Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alliages liquides – Propriétés physico-chimiques'
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Strozyk, Hervé. "Développement d’une méthodologie de caractérisation physico-chimique sans contact du métal liquide à haute température par lévitation acoustique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2024_0176_STROZYK.pdf.
Full textThe manufacturing and shaping processes of metallic alloys used in advanced industries (aeronautics, space, nuclear, defence, etc.) have become increasingly complex over time. This includes standard metallurgical processes, such as those used for steel production, as well as advanced processes (single-crystal casting, powder metallurgy, metallic additive manufacturing, etc.). To reduce costs and development times, the use of numerical simulation gets and increasing interest from industry. However, the relevance of these methods to describe real processes is highly dependent on the quality of the input data used to feed the models. In this context, an original melting furnace has been developed. Its principle is to maintain a small amount of metal in levitation through the emission of stationary acoustic waves, and to ensure the heating and melting of the levitated material using a power laser. The use of a levitation technique to measure fundamental physicochemical properties, such as viscosity or surface tension, is particularly advantageous because it limits the mechanical and especially chemical interactions between the samples studied and their environment, interactions that impact the properties to be characterized. Levitation and melting of millimetre-sized metal samples have been achieved at high temperatures (> 1500°C). The development of oscillation techniques for contactless measurement of physicochemical properties was first carried out at room temperature, using water as a model material. To validate the methods developed at low temperatures, several tests were conducted on liquid gallium, levitated at intermediate temperatures (up to 700°C). At higher temperatures, the stability of hot samples is fragile due to convective flows. Therefore, two complementary technologies to the levitation system have been developed. The first consists of superimposing a horizontal acoustic field of a different frequency onto the primarily vertical levitation acoustic field. This allows better control of the movements of the samples in all directions of space, thereby maintaining levitation for long enough to perform measurements. The second technology is a system used to produce samples in-situ within the levitation cavity, by supplying material in the form of a wire. Beyond eliminating material ejections, which are present when spherical samples are first levitated and then melted, this system enables a hybrid mode of operation called "semi-levitation". The liquid samples, captured by the acoustic fields, remain attached to the source wire, which stabilizes their position without introducing significant biases in the measurements. Test campaigns on copper and nickel were carried out using this technique. On copper, we demonstrated the feasibility of making measurements at high temperatures (up to 1500°C). We were also able to explore the dependence of surface tension and viscosity on experimental parameters (oxygen partial pressure, temperature, etc.). The implementation of other types of physicochemical measurements (density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, etc.) is envisioned for the future. Due to the purely mechanical nature of the acoustic levitation phenomenon, the study of non-conductive materials, such as oxides associated with liquid metals or slags used in manufacturing processes, is conceivable. In particular, the nucleation-growth phenomena of oxide inclusions, which are sources of defects in produced ingots, are within the scope of this study
Deng, Yun. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et impact environnemental de liquides ioniques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669538.
Full textDeng, Yun. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et impact environnemental de liquides ioniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22131.
