Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alliages réfractaires – Fluage – Propriétés mécaniques'
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Facco, Antoine. "Développement d'un nouvel alliage austénitique résistant en fluage à forte teneur en Al : Relation microstructure/propriétés mécaniques/vieillissement." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR130.
Full textHeat resistant Fe-Ni-Cr austenitic stainless alloys are used in centrifugally cast tubes for cracking furnaces. These tubes undergo high temperatures (950-1150°C), low pressure (few bars) in a harsh environment (oxidation, carburization, coking, …). The current developments are focused on alloys with high Al-content in order to improve the environmental resistance thanks to the formation of a protective alumina scale. Nevertheless, Al is known to decrease the creep properties. The main goal is to understand the influence of the chemical composition especially the Al-content on the microstructure and the creep properties in order to propose a new creep-resistant alloy with high Al-content (>3.5wt.%). In this study, several aluminaforming austenitic alloys (AFA) were tested in creep and their microstructures characterized after solidification, after thermal ageing and after creep in order to make the link between creep properties and microstructures. This work showed: - The nature of primary Cr-carbides determines the creep resistance of these alloys in the high stress regime. - The secondary precipitation of M23C6 is crucial regarding the creep properties in the high stress regime but has low impact in the low stress regime. - The addition of high level of Y prevents the secondary precipitation of M23C6 despite the M7C3 transformation into M23C6. - The addition of high Al and Cr contents stabilizes the NiAl and α’ ductile phases at service temperature. The NiAl phase was identified as deleterious for the creep properties. These conclusions allowed to develop a method for chemical composition optimization of creep resistant austenitic alloy with high Al-content. The industrial aim consisting to develop alloys with high Al-content (>3.5wt.%) with good environment resistance while keeping good creep properties was filled and resulted in the development of the Manaurite® XAl4 currently commercialized by Manoir Industries
Ponnelle, Sylvain. "Propagation des fissures par fatigue a haute temperature dans l'Inconel 718 : effets de microstructure et de chargements complexes." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1003.
Full textAugustins-Lecallier, Isabelle. "Conception de nouveaux superalliages MdP base nickel pour disques de turbines." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00710579.
Full textIn order to upgrade the SNECMA M88 engine, new specifications were issued for the material of the parts that are currently made by forging and machining N18 superalloy, including, essentially, turbine discs. This study focuses on the development of new Nickel base polycrystalline superalloys which meet these specifications, i. E. Which generally exhibit mechanical properties and microstructural stability better than that of alloy N18, in spite of a significant reduction of the γ' volume fraction. Refering to the state of the art on the specific role of each of the various alloying elements and of heat treatments on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the superalloys, new compositions are explored. The microstructures of these experimental alloy compositions are analysed. Tensile, creep and crack propagation tests are performed in order to compare the properties of these new alloys with those of reference, industrially used, superalloys. Among the evaluated alloys, those exhibiting a remarkable tensile and creep resistance were examined by transmission electron microscopy in order to identify the various deformation mechanisms: an interpretation of the outstanding resistance to deformation is presented
Augustins-Lecallier, Isabelle. "Conception de nouveaux superalliages MdP base nickel pour disques de turbines." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00710579.
Full textThébaud, Louis. "Etude des relations entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques du nouveau superalliage base nickel AD730™." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0033/document.
