Relevant bibliographies by topics / Allocation of organs, tissues, etc

Academic literature on the topic 'Allocation of organs, tissues, etc'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Allocation of organs, tissues, etc"

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Wegener, Frederik, Wolfram Beyschlag, and Christiane Werner. "Dynamic carbon allocation into source and sink tissues determine within-plant differences in carbon isotope ratios." Functional Plant Biology 42, no. 7 (2015): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp14152.

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Organs of C3 plants differ in their C isotopic signature (δ13C). In general, leaves are 13C-depleted relative to other organs. To investigate the development of spatial δ13C patterns, we induced different C allocation strategies by reducing light and nutrient availability for 12 months in the Mediterranean shrub Halimium halimifolium L. We measured morphological and physiological traits and the spatial δ13C variation among seven tissue classes during the experiment. A reduction of light (Low-L treatment) increased aboveground C allocation, plant height and specific leaf area. Reduced nutrient availability (Low-N treatment) enhanced C allocation into fine roots and reduced the spatial δ13C variation. In contrast, control and Low-L plants with high C allocation in new leaves showed a high δ13C variation within the plant (up to 2.5‰). The spatial δ13C variation was significantly correlated with the proportion of second-generation leaves from whole-plant biomass (R2 = 0.46). According to our results, isotope fractionation in dark respiration can influence the C isotope composition of plant tissues but cannot explain the entire spatial pattern seen. Our study indicates a foliar depletion in 13C during leaf development combined with export of relatively 13C-enriched C by mature source leaves as an important reason for the observed spatial δ13C pattern.
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Voronina, T. A. "Antioxidants/antihypoxants: the missing puzzle piece in effective pathogenetic therapy for COVID-19." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 2 (2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-2-97-102.

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This review focuses on the specific characteristics of COVID-19 disease, which leads not only to respiratory impairments (bronchoalveolar epithelium does not retain oxygen, etc.), but also decreases the level of hemoglobin and its ability to transfer oxygen to the organs and tissues and increases the level of heme, resulting in anoxemia, hypoxia in all organs and tissues, and oxidative stress. Mexidol, a drug developed in Russia, is widely used in clinical practice, including the treatment of diseases accompanied by ischemia and hypoxia. Mexidol has antihypoxic and antioxidant effects, can treat mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, thereby affecting the key processes in different cells of organs and tissues that develop due to hypoxia. Mexidol can be useful in the comprehensive therapy of patients with COVID-19. Key words: COVID-19, antioxidant, antihypoxant, hemoglobin, hypoxia, Mexidol, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress
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Aydın qızı Abbasova, Yeganə, Gülnarə Salam qızı Məmmədova, İradə Arif qızı Məmmədxanova, Xırdaxanım Akif qızı Hacıyeva, Əhməd Aydın oğlu Nəsibov, and Mədinə Yunus qızı İsmayılova. "Clinical manifestation of corona in skin." SCIENTIFIC WORK 67, no. 06 (June 21, 2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/67/30-33.

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According to the WHO, COVID-19 infection initially infects organs and tissues of the respiratory system and mainly manifests itself in the following symptoms - dry cough, fever, runny nose and seizures, loss of sense of smell and taste weakness, chest pain cramps, pneumonia, etc. However, as the area of the coronavirus expands and the rate of spread increases, signs of this dangerous infection can be found not only in the respiratory system but also in other organs, including the skin. angioedema, marble skin, skin rashes and pus, spots reminiscent of frostbite, etc. Key words: COVİD-19 infection,skin manifestation, frostbite spots, respiratory system
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Sharafislamov, F. Sh. "Closing the defect of the inferior vena cava above the renal veins by moving the lower part of it." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 1 (October 17, 2021): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj83043.

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Resection of a part of the middle part of the inferior vena cava, located between the renal and hepatic veins, has to be performed when tumors from nearby organs and tissues grow into it. So, for example, kidney tumors in 13-15% of cases grow into the wall of the inferior vena cava (SP Fedorov, Israel, etc.).
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Santiagu, John, Devadoss Delinta, Asirvatham Ajila, Annamalai Selvam, Senthamarai Muthukumaran, and Susai Rajendran. "Electrochemical behavior of various implantation biomaterials in the presence of various simulated body fluids: An overview." Zastita materijala 62, no. 3 (2021): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2103213m.