Full textIonic liquids are the salts composed only by bulky, unsymmetrical and flexible organic cations and inorganic or organic anions. Their melting points are particularly low, usually below 100°C. The ionic liquids present several interesting properties : high thermal stability, low vapor pressure, non-flammability and tunable properties by changing the anion or cation. They are considered as promising high performance fluids with low environmental impact that can be applied in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering or materials science both in processes (separation, catalysis) or as devices (optical components or lubricants).The application of ionic liquids at an industrial scale is still limited and fundamental information and reliable data on their properties, environmental fate and impact are rare. In this context and for the development of applications in wide scale, the research on ionic liquids with an expected low environmental impact (less toxic, readily biodegradable) is essential. The introduction of oxygenated functional groups – ester, ether or hydroxyl – in the alkyl side chains of imidazolium and pyridinium-based ionic liquids is expected to greatly improve their biodegradability. The effect of the functionalization on the physico-chemical properties of the ionic liquids is important in order to propose efficient, low environmental impact, ionic liquids for different applications and chemical processes. In this work, we have selected different ionic liquids based on the imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium and ammonium cations, with or without functional groups (hydroxyl/ester/ether), and with three types of anions. Our objective was to examine if the modification of chemical structures of the ions effectively have lower environmental impact, and if they their interesting properties are remained. We have studied, for all the ionic liquids, several physico-chemical properties considered important to quantify the environmental impact of chemicals : the density, the viscosity, the gas solubility, the aqueous solubility, the octanol-water partition coefficient and the aqueous diffusivity. We have also tested their toxicity towards four different microorganisms and their biodegradation in presence of pure strain of bacteria. Finally, we have tried to develop some empirical and semi-empirical models based on molecular structure information for predicting some of these properties.The introduction of oxygenated groups in the alkyl chains on cations does not change significantly the volumetric properties of ionic liquids, or their diffusion coefficient in water, but increases the viscosity of the pure salts up to one order of magnitude. Carbon dioxide solubilities in ionic liquids are not significantly influenced by the introduction of oxygen functional groups in the cations of the ionic liquids except in the case of the pyridinium based ionic liquids for which the carbon dioxide solubility decreases significantly due to a defavourable entropic contribution to the Gibbs energy of solvation. The modification of the ionic liquids by introducing oxygenated chemical functions makes them more biodegradable. In the case of imidazolium-based ionic liquids, the presence of the ester group makes the cation more susceptible to hydrolysis, the imidazolium ring being still resistant to the degradation. The functionalization of the cation also increases the solubility in water of the resulting ionic liquids and reduces the octanol-water partition coefficient and their toxicity, leading us to conclude that they are more environmental friendly than the non-functionalized ionic liquids
Luhmer, Michel. "Etude de propriétés physico-chimiques de liquides organiques par ordinateur." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212909.
Full textDufils, Thomas. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques des magmas hydratés par dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066240/document.
Full textIn this manuscript, we focused on the properties of magmas and the effects of water on these properties using classical molecular dynamics simulations. After having pointed out the importance of water in geological processes and presented some basic principles of molecular dynamics simulations, we present a force field for dry silicate melts. We use this force field to study the equation of state, the structure and the transport properties (viscosity, electrical conductivity, diffusion coefficient) of silicate melts of terrestrial and extra-terrestrial compositions. These results are systematically compared with data of the literature. We then develop a force field for pure water compatible to the one proposed for silicates. The validity of this force field is investigated by comparison with experimental studies, ab-initio simulations and other MD simulations using classical force fields. At last we add a water-silicate interaction to the two former force fields in order to describe hydrous silicate melts. This force field is used to study the properties of water-silicate mixtures (solubility, surface tension). The structure and properties of hydrous silicate melts are evaluated as well as the speciation of water, the density, the viscosity, the electrical conductivity and the diffusion coefficients. The local structure around protonated species (OH-,H2O and H3O+) and their diffusion coefficients are also determined. All these results are compared with available data of the literature
Bordes, Jean-Michel. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de revêtements aluminium-magnésium élaborés par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2067.
Full textZinc coatings on steel offer the benefits of good corrosion protection and adaptation to current industrial forming and painting techniques. Nevertheless, there is a strong need for the substitution of conventional Zinc layers due to the non favourable properties encountered in the manufacturing of zinc coated steel and the need for thickness reduction because of environmental considerations. In this work, in a first time, calculations of sputtering yields and depth of origin of sputtered atoms have been performed for Al and Mg target materials since literature provides few data on these materials in the PVD processes energy range. We estimated sputtering yields and depth of origin of sputtered atoms from our experimental results or directly from empirical relations and computer simulations with the use of the computer program Transport of Ions in Matter code (TRIM. SP). Our results allowed us to explain, among other things, the Mg resputtering phenomena who appears on Al-Mg alloys coatings surfaces when a strong bias voltage is set to the substrates. In a second time, we developed a suitable alternative for conventional zinc coatings. New multifunctional coatings based on pure Al and Mg metals and their binary alloys were deposited on glass and steel substrates by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process : balanced magnetron sputtering with the use of circular planar targets composed of sequential sectors of Al and Mg. Our study showed that the peak in performance observed in the 3% sodium chloride solution for the sputtered deposits containing approximately 15-25wt% Mg represented an optimum balance being attained between the barrier and sacrificial properties of the Al-Mg alloy coatings. Moreover, this composition range presented better properties in terms of hardness, low friction coefficients and dense structure
Léger, Valentin. "Propriétés physico-chimiques des défauts dans les alliages II-VI pour la détection infrarouge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS214.