Full textIn view of the turbine entry temperature evolution, the main challenge for metallurgists is to elaborate new alloys able to withstand higher temperatures while keeping great mechanical properties. Therefore, knowing the relationships between microstructural parameters and mechanical properties at high temperatures (700°C and more) is mandatory.The creep and dwell-fatigue durability as well as the damage mechanisms of AD730™, a new nickel base superalloy developed for turbine disks, have been analyzed. Several microstructural parameters were studied (grain boundaries, grain size, size and distribution of γ′ precipitates) as well as experimental parameters (temperature, environment, applied stress or dwell period). By using single crystalline specimens having the same chemical composition of the studied alloy, it has been shown unambiguously that single crystalline microstructures do not necessarily present better creep properties compared to polycristalline ones. This result is supposed to be caused by a grain boundary strengthening mechanism. Moreover, in creep at 700°C, it has been shown that the main viscoplasticity controlling parameters are the size and distribution of γ′ precipitates.An unexpected dwell-fatigue behavior has been observed for long hold times and in a specific applied stress window. This phenomena is attributed to a “Bauschinger type” effect, occurring during unloading phases
Giraud, Rémi. "Influence de l'histoire thermique sur les propriétés mécaniques à haute et très haute température du superalliage monocristallin CMSX-4®." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0005.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study of the isothermal and non-isothermal creep behavior in awide temperature range, and to the analysis of the microstructural evolution during differentthermomechanical paths on the superalloy single crystal, CMSX-4®. Moreover, the validationof a mechanical behavior model validation completes this work. This model takes intoaccount the microstructural evolutions (e.g. phase volume fraction, gamma-matrix channelwidth…) to predict the creep life. Additionally, the effect of the initial microstructure fromthe heat treatment has been investigated. It has been shown a strong impact of the as-receivedmicrostructure on the low temperature isothermal creep properties, and during non-isothermalcreep. A N-type rafted microstructure has been shown to be particularly detrimental to thenon-isothermal creep properties. Finally, the behavior of the CMSX-4® has been comparedwith the previous studies realized in the same conditions on other single crystal superalloysfor blades applications
Sazerat, Marjolaine. "Fabrication additive arc-fil (WAAM) pour la réparation de composants aéronautiques en Waspaloy : caractérisation microstructurale, mécanique et vieillissement métallurgique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESMA0024.
Full textCold Metal Transfer (CMT), a wire arc welding process, is being contemplated as a means of additive repair for large aeronautical components. This technology offers a high deposition rate with reduced heat input due to short-circuit material transfer. Its use would considerably reduce maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) times. Waspaloy, a γ' precipitation-hardened polycrystalline Ni-based superalloy, is commonly used in the hot sections of jet engines. It is, however, considered marginally weldable due to its high aluminum and titanium content. This particularity leads to a lack of data in the scientific literature on this material/process pair. This thesis work, carried out at the Institut P' and in collaboration with the MRO center of Safran Aircraft Engines (Châtellerault), was dedicated to the study of CMT Waspaloy. The first axis of analysis was the characterization, both microstructural and mechanical, of the material in its as-built state. The granular and dendritic structure is presented, as is the heterogeneous γ' precipitation between dendrite cores and interdendritic spaces. The chemical segregation responsible for this is highlighted, and the monotonic mechanical properties up to 850°C, through both tensile and creep testing, are evaluated. Then, with the intention of optimizing the out-of-equilibrium microstructure by a post-weld heat treatment different from that recommended for the wrought material, a second focus emerged around the thermal stability of CMT Waspaloy. γ' precipitation coarsening and aging kinetics are approximated using the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory. The formation of secondary phases is observed, with the identification of M23C6 carbides by their chemical and crystalline nature. Experimental time-temperature-transformation diagrams are established. The question of thermodynamic equilibrium is addressed through the application of a long ageing heat treatment, and numerically through Thermo-Calc® simulations. The effect of ageing on tensile and creep behavior is investigated, in comparison with as-built CMT Waspaloy and the reference wrought material. The links between the resulting properties and microstructural evolutions are highlighted. The mechanical strength of the interface between the wrought substrate and the CMT refurbishment is also investigated
Riallant, Fanny. "Modes d'endommagement à chaud du système AM1/NiAlPt/BT EBPVD : impact de la plasticité et interactions revêtement-substrat." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0008.
Full textThermal barrier coatings are widely used in the industry to enhance thermal performances and to decrease NOxemissions of aeronautic gas and electricity generating turbines. During this study, the system consisting of asingle crystal nickel based superalloy AMI (substrate), of a NiAIPt bondcoat and an yttria-stabilized zirconiatopcoat made by columnar EBPVD (Electron Bearn Phase Vapor Deposition) was studied. The aim ofthis thesiswas to characterize the damage mechanisms in conditions representative of those encountered in service on theprofile of high pressure turbine blades. To overcome the lack of data in the open literature, tests at differentlevels oftemperature and mechanicalloading has been made with the aim to decouple the various damage modesthat are involved in degradation of thermal barrier coatings. Thermomechanical testings such as isothermal creeptests, thermally cycled creep tests, low cycle fatigue with or without holding time have been made in thetemperature range 950°C-1200°C with conventional laboratory testing methods. They allowed to demonstratethe impact of the mechanical loading on the oxidation kinetics of the thermally grown oxide at IIOO°C(particularly during creep tests) but also a new delamination mode in the bond coat (near process defaults) in caseof high viscoplastic deformation rate of the substrate and the major role of interdiffusion between bondcoat andsubstrate on the low cyclic fatigue lifetime at 950°C. Finally, technological testings have also been realized onthe MAA TRE test bench
Mataveli, Suave Lorena. "High Temperature Durability of DS200+Hf Alloy." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0032/document.
