Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alliages poreux'
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Campesi, Renato. "Synthèse, caractérisation et étude des propriétés thermodynamiques d'hydrogénation de nanocomposites matériaux poreux / métaux-alliages." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461689.
Full textLemaire, Samuel. "Intérêt des alliages poreux en dentisterie : application au cas d’une prothèse transvissée sur quatre implants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0096.
Full textThe All-on-Four® concept, introduced at the end of the 20th century, is a restorative solution for totally edentulous patients using an implant-supported prosthesis with only four implants. This method permits avoiding specific anatomical areas, thereby minimizing the need for complex surgery and the costs associated with bone grafting for mandibular treatment. Conventional treatment uses a monolithic titanium prosthetic framework, whose high stiffness limits the natural kinematics of the mandible and can lead to various implant complications. Several cases of early failure have been reported in the literature, including loosening of implants, fracture of resin cosmetics (false gingiva and false teeth) or prosthetic components (fixation elements, screws, abutments). Some fractures of the metal prosthetic framework have also been observed. Furthermore, biological complications can occur at the bone-implant interface, such as peri-implantitis. To prevent these complications, this PhD proposal will focus on improving the prosthetic concept at mandibular level, in the direction of a better biomimicry. The goal is to reduce the stiffness of the prosthetic framework by introducing porosities into the material, using a BCC-type lattice structure. The contribution of metal additive manufacturing (SLM) is considered in order to manufacture this type of lattice structure. To examine the alternative solution proposed in this work, a finite element numerical model was developed to simulate as closely as possible the physiological conditions of three masticatory phases. A comparative study was carried out between the alternative solution and the conventional solution, using the mandible without prosthesis as a reference. A study of the in-service strength of the alternative prosthetic solution is also proposed. The results show that the alternative solution provides a more effective solution for preserving the natural movements of the mandible, thus improving the durability and functionality of the prosthesis by assuming a biomimetic approach. Finally, this solution is part of a patient-centered treatment approach and could offer a fully customized prosthesis, from the dentist's office to the machining center
Campesi, Renato Latroche Michel. "Synthèse, caractérisation et étude des propriétés thermodynamiques d'hydrogénation de nanocomposites matériaux poreux / métaux-alliages." S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0494516.pdf.
Full textCanaby, Jean-Luc. "Soudabilité d'alliages aluminium-lithium : propriétés des joints et recherche des causes de la porosité." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30188.
Full textGrand-Clément, Zwilling Valérie. "Mécanisme de croissance de films anodiques compacts et poreux sur titane et alliages en milieux chromiques." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0802.
Full textEvtimova, Jenny Borisova. "Modélisation des alliages à base de vanadium et des matériaux poreux cristallins utilisés comme membranes de séparation de gaz." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT214/document.
Full textIn this study, we propose procedures based on computational calculations and theoretical models that can be used to predict the behaviour of some of the membrane materials of interest for gas separation applications. In particular, we focus on: i) body-centred cubic VNiTi alloys as novel materials for H2-selective dense membranes and ii) crystalline porous materials that are attractive media for separation of light gases such as H2, O2, CO, CO2, CH4 and N2. These two types of materials are treated using different methodologies, adapted to the needs of our research objectives associated to each material.In the case of dense metal membranes, the long-standing controversy over occupancy of interstitial hydrogen in V-based alloys is addressed. The V-Ni-Ti system is of particular interest here, exhibiting high H2 permeability and improved mechanical properties relative to pure V. This work intends to gain understanding of hydrogen-metal interactions as function of alloy composition and thereby to optimize these new materials and advance their development as novel membranes for H2 separation. We use a first-principles approach that gives insights into the sites preference of hydrogen and assesses the role of Ti and Ni substitutional solutes for the hydrogen absorption affinity. The method based on Density Functional Theory requires no experimental input except crystal structure information. Furthermore, it uses no empirical or fitting parameters in contrast to other computational techniques. Hence this approach provides an alternative way to explore new metal alloys for H2 separation membranes. The applied methodology can be used further in high-throughput calculations to screen various alloy compositions. The hereto-reported results will be used as guidance for tailoring the formulation of VNiTi solid solutions and preparation of low cost dense alloy membranes in the frame of other projects (e.g. European DEMCAMER project).Further, we explore how single-component inputs can be used to forecast the ideal selectivity towards light gases of crystalline porous materials, used for membrane preparation. Theoretical models for describing gas separation properties of zeotype materials as function of structural characteristics and operation conditions are proposed. The model parameters can be obtained as experimentally as well as computationally. To analyse the extent of validity and limitations of the models, ideal selectivities of few crystalline porous materials are evaluated, including widely used zeolites (NaA, CaA) and a metal organic framework structure (ZIF-8). The results verified that the theoretical expressions could be used for screening series of zeotype materials when reliable single gas adsorption data are available. However, since the models don’t take into account all parameters (namely related to the membrane design) and mechanisms involved in gas transport through porous membranes, their predictions should be considered as values referring to an ideal case
Tihay, Fanny. "Synthèse de nanoparticules magnétiques par décomposition de clusters bi-métalliques, en matrice se silice mésoporeuse." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13158.
