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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alley farming

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Academic literature on the topic 'Alley farming'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alley farming"

1

Ogunlana, Elizabeth Adebola, Athapol Noomhorm, and Teerapol Silakul. "Alley Farming in Thailand." Sustainability 2, no. 8 (August 4, 2010): 2523–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su2082523.

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Jabbar, M. A., A. Larbi, and L. Reynolds. "Profitability of Alley Farming with and without Fallow in Southwest Nigeria." Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 3 (July 1994): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447970002442x.

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SUMMARYThe profitabilities of three land use systems in the humid zone of southwest Nigeria are compared using a capital budgeting procedure combining on-station and on-farm experimental data. The systems are: non-alley farming with fallow; alley farming with fallow; and continuous alley farming. The results indicate that: continuous alley cropping is more profitable than non-alley or alley cropping with fallow; short fallowing in alley cropping reduces the rate of mining soil fertility and thus helps preserve future productivity; alley farming with small ruminants enhances the profitability of alley systems and increases their advantage over the non-alley system; and alley systems remain profitable even when terminal clearing costs are internalized in the current project cycle.

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Atta-Krah, A. N. "Alley Farming with Leucaena: Effect of Short Grazed Fallows on Soil Fertility and Crop Yields." Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700015349.

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SUMMARYA long-term trial with Leucaena leucocephala was initiated in 1982 to test the sustainability of Leucaena-based alley farming compared to a conventional cropping system without trees and with continuous cultivation of maize. It assessed the integration of short grazed fallows in rotation within Leucaena alleys and their effect on soil fertility and crop yields.The various treatments had no effect on soil pH during the four-year period of the trial. The organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of the soils under conventional cropping were lower by the end of the fourth year than those under alley cropping and alley grazing treatments, whereas soil phosphorus levels were lower in the alley cropping and grazing plots. Foliage dry matter production of Leucaena under alley cropping management ranged from 6.0 to 6.7 t ha−1 a−1 under continuous cropping and reached 8 t ha−1 when alley cropping was preceded by a grazed fallow. Crop yields were consistently higher with alley cropping than with conventional cropping. Alley cropping plots in rotation with two year grazed fallows gave significantly higher crop yields during cropping years than those under continuous cultivation.

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Onyenso, A. I., K. A. Nwobodo, and A. M. Yakubu. "Nutrients content and nutritive values of the leaves of alley woody species used in alley farming in Umudike Southern Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 16, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v16i1.2.

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Alley farming is an agroforestry system that utilizes trees for maintaining soil fertility and improving livestock production. This research assessed the nutrients and nutritive values of the leaves of four alley woody species: Cajanus cajan, Gliricidia sepium, Flamingia macrophylla and Leucaena leucocephala used at the agroforestry research farm of Department of Forestry and Environmental Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria. Umudike. The results obtained showed that the leaves of the alley woody species contained: N, P, K, Ca, Mg and heavy metals like: Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cd in significant quantity while Cr was trace amount. Ni content was not significant (P>0.05). They also contained high moisture, Crude fibre, Crude protein, Carbohydrate and vitamins. The four alley woody species could be an ideal combination in alley farming system in revitalizing poor agricultural soil through litterfall and nutrient cycling and as well provide forage for livestock production. Keywords: Alley farming, alley woody species, nutrient content, nutritive value

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Seddon, Julian, Stuart Doyle, Mark Bourne, Richard Maccallum, and Sue Briggs. "Biodiversity benefits of alley farming with old man saltbush in central western New South Wales." Animal Production Science 49, no. 10 (2009): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea08280.