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In Modern medicine, metals and alloys are being used as implants. The Corrosion behaviour of various biomaterials under artificial body fluids are being studied. Artificial biomaterials are being implanted inside the human body to replace bone, teeth, etc. Even organs are being medically substituted with different types of metals such as mild steel, carbon steel, Ni-Cr alloy, Fe-Cr alloy, 22 carat Gold,24 carat Gold Tin, etc. due to their biocompatibility. This is achieved by connecting these metals directly with body tissues. The metals tend to corrode when it gets in contact with human body fluids. The body fluids thereby come in direct contact with tissues and the tissues are in contact with the metal thus causing the metal to corrode. And hence the corrosion resistance studies such as polarisation, AC impedance, cyclic voltammetric studies, etc, are being conducted in a medium like artificial blood plasma, artificial urine, artificial salvia, artificial sweat, Hank solution, Ringer solution, etc. The different body fluids are examined in the presence of different implantation metals by electrochemical methods and protective films are formed which are analyzed by various surface analysis techniques such as AFM, FTIR-UV, SEM, etc. The research findings will thereby be very helpful to the medical field.
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Vuerich, Marco, Riccardo Braidotti, Paolo Sivilotti, Giorgio Alberti, Valentino Casolo, Enrico Braidot, Francesco Boscutti, Alberto Calderan, and Elisa Petrussa. "Response of Merlot Grapevine to Drought Is Associated to Adjustments of Growth and Nonstructural Carbohydrates Allocation in above and Underground Organs." Water 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172336.

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Studying changes in partitioning of dry matter and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) content in both aboveground and underground perennial tissues in drought-affected grapevines could provide insights into plant response and carbon allocation strategies during stress periods. The analysis of soluble NSC and starch content in leaf petioles, due to their role in hydraulic segmentation, should also be considered. In the present research, these aspects have been investigated in Merlot grapevines grown in pots and subjected to progressive and increasing soil dehydration, and in well-irrigated vines. Drought conditions caused drastic reduction of shoot elongation and total plant leaf area development in favor of a greater biomass allocation and partitioning towards roots, where most of the NSC reserves were also conserved. Dry matter content of the perennial organs increased in stressed vines due to growth reduction, allocation of carbon reserves and possible anatomical modifications. Vines subjected to drought showed a higher NSC content in petioles, supporting the hypothesis that they are involved as compatible solutes in osmotic adjustments.
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Bezhenar, Roman, Kyeong Ok Kim, Vladimir Maderich, Govert de With, and Kyung Tae Jung. "Multi-compartment kinetic–allometric (MCKA) model of radionuclide bioaccumulation in marine fish." Biogeosciences 18, no. 8 (April 25, 2021): 2591–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2591-2021.

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Abstract. A model of the radionuclide accumulation in fish taking into account the contribution of different tissues and allometry is presented. The basic model assumptions are as follows. (i) A fish organism is represented by several compartments in which radionuclides are homogeneously distributed. (ii) The compartments correspond to three groups of organs or tissues: muscle, bones and organs (kidney, liver, gonads, etc.) differing in metabolic function. (iii) Two input compartments include gills absorbing contamination from water and digestive tract through which contaminated food is absorbed. (iv) The absorbed radionuclide is redistributed between organs or tissues according to their metabolic functions. (v) The elimination of assimilated elements from each group of organs or tissues differs, reflecting differences in specific tissues or organs in which elements were accumulated. (vi) The food and water uptake rates, elimination rate, and growth rate depend on the metabolic rate, which is scaled by fish mass to the 3/4 power. The analytical solutions of the system of model equations describing dynamics of the assimilation and elimination of 134Cs, 57Co, 60Co, 54Mn and 65Zn, which are preferably accumulated in different tissues, exhibited good agreement with the laboratory experiments. The developed multi-compartment kinetic–allometric model was embedded into the box model POSEIDON-R (Maderich et al., 2018b), which describes transport of radionuclides in water, accumulation in the sediment and transfer of radionuclides through the pelagic and benthic food webs. The POSEIDON-R model was applied for the simulation of the transport and fate of 60Co and 54Mn routinely released from Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) located on the Baltic Sea coast of Sweden and for calculation of 90Sr concentration in fish after the accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP. Computed concentrations of radionuclides in fish agree with the measurements much better than calculated using standard whole-body model and target tissue model. The model with the defined generic parameters could be used in different marine environments without calibration based on a posteriori information, which is important for emergency decision support systems.
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Belikova, Ksenia Michailovna. "Bioprinting and culture of tissues and organs in the BRICS countries (on the example of Brazil, India, China, and South Africa): approaches of legislation on intellectual property." Право и политика, no. 5 (May 2020): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.5.32826.