Full textWe have synthesized and characterized silica supported nanoparticles. The metallic precursors were tetrahedral carbonyl clusters of the type [CoxRu(4-x)(CO)12]n-, where x = 4 to 1, et n = 0 or 1. Two matrices have been employed : xérogels, where the pores are disordered and MCM-41, where the pores are arranged in an hexagonal array. The incorporation of the cluster to the matrices have been done by impregnation and by grafting. After thermal treatments, nanoparticles appear. They have been characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, X-Ray and electron diffraction, and by their magnetic properties. In every cases, the spatial distribution, and the size distribution of the particles are better into the organized matrix than in the xérogel. When the cluster is incorporated by impregnation, two populations of particles are observed : small ones, with a diameter equivalent to the pores' (2 nm), that do not grow with increasing temperatures of treatment, and bigger ones ( up to 50 nm) that grow on the defects of the matrices. We have shown that a segregation appears. At the beginning of the thermal treatment, pure Co and Ru nanoparticles appear, then there is interdiffusion of the metals to form alloys with the same stoichiometry than the initial cluster. When the cluster Co4(CO)10(æ-dppa) is grafted to the matrices by a modified alcoxyde, containing a phosphine group, 6 nm Co2P nanoparticles are obtained after a thermal treatment at 900 ʿC under H2. This intermetallic compound is obtained at much lower temperature than if the precursors are simply mixed
Rerbal, Kamila. "Etats électroniques localisés dans a-Si1-xCx:H massif et poreux: Spectroscopie IR et photoluminescence." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000809.
Full textRerbal, Kamila. "Etats électroniques localisés dans a-Sil-xCx:H massif et poreux : Spectroscopie IR et photoluminescence." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPXX0044.
Full textCaubert, Florent. "Etude de l'imprégnation électrophorétique, en milieu aqueux, de nanoparticules de boehmite, en vue du colmatage d'un film anodique poreux sur alliage d'aluminium 1050." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30394/document.