Full textThe anisotropy in mechanical behavior of the directionally solidified DS200+Hf alloy and the damage mechanisms have been investigated between 650°C and1100°C. Single-crystalline specimens of the same alloy have also been used to get a better understanding of the anisotropy in mechanical properties and durability. Tension, creep, low-cycle fatigue (LCF), dwell-fatigue and crack propagation tests have been performed and analyzed by SEM observations to better understand the damage modes in this alloy. At 650°C, a considerable creep (and LCF) life anisotropy is observed while almost no anisotropy remains at 1100°C in creep. The γ rafting is mainly responsible for this decrease in creep anisotropy and for theincrease in creep rate in dwell-fatigue. An intergranular fracture mode has been observed for ail kind of solicitation along transverse direction, mainly due to the presence of grain boundary particles such as carbides. These carbides are also the main crack initiation sites in LCF at 650°C and at 900°C. At high temperature (900°C), oxidation not only controls the crack initiation mechanisms by inducing surface carbides cracking, but it also affects the crack propagation through a combined localized γ depletion and crack tip blunting, leading ove ra li to a higher crack propagation threshold. Such a behavior is not observed in high vacuum and surface carbides are no more the main crack initiation sites. lt is shown that at low temperature during transverse creep testing (750°C), highly misoriented grain boundaries, having one grain favorably oriented for single slip and lattice rotation, are the most critical ones
Chassaigne, Jean-Christophe. "Fissuration à hautes températures du superalliage base nickel N18 élaboré par métallurgie des poudres : Etude du couplage mécanique-environnement en pointe de fissure." Paris, ENMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMPA001.
Full textDiliberto, Sébastien. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'alliages réfractaires pour la fusion du verre : alliages MoWCr, alliages base Ni "bi-ODS"." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0089_DILIBERTO.pdf.
Full textElaboration of glass (fusion and working) is clone at very high temperatures. The refractory materials used in the corresponding industrial processes must satisfy three essential criteria (good resistance to corrosion by glass melts and to HT. Oxidation by air, good mechanical properties). Since some process temperature can exceed 1300°C, Ni or Co base alloys cannot be used in such cases. We have thus focused our study on chromia forming Mo and W base alloys (these two metals being known for their resistance to molten glass and their good mechanical properties at high temperature, chromia being very resistant to molten glass). The melting temperatures of the components are very different. Elaboration by melting techniques cannot be used; all syntheses have thug been clone by sintering of metallic powders, with palladium as an activating agent. The study of the mechanical properties and of the resistance to oxidation resistance of these alloys bas concerned a wide range of compositions. It was shown that the mechanical properties and the oxidation behaviour are closely related to the characteristics of diffusion in the alloys. Part of this work was thus devoted to the determination of the Cr-Mo-W temary phase diagram and to the diffusion coefficients of the elements. The study of the MoW base alloys oxidation properties bas evidenced the beneficial effect of a chromia dispersion in the alloy. By extension, this result led us to study new ODS Ni base alloy (MA758 type) with an original alloy concept ( "Bi-ODS" alloy containing two oxide dispersions), the behaviour of which is significantly improved as regards H. T. Oxidation and corrosion by molten glass
Cottura, Maeva. "Modélisation du champ de phase du couplage entre évolution microstucturale et propriétés mécaniques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066031.
Full textSolid state phase transformations in alloys produce a large variety of microstructures at the mesoscale. In the Phase Field framework, the influence of the mechanical driving forces i. E. Elastic and plastic, on microstructure evolution is analyzed. A major achievement of this work is the consideration, within a continuous modeling, of the consequences of the confinement of plasticity during microstructure evolution. First, it has been achieved by coupling a Phase Field Model to an isotropic strain gradient viscoplasticity model coming from generalized continuum mechanics. In a second step, the description of plasticity has been improved using a crystalline viscoplasticity-dislocations density based model. The model is applied to study microstructure evolution in Ni-based superalloys, more precisely, rafting during creep loading. Both models account for the change in mechanical behavior of the γ phase when the width of the γ channel evolves. However, for the [100] creep, the consequences of this phenomenon on the morphological evolution are moderate. Finally, a Phase Field Model has been developed to study the growth of acicular precipitates such as the ones observed in Ti-based alloys, characterized by Widmanstätten structures. We have shown that a strong elastic anisotropy can explain the stationary growth regime observed during isothermal aging
Devaux, Alexandre. "Etude de l'influence des traitements thermomécaniques et thermiques sur la microstructure et la tenue en fluage de l'alliage 718." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1477.
