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36425/2658-6843-19185.
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Blood (blood plasma) is a special all-pervading medium that functionally matches all organs, tissues and cells of the body, to some extent similar to the Ether of the ancients. In addition to performing utilitarian and economic functions, blood is a medium for the transfer of huge amounts of information, which is continuously exchanged between all the compartments and structures of the macroorganism and its microbiome. This information is transmitted in the form of control chemical signals (peptides, micro-RNA, extracellular DNA, microbiome products, antibodies, etc.). molecules), the totality of which controls a variety of biological processes. It is noted that the blood is not only a control, but also a reflective (reflecting) environment: dynamic changes in the composition of this environment carry information about the smallest changes in the state of individual populations of cells, tissues, organs and the body as a whole. The prospects of practical use of information about the state of the organism and its changes, transmitted by blood and quantitatively reflected in individual profiles of immunoreactivity are analyzed.
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Milanes, Carmen Luisa, Eddy Hernández, Leyda González, Homero Sivira, Rafael Mamblona, Paul Clesca, Leoncio Serrano, et al. "Organ and Tissue Procurement System: A Novel Intervention to Increase Organ Donation Rates in Venezuela." Progress in Transplantation 13, no. 1 (March 2003): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480301300112.
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The limited number of organs and tissues available for transplantation in Venezuela and the need to improve outcomes for patients with life-threatening end-stage organ failure or inadequate quality of life resulted in the development and implementation of an organ and tissue procurement system by the Venezuelan National Transplant Organization. This procurement system, a 24-hour, nationwide, free phone service for detection of potential organ donors, connects callers with transplant coordinators. The on-call coordinator supervises family approach as well as maintenance, transport, and allocation of the organs and tissues. During a period of 21 months, the phone service received 1191 calls (713 requesting information to become a voluntary donor, 207 requesting information about donation and transplantation, and 271 reporting potential donors). Of the potential donors, 74% were men and 67% were aged between 11 and 40 years, and most came from hospital intensive care units, emergency departments, and trauma shock units. The main causes of death were trauma and stroke. Reasons why donation was not accomplished included early cardiorespiratory arrest and denied consent. In conclusion, establishing the procurement system resulted in an increase in the detection, referral, and maintenance of potential donors; doubling of the number of donors per million population; and an increase in the number of cadaveric transplants.
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HOVHANNISYAN, ARARAT ZH, VLADIMIR A. HOVHANNISYAN, and CHEN-YUAN DONG. "HYPERICIN-MEDIATED DESTRUCTION OF COLLAGEN FIBERS REVEALED BY MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 15 (January 2012): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451200709x.
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Collagen is the major component of the extracellular matrix in skin, tendon, cartilage, cornea, bone, etc., and as a main structural protein is the key determinant of mechanical and functional properties of tissues and organs. Proper balance between synthesis and degradation of collagen fibers is critical for maintaining normal physiologic function; therefore, the modification of collagen fibers in a controlled manner is of high importance for biomedicine. In this work, using second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited auto-fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy, we revealed that hypericin, a natural pigment extracted from plant, induced structural modification of collagen based tissues. Dynamics of the process was monitored by time-lapse multiphoton imaging. It was demonstrated that hypericin–mediated process was considerably irreversible and has a potential to be used for destroying of abnormal tissues and treatment of some diseases.
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Yeroshenko, G. A., O. D. Lysachenko, K. V. Shevchenko, O. V. Kinash, and L. B. Pelypenko. "IMPROVING SKILLS IN MICRODIAGNOSTICS DURING THE COURSES OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL DISCIPLINES." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 22, no. 2 (September 27, 2022): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.22.2.108.
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Microscopic and submicroscopic studies of cyto- and histopreparations are used for high-quality assimilation of theoretical knowledge and practical skills over the courses "Histology, Cytology, Embryology" and "Medical Biology". They are an inseparable part of sessions when medical students learn the structure of cells, tissues, organs and make diagnoses parasitic diseases identifying pathogens and vectors of pathogens, helminth species, etc. Mastering medical and biological disciplines involves the ability to perform accurate study of micropreparations and their structural elements for further use in clinical practice, e.g. when investigating the biopsy samples, diagnosing pathological processes, establishing the causes of infection, or making laboratory diagnosis of parasitic diseases, etc. The main part of practical classes implies the students’ operating with microscopes. The classrooms of the departments are equipped with computers and microscopes with digital video cameras; the images of micropreparations of various magnifications can be visualized onto the screens of monitors, plasma TVs or the large screen by multimedia projectors. Ability to change the spot size setting facilitates better vision and thus better understanding of various histological structures. In practical classes on histology, cytology, and embryology, the theoretical material is consolidated by studying the microscopic structure of cells, tissues, and organs, diagnosing their histological structures, and processing electron microscopy data. Micropreparations of cells, stages of embryo development, extra-embryonic organs, helminths and their eggs are extensively used as material for investigation and analysis. The theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired by students over the disciplines of a medical and biological profile pave the foundations for a holistic perception of the human body, contribute to improving skills in detecting microscopic structures, develop the ability to diagnose pathogens and vectors of parasitic diseases and are used in solving clinical case-studies.