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Agricultural production systems that also provide opportunities to conserve biodiversity will be a crucial component of integrated and sustainable land use in mixed farming landscapes and should be considered and evaluated. Alley farming is an innovative farming system that aims to increase farm profitability while also enhancing environmental outcomes. Alley farming incorporates belts of woody perennial plants such as trees or shrubs, interspersed with alleys of conventionally rotated cropping and livestock grazing land. In the present study, we assessed the impacts on terrestrial biodiversity of alley farming with the native perennial chenopod shrub old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) in central western New South Wales. Terrestrial biodiversity conservation status was assessed by site surveys conducted in spring 2005, 2006 and 2007 at 15 old man salt bush alley farming sites (OMSB), 15 conventionally managed sites and three native woodland remnants in and around the Condobolin Agricultural Research and Advisory Station in the central western plains of New South Wales. Biodiversity surveys included an assessment of ‘site condition’ – a metric of biodiversity conservation status at the site scale based on measurement of 10 habitat and vegetation condition attributes, compared against benchmark values for the appropriate native ecosystems with relatively little recent anthropogenic modification. Bird surveys were also conducted to assess the diversity and abundance of birds in OMSB, conventional and remnant woodland sites in four functional response groups. Site condition was significantly higher at remnant woodland sites than at conventional farming and OMSB alley farming sites. Remnant woodland sites had greater native overstorey cover and native ground cover of forbs, more trees with hollows, presence of at least some overstorey regeneration and the presence of fallen logs. Site condition was also significantly higher at OMSB sites than at conventional sites and increased significantly across 3 years. By the third year after establishment, OMSB sites had higher native plant species richness and native mid-storey cover than did conventionally farmed sites. These attributes increased markedly over time at the OMSB sites whereas they did not increase at conventional or remnant woodland sites. Native grasses and forbs established under and around the saltbush plants, indicating that OMSB alley plantings can provide habitat for a wide range of native plant species, enhancing biodiversity values of these areas through improved structure and composition. Improved habitat condition at the OMSB sites after 3 years did not lead to a significantly higher diversity or to a higher overall abundance of birds at the OMSB than at conventional sites. Furthermore, diversity and abundance of birds at both OMSB and conventional sites remained significantly below those of remnant woodland sites. Some decliner bird species were observed using OMSB sites, but not conventional sites. Old man saltbush alley farming can provide direct on-site benefits for native biodiversity by improving the structure, function and composition of vegetation at the site or paddock scale. If proposed as a replacement to conventional crop–pasture rotation, OMSB alley farming can enhance biodiversity conservation values, and where production benefits are likely, could play an important role in the integration of production and conservation as a synergistic ‘win–win’ system in mixed farming enterprises.

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Ogunlana, Elizabeth A. "Yoruba Rural Women and Alley Farming." Gender, Technology and Development 5, no. 3 (November 2001): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097185240100500304.

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Ogunlana, Elizabeth A. "Yoruba Rural Women and Alley Farming." Gender, Technology and Development 5, no. 3 (January 2001): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718524.2001.11910010.

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8

Onyenso, A. I., K. A. Nwobodo, A. M. Yakubu, and L. N. Onyenweaku. "Effect of alley plants species and plantain cultivars on yield of 60-day cowpea grain in Umudike Southern Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 16, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v16i2.4.

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Alley cropping or hedgerow intercropping is one of the many sub-systems of agroforestry technology. A 5 x 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used to determine the effect of four alley woody species and three plantain cultivars on the yield of 60-day cowpea grain in the 2017 and 2018 farming seasons. The Alley species, plantain cultivars and Alley species x plantain cultivars treatment interactions showed no significant effects (p<0.05) on cowpea grain yield. Students t-test on the two farming seasons showed significant increase in yield of cowpea grain in 2018 than in 2017. Alley cropping technology could increase 60-day cowpea grain yield due to improved soil fertility in the system. Keywords: alley cropping, yield, 60-day cowpea, alley woody species, plantain cultivars

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9

Lawry, S., D. Stienbarger, and M. A. Jabbar. "Land Tenure and the Potential for the Adoption of Alley Farming in West Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 23, no. 3 (September 1994): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709402300305.

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Alley farming was developed as a means of maintaining soil fertility in fields under permanent cultivation in Africa, as population pressure makes the traditional practice of slash-and-burn combined with fallowing unsustainable. It is an agroforestry system under which food crops are grown in alleys formed by hedgerows of leguminous trees and shrubs. Studies have shown that it works, but farmers are only taking it up very slowly. Recent work suggests that land tenure might be a factor in the spread of alley cropping.

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Onyenso, A. I., K. A. Nwobodo, and L. N. Onyenweaku. "Effect of alley plants species and plantain cultivars on yield of ita 331 upland rice in Umudike southern Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 17, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v17i2.1.

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Alley cropping or hedgerow intercropping is one of the many sub-systems of agroforestry technology. A 5 x 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used to determine the effect of four alley woody species and three plantain cultivars on the yield of ITA 331 upland rice grain in the 2017 and 2018 farming seasons. The Alley species, plantain cultivars and Alley species x plantain cultivars treatment interactions showed no significant effects (p>0.05) on ITA 331 upland rice grain yield. Student t-test on the two farming seasons showed significant increase in yield of ITA 331 upland rice grain in 2018 than in 2017. The non-significantly different rice grain yield in the alley species treatment plots could be due to the generally high nutrient release of the decomposed legume-based alley species. Agroforestry combination of alley plants species and plantain cultivars is suitable for ITA 331 upland rice production. Key words: alley cropping, yield, ITA 331 upland rice grain, alley woody species, plantain cultivars

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alley farming"

1

Whittome, Michael Peter Broadbent. "The adoption of alley farming in Nigeria and Benin : the on-farm experience of Iita and Ilca." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336965.