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This article examines the legal regulation of bioprinting (3D printing) and culture of tissues and organs in the BRICS countries through the prism of protection of intellectual property. The work demonstrates the means of protection of results acquired at each stage of bioprinting by the norms of copyright and patent law, as well as touches on the questions of the need (possibility) for patenting of “bioprinters”, “bioinks”, “biopapers”, etc. The goal of this research is to determine the necessary and possible boundaries for patenting (copyright law protection) of the means, products, processes and their moral-ethical acceptance in the society. The novelty of this work consists in a comprehensive analysis of the approaches of BRICS countries towards development, legal formalization and protection of bioprinting and culture of tissues and organs as medical and non-medical technologies from the perspective of intellectual property law. The author attempts to answer the question of (non)patentability of the process (means) and result (product) of bioprinting of tissues and organs, the “bioprinters” themselves, as well as the “bioinks” and “biopapers” they use. With regards to (non)patentability of tissues and organs acquired through 3D printing, a conclusion is made that there is an unfavorable environment for their patenting, though their production, in the author’s opinion, should the right to patenting providing that they meet the criteria (other conditions) set by patenting law of a particular country.
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Lapointe, Line, and Jean-Pierre Simon. "Allocation de biomasse et d'énergie chez deux espèces d'Aster (Asteracées) de milieux contrastants et chez leur hybride naturel." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 1687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-231.

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Patterns of allocation of biomass and calorie energy were investigated for 3 years in several populations of the following taxa: Aster acuminatus, A. nemoralis, and their natural hybrid Aster × blakei. Aster acuminatus, a forest understory species, allocates more biomass and energy to foliage and reproductive effort than the other two taxa. Aster nemoralis, a bog species, allocates more resources to stems and rhizomes than A. acuminatus and, although average total biomass values were lower, tissues had higher caloric values. For Aster × blakei, two groups of populations showing morphological introgression to either parent were also correlated with resource allocation patterns. Caloric and biomass resource allocation patterns of populations of the three taxa did not vary significantly over the 3-year study period, except for A. acuminatus where biomass was significantly lower in 1979 than in the other 2 years. Populations showing higher absolute biomass values had organs with lower energy values. However, when these values were expressed as percentages, the patterns of allocation of biomass and energy were not differentiated within each species. [Translated by the journal]
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Bibik, Nacheva, Grebenshchikov, Nesterok, and Dodonov. "BASES FOR METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO FORECASTING OF PATHOGENESIS PROCESSES IN THE TREMATODE BODY AFTER ANIMAL CHEMOTHERAPY." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.57-62.

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The prospect of effective deworming is associated with the study of the mechanism of action of anthelmintics on helminths, its organs and tissues. The long-term use of methodological approaches using histological, histochemical and morphometric methods for studying organs and tissues of different types of trematodes (fascioli, euritrem, opisthorchia, dicrocelia, paramphistoma, etc.) after the anthelmintics action is effective, since it allows you to establish the mechanism and drug action on helminths. Using these methods, morphophysiological shifts were identified in the organs and tissues of trematodes, the degree of which corresponded proportionally to the dose of the applied anthelmintic on the one hand, and was determined by the chemical structure of the drug itself and the duration of its exposure, on the other. The importance of the trematodocidal effect of anthelmintics is associated with the ovicidal effect and the blocking of the trematode reproduction in which the process of egg formation is disturbed. The egg pathology covers not only the destruction of the structure of their contents at the cellular level, but is also associated with the destruction of their genome. The cessation of the release of invasive material or the release of degenerative eggs into the environment after deworming contributes to the ecologic sterilization of the environment, and its sanitation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Allocation of organs, tissues, etc"

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Fisher, Karen Joan. "Allocating scarce resources an ethical case study of organ transplantation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Tsang, K. "Prioritization preferences for corneal transplantation allocation in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972226.