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Goltsev, Anatoliy, Mykola Bondarovych, Natalya Babenko, Yuliya Gaevska, Tatiana Dubrava, and Maksim Ostankov. "Use of Nanomaterials in Cryobiology and Cryomedicine." Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine 30, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/cryo30.04.313.
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The review considers the possibility of using modern nanotechnological developments aimed to achieve alternative cryobiological goals. On the one hand, the use of nanomaterials will increase the functional value of thawed cells due to such unique characteristics of nanoparticles as size, shape, surface charge, chemical composition, etc. Nanomaterials can be used as nanocontainers for impermeable cryoprotective agents (CPAs) and cause significant changes in crystal formation, thermal conductivity and other properties of cells, tissues and organs, that increases the efficiency of their cryopreservation. On the other hand, the combined use of nanomaterials and low-temperature freezing factors is considered a promising method of destruction of pathologically altered cells and tissues, as it minimizes the risk of recurrence of oncopathology after insufficient freezing-out of the tumor site.
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Zhdan, V. M., Ye M. Kitura, M. Yu Babanina, O. V. Gordiienko, and T. V. Moroz. "INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN A PATIENT WITH SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA AND MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION: A CASE REPORT." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.1.222.
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Systemic scleroderma is an autoimmune connective tissue disease with characteristic lesions of the skin, blood vessels, musculoskeletal system and internal organs (kidneys, heart, lungs, and digestive tract) based on impaired microcirculation, inflammation and generalized fibrosis. At the stage of provisional diagnosis, the triad of the initial signs of the disease is especially important including Raynaud’s syndrome, characteristic skin lesions, and joint syndrome. Subsequently, multiple organs and tissues are involved in the process. Infectious complications are one of the major threats to patients with systemic connective tissue disease, along with cardiovascular and cancerous diseases. Based on retrospective analysis, it has been found out that the incidence of comorbid infections in the in-patients with rheumatic diseases made up 9.7%; with predominant damage to respiratory organs was 44%, urinary tract – 29.2%, and skin and soft tissues – 18.9%. Comorbid infections were the most common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (28.4%) and rheumatoid arthritis (13.2%). Infections constitute 2-9% of overall causes of mortality in patients with systemic scleroderma. Cases of serious infections (pneumonia, sepsis, bacterial arthritis, skin and soft tissues lesions, etc.) have been recorded, including those with fatal outcomes. The problem of differential diagnosis of systemic infectious process and rheumatic diseases with high activity is extremely important. The paper presents a clinical case of subacute course of systemic scleroderma with multiple organ dysfunction affecting lungs (pneumofibrosis, pulmonary hypertension), heart (restrictive cardiomyopathy, atrial flutter), kidneys (nephritis) conjoined with severe infectious complications (septicemia, phlegmon of the soft tissues of the left leg). The present clinical case clearly demonstrates a severe subacute course with multiple organ dysfunction affecting lungs, heart, kidneys, digestive tract. Immunodeficiency was accompanied by severe infectious complications, in particularly, septicemia, soft tissue phlegmon, having complex pathogenesis that required prolonged intensive care.
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Leonards, Pim E. G., Bert van Hattum, Wim P. Cofino, and Udo A. Th. Brinkman. "Occurrence of non-ortho-, mono-ortho- and di-ortho-substituted PCB congeners in different organs and tissues of polecats (Mustela putoriusL.) from the Netherlands." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13, no. 1 (January 1994): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130118.
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Korzh, A. A., V. I. Simenach, A. A. Korzh, and B. I. Simenach. "Theoretical Idea of Dysplastic Hereditary Predisposed Scoliosis (Conception Model)." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2004): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto200411452-57.
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Theoretical idea of dysplastic hereditary predisposed scoliosis has been found on the basis of integration principles using the methodology of the systemic approach taking into account authors' model of scoliosis. This pathology is stipulated by genetically determinant abnormalities of vertebra structure. These abnormalities predispose to the spine deformity development. Manifestation of scoliosis is possible only under conditions of the expositive effect of the environment factors (even the normal ones). Under their additional influence scoliotic deformity with compensative antideformities and all resulting consequences (disturbance of spinal tissues, deformity and disorder of chest and inner organs, etc.).
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Ghanemi, Abdelaziz, Mayumi Yoshioka, and Jonny St-Amand. "In Vitro Mimicking of Obesity-Induced Biochemical Environment to Study Obesity Impacts on Cells and Tissues." Diseases 10, no. 4 (October 3, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040076.