Full textThe aim of this study is to improve the creep properties of Alloy 718 used in turbine discs, without affecting the tensile and fatigue properties obtained with the standard thermomechanical treatment. In this context, an optimized two-stage solution heat treatment has been developed which partly dissolves the intergranular phase without causing the formation of coarse grains which impair fatigue performance. The higher volume fraction of ’’ precipitates improves the yield strength and creep properties over a wide temperature range, and fatigue properties are preserved by the fine-grained microstructure. The study of the direct aged thermomechanical treatment evidenced a creep behavior relatively different from those observed with other thermomechanical treatments, which suggests that different creep mechanisms are at play in the various conditions covered in this study. The different effects on the studied microstructures under greater and lesser stress and temperature variations confirm the presence of these creep mechanisms. This study also focuses on the kinetics of precipitation of the ’’ hardening phase. The study of the influence of the aging stages on ’’ phase precipitation and on the mechanical properties revealed that there are optimum precipitate sizes. This work also enabled us to analyze the creep behavior of Alloy 718 at high temperature by modeling, on the one hand, the influence of microstructural parameters on the minimum secondary creep rate and, on the other hand, the influence of precipitate coarsening during creep testing
Cervellon, Alice. "Propriétés en fatigue à grand et très grand nombre de cycles et à haute température des superalliages base nickel monogranulaires." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESMA0009/document.
Full textHigh and very high cycle fatigue properties of Ni-based single crystal superalloys have been studied at 1000°C using three frequencies (0.5, 70, 20000 Hz), four stress ratios (-1, 0.05, 0.3, 0.8) and CMSX-4 alloy as reference.Firstly, the very high cycle fatigue regime (VHCF) has been studied at 20 kHz. At R = -1, fatal crack always initiates between 106 and 109 cycles from an internal casting pore et then propagates in a crystallographic mode, despite the presence of other metallurgical defects such as eutectics and carbides. The elaboration process controls VHCF life under these conditions as it directly affects casting pore size, whereas microstructure has no relevant influence. At R = 0.8, creep controls VHCF life and makes this regime sensitive to microstructure and alloy’s chemical composition. Long term tests (> 109 cycles) have also been characterized and have enabled to propose a crack initiation mechanism operating in the VHCF regime.Secondly, the influence of frequency on time-dependent damages such as oxidation and creep, and their interaction, has been studied. At R ≤ 0, reducing frequency inhibits the harmfulness of internal critical defects by promoting oxidation surface damage. At R ≥ 0.8, creep damage leads to specimens rupture for all frequency test and loading conditions. Intermediate stress ratios present an important interaction between oxidation, fatigue and creep damage according to the frequency and loading conditions. Based on these observations, a damage model that predicts CMSX-4 fatigue life has been proposed and presents satisfying results in comparison to experimental data
Massard, Ludovic. "Etude du fluage de réfractaires électrofondus du système alumine-zircone-silice." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00150692.
Full textBoittin, Guylaine. "Expérimentation numérique pour l'aide à la spécification de la microstructure et des propriétés mécaniques d'un superalliage base Ni pour des applications moteurs." Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01248295.
Full textAn optimization loop allowing the optimization of the thermal treatment toward the fatigue life of the turbine disk in PM Ni-base superalloy N18 is built. This loop is constituted of three finite elements calculations and one post-processing of the fatigue life. The first calculation is a thermal calculation which allows the determination of the evolution of the temperature in each point of the disk. The second one is a calculation of the precipitation, which gives the microstructural parameters, i. E. The volume fraction and the size of the different population of precipitates. The third one is the calculation of the mechanical response of the disc to the service loading. The behavior in each Gauss point is a function of the microstructural parameters deduced from the second calculation. To build this loop, a model of precipitation was implemented in ZeBuLoN code and recalibrated for coarse grained N18. Moreover the influence of the intragranular microstructure on the fatigue behaviour was studied through specific mechanical tests performed at 450°C. This study shown the fatigue life function is a priori no dependant from the intragranular microstructure. But it has a very strong influence on the yield stress, which has a direct impact on the mean stress at the stabilised cycle. And the mean stress is one of the key parameters for the fatigue resistance of the material. A multiscale model was built to account for the role of the fine microstructure on the fatigue behaviour. The optimization loop is built with a phenomenological model and shows that a slower cooling, leading to a lower yield stress at the critical point of the disk allows to enhance the fatigue life. Meanwhile, the resistance to brsting also constitutes a major criterion for the design of the disc and this one requires a good mechanical resistance of the material
Sawan, Khaled. "Optimisation d'un outillage acier rechargé en superalliage pour forge à chaud." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0039.