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Tsang, K., and 曾光. "Prioritization preferences for corneal transplantation allocation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972226.

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Van, den Berg Leon. "Organ and tissue donation and transplantation a perspective of South African Baptists from the Baptist Northern Association and its implications for preaching /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10022007-164428/.

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Lyle, Catherine Frances. "An embodiment critique of human tissue markets." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/C_Lyle_042209.pdf.

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Pummer-Verté, Lila. "Organ donation and transplantation /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12252.

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Greenwood, Gay. "The spaces within : a Foucaudian analysis of organ donation discourses /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg81652.pdf.

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Morton, Antoinette. "Development of a culturally relevant educational program for organ donation in the African American community." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p028-0241.

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Chudik, John D. "Human fetal tissue transplantation an Orthodox Christian ethical evaluation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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Cameron, Danielle. "Ethical and philosophical barriers to organ donation." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/712.

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Books on the topic "Allocation of organs, tissues, etc"

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Office, General Accounting. Organ transplants: Allocation policies include special protections for children : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, DC (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.

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Die Richtlinien der Organverteilung im Transplantationsgesetz, verfassungsgemäss? Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2011.

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Office, General Accounting. Organ transplants: Increased effort needed to boost supply and ensure equitable distribution of organs : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1993.

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1947-, Saint-Arnaud Jocelyne, ed. L' allocation des ressources rares en soins de santé: L'exemple de la transplantation d'organes : actes du colloque tenu les 14 et 15 mai 1996 à l'Université McGill dans le cadre du 64e congrès de l'Association canadienne-française pour l'avancement des sciences. Montréal: Acfas, 1997.

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Koch, Tom. The limits of principle: Deciding who lives and what dies. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1998.

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Hogle, Linda F. Recovering the nation's body: Cultural memory, medicine, and the politics of redemption. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1999.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Health, Education, and Human Services Division. Impact of organ allocation variances. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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United States. General Accounting Office. Health, Education, and Human Services Division. Impact of organ allocation variances. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 1995.

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Transplantation in New York State: The procurement and distribution of organs and tissues. New York, NY (33 West 34th St., New York 10001-3071): The Task Force, 1988.

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Putting patients first, increasing organ supply for transplantation: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health and Environment of the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, April 15, 1999. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Allocation of organs, tissues, etc"

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Sharma, Preeti, and Devershi Pallavi Bhatt. "Importance of Deep Learning Models in the Medical Imaging Field." In Approaches and Applications of Deep Learning in Virtual Medical Care, 1–23. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8929-8.ch001.

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Medical imaging applications like MRI, CT scan, x-ray, PET, ultrasound, etc. provide health experts fast and comprehensive information of the internal organs and tissues of the human body. MRI of the brain is used to get inside information of any sort of brain injury, tumor, stroke, or wound in a blood vessel. The complex structure of the brain makes it a challenging responsibility for the researcher to design a model to precisely segment the brain region from the skull and to find any abnormality in the tissue. This chapter helps to understand the importance of deep learning to perform segmentation on MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans of the brain by reviewing previous studies and also presents brief knowledge of different brain imaging techniques, digital image segmentation techniques, and deep learning.
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Rajalingam B., Priya R., Bhavani R., and Santhoshkumar R. "Image Fusion Techniques for Different Multimodality Medical Images Based on Various Conventional and Hybrid Algorithms for Disease Analysis." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 159–96. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2736-8.ch007.