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Obesity represents a heavy burden for modern healthcare. The main challenge facing obesity research progress is the unknown underlying pathways, which limits our understanding of the pathogenesis and developing therapies. Obesity induces specific biochemical environments that impact the different cells and tissues. In this piece of writing, we suggest mimicking obesity-induced in vivo biochemical environments including pH, lipids, hormones, cytokines, and glucose within an in vitro environment. The concept is to reproduce such biochemical environments and use them to treat the tissue cultures, explant cultures, and cell cultures of different biological organs. This will allow us to clarify how the obesity-induced biochemistry impacts such biological entities. It would also be important to try different environments, in terms of the compositions and concentrations of the constitutive elements, in order to establish links between the effects (impaired regeneration, cellular inflammation, etc.) and the factors constituting the environment (hormones, cytokines, etc.) as well as to reveal dose-dependent effects. We believe that such approaches will allow us to elucidate obesity mechanisms, optimize animal models, and develop therapies as well as novel tissue engineering applications.
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Jackson, Togwell A. "Isotopic and chemical characteristics of mercury in organs and tissues of fish in a mercury-polluted lake: Evidence for fractionation of mercury isotopes by physiological processes." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3987.
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Yang, Bin, Changhui Peng, Sandy P. Harrison, Hua Wei, Han Wang, Qiuan Zhu, and Meng Wang. "Allocation Mechanisms of Non-Structural Carbohydrates of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Seedlings in Response to Drought and Waterlogging." Forests 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120754.
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Climate change is likely to lead to an increased frequency of droughts and floods, both of which are implicated in large-scale carbon allocation and tree mortality worldwide. Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) play an important role in tree survival under stress, but how NSC allocation changes in response to drought or waterlogging is still unclear. We measured soluble sugars (SS) and starch in leaves, twigs, stems and roots of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings that had been subjected to a gradient in soil water availability from extreme drought to waterlogged conditions for a period of 30 days. Starch concentrations decreased and SS concentrations increased in tissues of R. pseudoacacia seedlings, such that the ratio of SS to starch showed a progressive increase under both drought and waterlogging stress. The strength of the response is asymmetric, with the largest increase occurring under extreme drought. While the increase in SS concentration in response to extreme drought is the largest in roots, the increase in the ratio of SS to starch is the largest in leaves. Individual components of SS showed different responses to drought and waterlogging across tissues: glucose concentrations increased significantly with drought in all tissues but showed little response to waterlogging in twigs and stems; sucrose and fructose concentrations showed marked increases in leaves and roots in response to drought but a greater response to drought and waterlogging in stems and twigs. These changes are broadly compatible with the roles of individual SS under conditions of water stress. While it is important to consider the role of NSC in buffering trees against mortality under stress, modelling this behaviour is unlikely to be successful unless it accounts for different responses within organs and the type of stress involved.
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Iordanishvili, Andrey K. "Structural changes in masticatory apparatus organs and tissues with chronic environmental pathogenic factor exposure of flight labor." Russian Journal of Dentistry 26, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1728-2802-2022-26-1-31-40.
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BACKGROUND: The professional activity of the flight crew, conducted day after day under the constant influence of several unfavorable factors (hypergravity, vibration, altered barometric pressure, noise, etc.), leads to a significantly decreased quality of health and the development of phenomena of activity dysregulation of several organs and body systems, which manifests itself even in relative rest conditions.
AIM: To study the structural changes in masticatory apparatus organs and tissues under the influence of the main ecopathogenic factors of aviation labor on the body, such as chronic noise exposure, oxygen deficiency, barometric pressure changes, vibration, and hypergravity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experimental study included 65 white male rats of the Wistar line, aged 834 weeks. Of these, 10 animals remained intact and 15 were subjected to chronic gravitational overloads following the generally accepted method. The remaining 40 animals were subjected to long-term isolated broadband noise exposure with an intensity of 100 dB, hypoxia, barometric pressure changes, and vibration following the generally accepted methods for modeling aviation overloads. At the end of the experiment, the animals were taken out of the experiment, and the material was taken for morphological studies.
RESULTS: The extreme factors of aviation flight (noise, hypoxia, barometric pressure drops, vibration, and hyperweight) with prolonged exposure to a living organism lead to the same type and non-specific multifunctional changes in the masticatory apparatus organs and tissues. The severity of these transformations is most clearly manifested in the hemomicrocirculatory bed and nervous structures and depends both on the air flight influencing factor type and on tissue sensitivity to the effects of these extreme factors.
CONCLUSIONS: The most unfavorable factor of flight labor is chronic gravitational overloads, and the salivary glands, masticatory muscles, and dental pulp are the most sensitive to this factor from the masticatory apparatus tissues.
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Nguyen, Tu Thi Cam, Nhon Van Mai, and Binh Thai Nguyen. "Comparison of intensity modulated photon therapy and intensity modulated proton therapy plans for prostate cancer." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 3 (August 30, 2015): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i3.825.