Full textLilensten, Lola. "Etudes structurale et mécanique d'alliages réfractaires de haute entropie de configuration." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1132.
Full textHigh entropy alloys (HEA) are a new promising type of materials. Breaking with the traditional alloying concepts, solid solution(s) based on 5 elements in equiatomic concentration with simple crystal structures are obtained. In this study, the equiatomic composition TiZrNbHfTa is investigated, in order to provide an in-depth characterization of a “reference” body centered cubic refractory HEA.First, the microstructure and structure of the alloy are studied. Thermomechanical treatments procedures are established to access recrystallized microstructures. The local environment is studied by EXAFS in sub-components of the TiZrNbHfTa system. The double approach used, based on EXAFS fit and reverse Monte-Carlo coupled with evolutionary algorithm allowed to quantify both the mixing of the elements at the atomic scale and the lattice distortion. For all the investigated compositions, good mixing is achieved, and the distance distribution of first nearest neighbors becomes less precise with increasing atomic size mismatch.Then, the impact of such concentrated multi-element solid solution on the mechanical properties and the deformation mechanism of the material is investigated by specific tests. The activation volumes and the flow stress partition are extracted. The mechanical results are coupled with a TEM study. This part evidences that the alloy displays an impressive yield strength. However, the high lattice friction controlling the dislocation glide does not differ from classical bcc structures, leading to a rather low work hardening. A new design approach aiming at increasing the work-hardening in such materials is finally proposed, and a proof of concept is given
Bouhanek, Karima. "Oxydation à haute température de superalliages monocristallins." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT016G.
Full textJouiad, Mustapha. "Caractéristiques mécaniques et état d'ordre de la phase gamma de superalliages base nickel." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30193.
Full textHuleux, Vincent. "Comparaison des caractéristiques microstructurales et des propriétés en fluage de superalliages monocristallins à base de nickel de différentes générations." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM027.
Full textSingle-crystal nickel-based superalloys have been developed in order to increase the resistance of aeronautic turbine blades to high temperatures and stresses to improve their efficiency. The objective of this study is to increase knowledges about the role of the various alloying elements on microstructural stability and creep properties. Based on these considerations, chemical composition criteria can be established to meet to the next requirements for thermomechanical resistance in service.Five industrialized superalloys with different chemical compositions (from the first to the third generation) were tested: AM1, René N5, CMSX-4, CMSX-4 Plus et CMSX-10K. Temperatures of the creep tests have been chosen to cover the entire range of service temperature of these alloys. A detailed comparison has been performed, based on the microstructural evolutions and the deformation mechanisms occurring during these tests at various temperatures and under various stresses.The study focused on the analysis of the CMSX-4 Plus, a third-generation alloy which has been recently developed, and which shows remarkable high-temperature creep properties.We focused on:- the optimization of the heat treatment parameters for this alloy;- the analysis of the effect of the primary crystal misorientation on its creep resistance at low temperature and high stress;- the analysis of the evolution of γ' precipitates rafting, the formation of the dislocation network as well as the precipitation of TCP phases during creep at high temperature
Poubanne, Philippe. "Etude et modélisation du comportement mécanique d'un superalliage monocristallin pour aube de turbine." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0109.
Full textPinot, Laurence. "Comportement mecanique de materiaux composites a base pa-6 : effets de l'elastomere, du taux de fibres et de l'etat de l'interface fibre-matrice." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2003.
Full textBlotas, Elisabeth. "Influence du rapport Ti-Al sur l'évolution microstructurale, les propriétés mécaniques et notamment la ductilité de fluage de l'alliage 800 grade I (Z 5 NCTA 33-21)." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112066.