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Noorduijn, Saskia L. "Temporal and spatial effects of a long term large scale alley farming experiment on water table dynamics : implications for effective agroforestry design." University of Western Australia. School of Environmental Systems Engineering, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0102.

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[Truncated abstract] Removal of native vegetation to facilitate traditional agriculture practices has been shown to reduce ecosystem health, and restricts the native habitat. The subsequent change in the predominant vegetation water use patterns has altered the catchment water balance, and hydrology which results in land degradation through such processes of salinisation and water logging. More recently, moves toward more sustainable farming practices have been taken to help re-establish catchment hydrological equilibrium and improve catchment ecosystem services. Agroforestry is one such vehicle for this reestablishment. Perennial native vegetation has been shown to have a significant effect on catchment processes, mitigating any further degradation of the land. The effect of alternating native perennial tree belts with traditional broad acre agriculture in the alleys, referred to as alley farming, is investigated in this thesis due to the potential environmental and economic benefits that can result. This thesis investigates the impact of tree belts upon the water table and aims to gauge the ability of alley farming at controlling recharge within the low-medium rainfall zone on the valley floor. The basis of this research is the analysis of data collected from the Toolibin Alley Faring Trial. This experiment was established in 1995 to assess the viability of alley farming and incorporates different combinations of belt width, alley width and revegetation density. Transects of piezometers within each design have been monitored from October 1995 to January 2008. The piezometers were sporadically monitored over this period on a total of 39 dates. ... To further understand the response observed in the water table data, in depth hydrograph analysis of the control piezometer water levels was conducted. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the belts are having a very limited impact on the water table morphology, this is associated with the restricted use of groundwater by the perennial tree belts due to the poor quality, has been applied. This explains why there is limited signature of increased water table depth in the statistical analysis; there is evidence that alley farming as a means of reducing recharge may work however the overriding control on the trial are the rainfall trends rather than perennial growth. The low perennial biomass production at the site is an effect of limited water resources; however a significant distinction can be made between the water table depth and variability beneath high and low biomass belts. There are three main controls at the site; climate, development of perennial biomass and development of perennial root systems (both vertically and laterally). The regional climatic trends will influence water table levels creating a greater soil water storage capacity; therefore the contribution of soil water to transpiration rates will enable the tree belts to have some impact on recharge. Of the alley farming designs tested, the optimal planting density and belt/alley design, from an economic perspective, is identified as having a 4m belt width which generated the greatest biomass. As a means of controlling recharge at the site the effectiveness of alley farming is limited due the shallow saline water table limiting perennial growth.

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3

Sotak, Michael Alan II. "ALLY OR ANTAGONIST? BANKING AND ANTEBELLUM AMERICAN AGRICULTURE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1406910957.

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Wildy, Daniel Thomas. "Growing mallee eucalypts as short-rotation tree crops in the semi-arid wheatbelt of Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0031.

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[Truncated abstract] Insufficient water use by annual crop and pasture species leading to costly rises in saline watertables has prompted research into potentially profitable deep-rooted perennial species in the Western Australian wheatbelt. Native mallee eucalypts are currently being developed as a short-rotation coppice crop for production of leaf oils, activated carbon and bio-electricity for low rainfall areas (300—450 mm) too dry for many of the traditional timber and forage species. The research in this study was aimed at developing a knowledge base necessary to grow and manage coppiced mallee eucalypts for both high productivity and salinity control. This firstly necessitated identification of suitable species, climatic and site requirements favourable to rapid growth, and understanding of factors likely to affect yield of the desirable leaf oil constituent, 1,8-cineole. This was undertaken using nine mallee taxa at twelve sites with two harvest regimes. E. kochii subsp. plenissima emerged as showing promise in the central and northern wheatbelt, particularly at a deep acid sand site (Gn 2.61; Northcote, 1979), so further studies focussed on physiology of its resprouting, water use and water-use efficiency at a similar site near Kalannie. Young E. kochii trees were well equipped with large numbers of meristematic foci and adequate root starch reserves to endure repeated shoot removal. The cutting season and interval between cuts were then demonstrated to have a strong influence on productivity, since first-year coppice growth was slow and root systems appeared to cease in secondary growth during the first 1.5—2.5 years after cutting. After decapitation, trees altered their physiology to promote rapid replacement of shoots. Compared to uncut trees, leaves of coppices were formed with a low carbon content per unit area, and showed high stomatal conductance accompanied by high leaf photosynthetic rates. Whole-plant water use efficiency of coppiced trees was unusually high due to their fast relative growth rates associated with preferential investments of photosynthates into regenerating canopies rather than roots. Despite relatively small leaf areas on coppice shoots over the two years following decapitation, high leaf transpiration rates resulted in coppices using water at rates far in excess of that falling as rain on the tree belt area. Water budgets showed that 20 % of the study paddock would have been needed as 0—2 year coppices in 5 m wide twin-row belts in order to maintain hydrological balance over the study period. Maximum water use occurred where uncut trees were accessing a fresh perched aquifer, but where this was not present water budgets still showed transpiration of uncut trees occurring at rates equivalent to 3—4 times rainfall incident on the tree belt canopy. In this scenario, only 10 % of the paddock surface would have been required under 5 m wide tree belts to restore hydrological balance, but competition losses in adjacent pasture would have been greater