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Nowadays, traditional radiation therapy using x-rays is still the most common type of external exposure in curing cancer. However, the persisting problem is that significant dose delivered to normal tissues because of the characteristics of interaction of photons with matter even with the most advanced delivery techniques such as IMRT, IGRT, etc. Proton therapy is not only the technique producing better conformity to target but also better sparing to organs at risk. In this work, intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and intensity modulated photon therapy (IMRT) plans are generated for a prostate patient. The evaluation and comparison of the two treatment plans were performed in term of physical quantity based on Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) and dose statistics for both target and organs at risk. The results of our study show that IMPT could be beneficial compared to IMRT with 5 fields. The doses to intestine and bladder are low resulting in possibly reducing side effects and second malignancies
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Vale, Nuno, Abigail Ferreira, Joana Matos, Paula Fresco, and Maria Gouveia. "Amino Acids in the Development of Prodrugs." Molecules 23, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092318.
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Although drugs currently used for the various types of diseases (e.g., antiparasitic, antiviral, antibacterial, etc.) are effective, they present several undesirable pharmacological and pharmaceutical properties. Most of the drugs have low bioavailability, lack of sensitivity, and do not target only the damaged cells, thus also affecting normal cells. Moreover, there is the risk of developing resistance against drugs upon chronic treatment. Consequently, their potential clinical applications might be limited and therefore, it is mandatory to find strategies that improve those properties of therapeutic agents. The development of prodrugs using amino acids as moieties has resulted in improvements in several properties, namely increased bioavailability, decreased toxicity of the parent drug, accurate delivery to target tissues or organs, and prevention of fast metabolism. Herein, we provide an overview of models currently in use of prodrug design with amino acids. Furthermore, we review the challenges related to the permeability of poorly absorbed drugs and transport and deliver on target organs.
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Kulkarni, Swarup P. "Study of Kala Sharir with Respect to Medodhara Kala." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210425.
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According to Ashtang Sangraha Sharirsthan, kleda present between dhatu and aashay gets paak (solid) due to heat and called as kala. There are 7 kala. Kala is innermost limiting lining of Dhatus and Aashayas. Kala is the structure between Dhatu and Aashay or it is the structure inside the dhatu itself. According to Sushrutacharya, kala is that limiting layer of body organs and tissues which keep them in normal position. Here the word is used for organs also. Kala can be correlated with Membrane, Fascia, Covering etc. structures as per Anatomy. The term Kala is used for, Membrane – This may be fibrous, mucous and serous, One of the Sharir Ghatak (Part of the body), Sheath, Septum, Guna (Qualities). Kala is classified under 7 categories as Mansadhara, Raktadhara, Medodhara, Pittadhara, Purishdhara, Shukradhara and Shleshmadhara kala. Medodhara kala can be compared with Omentum and Deep fascia. Keywords: Kala, Membrane, Medodhara kala, Omentum, Deep fascia.
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Petrakova, O. S., E. S. Chernioglo, V. V. Terskikh, E. N. Kalistratova, and A. V. Vasiliev. "The Use of Cellular Technologies in Treatment of Liver Pathologies." Acta Naturae 4, no. 3 (September 15, 2012): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2012-4-3-16-30.
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Cell techniques find increasing application in modern clinical practice. The II and III phases of clinical trials are already under way for various cellular products used for the restoration of the functions of the cornea, larynx, skin, etc. However, the obtainment of functional cell types specific to different organs and tissues still remains a subject of laboratory research. Liver is one of the most important organs; the problems and prospects of cellular therapy for liver pathologies are currently being actively studied. Cellular therapy of liver pathologies is a complex multistage process requiring a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms occurring in liver cells during differentiation and regeneration. An analysis of the current cellular therapy for liver pathologies is presented, the use of various cell types is described, the main molecular mechanisms of hepatocyte differentiation are analyzed, and the challenges and prospects of cell therapy for liver disorders are discussed in this review.
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Haleema, Nadeem, Ayesha Mahnoor, Saeed Umar, Piracha Zahra Zahid, Tahir Rafia, Ul-Ain Noor-, Mehtab Farrah, Fatima Rida, and Uppal Rizwan. "SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated detrimental effects on the various human organs." International Journal of Clinical Virology 5, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 072–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijcv.1001038.
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The SARS-Cov-2 virus was firstly identified in Wuhan, China and caused catastrophic destruction all over the world. COVID-19 virus primarily effects lungs of its hosts and impairs it in number of ways. It can also damage multiple organs like Heart, kidney, endocrine glands, skin, brain and several others. Kidneys are also damaged to a great extent. In Heart it can cause acute coronary syndrome, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction. SARS-CoV-2 effect brain especially psychologically. It also causes serious lymphocyte apoptosis. It also neutralizes human spleen and lymph nodes. SARS-CoC-2 can be harmful for those having already liver diseases. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 has a direct impact on endocrine glands. It is responsible for the various injurious changes in hormones, causes various diseases like acute pancreatitis, decrease in GH, hypoparathyroidism etc. and lead to cause tissues damage in glands. It also some minor effects on nose, and respiratory pathways. It also has some minor effects on eyes and ears whereas it causes several devastations in GIT.