Full textImproving II-VI material quality is an essential step to maintain high electro-optical performances at higher operating temperature of cooled infrared detectors (HOT technologies). Indeed, image quality and stability are challenged by the electrical activity (low-frequency noises) induced by some crystal defects. The aim of this thesis work is to characterize several crystal qualities of the epitaxial Hg1-xCdxTe as well as its Cd1-xZnxTe substrate by spectroscopic techniques, and to establish a comparative review of the physico-chemical fingerprints of point defects. For this purpose, defect populations were investigated in both compounds by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). The electron antiparticle is particularly sensitive to open-volume defects, intrinsically present in high concentrations in the considered alloys. Vacancy concentration profiles in the near-surface region can then be obtained with a slow positron beam. The substrate study was extended with spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements. This technique is especially powerful at low temperature where defects involved in radiative mechanisms have been identified. CL also allows to map luminescence properties at the sub-micrometer scale
Veys, Delphine. "Évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface des matériaux quasicristallins lors de sollicitations électrochimiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL076N.
Full textThe main goal of this study is to understand how the surface properties of quasicrystalline and approximant alloys are modified when submitted to various kinds of electrochemical stress. The alloys are Al-based complex intermetallic phases of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system, submitted to either corrosion test in aggressive media or simply to oxidation and ageing in ambient conditions. Ln a first part, bulk alloys of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system were synthesized and their atomic structure was characterised. Then, the corrosion behaviour of these alloys was investigated with a view to identify the role of the chemical composition and of the crystallographic structure on their ability to resist corrosion attack in a medium containing citric acid and chloride anions. This work bas allowed us to âetermine the corrosion mechanisms and to identify some alloy compositions which demonstrate high-resistance against corrosion. The last part focusses on the evolution of surface structure and chemistry as a function of electrochemical stress. The topography, composition and structure of corroded samples were analysed. Ln addition, for AICrFe samples, we have highlighted an ageing phenomenon of the surfaces in ambient conditions. We have proposed a model describing the surface of these materials as a stacking of several layers with different chemistry. The surface ageing is modelled and related to the observed modifications of the chemical reactivity
Basrour, Skandar. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques des alliages amorphes de SiGe:H déposés par PECVD." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10072.
Full textBardin, Roland. "Etude des équilibres entre phases du système plomb-antimoine-magnésium : élaboration et propriétés des alliages riches en plomb." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10785.
Full textDame, Cécile. "Etude des relations entre la stabilité des mousses de décontamination nucléaire et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30012.
Full textThe LPAD (French Atomic Energy Commission) develops innovative processes in the frame of the future dismantling of nuclear facilities. Formulations were developed using high viscosified foams stabilized by biodegradable nonionic surfactants : alkyl polyglucosides and viscosifiers (xanthan gum), which allow us to increase the foam lifetime and thus contact time of chemical reactants with the facility walls. We have considered the relationships between physicochemical properties and foam stability through the exploration of the foam at three different scales: from the molecular range (micelles, surface tension and viscoelasticity), to the film and Plateau border range (XR reflectivity, surface shear viscosity) and to macroscopic range, meaning the whole foam (foaminess, liquid fraction and wall film thickness evolution). Finally, exploratory study is presented concerning simultaneous foam three scales characterisation by small angle neutron scattering
Lefèvre, Gauthier. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de nouveaux matériaux en couches minces pour le stockage d'hydrogène." Thesis, Artois, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ARTO0406.