Full textAluminum parts are widely used in the aeronautical field because of their good mechanical properties. But they require a surface treatment to improve their resistance to corrosion. Subject to new standards on the use of chemicals and awareness of environmental and human protection, the aeronautical industry must now replace current surface treatment processes, which have become obsolete because they include CMR compounds. The aim of this research is to develop a surface treatment, both innovative and REACH compliant, to improve the anticorrosion properties of aluminum alloys; the process here studied, is composed of a porous anodization and a sealing by impregnation of particles within the pores. A "model" porous anodic film was first prepared and characterized: its thickness is 10 µm, while the pores are straight and have a mean diameter of 120 nm. Then, we studied the aqueous synthesis of boehmite nanoparticles; the optimization of the synthesis parameters finally allowed to obtain a particle size smaller than the pore diameter. Two incorporation techniques were then tested: dip-coating and electrophoresis. The understanding of the involved mechanisms and of the influence of different operating parameters, allowed a control of the processes and the effective insertion of particles. In particular, microstructural characterizations showed that the particle insertion is easier using pulsed voltage electrophoresis. Finally, a hydrothermal post-treatment after the impregnation, allowed to obtain a complete sealing of the anodic film pores, and to significantly increase the anticorrosion properties
Lu, Bin. "Réalisation de périphéries innovantes de TRIAC par thermomigration d'aluminium et insertion de silicium poreux." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4009/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the study, the realization and the testing of “Planar” type TRIAC with novel peripheries. The aim of this research is to shrink the device periphery while maintaining the same level of blocking performances. Two paths of innovation have been pursued: one concerning Al-Si thermomigration for the production of through-wafer isolation walls, and the other involving porous silicon and its integration in the isolation walls. Al-Si thermomigration is an attractive mean allowing to replace conventional diffusion technologies. However, several remaining issues, such as the removal of the unintentional residues and the ball formation phenomenon, block its commercial application. Two different etching procedures have been developed in order to selectively remove all residues. The origin of the ball phenomenon has been analyzed using experimental observations and numerical modeling. By using a new pattern including square holes at intersections, encouraging results have been demonstrated in spite of an optimizable thermal uniformity. The second way of innovation is to take advantage of the dielectric properties of the porous silicon. A fluoropolymer masking process has been developed for local porous silicon formation. The appropriate anodization conditions have been determined. The characterization results showed improved blocking performances compared to the previous study. Although the necessary voltage requirements are not met, leakage currents of less than 10 μA have been observed up to several hundred volts
Truyen, Dimitri. "Elaboration par voie sol-gel de revêtements catalytiques sur substrat métallique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/615/.
Full textThe aim of the study was to elaborate metallic supported catalysts by sol-gel route stable at high temperature (< 700°C). Both oxydes TiO2 and Zr0. 5Ce0. 5O2 have been studied. The study was mainly to synthesize an oxyde used as support and having a high surface and a high porosity. From stable colloïdal sols, we pointed out the interest to perform nanometric particles and to stabilize TiO2 anatase phase in order to keep small size cristallized domains. The influence of a polymer has been shown to decrease the sintering phenomenon and so to increase the porosity of the oxyde. Interactions between particles in sols are of great importance because they involve particular stacking of the particles during gelification and after calcination. The interactions between particles are different according to the ionic strength and pH of the medium. In order to decrease the sintering phenomenon, alumina nanoparticles have been added and used as steric barriers between ceria-zirconia particles. We defined several systems of interactions to elaborate a porous stacking with a high surface area. Particles size and porosity analysis have been performed to suggest stacking models. Several catalysts have been prepared using Rh, Ru, Pt according to different formulations in order to obtain adherent catalytic films deposited onto stainless steel substrate. Then, catalysts have been tested for complete CO oxidation reaction and best results have been measured for Zr0. 5Ce0. 5O2 - Pt deposited catalyst
Vermesse, Eric. "Étude de l'influence du décapage et d'anodisations compacte et poreuse sur l'intégrité de surface et la résistance en fatigue de l'alliage de titane TA6V." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4354/.
Full textTitanium alloys are increasingly used in lots of fields like aeronautic, prosthesis or building. These pieces are often subjected to mechanical stresses and notably fatigue stress. Furthermore, anodization treatments are commonly applied to increase surface properties like paint adhesion, osteointegration or colouring. However, some recent studies on aluminium and titanium alloys demonstrated the detrimental influence of anodization process on the fatigue resistance. Thus, it is interesting to investigate the effect of anodization on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys fatigue resistance and finally understand how these treatments influence this mechanical property. In this work, the effect of pickling pretreatment then two types of anodization (compact and nanotubular) on fatigue resistance and on surface are analyzed. Studied surface characteristics are microstructure, presence of embrittling species (hydrogen and oxygen), morphology (roughness and local Kt) and residual stress. Fatigue tests present some decrease of fatigue resistance after the pickling treatment but also after each anodization treatments. In pickling case, the key surface characteristic is still hard to highlight even if effect of microstructure and absorption of hydrogen or oxygen can be discarded. In compact anodization case, residual stresses seem to be key surface characteristic. Finally, the microcracking of nanotubular anodic film seems to induce an easier crack nucleation and explain the decrease of fatigue resistance after the nanotubular anodization
Medina, Elise. "Synthèse de revêtements anticorrosion par voie sol-gel pour la protection de l’alliage 2024 T3. Caractérisation par spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique et ellipsométrie in situ." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS673.