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Ryg, Morten. "Physiological control of growth, reproduction and lactation in deer." Rangifer 6, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.657.
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The physiological mechanisms controlling the growth, lactation and reproductive cycles of cervids, and the control of allocation of energy to different organs are discussed. The growth cycle may be secondary to an appetite cycle, regulated by changes in the secretion of prolactin, gonadal steroids, and possibly unknown factors. The reproductive cycle is controlled by changes in the release at the hypothalamic hormone GnRH, and by changes in the feedback effect of gonadal steroids. These cycles are probably the result of the timing effects of nutrition and changing photoperiod on an endogenous, circannual rhythm. The effect of photopenod is mediated by the pineal hormone melatonin. The physiological mechanisms controlling the partitioning of substrates between milk production, fetal growth and the tissues of the mother are poorly understood, but may involve changes in the secretion of growth hormone, insulin and triiodothyronine.
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Butet, Alain. "Teneur azotée des ressources et choix trophiques du Mulot sylvestre (Apodemus sylvaticus) dans un système oligotrophe." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-005.
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The nitrogen content of plant tissue is an essential factor for the growth and survival of many wild phytophagous vertebrates. We tried to analyse the trophic choices of the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) in relation to the nitrogen content of various plant organs in a heathland, a common ecosystem in Brittany. Patterns of plant resources utilisation observed in this ecosystem show that this rodent species always selects concentrated resources, namely energy- or nitrogen-rich plant tissues. In other respects, the ingestion of animal prey in quantities varying according to the availability of highly nutritious plant resources is another adaptive response to this selection pressure. This strategy of nitrogen allocation based on seed and insect eating is compared with those observed in various other small rodents and correlations with their demographic and space utilization patterns are discussed.
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NG, THIAN C. "GADOLINIUM(Gd)-BASED AND ION OXIDE NANOPARTICLE CONTRAST AGENTS FOR PRE-CLINICAL AND CLINICAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) RESEARCH." COSMOS 08, no. 01 (June 2012): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607712500048.
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It is known that one strength of MRI is its excellent soft tissue discrimination. It naturally provides sufficient contrast between the structural differences of normal and pathological tissues, their spatial extent and progression. However, to further extend its applications and enhance even more contrast for clinical studies, various Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents have been developed for different organs (brain strokes, cancer, cardio-MRI, etc). These Gd -based contrast agents are paramagnetic compounds that have strong T 1-effect for enhancing the contrast between tissue types. Gd -contrast can also enhance magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) for studying stenosis and for measuring perfusion, vascular susceptibility, interstitial space, etc. Another class of contrast agents makes use of ferrite iron oxide nanoparticles (including Superparamagnetic Ion Oxide (SPIO) and Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (USPIO)). These nanoparticles have superior magnetic susceptibility effect and produce a drop in signal, namely in [Formula: see text]-weighted images, useful for the determination of lymph nodes metastases, angiogenesis and arteriosclerosis plaques.
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Bukhman, A. I., G. I. Fedoseeva, and T. V. Puishina. "On the pathogenesis of thyroalgia." Problems of Endocrinology 39, no. 6 (December 15, 1993): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11934.
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The authors analyze thyroalgias occurring in various thyroid diseases and diseases of the adjacent organs and tissues. They come to a conclusion that as far as thyroid diseases are concerned, true thyroalgias are the most incident in various thyroiditis forms, thyroid tumors, postoperative cicatrices, and are explained by the pathologic process impact on glandular capsule (stretching, intergrowth, pressure, etc.). Of diseases not directly related to thyroid but causing thyroalgias (pseudothyroalgias) laryngitis, pharyngitis, and osseous conditions are the most incident, which indirectly influence pain development. Pseudothyroalgias should be differentiated from such osseous changes in the neck as deforming spondylosis, spondylarthrosis, extra cervical ribs (a developmental abnormality), and structural specificities of temporal bone styloid processes.
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Kusakabe, M., M. Yokoyama, T. Sakakura, T. Nomura, H. L. Hosick, and Y. Nishizuka. "A novel methodology for analysis of cell distribution in chimeric mouse organs using a strain specific antibody." Journal of Cell Biology 107, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.107.1.257.