Full textThis work has been carried out on 5 bars of Alloy 800 grade 1 which differ in their titanium and aluminium contents. In the 550-600°C range, these materials are hardened by γ’-Ni₃ (Ti, Al) precipitation. The study of the characteristics of nucleation, growth and coarsening of γ’ and the simultaneous evolution of mechanical properties have shown that : - the degree of increase of hardness, proof and tensile strength, as well as creep strength, rise in relation to equivalent titanium content (Tie q = Ti free + Al/2+Si/16). – for a given volume fraction and mean radius of particles, all these increases are also related to the (Ti/Al) ratio of the particles themselves. – the creep ductility at 600°C is not appreciably affected and it is difficult to find a relationship between this property and the chemical composition, contrary to expectation
El, Ghachcham Amrani Abdellatif. "Alliages plomb-calcium-étain pour batteries : propriétés mécaniques-structures-résistance à la corrosion en milieu sulfurique : comparaison des plombs primaire et secondaire." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10043.
Full textLéglise, Mélissa. "Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques et chimiques de superalliages base nickel et base cobalt de fonderie utilisés pour le fibrage du verre fondu à 1000°C - 1100°C." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0228.
Full textThe fiberizing spinners used to produce the glass fibers undergo sizable mechanical, chemical and thermal solicitations. Therefore, this piece is degraded and must be periodically replaced. The purpose of these works is to increase the lifetime of the fiberizing spinners by improving the mechanical and chemical properties of the superalloys that constitute them. More precisely, the objective of this thesis is, in the first time, to improve the alloys used to fiberize at 1000°C, and in a second time, to find a superalloy that can fiberize at 1125°C. These works are focused on two families of superalloys: nickel-based and cobalt-based. The chemical properties are characterized by the thermogravimetry tests and the mechanical properties by 3 points flexural creep tests. For the Ni-based alloy, the influences of unwanted minority elements, Mn and Si, were studied. The mechanical properties of this alloy are subject to improvement tests by the addition titanium, zirconium, tantalum, hafnium and niobium. The aluminium addition was also experimented but with the aim of improving the chemical properties of the alloy. Finally, the studies were also driven on the addition of noble metals (Pd and Ru) and of rare earths (Y, La and Ce). Concerning the cobalt-based superalloys, the study focused on an alloy which has previously shown good general properties to be used at 1125°C and no at 1000°C. The versius with a lowered content in tantalum, without tungsten and without hafnium were studied. To close this work, the increase of nickel and a heat treatment were studied in order to improve the oxidation resistance of this second alloy
Espie, Laurent. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation numérique du comportement mécanique de monocristaux de superalliages." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP1365.
Full textRevel, Philippe. "Étude du comportement et de l'endommagement d'un superalliage base cobalt soumis à la fatigue thermique." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD395.
Full textLéglise, Mélissa. "Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques et chimiques de superalliages base nickel et base cobalt de fonderie utilisés pour le fibrage du verre fondu à 1000°C - 1100°C." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0228.
Full textThe fiberizing spinners used to produce the glass fibers undergo sizable mechanical, chemical and thermal solicitations. Therefore, this piece is degraded and must be periodically replaced. The purpose of these works is to increase the lifetime of the fiberizing spinners by improving the mechanical and chemical properties of the superalloys that constitute them. More precisely, the objective of this thesis is, in the first time, to improve the alloys used to fiberize at 1000°C, and in a second time, to find a superalloy that can fiberize at 1125°C. These works are focused on two families of superalloys: nickel-based and cobalt-based. The chemical properties are characterized by the thermogravimetry tests and the mechanical properties by 3 points flexural creep tests. For the Ni-based alloy, the influences of unwanted minority elements, Mn and Si, were studied. The mechanical properties of this alloy are subject to improvement tests by the addition titanium, zirconium, tantalum, hafnium and niobium. The aluminium addition was also experimented but with the aim of improving the chemical properties of the alloy. Finally, the studies were also driven on the addition of noble metals (Pd and Ru) and of rare earths (Y, La and Ce). Concerning the cobalt-based superalloys, the study focused on an alloy which has previously shown good general properties to be used at 1125°C and no at 1000°C. The versius with a lowered content in tantalum, without tungsten and without hafnium were studied. To close this work, the increase of nickel and a heat treatment were studied in order to improve the oxidation resistance of this second alloy
Lee, Jiwon. "Novel fabrication of Alloy 625 and MCrAlY bond coat by laser powder bed fusion and microstructure control A novel approach to the production of NiCrAlY bond coat onto IN625 superalloy by selective laser melting Influence of heat treatments on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 processed by laser powder bed fusion A new observation of strain-induced grain boundary serration and its underlying mechanism in a Ni–20Cr binary model alloy Heat treatments design for superior high-temperature tensile properties of Alloy 625 produced by selective laser melting High temperature oxidation of NiCrAlY coated Alloy 625 manufactured by selective laser melting." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0008.