Full textAluminum alloy 2024 T3 is widely used in the aeronautical field due to its high weight-to-strength ratio. However, such material is particularly sensitive to corrosion because of its heterogeneous structure. To protect these alloys, the current strategy is to use a three layer stack doped with CrVI based corrosion inhibitors. Nevertheless, those substances are highly toxic. Therefore, their replacement has become a critical issue for the aircraft industry. In this context, synthesis and characterization of new protective coatings are particularly important. The objective of this work is thus to study materials evolution and corrosion phenomena using in situ ellipsometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Coupling those tow techniques provides new insights to understand the relationship between coating synthesis, microstructure, durability and anticorrosion properties. On one hand, a study has been done on hybrid hydrophobic layers to enhance barrier properties. On the other hand, mesostructured layers, potential matrix for anticorrosion inhibitors have been studied. The final goal is to couple those two materials in a multi-layer system in order to optimize anticorrosion properties
Marcinkowska, Malgorzata. "Elaboration and characterization of mechanical properties of ceramic composites with controlled architecture." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI021/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis was to develop and characterize the microstructure and the mechanical properties of bioinspired ceramic composites. Nacre-like alumina fabricated by freeze-casting previously developed in Bouville thesis was chosen as a reference material. Simplifying and up-scaling material fabrication was intended. Architectural levels were added to the microstructure to further improve mechanical properties of the material. Sophisticated processing by freeze-casting was substituted by uniaxial pressing. Electron backscatter diffraction observations confirmed the good alignment of alumina platelets used to prepare the material. The field assisted sintering cycle was adapted to greater quantities of ceramic powder and organic additives. The second part of the project was dedicated to the modification of the interphase between alumina platelets. Various possibilities were explored: adding fine zirconia powder, depositing zirconia on the platelets by sol-gel reaction, or substituting the glassy phase by graphene. All obtained materials were characterized by four point bending on notched bars. The third part of this study was focused on the development of multilayered metal/ceramic composites, by simultaneous sintering of alumina and titanium. The titanium foil thickness and composition were varied. The composites were characterized by SEM, EBSD, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray tomography. Detailed microstructural and chemical characterization was performed to understand mechanisms of titanium diffusion into ceramic matrix. Simplified material fabrication allows to prepare larger samples of nacre-like ceramics. However grain growth should be limited to maintain good mechanical properties. Modification of the interphase between alumina platelets did not improve mechanical properties of the materials as compared to the reference material. On the other hand, depositing nano-zirconia on platelets surface seems promising and should be further investigated. In case of alumina/titanium composites, a multiscale architecture composites were process in a rather simple way. However, avoiding metal foil cracking is crucial to improve mechanical properties
Gourbeyre, Yannick. "Comportement vis-à-vis de la corrosion électrochimique d'un revêtement duplex, utilisé pour protéger les canalisations enterrées en fonte : élaboration d'un modèle physique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0956.