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Chimeric animals are very useful for analysis of cell lineage, homeostasis in tissue architecture, and cell-cell interactions during both organogenesis and carcinogenesis. However, there is not a generally effective means for marking cells of chimeric mice. We have therefore developed a polyclonal antibody that is useful for this purpose. This antibody specifically recognizes those cells derived from C3H strain mice. The specificity of this antibody was checked by both immunoblotting and immunoadsorption methods. The antigens were immunohistochemically detected in cytoplasm of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells of C3H/HeN strain mouse in many different organs, but not the corresponding cell types from BALB/c or C57BL/10 or several other mouse strains. The validity of these antibodies as markers for C3H cells was further checked by tissue recombination experiments and in mixed cultures of mouse and rat cells. In each case the antibody recognized only the C3H mouse cells. Next, chimeric mice were prepared between strains C3H/HeN and BALB/c, and C3H/HeN and C57BL/10 mice. Chimeras 2-mo old were examined for antigen distribution using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Many tissues in chimeric mice were composed of cells that were both stained and unstained by the anti-C3H specific antigen. The chimeric patterns were classified into four types, A-D. In well-defined structural units such as intestinal crypts, small intestinal villi, kidney convoluted tubules, exocrine gland acini, ovarian follicles, thyroid gland follicles, stomach glands, adrenal cortex, lingual papillae, etc., (A) each unit was composed entirely of either positive or negative cells, or else (B) in some organs each unit was composed of both types of cells. In the uniform tissues without such distinguishable units, such as stratified squamous epithelium, mesenchymal tissue, corpora lutea, pituitary gland, Islets of Langerhans, adrenal medulla etc., (C) the tissue was composed of definite small cell groups made entirely of either positive or negative cells, or else (D) the tissue was composed of both types of cells which were intermingled with one another. These findings strongly suggest that the chimeric patterns demonstrated here reflect the cell proliferative unit in each tissue. This cell marker system has proven useful for analysis of cell lineage and cell renewal systems in many organs of chimeric mice.
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Malik, Mohit Saini Jitender K. "Novel Drug Delivery System Microsphere: A Review." SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 3, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2022.v03i02.001.
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The concept of targeted drug delivery is designed to attempt to concentrate the drug in the tissues of interest while reducing the relative concentration of the drug in the remaining tissues. As a result, the drug is localized to the targeted site. Therefore, the surrounding tissues are not affected by the drug. Therefore, carrier technology provides an intelligent approach to drug delivery by coupling drugs to carrier particles such as microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, etc., modulating the release and absorption characteristics drug revenue. Microspheres are typically free-flowing powders made of proteins or synthetic polymers that are biodegradable in nature and ideally have a particle size of less than 200 μm. It is a reliable way to deliver drugs to the target site with specificity, if altered, and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest without side effects. Microspheres have received a great deal of attention not only for sustained release but also for targeting anti-cancer drugs to tumors. In the future, by combining various strategies, microspheres will occupy a central place in the delivery of new drugs, especially in the classification of diseased cells, diagnostics, genes and genetic material, safe, targeted and effective in vivo delivery and supplements in miniature versions of diseased organs and tissues in the body.
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Cano, Georgina, Shelby L. Hernan, and Alan F. Sved. "Centrally Projecting Edinger-Westphal Nucleus in the Control of Sympathetic Outflow and Energy Homeostasis." Brain Sciences 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11081005.
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The centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWcp) is a midbrain neuronal group, adjacent but segregated from the preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus that projects to the ciliary ganglion. The EWcp plays a crucial role in stress responses and in maintaining energy homeostasis under conditions that require an adjustment of energy expenditure, by virtue of modulating heart rate and blood pressure, thermogenesis, food intake, and fat and glucose metabolism. This modulation is ultimately mediated by changes in the sympathetic outflow to several effector organs, including the adrenal gland, heart, kidneys, brown and white adipose tissues and pancreas, in response to environmental conditions and the animal’s energy state, providing for appropriate energy utilization. Classic neuroanatomical studies have shown that the EWcp receives inputs from forebrain regions involved in these functions and projects to presympathetic neuronal populations in the brainstem. Transneuronal tracing with pseudorabies virus has demonstrated that the EWcp is connected polysynaptically with central circuits that provide sympathetic innervation to all these effector organs that are critical for stress responses and energy homeostasis. We propose that EWcp integrates multimodal signals (stress, thermal, metabolic, endocrine, etc.) and modulates the sympathetic output simultaneously to multiple effector organs to maintain energy homeostasis under different conditions that require adjustments of energy demands.
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Amanova, M. A., A. N. Smirnov, V. V. Kholostova, A. G. Mannanov, S. A. Voina, E. Yu Biryukova, and A. I. Khavkin. "Spontaneous perforation of the stomach and duodenum in children with Ehlers‑Danlos syndrome." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology 1, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-185-1-176-182.
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is based on hereditary systemic dysfunction of the connective tissue caused by impaired collagen synthesis. Depending on the individual mutation, the clinical manifestations of the syndrome can range from mild to life-threatening. The result of a violation of collagen synthesis is the proliferation of elastic fibers, loss of compactness and disorientation of collagen fibers, fragility of the vessel wall and expansion of their lumen. And, given that connective tissue fibers are present in almost every organ, the manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are polymorphic and generalized, which often complicates the verification of this disease. The most clinically important is the Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome IV (vascular) type, which occurs as a result of mutations in the COL3A1 and COL1A1 genes and manifests itself in a tendency to spontaneous rupture of large arteries and hollow organs (intestinal perforation, strokes, rupture of the spleen, etc.), poor wound healing, fragility soft tissues, impaired hemostasis. The article describes our own experience of treating 4 patients with spontaneous ruptures of internal organs, including those of a recurrent nature.