Full textHydrogen storage is probably the last lock facing the development of fuel cells system.Hydrogen is a non-harmful, non-polluting that can be used as an energy vector, allowing to produce fossil fuel free electricity efficiently and releasing only water.It could trigger the next technological and green revolution, marking the end of environmental concerns related to energy.Hydrogen is the most energetic gas. These double-edged caracteristics makes it attractive and unsafe at the same time. Solid state storage can be seen as a solution in spite of a moderate hydrogen uptake and a poor desorption process.In this context, research of new materials with enhanced physico-chemical properties is desirable and represent the aim of this work.This thesis is an investigation study. On the one hand, with the help of efficient theoretical structural prediction systems, an exploration of the infinite possibilities offered by metal alloys has been performed. On the other hand, pulsed laser deposition of metal thin films has been implemented to make use of its benefits.The present theoretical study has highlighted the influence of external strains on stability and emergence of alloys in numerous binary systems. In addition, a search for potential hydrides was carried out. Informations obtained are encouraging the use of similar prediction schemes in order to identify new systems.From metallic thin films made by pulsed laser ablation, deposition difficulties and disparities in procedures have been put forward. Nonetheless, singular morphologies have been achieved by this process, opening new insights for designing novel materials
Ahmed, Amna. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de nouveaux supports argileux modifiés par des liquides ioniques dans la perspective d'applications au traitement de déchets toxiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0042.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the inter-configuration of three different montmorillonites named K10, KSF and SWy-3 modified by four different ionic liquids. The selected ionic liquids are all based on the organic imidazolium cation. We have chosen to vary two parameters at the level of our ionic liquids: the type of anion and the length of the chain of the organic cation. These are the following four ionic liquids: two ionic liquids monocationic with the inorganic anion I- ([EMIM⁺] [I⁻]), with the organic anion NTf2⁻ ([EMIM⁺] [NTf2⁻]) et two ionic liquids dicationic with the anion I- ([M (CH₂) IM²⁺] [2I⁻]), with the organic anion NTf2⁻ ([M (CH₂) IM²⁺] [2NTf2⁻]). After a first purification step, the 12 modified clays were characterized by various experimental techniques: X-ray diffraction, DSC, measurement of porosity by the BET method, ATR / FTIR spectroscopy. In particular, the BET study put forward a mixture of montmorillonite KSF modified with [M (CH₂) IM²⁺] [2NTf2⁻] in the perspective of the treatment of pollutants. The ATR / FTIR spectroscopy study refined BET results from various vibration mode intensity ratio measurements in two 4000-3000 cm-1 and 1800-1300 cm-1 spectral regions. The evolution of these intensity ratios between the use of ionic liquids monocationic and dicationic, also allowed us to predict the distribution of water molecules and ionic liquid molecules inside clays modified by monocationic ionic liquids and the possible evolution of the BET specific surface area for these same mixtures
Bouteloup, Rémi. "Estimation de propriétés d'intérêt pour les électrolytes liquides." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4016/document.
Full textLiquid electrolytes, composed of a salt dissolved in a solvent, are used in the composition of batteries and are the subject of numerous studies to improve their performance and safety. Of all the essential properties of an electrolyte, the most important is its ionic conductivity, which influences the battery's performance. For a given salt, the conductivity itself is mainly determined by the physico-chemical properties of the solvent such as its dielectric constant or its viscosity. The objective of this study is to develop models to estimate properties of interest of liquid electrolytes, in order to offer time savings to chemists, who will be able to eliminate inadequate compositions from the point of view of such or such property. The first part of this study presents a method to estimate the conductivity of an electrolyte, consisting of a LiPF6 salt in a solvent mixture. This method is based on new equations, to estimate the parameters of the Casteel-Amis equation, based on the physico-chemical properties of the solvent mixture, including the dielectric constant. The second part also presents a method to estimate the dielectric constant of a pure solvent, based on its chemical structure. This method is based on new additive models that estimate the parameters of the Kirkwood-Fröhlich equation. Two of these models estimate the density and refractive index of a liquid compound at room temperature. All the models developed can be used via a user interface
Boccato, Silvia. "Etude de la structure locale des métaux 3d liquides en conditions extrêmes de pression et température." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY093/document.