Full textThe research of tests permitting to qualify protective coatings applied on buried pipelines was performed on two kinds of metallic deposit covered by a finishing organic coating : zinc + bituminous paint, zinc-aluminium (85-15% in weight) + epoxy paint. In this work, an important structure complexity of phase distributions was revealed inside of the investigated materials. This one results from the industrial process (projection by electric bow) and creates also a complexity of the interpretation of the electrochemical results. The “soil” environment was represented by a simple but aggresive solution (NaCl 6 g. L-1). The incident defects, resulting from the set up of the pipelines were simulated by a notch by which means the cast iron substrate was achieved. A physico-chemical model, expressing the electrochemical reactions of the duplex system, was established in terms of the porous electrode theory and with help of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A healing effect of the corrosion products of the metallic deposit was evaluated. It proves that the corrosion mechanisms are faster for the Zn+bituminous paint coating than the Zn+Al+epoxy paint coating. Consequently, Zn-Al+epoxy paint coating is a more efficient corrosion protection for longer immersion time in the chosen environment
Martin, Christophe. "Rhéologie et structure d'un alliage modèle Sn-Pb à l'état semi-solide." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0128.
Full textDemouge, Annabelle. "Étude galvanomagnétique de l'alliage semi-métallique Bi-Sb (4 at. % Sb) entre 77 K et 300 K." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_DEMOUGE_A.pdf.
Full textÖzeri̇m, beki̇loğlu Gülcan. "Experimental analysis and modeling of porous NiTi shape memory alloys." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAE023.
Full textExperiments show that porosity brings new features to NiTi shape memory alloys such as low stiffness and density. The bio-compatible porous NiTi, especially with the pseudoelastic behavior, has a great potential for implant applications in the human body. Although different techniques are provided in the literature for manufacturing NiTi samples, the subject is still open for further investigation to achieve superior shape memory characteristics from the material. Based on this, the aim of the PhD thesis is to analyze and model the mechanical behavior of porous NiTi shape memory alloys.Porous NiTi compacts were produced using spark plasma sintering (SPS), and tested under uniaxial compression to observe the pseudoelasticity and shape memory effect. After sintering, the samples did not show the expected pseudoelastic behavior, and they were subjected to further heat treatment and characterization. A wide range of homogenization and/or aging were applied at different temperatures and duration, and the effect of heat treatment on the pseudoelastic behavior of SPSed NiTi was investigated systematically. Transformation behavior was observed using differential scanningcalorimetry, and phase composition was identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). These characterizations gave an insight into the micro-structure of the SPSed samples after heat treatment. Then the mechanical behavior of the samples was studied. Instrumented micro-indentation was carried out to measure the hardness altered by aging. Selected samples were tested under uniaxial compression and differences in their pseudoelastic behavior were shown on stress-strain diagrams. At the end, an enhancement in the pseudoelastic response of the SPSed NiTi samples was observed, and the effect ofheat-treatment was discussed.In the modeling part, a macro-scale phenomenological model was proposed for the mechanical behavior of porous SMAs by using a poromechanics approach. The new phenomenological model considers the porous medium as a skeleton consisting of a solid matrix and connected porous space. The model was built starting from a dense SMA model (Zaki-Moumni model) in which the porosity was included as an internal state variable. Both the pseudoelastic and plastic deformations were considered, and the model was implemented into Abaqus through a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT) by using the implicit backward-Euler integration scheme. The phenomenological model was validated using experimental results available in the literature, and the numerical results obtained from the unit cell (UC) technique used in this study. The uni-axial stress-strain response was captured to a great extent with a significant reduction in numerical cost when compared to the UC approach. It isshown that the proposed model represents the mechanical behavior of porous SMAs with reasonable accuracy and could be especially useful in possible biomedical applications of SMAs
Zhao, Sicheng. "Interactive dynamics of fluid flow and metallic alloys solidification." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30010.
Full textWe studied the convective phenomena and their dynamical interaction with the formation of the microstructurs during directional solidification of binary metallic alloys.The post-mortem method was used first to study the Columnar-Equiaxed-Transition during the directional solidification of unrefined Al-3.5wt%Ni in cylindric samples under the Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique. The numerical imulation was carried out and achieved the results in agreement with experiments.The in-situ technique was applied to understand the evolution of equiaxed grains during solidification of Al-4wt%Cu in function of time. The statistical characteristics of equiaxed grains were discussed.The buoyancy-driven and surface-tension-driven instability convection under vertical and horizontal thermal gradients in a liquid-porous double-layered system were respectively investigated through linear instability analysis.The inhomogeneity of the dendritic mush permeability was taken into account in order to understand its influence on the triggering of convection during the directional solidification of Al-3.5wt%Li
Achon, Philippe. "Comportement et ténacité d'alliages d'aluminium à haute résistance." Paris, ENMP, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENMP0546.