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Magomedova, A. U., E. A. Fastova, A. M. Kovrigina, T. N. Obukhova, N. I. Skidan, Ya K. Mangasarova, A. I. Vorobyev, and S. K. Kravchenko. "Bone marrow involvement in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 89, no. 7 (July 15, 2017): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/terarkh201789765-68.
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Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a distinct type of large B-cell lymphoma. In this type of the disease, the neoplastic process is located in the anterior and superior mediastinum, frequently with compression of the superior vena cava and with tumor invasion into the adjacent organs and tissues: the pericardium, lung, pleura, etc. Despite the fact that in PMBCL progression, there may be involvement of extranodal organs, such as the kidney, adrenal glands, liver, and central nervous system, bone marrow (BM) injury is generally absent. Since BM injury in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is an independent poor prognostic indicator, there is reason to believe that BM involvement in PMBCL affects the prognosis. These cases may need intensified induction therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; and BM injury should be monitored during the therapy. The paper gives reports of clinical cases of bone marrow involvement in 2 PMBCL patients treated at the National Research Center for Hematology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
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Belichenko, О. I., I. I. Dedov, Ye I. Marova, T. S. Zenkova, M. A. Shariya, and D. V. Mikhailov. "Magnetic resonance tomography in the diagnosis of adrenal diseases." Problems of Endocrinology 43, no. 2 (April 15, 1997): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl199743225-28.
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The authors analyze the results of many-year application of magnetic imaging to the diagnosis of volume diseases of the adrenals. The method may be effectively used for topical diagnosis of such conditions. Due to some of its characteristics, such as clear differentiation of soft tissues, possibility of examination in 3 and more projections, safety, etc., magnetic imaging may be considered a method of choice in the diagnosis of adrenal tumors. It provides valuable information on the size, shape, localization, and dissemination of adrenal tumors and in some cases differentiates the variants of anatomical norm of the adjacent organs simulating adrenal tumors shown by other topographic methods. Features of magnetic image of tumors different by their hormonal activity: aldosteroma, pheochromocytoma, corticosteroma, "incidentaloma", and malignant tumors are described. Use of paramagnetic contrast agents appreciably improves the quality of magnetic resonance tomographic diagnosis of adrenal tumors, for it permits a more reliable conclusion on the tumor structure and its position amidst the adjacent vascular structures (abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava) and the parenchymatous organs (liver and kidneys), which is particularly valuable for planning surgery.
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Shevlyuk, N. N., I. Z. Gatiatullin, and A. A. Stadnikov. "Features of Reparative Histogenesis in Bioplastic Material Application." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-1-86-93.
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In modern medicine, various biocompatible materials (based on biodegradable natural biopolymers – collagen, hyaluronic acid, chitin, chitosan, etc.) are widely used, primarily for the purposes of reconstructive and plastic surgery. The development of these materials and their introduction into clinical practice is an extremely urgent task of regenerative biology and medicine. One of the most important properties of bioplastic materials is their ability to undergo biodegradation and gradually be replaced by the recipient's proper tissues. In this case, the intermediate and final metabolic products of these materials should be included in the natural biochemical cycles of the body without their systemic and local accumulation, and degradation products should lack the toxicity effect. Bioplastic materials can also serve as carriers of biologically active substances, for example, growth factors and morphogenetic proteins, antibacterial substances, as well as pharmacological agents that affect the rate of regeneration. The designed three-dimensional porous structure of new materials, morphologically similar to the structure of body tissues, allows them to ensure the migration of fibroblastic cells, the growth of blood vessels in the area occupied by this material, that is, they can serve as a skeleton (matrix), a basis for histio- and organotypic regenerates developing in various organs. Many bioplastic materials have the ability to enhance angiogenesis, and are also able to activate proliferation and cytodifferentiation of epithelial cells and fibroblast differentiation cells of the connective tissue, which leads to the formation of young connective tissue in the transplant zone and epithelization of organ damage. Thus, biocompatible and biodegradable polymers are able to stimulate reparative histogenesis, providing optimal conditions for the formation of histio- and organotypic regenerates of various tissues and organs.
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Kong, Jie-Jun, Wen-Quan Liu, Feng Huang, Lei Hua, Fei Yu, Qian He, Yan Su, Ji-Yue Li, and Quan Qiu. "Spatial Patterns of Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Eucalyptus urophylla× E. grandis under Dry-Season Irrigation with Fertilization." Forests 12, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081049.