Full textUnderstanding the physical phenomena of our planet requires the capability to investigate the structural and thermodynamic properties of liquid-state materials present in the Earth's outer core. Thus, the melting curves of nickel and cobalt allow to constrain the temperature at the inner core boundary (ICB).This Thesis presents the study of the melting curves and the local structure of nickel and cobalt under extreme conditions. The experimental analysis was performed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), technique ideal for the study of the local structure. Ab-initio calculations were performed as well in order to validate the melting criterion adopted and to provide starting radial distribution function for the analysis of the local structure.The melting curves of nickel and cobalt were determined with the XAS melting criterion recently proposed for iron. The criterion consists in the flattening of the shoulder and the disappearance of the first two oscillations in the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES). It has been validated with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) coupled with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis on the recovered samples, by means of a detection of textural changes in the sample. The melting temperature was detected for nickel and cobalt at different pressures, thus providing a measurement of the melting curve up to 1 Mbar for the two materials.A comparison of the melting curves of nickel and cobalt with iron shows that the presence of these two materials in the outer core of Earth gives a negligible contribution for the determination of the geotherm at the inner core boundary.Ab-initio calculations performed on cobalt provided an additional confirmation of the XAS melting criterion adopted. Moreover they permitted to understand that the flattening of the oscillations in the XANES is due to the smearing of the structures in the density of the p states linked to the different environments surrounding each absorbing atom in the liquid.These calculations allowed as well to evaluate the compression of liquid cobalt at 5000 K and provided a starting radial distribution function for the analysis of the experimental Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) extracted from the measured XAS.The EXAFS of the liquids along the melting curve was analysed providing a measurement of the first neighbour distance in the liquid as a function of pressure for both nickel and cobalt. In the two cases our experimental results show slightly less compression than theoretically predicted. This can be interpreted as a first neighbour bond that at higher pressures is slightly more rigid than predicted or as due to an increase of 10-20% of the coordination number.Combined to theory, our experimental observation suggests that the local structure of liquid Co and Ni increasingly deviates from a hard sphere model with P and T along the melting curve.In conclusion, we have developed a protocol that allows validating the melting criterion for a given solid structure. In this work it has been applied to 3d metals with fcc structures and it can be applied to other structures.The presence of nickel and cobalt in the outer core of Earth was found to be irrelevant for the determination of the temperature at the ICB.XAS was shown to be an adequate technique to measure the first neighbour bond under extreme conditions, although both experiment and theory have large margin for improvement. The application of this method to more complex liquid alloys opens the way to investigation of relevant geophysical systems
François, Yannis. "Utilisation de l'électrophorèse capillaire (EC) pour la caractérisation des liquides ioniques (LI) et intérêt des LI comme nouveaux milieux de séparation en EC." Paris 6, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002160.
Full textRaboisson, Patrick. "Propriétés des alliages amorphes silicium-étain en relation avec leurs conditions de préparation et phénomènes de cristallisation." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066426.
Full textTerescenco, Daria. "Evaluation et compréhension de la structure de l’émulsifiant et son impact sur les propriétés physiques, physico-chimiques et sensorielles d’émulsions cosmétiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH05/document.
Full textEmulsifier is a raw material widely used in formulated systems of emulsion type. Due to its amphiphilic chemical structure, this molecule decreases the interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids that form an emulsion, which increases the stability of the system over time. In addition, it can form liquid crystals in the formulated systems because of its structure and this has a considerable impact on the physicochemical and applicative properties of emulsions. The objective of this project is to study a natural alkyl polyglucoside/fatty alcohol mixed surfactant. Its properties were first investigated via the construction of the phase diagram. Thus, it has been shown that the variation of the concentration and of the ratio of alkyl polyglucoside/fatty alcohol in the mixed emulsifier favors the transition between the micellar solutions towards liquid crystals of lamellar or hexagonal type in the studied systems. Next, the mastering of the binary systems properties allowed understanding the metamorphoses undergone by the system when an oil phase is incorporated into it. The chemical structure of emollients (presence of heteroatoms) affects the organization of liquid crystals formed by the amphiphilic molecules. Therefore, depending on the emollient type, the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the systems change (droplet sizes and distribution, rheological, thermal and texture profile). Finally, the applicative properties of emulsions are also affected, as shown by sensory analysis and in-vivo biometric measurements
Léglise, Mélissa. "Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques et chimiques de superalliages base nickel et base cobalt de fonderie utilisés pour le fibrage du verre fondu à 1000°C - 1100°C." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0228.