Full textIn this study, Alloy 625 was fabricated by one of the most commonly used additive manufacturing (AM) methods, laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), and its mechanical properties were evaluated at various temperatures. The L-PBF fabricated Alloy 625 showed high strength and relatively poor elongation. Thus, some heat treatments were applied to improve its performance. A solid-solution heat treatment with a temperature of more than 1000 °C was applied to the L-PBF Alloy 625, resulting in recrystallization because of high energy stored within the alloy attributed by high density of dislocations. This modified microstructure of the L-PBF Alloy 625 sample showed the required strength under tensile testing at room temperature (higher strength than wrought Alloy 625 and greater elongation than L-PBF as-built alloy). In view of enhancing mechanical properties at high temperature, a grain boundary serration (GBS) heat treatment was specifically designed for L-PBF Alloy 625. Because this was the first attempt to produce GBS in a high-Nb-content alloy, it was necessary to understand its mechanism first. To induce GBS, it is necessary for large solute atoms to move near the grain boundaries (GBs). Therefore, the GBS heat treatment was modified for application to the L-PBF Alloy 625. The specially designed GBS heat treatment successfully induced the zigzag patterns of serrated GBs for the first time. This GBS L-PBF Alloy 625 showed improved high-temperature mechanical properties in terms of increased ductility and elimination of the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect at elevated temperatures. To further improve the high-temperature property of the L-PBF Alloy 625, NiCrAlY bond coat was applied to the Alloy 625 substrate by the same method (L-PBF) for the first time to improve the efficiency of the production process and increase the resistance to oxidation. Although their different thermal properties led to many trials and errors in the manufacturing of the material, the optimal parameters for applying NiCrAlY bond coat deposition by L-PBF were set and verified to assess the potential for the process to be commercialized. The remelting characteristic of L-PBF induced good metallurgical bonding between the substrate and coating, which indicates good stability. The oxidation behavior of the NiCrAlY-coated Alloy 625 was characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal shock testing; the results indicated that the novel coated material had higher resistance to oxidation than bulk Alloy 625. Therefore, the GBS heat treatment together with efficient NiCrAlY coating can greatly improve the high-temperature mechanical properties of L-PBF manufactured Alloy 625
Dumont, Alice. "Effet des paramètres de traitements thermiques sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques d'un superalliage base nickel élaboré par métallurgie des poudres." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00963714.
Full textLe, Baillif Paul. "Prise en compte des évolutions de la précipitation gamma prime dans la modélisation du comportement mécanique en traction du PER72® au cours du traitement thermique : application à la prévision des contraintes résiduelles après trempe." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0013.
Full textPER72® is a nickel-base superalloys developed by Aubert & Duval. This alloy is used in helicopter engine turbine disk manufacturing. During the elaboration, a heat treatment provides the alloy his good mechanical properties, but it can also be at the origin of residual stress that can affect the disk capabilities.The objective of this work is to study the heat treatment and formulate mechanical behaviour law in order to estimate residual stress generated during the process. The heat treatment conditions are studied. On one hand, the effect of cooling rate on mechanical properties is investigated. On the other hand, for each studied cooling rate, the quench is interrupted at a testing temperature to carry out a tensile test. A special testing device has been developed in order to carry out the heat treatment of alloy specimens directly on the testing machine. Moreover, for each testing condition, the microstructure is characterized. In particular, precipitate size and volume fraction have been measured. The first objective is to understand the influence of quenching conditions on mechanical properties and microstructure. A link between the microstructure and the mechanical properties is then discussed. Finally, a thermo-mechanical behaviour law is formulated. This model takes the identified microstructural parameters into account
Revaud, Meriadeg. "Optimisation métallurgique du superalliage à base de Nickel 718Plus." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00957905.
Full textConrath, Élodie. "Élaboration et caractérisation de superalliages base chrome pour utilisation lors du fibrage centrifuge du verre à très haute température." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0018.