Full textLe, Viet Duc. "Etude de l’influence des hétérogénéités microstructurales sur la tenue en fatigue à grand nombre de cycles des alliages d’aluminium de fonderie." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0012/document.
Full textThis work treats the influence of the microstructural heterogeneities on the multiaxial high cycle fatigue (HCF) strength of cast aluminium alloys used in an automobile context. The characteristic microstructural heterogeneities present in this family of materials are the aluminium matrix (often characterised by the SDAS and/or the DAS and the precipitation hardening level), inclusions (silicon particles and intermetallics) and casting defects (oxide films and casting porosity).In order to clearly decouple these effects, three cast Al-Si alloys, obtained thank to different casting processes (gravity die casting and lost foam die casting) and associated with several heat treatments (T7 and Hot isostatic pressing-HIP), have been investigated. The HIP treatment is used in order to obtain a porosity free alloy. A vast experimental HCF campaign, including four loading modes (uniaxial (R=-1), torsion (R=-1), combined tension-torsion (R=-1) and equibiaxial tension (R=0.1)) has been undertaken. The following effects on the HCF behaviour have been characterised for the porosity free alloy as well as porosity containing alloys: (a) the effect of the multiaxiality (for the loading modes at R=-1), (b) the effect of the mean stress and (c) the effect of the biaxality (for equibiaxial tensile loads at R=0.1). The fatigue damage mechanisms have been studied in order to highlight the roles of the casting pores, the aluminium matrix and the inclusions on the fatigue damage mechanisms.Two analytical fatigue models are proposed. The first one concerns the effect of the loaded volume on the uniaxial fatigue strength of the porosity containing alloys using an approach to predict of the maximum pore size in a given volume. The second model, based on a probabilistic approach, takes into account the competition between the different observed damage mechanisms and leads to a Kitagawa-Takahashi type diagrams for different loading modes. It is shown that these analytical models result in good predictions for the three materials investigated and the four loading modes.A numerical study, presented in the last section, is related to the 3D finite element analysis of real pores. Real pore geometries are obtained thank to micro-tomography observations. The principal aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of predicting the fatigue strength at the macroscopic scale thanks to the local mechanical behaviour around critical pores
Zamora, Gaël. "Caractéristiques énergétiques, électriques et morphologiques de couches anodiques poreuses, imprégnées ou non par un métal sur l'alliage d'aluminium 1050A." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30281.
Full textThis study is at first focused on the porous anodization of 1050A aluminium alloy using three different electrolytes without chromium. The morphology of the anodic layer was correlated with the energetic cost of the anodizing treatment for the three baths. The electrochemical study of the anodic layers shows that their electrical characteristics are directly linked with the compact sub-layer, showing n-type semi-conducting behaviour in all cases. The aim of the second part is the study of metallic impregnation of the previous anodic layers. Using Lissajous representation of the electric signals, experimental relations were established between energetic cost and metal deposition. Moreover, the threshold voltage and the additional anodization occurring during metallic impregnation were explained in the light of the electrical characteristics of the anodized material
Gravier, Pauline. "Fermeture de la porosité dans les tôles fortes d'alliage d'aluminium pour l'aéronautique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI073.