Full textThe fiberizing spinners used to produce the glass fibers undergo sizable mechanical, chemical and thermal solicitations. Therefore, this piece is degraded and must be periodically replaced. The purpose of these works is to increase the lifetime of the fiberizing spinners by improving the mechanical and chemical properties of the superalloys that constitute them. More precisely, the objective of this thesis is, in the first time, to improve the alloys used to fiberize at 1000°C, and in a second time, to find a superalloy that can fiberize at 1125°C. These works are focused on two families of superalloys: nickel-based and cobalt-based. The chemical properties are characterized by the thermogravimetry tests and the mechanical properties by 3 points flexural creep tests. For the Ni-based alloy, the influences of unwanted minority elements, Mn and Si, were studied. The mechanical properties of this alloy are subject to improvement tests by the addition titanium, zirconium, tantalum, hafnium and niobium. The aluminium addition was also experimented but with the aim of improving the chemical properties of the alloy. Finally, the studies were also driven on the addition of noble metals (Pd and Ru) and of rare earths (Y, La and Ce). Concerning the cobalt-based superalloys, the study focused on an alloy which has previously shown good general properties to be used at 1125°C and no at 1000°C. The versius with a lowered content in tantalum, without tungsten and without hafnium were studied. To close this work, the increase of nickel and a heat treatment were studied in order to improve the oxidation resistance of this second alloy
Léglise, Mélissa. "Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques et chimiques de superalliages base nickel et base cobalt de fonderie utilisés pour le fibrage du verre fondu à 1000°C - 1100°C." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0228.
Full textThe fiberizing spinners used to produce the glass fibers undergo sizable mechanical, chemical and thermal solicitations. Therefore, this piece is degraded and must be periodically replaced. The purpose of these works is to increase the lifetime of the fiberizing spinners by improving the mechanical and chemical properties of the superalloys that constitute them. More precisely, the objective of this thesis is, in the first time, to improve the alloys used to fiberize at 1000°C, and in a second time, to find a superalloy that can fiberize at 1125°C. These works are focused on two families of superalloys: nickel-based and cobalt-based. The chemical properties are characterized by the thermogravimetry tests and the mechanical properties by 3 points flexural creep tests. For the Ni-based alloy, the influences of unwanted minority elements, Mn and Si, were studied. The mechanical properties of this alloy are subject to improvement tests by the addition titanium, zirconium, tantalum, hafnium and niobium. The aluminium addition was also experimented but with the aim of improving the chemical properties of the alloy. Finally, the studies were also driven on the addition of noble metals (Pd and Ru) and of rare earths (Y, La and Ce). Concerning the cobalt-based superalloys, the study focused on an alloy which has previously shown good general properties to be used at 1125°C and no at 1000°C. The versius with a lowered content in tantalum, without tungsten and without hafnium were studied. To close this work, the increase of nickel and a heat treatment were studied in order to improve the oxidation resistance of this second alloy
Crohare, Adeline. "Mélanges de polymères thermoplastiques, compatibilisés par des liquides ioniques, pour le développement de multifilaments." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI029.
Full textThis work highlights the role of ionic liquids (ILs) as compatibilizers in immiscible polymer blends to increase the springback of polyamide or polyester multiyarns due to the presence of elastomeric nodules. The influence of ionic liquid nature on the morphology of PA66/rubber and PET/rubber blends and on thermal, rheological and mechanical properties has been investigated. The incorporation of only 1 wt% of ionic liquids leads to a decrease of interfacial tension between the polymers. The morphology of blends can be tuned by the chemical nature of ionic liquids to reduce largely the nodule size of the dispersed phase and/or to generate fibrillar shape morphology. The reduction of particles size leads to an improvement of mechanical properties with an increase of elongation at break and the same stiffness. Moreover the incorporation of IL has no effect on the viscosity of blends. Several formulations could be spun and prototypes of fabric and tennis racket strings could be made with multiyarns
Mottot, Yves. "Propriétés chimiques et électrochimiques des chlorures de lanthanides cérides en milieux chlorures fondus : stabilité thermodynamique des alliages LA-NI et ND-FE à haute température." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066127.
Full textBrunot-Gohin, Céline. "Optimisation des états de surface du titane et des alliages en nickel-titane par des films multicouches de polyélectrolytes." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771411.