Full textThe TEL process is used to produce glass wool at very high temperature. The main piece of this process is the “spinner”, which is exposed, in service, to numerous operating constraints (oxidation, corrosion, erosion and creep). This spinner is currently made of cobalt- or nickel-based superalloys and is fabricated by casting. To fiberize new glasses or to increase the current maximal fiberizing temperature, a new type of superalloy is required. Chromium is an ideal candidate to be the principal element of a new superalloy because of its very high melting point and its ability to develop a chromia protective scale against oxidation and corrosion at high temperature, reason for which it is usually added to many classical superalloys. During this Ph.D work, the synthesis and the study of more than a hundred of chromium-based alloys with different chemical compositions was done by casting. These alloys are brittle at room temperature during their cutting. Laboratory tests of hardness at room temperature, oxidation and 3 points flexural creep at high temperature were performed. Metallographic characterisations were carried out (XRD, SEM, EPMA) on all alloys in their as-cast state, after isothermal annealing or isothermal oxidation. The detailed study of simple alloys permitted to discover some compositions removing the brittleness problem of these alloys. Then, the enrichment of the composition of the alloys by addition of new elements, allowed to correct some inherent problems of chromium-based alloys
Brien, Valérie. "Etude par microscopie électronique en transmission des mécanismes de déformation d'un superalliage à base de nickel en fatigue oligocyclique à haute température." Paris 11, 1995. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02985973.
Full textIn order to understand the structural mechanisms of deformation in low cycle fatigued single-crystal superalloys, total deformation imposed with R epsilon = εmin / εmax= 0 or -1, according to crystallographic axis <001> tests were carried out tests at 950 °C (1223K), at the frequency 0. 25Hz. In R epsilon = 0 fatigue, we derive a general behaviour of the microstructures of deformation according to two parameters which are the total deformation imposed and the number of cycles. Thus, a simple tension causes the localization of dislocation networks at matrix/precipitated interfaces perpendicular to <001> so that excited dislocations are those that relax the parametric deviation. The greater the total deformation imposed or the greater the number of cycles, the more homogeneous the deformation spreads out to the vertical channels. Dislocations reduce the parametric misfit between the two phases. Type N coarsening is observed at 200 cycles for small amounts of total deformation imposed. In R epsilon = -1 fatigue, we show that compression deforms the vertical channels without the formation of networks since only one deformation glide sliding system is excited. Tension always deforms the horizontal channels in the same manner as in repeated fatigue. We also show that N type coarsening (identical to that obtained in tension creep for this type of superalloy) occurs very fast, as soon as 115 cycles. The synthesis of these results, enriched with considerations on the internal stresses (coherence stresses and stresses due to parametric deviation/misfit) allowed us to propose a model of behaviour that predicts (whether in fatigue R epsilon = 0, R epsilon = -1, in tension or compression) the nature and location of the active gliding systems as well as the qualitative distribution of the internal stresses of the superalloy
Tréhorel, Roxane. "Comportement mécanique haute température du superalliage monocristallin AM1 : étude in situ par une nouvelle technique de diffraction en rayonnement synchrotron." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0055/document.
Full textNickel-based single crystal superalloys are extensively used for turbines blades (above 1000°C) of aeronautical engines because of their good thermomechanical properties. During stage II of creep, their microstructure consists of a γ matrix (fcc) and raft precipitates γ’ (L12). The aim of this work is to improve the understanding of plasticity of this type of alloy, especially the first generation AM1 superalloy. To follow his mechanical behaviour during fast transients, a new experimental setup using synchrotron radiation diffraction in transmission geometry was developed. A far field camera allows the recording of the (200) diffraction spot of each phase, i.e. the evolution of the lattice misfit in real time (one acquisition takes 7 seconds). By using a simple mechanical model, it is possible to determine the internal stresses and the plastic strains for both phases. An experimental campaign was performed at ID11 beamline of ESRF using this new technique. Two sample types with different initial microstructure (obtained with adapted heat treatments) were tested in situ. They underwent load jumps under high-temperature creep conditions. Further post mortem investigations by SEM and TEM were performed to determine their microstructure, to check on misorientations, map some elements composition and estimate the dislocation density within the γ’ rafts. In the γ channels, dislocation propagation occurred when the Von Mises stress was larger than the Orowan stress. The mobile dislocations density increases with γ plastic strain. The limiting mechanism for γ’ plastic strain is presumably the entry of dislocation within the γ’ rafts. Under this assumption we deduce the mechanisms of interactions between dislocations, vacancies, and pores within the material, and the mechanical behaviour of the γ’ rafts
Le, Graverend Jean-Briac. "Etude et modélisation des effets d'incursion à très haute température sur le comportement mécanique d'un superalliage monocristallin pour aubes de turbine." Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834830.
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