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5

Botha, Christelle Charle. "Alley cropping with Leucaena in semi-arid conditions." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27322.

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Ellis, Timothy Willson. "Estimating groundwater recharge from alley farming systems in the southern Murray Basin Australia / Tim Ellis." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22427.

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"June 2001"
Bibliography: p. 165-183.
xxviii, 250 p. : ill., plates (col.), maps (col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
The aims of this study were to develop models for predicting groundwater recharge from alley farming systems in the Murray Basin and for designing alley farms that will result in a prescribed recharge reduction. --p. 158.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Agronomy and Farming Systems, 2002

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Books on the topic "Alley farming"

1

Kang, B. T. Alley farming. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education, 1999.

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2

Schlauderer, Ralf. Socio-economics of the introduction of alley cropping systems in traditional farming. Kiel: Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk, 1997.

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Adesina, A. A. Policy shifts and adoption of alley farming in west and central Africa. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA, 1999.

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4

Stienbarger, Douglas M. Tenure and alley farming: A literature review, with particular reference to the West African humid zone. Madison, Wis: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-- Madison, 1990.

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Lawry, Steven W. Tenure and alley farming in the humid zone of West Africa: Final report of research in Cameroon, Nigeria, and Togo. [Madison, Wis.]: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1991.

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Niemczik, Lutz. Alles Bio! Alles Mist?: Irrwege in der Landwirtschaft und vernünftige Alternativen. Berlin: Das Neue Berlin, 2015.

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7

Alley Farming Training Manual: Core Course in Alley Farming. Agribookstore, 1992.

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8

Whittome, Michael Peter Broadbent. The adoption of alley farming in Nigeria and Benin: The on-farm experience of IITA and ILCA. University of Cambridge, Magdalene College, 1994.

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T, Kang B., and Reynolds L, eds. Alley farming in the humid and subhumid tropics: Proceedings of an international workshop held at Ibadan, Nigeria, 10-14 March 1986. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre, 1989.

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Kang, B. T. Alley Farming in the Humid and Subhumid Tropics: Proceedings of an International Workshop Held at Ibadan, Nigeria, 10-14 March 1986 (Idrc, 271e). Agribookstore, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alley farming"

1

Freyer, Bernhard, and Jim Bingen. "Resetting the African Smallholder Farming System: Potentials to Cope with Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_267-1.

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AbstractAgricultural production systems, for example, conservation agriculture, climate smart agriculture, organic agriculture, sustainable landuse management, and others, summarized under the term “sustainable intensification,” have been introduced in African countries to increase productivity and to adapt/mitigate CC (CCAM). But the productivity of smallholder farming systems in Africa remains low. High erosion, contaminated water, threatened human health, reduced soil water, and natural resources functionality, that is, ecosystems services, and decreased biodiversity dominate. Low support in the farm environment is also responsible for this situation.It is hypothesized, based on the huge body of literature on CCAM, that the implementation of already existing arable and plant cultivation methods like crop diversity, alley crops, forage legume-based crop rotations, mulching, organic matter recycling, and reduced tillage intensity will increase CCAM performance and also farm productivity and income. Based on a brief analysis of CCAM relevant arable and plant cultivation methods and agricultural production systems potentials and challenges, this chapter offers guidance for further transforming climate robust African farming systems.

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Freyer, Bernhard, and Jim Bingen. "Resetting the African Smallholder Farming System: Potentials to Cope with Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1441–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_267.