Full textAluminum thick plates are widely used in aerospace applications to machine structural aircraft elements. During the processing of these thick plates, pores present in ingots after casting are closed thanks to hot rolling. To describe the evolution of porosity during a given hot rolling pass schedule, different numerical models exist. These models are based on simple pore geometry such as spheres or ellipsoids, whereas real shrinkage pores are branched and tortuous. The present work aims at gathering 3D in situ experimental data on real pores during their closure, compare the pore closure to existing models and propose a simple model. In situ uniaxial mechanical test at high temperature were performed under synchrotron X-ray microtomography. It provides 3D view of pores during their deformation. Combined with Digital Volume Correlation, it allows to follow tens of individual pores during their deformation and thus quantify their morphological evolution (volume, shape, orientation) with strain. FEM simulations were used to characterize the corresponding stress paths. FEM simulations of hot rolling were also performed to ensure that local loading paths obtained on samples compatible with X-ray tomography are representative of local loading paths in a rolled plate. This way, a large amount of data on pore shrinkage and growth are accumulated using compression and tension tests. Pore morphology and processing conditions influence are investigated to understand their role in pore closure kinetics. Pore shape is of prime importance, complex branched pores close differently than spherical pores due to their fragmentation during closure. Pore closure is also affected by pore orientation, elongated pores along the loading direction are more difficult to close. Compared to pore morphology, processing conditions such as temperature or compression velocity have a negligible influence. Experimental data also allows to test the different closure models from the literature. It results that accuracy of pore closure model depend on the pore shape and type of loading in terms of triaxiality. A simple model derived from the STB model is proposed and describes better the closure of complex pores compare to existing models in negative triaxiality
Geuffrard, Marion. "Amorçage et micro-propagation de fissure en fatigue à haute température à partir de défauts dans un superalliage monocristallin." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00609109.
Full textUtada, Satoshi. "Effect of a Prior Plastic Deformation during Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Ni-Based Superalloys for Turbine Blade Application Evolution of superalloy for turbine airfoil and development of recycling technology Platinum containing new generation nickel-based superalloy for single crystalline application Tensile, low cycle fatigue and very high cycle fatigue characterizations of advanced single crystal nickel-based superalloys Creep Property and Phase Stability of Sulfur-Doped Ni-Base Single-Crystal Superalloys and Effectiveness of CaO Desulfurization Evaluation and comparison of damage accumulation mechanisms during non-isothermal creep of cast Ni-based superalloys." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0019.
Full textNi-based single crystal (SX) superalloys are used for turbine blade applications because of their high-temperature durability. During the production of a turbine blade, unexpected plastic deformation (PD) can be introduced to the material. In this study, SX materials were pre-deformed in between solution and aging heat treatments to mimic PD during production. Mechanical tests on the pre-deformed materials have been performed to understand the effect of the prior PD.During aging treatments of pre-deformed AM1 SX superalloy, faster coarsening of γ′ precipitates and enhanced void nucleation were observed in the vicinity of slip bands which were introduced by PD at room-temperature. During creep deformation of pre-deformed AM1 at high temperature/low stress conditions (≥ 950 °C), the microstructure coarsened bands act as diffusion induced creep damage accumulating paths, further triggering recrystallization and resulting in drastic reduction of creep properties. At low temperature/high stress conditions (≤ 850 °C), microstructure shearing was facilitated in the microstructure coarsened band and it decreased creep properties. Recrystallization was not observed at lower temperature creep because the diffusion damage was suppressed. These relationships have been explained by creep tests on pre-deformed materials prepared by different pre-deformation temperatures and heat treatment procedures.CMSX-4 Plus SX superalloy was tested similarly to AM1 to understand the effect of the chemical composition. Effect of pre-deformation on alloy’s microstructure was mild in CMSX-4 Plus compared to that in AM1. Therefore, the predeformation did no exhibit large creep life debit in CMSX-4 Plus at temperatures lower than 1050 °C. However, during creep of CMSX-4 Plus at 1150 °C, pre-deformation presented huge impact on creep life and ductility by the same mechanisms as the ones observed for AM1 at 1050 °C.In order to restore properties of pre-deformed SX superalloys, rejuvenation heat treatment was added after PD.Rejuvenation treatment successfully restored microstructure after PD at room-temperature, and creep properties of rejuvenated specimens were shown to be equivalent to that of original AM1 and CMSX-4 Plus without PD
Rakoto, Harison. "Localisation electronique dans les amorphes metalliques : etude sous champ magnetique intense." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30036.
Full text