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Image fusion is the process of combining two or more images to form a single fused image, which can provide more reliable and accurate information. Over the last few decades, medical imaging plays an important role in a large number of healthcare applications including diagnosis, treatment, etc. The different modalities of medical images contain complementary information of human organs and tissues, which help the physicians to diagnose the diseases. The multimodality medical images can provide limited information. These multimodality medical images cannot provide comprehensive and accurate information. This chapter proposed and examines some of the hybrid multimodality medical image fusion methods and discusses the most essential advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The hybrid multimodal medical image fusion algorithms are used to improve the quality of fused multimodality medical image. An experimental result of proposed hybrid fusion techniques provides the fused multimodal medical images of highest quality, shortest processing time, and best visualization.
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Rajalingam B., Priya R., Bhavani R., and Santhoshkumar R. "Image Fusion Techniques for Different Multimodality Medical Images Based on Various Conventional and Hybrid Algorithms for Disease Analysis." In Research Anthology on Improving Medical Imaging Techniques for Analysis and Intervention, 268–99. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7544-7.ch015.

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Image fusion is the process of combining two or more images to form a single fused image, which can provide more reliable and accurate information. Over the last few decades, medical imaging plays an important role in a large number of healthcare applications including diagnosis, treatment, etc. The different modalities of medical images contain complementary information of human organs and tissues, which help the physicians to diagnose the diseases. The multimodality medical images can provide limited information. These multimodality medical images cannot provide comprehensive and accurate information. This chapter proposed and examines some of the hybrid multimodality medical image fusion methods and discusses the most essential advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The hybrid multimodal medical image fusion algorithms are used to improve the quality of fused multimodality medical image. An experimental result of proposed hybrid fusion techniques provides the fused multimodal medical images of highest quality, shortest processing time, and best visualization.
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Conference papers on the topic "Allocation of organs, tissues, etc"

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Savchuk, N. V., E. G. Yurchenko, S. V. Vinogradova, and E. V. Porotikova. "Causative agents of Fusarium wilt of the reproductive organs of grapes. Ways of infection." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-45.

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The possibility of grapevines infecting with F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum at the flowering stage is proven. The methods of infection penetration can be different, both through injuring the conductive tissue of inflorescence (axes, ridges), and through flowers (in case of violation of the integrity of delicate tissues by the wind, agricultural tools, etc.). However, the damage caused to the plant by the disease in all these cases is almost the same.
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Figueroa, C. Alberto, Seungik Baek, Jay D. Humphrey, and Charles A. Taylor. "Incorporating the Effects of Variable Wall Properties in Large-Scale Deformable Models of the Cardiovascular System." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176686.

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Numerical simulation of blood flow in arteries has important applications in disciplines such as surgical planning, medical device design, and disease research. However, there are many challenges involved in accurately characterizing the motion of blood within the arterial system. First, computational models can require finite element meshes with several million degrees of freedom. Furthermore, surgical planning applications require solving these problems as quickly as possible. Second, the boundary conditions must faithfully represent the flow and pressure characteristics of the vascular trees external to the computational model. These conditions must also be consistent with the intrinsic wave propagation phenomena within the model. Third, the fluid-solid interactions between blood, vessel wall and surrounding tissues and organs need to be modeled. In order to represent the pulsation of blood within arteries, one must consider the variations in arterial compliance (especially significant when dealing with large models), points of attachment of the vessels to the surrounding organs, etc. Prior vascular fluid-structure interaction models have considered uniform vessel wall properties and a zero pressure reference state.
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Kannan, Surya, and Serhiy Souchelnytski. "Post-Translational Modifications of Albumin in Cancer – A Rich Source for Diagnostic and Monitoring of Treatment." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0171.