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AbstractAgricultural production systems, for example, conservation agriculture, climate smart agriculture, organic agriculture, sustainable landuse management, and others, summarized under the term “sustainable intensification,” have been introduced in African countries to increase productivity and to adapt/mitigate CC (CCAM). But the productivity of smallholder farming systems in Africa remains low. High erosion, contaminated water, threatened human health, reduced soil water, and natural resources functionality, that is, ecosystems services, and decreased biodiversity dominate. Low support in the farm environment is also responsible for this situation.It is hypothesized, based on the huge body of literature on CCAM, that the implementation of already existing arable and plant cultivation methods like crop diversity, alley crops, forage legume-based crop rotations, mulching, organic matter recycling, and reduced tillage intensity will increase CCAM performance and also farm productivity and income. Based on a brief analysis of CCAM relevant arable and plant cultivation methods and agricultural production systems potentials and challenges, this chapter offers guidance for further transforming climate robust African farming systems.

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3

Atta-Krah, A. N., and B. T. Kang. "Alley Farming as a Potential Agricultural Production System for the Humid and sub-Humid Tropics." In Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture in the Tropics, 67–76. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub56.c6.

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Kang, B. T., L. Reynolds, and A. N. Atta-Krah. "Alley Farming." In Advances in Agronomy, 315–59. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2113(08)60481-2.

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Soares, Rui M. G. Monge, Pedro Valério, Mariana Nabais, and António M. Monge Soares. "A Espada do Monte das Oliveiras (Serpa) - uma arma do Bronze Pleno do Sudoeste." In Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão - Textos, 1055–64. Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses e CITCEM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-8970-25-1/arqa76.

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In this paper, we present a detailed examination of a sword dating from the Southwestern Middle Bronze Age, which was found several years ago during farming activities near the town of Serpa, Portugal. The sword was apparently found out of an archaeological context. The finder of the sword, who kindly allowed us to study it, cleaned the artefact of its corrosion and kept it in good conditions. The sword is about 50 cm long and its handle show two rivets (another one is missing) which are kept housed in notches. The rivets’ heads are spherical caps covered with a golden leaf. The use of a p-EDXRF equipment allowed us to determine and quantify the elemental composition of the blade, as well as of the golden leaf covering the rivet heads. It was thus possible to establish that the blade was manufactured with arsenical copper, while the composition of the golden leaf refers to a natural alloy. Finally, the Monte das Oliveiras sword is compared with several other coeval examples of Southern Iberia weaponry. Its hilt design, namely the three peripheral notches, seems to be of an unique variant in swords, being relatively rare in similarly shaped weapons, such as daggers.

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"(GE/m**3). According to this definition one odour unit is the amount of odorants in one cubic meter of air at odour thres hold level. The new definition is a real concentration and gives a better form of input parameter for dispersion models. On the basis of guideline VDI 3881 parts 1, 2, and 3 ringtests were carried out with different odorants. The results can be summerized as follows: -The dispersion of results varies and depends on the compo sition of the participants and on problems of sampling and preparation of odorous sample. Lower dispersion is obtained when results with obvious errors in application of guide lines or with large deviations from mean value are excluded. -Participants of the Netherlands get systematically lower threshold values than the others. The reason has to be investigated. -All findings of the ringtests lead to the conclusion that it is possible to determine odour thresholds which do not differ by more than factor 10. At present another ringtest is in preparation. This test will be carried out in summer 1985. The French collegues will also participate in this test. Experience of all ringtests will be reported in part 4 of guideline VDI 3881. Guideline VDI 3882 deals with the determination of odour intensity and hedonic tone. The members of the working group "odorous substances" assume that odour threshold and odour concentration are insufficient for the characterization of odorous perception. They recommend to judge the odour inten sity and the hedonic tone by category estimation. Moreover, it is their opinion that the odour determination with olfacto meters is not suitable to assess odour in ambient air. There fore they are preparing two guidelines dealing with these problems. Guideline VDI 3883 gives instructions on the regis tration of nuisance by interviews with nearby residents of emitting plants or inhabitants of industrial areas. Addition ally guideline VDI 3940 describes the determination of odour in ambient air by inspection panels based on the following idea: During constant conditions as to the class of weather, wind speed, and wind direction each local point is charac terized by a frequency of odour perception representing the probability to perceive an odour. The situation at a local point will be have to determine the portion of a year with a frequency of odorous perception greater than 5 % in a random test. Both guidelines, VDI 3882 and 3940, should give corres ponding results. Guideline VDI 3781 part 5 completes the complex of odour determination and judgement with the calculation of disper sion models. The calculation methode and odour determination by panelists should give comparable results. The following summery can be given. Odour measurements with olfactometers is only a small part of the whole field of odour determination in ambient air and the measurement of odour nuisance must be approached in the near future with appropriate urgency." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 76–94. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-30.

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