Full textChikh, Amirouche. "Étude des mélanges PHBV/PBS et des mélanges hybrides PHBV/PBS/sépiolite : préparation, caractérisation physico-mécanique et durabilité." Thesis, Lorient, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORIS496/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work was to study the structure-properties relationships of biopolymerblends based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and polybutylene succinate (PBS). The work was devised into three parts. The first part was devoted to the study of the properties of PHBV/PBS blends prepared by melt compounding at different weight ratio in terms of morphology and properties. The results obtained were discussed in terms of properties and compared with the neat polymers. The second part was devoted to the study of compatibility of PHBV/PBS blends aiming to improve the interactions at the interface between the two components. The effects of both sepiolite (5% wt.) and PHBV-g-MA (5% wt.) were studied in terms of properties. The results showed a synergistic effect between the compatibilizer PHBV-g-MA and the nanofiller sepiolite though an increase in thermal, mechanical and rheological properties. The last part dealing with the recyclability of PHBV/PBS through the study of the effects of repeated extrusion cycles on the properties of materials. The results showed that after 6 reprocessing cycles the thermo-mechanical degradation of PHBV is significantly reduced in the presence of PBS
Berthet, Guillaume. "Revêtements diamant pour surfaces actives sur capteurs du domaine pétrolier." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066660.
Full textIn the field of oil and gas industry, Inconel alloys are largely used for their high strength and good corrosion resilience to H2S, CO2 and carboxylic acids. However, those of despite their excellent properties compare to other alloys, some specific oil and gas parts such as the sensitive areas of some sensors may require a special attention as high pressure high temperature (HPHT) environment, corrosion and abrasion may affect their performances in the long term. Additionally, oil and gas sensors may often be exposed, during the same drilling work, to various drilling fluids containing hydrophilic solid particles or heavy molecules such as asphaltenes, resins or heavy alkanes which tend to aggregate on hydrophilic alloy surfaces. Diamond coatings have thus been identified as attractive candidates to protect sensor used during drilling operations. Indeed, diamond materials due to their excellent hardness and wear, low friction coefficient, corrosion resilience and chemical inertness further to high natural resilience to fouling are especially suitable to be used in harsh environments. However, diamond coating on Ni-alloy such as Inconel could not be done by MP-CVD common processes. The current study has proposed solutions, and namely the development of three different processes aiming at a strong and adherent diamond coating on Inconel718. These three processes differ by their roughness and their difficulties of implementation. Their advantages for density-viscosity sensors have been assessed in various drilling fluids, and two specific approaches have been identified as particularly promising to mitigate fouling, namely (i) to create a diamond superhydrophobic surface through micro-structuration to get the antifouling Lotus properties, and (ii) the optimization of an electrochemical treatment aiming at cleaning in situ the diamond surfaces downhole. This study has led to propose reaction mechanisms and demonstrated the role of degraded water on the electrochemical treatment. The thesis has demonstrated the potentialities and identified the limits of those approaches. Efficiency of the electrochemical process applied to drilling fluids and crude oils fouling have been successively demonstrated
Jian, Zhen. "Drop impact on solid : splashing transition and effect of the surrounding gas." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066166/document.
Full textA splash is observed under certain conditions as drop impacts on solid. Gas has been generally neglected in the splashing mechanism because of the large liquid/gas density and viscosity ratio. However, experiments demonstrated recently a genuine role of the surrounding gas. Under incompressible assumption, this thesis aims to understand the gas effect in the splashing mechanism using both analytical and numerical methods. By changing the gas density or viscosity, two mechanisms of splashing are identified: ''jet-splash'' and ''detachment-splash''. Curved transition frontiers between outcomes in function of the density and viscosity ratio are found. Both gas inertial and viscous effects are crucial in the splashing formation. The creation and lift-up of the ejecta (the small jet for a jet-splash and the thin liquid sheet for a detachment-splash) is the origin of splash and an aerodynamic force makes the lift-up occur. The contact angle can influence the impact outcome, since a hydrophilic contact angle can eliminate a splash while a hydrophobic contact angle promotes the splash. Finally, drop impact on highly-viscous liquid is investigated. A theoretical model is proposed to deal with the triple-phase dynamics in the numerics. By increasing the viscosity of the liquid basin, dynamics varies from a ''wave-like regime'' to a ''solidification regime''. Experiments of an ethanol drop impacting on a highly-viscous liquid (honey) basin are executed. The basin performed as a solid and the complete suppression of splashing by decreasing the gas pressure is observed. Drop shapes predicted by simulations agree with the experiments