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Albumin is in contact with all cells in a body. This major protein in a plasma accesses all tissues and organs and has a number of different roles. Albumin was found to have more than 50 posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Some of the albumin PTMs showed correlation with tumorigenesis. Examples of PTMs of albumin are reported at www.phosphosite.org. Modifications like glycation of patients with breast cancer is seen higher as compared to healthy control. We hypothesize that several novel post-translational modification in albumin could be related to cancer and can be used as biomarkers. We performed mass spectrometry and 2D gel electrophoresis analysis of serum albumin for 32 most common PTMs. We identified most of these PTMs in albumin. We observed that human cancer cells affected PTMs profile of albumin. Examples of affected PTMs are phosphorylation, palmitolylation, geranyl- geranylation etc. We observed also differences in PTMs profiles of albumin from serum of a healthy person and cancer patient. O - GlcNAcylation, farnesylation, glutathionylation, S- nitrosylation etc PTMs were found to differ. Our data show that PTMs of albumin can be easily detected. Our trial with 32 PTMs can be expanded to detect up to a hundred known PTMs. These PTMs may correlate with cancer development, and may be used as markers in cancer diagnostic and prognostic.
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Seo, Yong Won, Ashirwad Chowriappa, Anand Abraham, Khurshid Guru, and Thenkurussi Kesavadas. "Methodology for Haptic Modeling of Trocar Insertion Procedure." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65013.

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Trocar insertion is the first step in laparoscopic surgery procedures. It is a difficult procedure to learn and practice because it is carried out almost entirely without any visual feedback of the organs underlying the tissues being punctured. A majority of injuries are attributed to excessive use of force by surgeons. So there is a need for a haptic based computer simulator to train and improve the trocar insertion skills. In this paper, a new methodology for the modeling of trocar insertion is proposed. First, trocar insertion data (force/torque, displacement, etc.) are collected from animal models. Based on this data, a material model is computed using a hyper-elastic finite element computation (FEM). Using the FEM model, tissue deformation of the abdominal wall is calculated off-line for various conditions of tissue puncture. Deformation data are used to train a neural network which is, in turn, used to compute a real time virtual trocar insertion simulation. Force feedback is also modeled based on clinical data and is integrated into the simulator. This novel method allows for precise trocar insertion simulation based on prior FEM offline computation. The proposed system was implemented in a laboratory environment.
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Reports on the topic "Allocation of organs, tissues, etc"

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Wolf, Shmuel, and William J. Lucas. Involvement of the TMV-MP in the Control of Carbon Metabolism and Partitioning in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570560.bard.

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The function of the 30-kilodalton movement protein (MP) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is to facilitate cell-to-cell movement of viral progeny in infected plants. Our earlier findings have indicated that this protein has a direct effect on plasmodesmal function. In addition, these studies demonstrated that constitutive expression of the TMV MP gene (under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter) in transgenic tobacco plants significantly affects carbon metabolism in source leaves and alters the biomass distribution between the various plant organs. The long-term goal of the proposed research was to better understand the factors controlling carbon translocation in plants. The specific objectives were: A) To introduce into tobacco and potato plants a virally-encoded (TMV-MP) gene that affects plasmodesmal functioning and photosynthate partitioning under tissue-specific promoters. B) To introduce into tobacco and potato plants the TMV-MP gene under the control of promoters which are tightly repressed by the Tn10-encoded Tet repressor, to enable the expression of the protein by external application of tetracycline. C) To explore the mechanism by which the TMV-MP interacts with the endogenous control o~ carbon allocation. Data obtained in our previous project together with the results of this current study established that the TMV-MP has pleiotropic effects when expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. In addition to its ability to increase the plasmodesmal size exclusion limit, it alters carbohydrate metabolism in source leaves and dry matter partitioning between the various plant organs, Expression of the TMV-MP in various tissues of transgenic potato plants indicated that sugars and starch levels in source leaves are reduced below those of control plants when the TMV-MP is expressed in green tissue only. However, when the TMV-MP was expressed predominantly in PP and CC, sugar and starch levels were raised above those of control plants. Perhaps the most significant result obtained from experiments performed on transgenic potato plants was the discovery that the influence of the TMV-MP on carbohydrate allocation within source leaves was under developmental control and was exerted only during tuber development. The complexity of the mode by which the TMV-MP exerts its effect on the process of carbohydrate allocation was further demonstrated when transgenic tobacco plants were subjected to environmental stresses such as drought stress and nutrients deficiencies, Collectively, these studies indicated that the influence of the TMV-MP on carbon allocation L the result of protein-protein interaction within the source tissue. Based on these results, together with the findings that plasmodesmata potentiate the cell-to-cell trafficking of viral and endogenous proteins and nucleoproteins complexes, we developed the theme that at the whole plant level, the phloem serves as an information superhighway. Such a long-distance communication system may utilize a new class of signaling molecules (proteins and/or RNA) to co-ordinate photosynthesis and carbon/nitrogen metabolism in source leaves with the complex growth requirements of the plant under the prevailing environmental conditions. The discovery that expression of viral MP in plants can induce precise changes in carbon metabolism and photoassimilate allocation, now provide a conceptual foundation for future studies aimed at elucidating the communication network responsible for integrating photosynthetic productivity with resource allocation at the whole-plant level. Such information will surely provide an understanding of how plants coordinate the essential physiological functions performed by distantly-separated organs. Identification of the proteins involved in mediating and controlling cell-to-cell transport, especially at the companion cell-sieve element boundary, will provide an important first step towards achieving this goal.
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2