Full textAbstract:
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) affect tree growth and survival when photosynthesis is impacted by climate change, such as seasonal drought and extreme precipitation. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether Eucalyptus suffers growth limitation under natural conditions and if trees recover under artificial cultivation. In present study, we conducted a field control experiment to compare the NSC storage in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis trees on fertilization and dry-season irrigation to determine the variations of NSC under drought stress. The results indicated total soluble sugar (TSS) was the primary existing form of NSC. In spatial patterns, NSC concentration showed gradient differences from source organ to sink organ, and finally accumulated in root. The TSS concentration showed a decreased trend with height except leaf, while the trend of starch concentration was contrast. Surprisingly, fertilization and dry-season irrigation had not changed the carbon distribution among all tissues but reduced the TSS concentration in most organs. The fast-growing E. urophylla × E. grandis will consume the assimilates and carbohydrates of storage organs, but maintains the NSC concentration at a certain threshold. Our results help to comprehend the NSC allocation and improve the productivity of E. urophylla × E. grandis plantations in seasonal arid areas.
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Ritmejerytė, Edita, Berin A. Boughton, Michael J. Bayly, and Rebecca E. Miller. "Divergent responses of above- and below-ground chemical defence to nitrogen and phosphorus supply in waratahs (Telopea speciosissima)." Functional Plant Biology 46, no. 12 (2019): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp19122.
Full textAbstract:
Plant nutrition can affect the allocation of resources to plant chemical defences, yet little is known about how phosphorus (P) supply, and relative nitrogen (N) and P supply, affect chemical defences, especially in species with intrinsically conservative nutrient use adapted to P-impoverished soils. Waratah (Telopea speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br.), like other Proteaceae, is adapted nutrient-poor soils. It was identified as having cyanogenic glycosides (CNglycs) throughout the plant. T. speciosissima seedlings were grown for 15 weeks under two N and P concentrations. CNglycs (N-based defence) and nutrients were quantified in above- and below-ground organs; foliar carbon (C)-based phenolics and tannins were also quantified. CNglyc concentrations in roots were on average 51-fold higher than in above-ground tissues and were affected by both N and P supply, whereas foliar CNglyc concentrations only responded to N supply. Leaves had high concentrations of C-based defences, which increased under low N, and were not correlated with N-based defences. Greater root chemical defence against herbivores and pathogens may be important in a non-mycorrhizal species that relies on basal resprouting following disturbance. The differing responses of secondary chemistry in above- and below-ground organs to P and N demonstrate the importance of broadening the predominantly foliar focus of plant defence studies.
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Zeng, Zhen, Tong Lyu, Xin Jia, Yue Chen, and Yingmin Lyu. "Expression Patterns of Sugar Transporter Genes in the Allocation of Assimilates and Abiotic Stress in Lily." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 4319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084319.
Full textAbstract:
During the growth cycle of lilies, assimilates undergo a process of accumulation, consumption and reaccumulation in bulbs and are transported and allocated between aboveground and underground organs and tissues. The sink–source relationship changes with the allocation of assimilates, affecting the vegetative growth and morphological establishment of lilies. In this study, the carbohydrate contents in different tissues of five critical stages during lily development were measured to observe the assimilates allocation. The results showed bulbs acted as the main source to provide energy before the budding stage (S3); after the flowering stage (S4), bulbs began to accumulate assimilates as a sink organ again. During the period when the plant height was 30cm with leaf-spread (S2), leaves mainly accumulated assimilates from bulbs through the symplastic pathway, while when leaves were fully expanded, it transformed to export carbohydrates. At the S4 stage, flowers became a new active sink with assimilates influx. To further understand the allocation of assimilates, 16 genes related to sugar transport and metabolism (ST genes) were identified and categorized into different subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis, and their protein physicochemical properties were also predicted. Tissue-specific analysis showed that most of the genes were highly expressed in stems and petals, and it was mainly the MST (monosaccharide transporter) genes that were obviously expressed in petals during the S4 stage, suggesting that they may be associated with the accumulation of carbohydrates in flowers and thus affect flower development process. LoSWEET14 (the Sugar will eventually be exported transporters) was significantly correlated with starch in scales and with soluble sugar in leaves. Sugar transporters LoHXT6 and LoSUT1 were significantly correlated with soluble sugar and sucrose in leaves, suggesting that these genes may play key roles in the accumulation and transportation of assimilates in lilies. In addition, we analyzed the expression patterns of ST genes under different abiotic stresses, and the results showed that all genes were significantly upregulated. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on molecular mechanism of sink–source change and response to abiotic stresses in lilies.
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Khoshnood, Zahra. "Effects of Environmental Pollution on Fish: A Short Review." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2017-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, are the most important toxic compounds of aquatic habitats. Heavy metals enter the aquatic environments via natural and anthropogenic pathways while the only source of pesticides is the anthropogenic usage of different types of pesticides including fungicide, insecticide and herbicide. Fish larvae and fingerlings are the most vulnerable life stages of fish which could be severely affected by pesticides as non-target organisms as well as by heavy metal pollution. The most important tissues affected by these pollutants are the gill, kidney and liver. Histopathological alterations of these vital organs could affect the survival rate, biological activities, osmoregulation, reproduction, buoyancy, etc., which finally could lead to failures in stock recruitment and population changes.