Bercovier, Herve, and Ronald P. Hedrick. Diagnostic, eco-epidemiology and control of KHV, a new viral pathogen of koi and common carp. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695593.bard.

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Original objectives and revisions-The proposed research included these original objectives: field validation of diagnostic tests (PCR), the development and evaluation of new sensitive tools (LC-PCR/TaqManPCR, antibody detection by ELISA) including their use to study the ecology and the epidemiology of KHV (virus distribution in the environment and native cyprinids) and the carrier status of fish exposed experimentally or naturally to KHV (sites of virus replication and potential persistence or latency). In the course of the study we completed the genome sequence of KHV and developed a DNA array to study the expression of KHV genes in different conditions. Background to the topics-Mass mortality of koi or common carp has been observed in Israel, USA, Europe and Asia. These outbreaks have reduced exports of koi from Israel and have created fear about production, import, and movements of koi and have raised concerns about potential impacts on native cyprinid populations in the U.S.A. Major conclusions-A suite of new diagnostic tools was developed that included 3 PCR assays for detection of KHV DNA in cell culture and fish tissues and an ELISA assay capable of detecting anti-KHV antibodies in the serum of koi and common carp. The TKPCR assay developed during the grant has become an internationally accepted gold standard for detection of viral DNA. Additionally, the ELISA developed for detecting serum anti-KHV antibodies is now in wide use as a major nonlethal screening tool for evaluating virus status of koi and common carp populations. Real time PCR assays have been able to detect viral DNA in the internal organs of survivors of natural and wild type vaccine exposures at 1 and 10³ genome equivalents at 7 months after exposure. In addition, vaccinated fish were able to transmit the virus to naive fish. Potential control utilizing hybrids of goldfish and common carp for production demonstrated they were considerably more resistant than pure common carp or koi to both KHV (CyHV-3). There was no evidence that goldfish or other tested endemic cyprinids species were susceptible to KHV. The complete genomic sequencing of 3 strains from Japan, the USA, and Israel revealed a 295 kbp genome containing a 22 kbp terminal direct repeat encoding clear gene homologs to other fish herpesviruses in the family Herpesviridae. The genome encodes156 unique protein-coding genes, eight of which are duplicated in the terminal repeat. Four to seven genes are fragmented and the loss of these genes may be associated with the high virulence of the virus. Viral gene expression was studies by a newly developed chip which has allowed verification of transcription of most all hypothetical genes (ORFs) as well as their kinetics. Implications, both scientific and agricultural- The results from this study have immediate application for the control and management of KHV. The proposal provides elements key to disease management with improved diagnostic tools. Studies on the ecology of the virus also provide insights into management of the virus at the farms that farmers will be able to apply immediately to reduce risks of infections. Lastly, critical issues that surround present procedures used to create “resistant fish” must be be resolved (e.g. carriers, risks, etc.). Currently stamping out may be effective in eradicating the disease. The emerging disease caused by KHV continues to spread. With the economic importance of koi and carp and the vast international movements of koi for the hobby, this disease has the potential for even further spread. The results from our studies form a critical component of a comprehensive program to curtail this emerging pathogen at the local, regional and international levels.
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