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1
He, Ying, Xueting Liu, Yuyi Huang, Zehong Zou, Huifang Chen, He Lai, Lida Zhang, et al. "Reduction of the Number of Major Representative Allergens: From Clinical Testing to 3-Dimensional Structures." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/291618.
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Vast amounts of allergen sequence data have been accumulated, thus complicating the identification of specific allergenic proteins when performing diagnostic allergy tests and immunotherapy. This study aims to rank the importance/potency of the allergens so as to logically reduce the number of allergens and/or allergenic sources. Meta-analysis of 62 allergenic sources used for intradermal testing on 3,335 allergic patients demonstrated that in southern China, mite, sesame, spiny amaranth,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and house dust account for 88.0% to 100% of the observed positive reactions to the 62 types of allergenic sources tested. TheKolmogorov-SmironovTest results of the website-obtained allergen data and allergen family featured peptides suggested that allergen research in laboratories worldwide has been conducted in parallel on many of the same species. The major allergens were reduced to 21 representative allergens, which were further divided into seven structural classes, each of which contains similar structural components. This study therefore has condensed numerous allergenic sources and major allergens into fewer major representative ones, thus allowing for the use of a smaller number of allergens when conducting comprehensive allergen testing and immunotherapy treatments.
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Białek, Sławomir, and Katarzyna Białek-Gosk. "Modern diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy – molecular diagnosis of allergies." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 52, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0008.9630.
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Diagnostic difficulties resulting from the imperfections of natural allergen extracts inspired to use genetic engineering techniques to produce recombinant allergens or obtaining highly purified components (component) allergen. This led to the development of modern diagnostic technique in allergy or molecular diagnostics. The basis for understanding the molecular diagnosis of allergies is to know the properties of allergens. Each allergen is composed of various proteins known. component capable of sensitizing allergen, and each component includes a plurality of epitopes that can be divided into one species-specific epitopes, and the identical amino acid structure of the epitopes derived from different species. Specific epitopes are responsible for primary sensitization, while the epitopes with similar structures are responsible for cross-reactions. Finding sensitization several epitopes is a strong indication of the occurrence of much more dangerous allergic reactions than only one epitope. In addition, molecular diagnosis of allergies allows for personalized diagnosis of allergic patients. It enables the assessment of individual risk of allergic symptoms and allows you to distinguish the original from allergy symptoms caused by cross-reactions. It should be noted, however, that the diagnosis of allergy should be based on a comprehensive evaluation of the results and their confrontation with data from the interview. The mere detection of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, even the method of molecular diagnostics, without the presence of clinical symptoms does not confirm an allergy or illness. Only goes to confirm that the body of such a person is allergic and that the symptoms of this condition may at some point reveal but not necessarily.
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Gervazieva, V. B., P. V. Samoylikov, V. M. Berzhets, L. A. Pishchulina, S. A. Mazurina, and A. A. Dudorova. "Allergenic extracts from natural and genetically modified soybean." Russian Journal of Allergy 15, no. 5 (December 15, 2018): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja125.
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Background. The wide spread of soybeans both natural and genetically modified (GM) in agriculture and food industry arises a question about the safety of its use, as soy is the most common food allergen among leguminous plants. Meanwhile, there are no registered domestic diagnostic allergens from soybeans in Russia. Objective. The aim of this study was to obtain allergenic extracts from natural and GM soybeans resistant to the herbicide «Roundup» and evaluate their biochemical and allergenic properties. Methods. Soybean extracts were obtained by the Evans-Kok method. The amount of protein nitrogen was determined by the Nessler method. The protein composition of the soybean was determined by the SDSPAGE. Specific activity was assessed in the reaction of NDTK. Allergenic activity was assessed in ELISA according to the sIgE levels to soy in the sera of patients with food allergy. Results. The protein fractions corresponding to known allergens weare revealed by SDS-PAGE in the samples of extracts: natural soybeans - Gly m 3, Gly m 5, and Gly m 6, while GM soybeans - Gly m Bd 30k. In addition to those proteins, in both extracts the 20 kD protein was clearly detected, which can correspond to the inhibitor of trypsin Kunitsa (Hor v 1, CMb, BDR). Allergenic soybean extracts bind sIgE and sIgG in the sera of patients with allergies. Conclusion. The obtained data confirm the high allergenic potential of extracts from natural soybeans, whereas the allergenic activity of GM soybeans extracts is reduced.
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Jappe, Uta, Arabella Karstedt, Daniela Warneke, Saskia Hellmig, Marisa Böttger, Friedrich W. Riffelmann, Regina Treudler, et al. "Identification and Purification of Novel Low-Molecular-Weight Lupine Allergens as Components for Personalized Diagnostics." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020409.
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Lupine flour is a valuable food due to its favorable nutritional properties. In spite of its allergenic potential, its use is increasing. Three lupine species, Lupinus angustifolius, L. luteus, and L. albus are relevant for human nutrition. The aim of this study is to clarify whether the species differ with regard to their allergen composition and whether anaphylaxis marker allergens could be identified in lupine. Patients with the following characteristics were included: lupine allergy, suspected lupine allergy, lupine sensitization only, and peanut allergy. Lupine sensitization was detected via CAP-FEIA (ImmunoCAP) and skin prick test. Protein, DNA and expressed sequence tag (EST) databases were queried for lupine proteins homologous to already known legume allergens. Different extraction methods applied on seeds from all species were examined by SDS-PAGE and screened by immunoblotting for IgE-binding proteins. The extracts underwent different and successive chromatography methods. Low-molecular-weight components were purified and investigated for IgE-reactivity. Proteomics revealed a molecular diversity of the three species, which was confirmed when investigated for IgE-reactivity. Three new allergens, L. albus profilin, L. angustifolius and L. luteus lipid transfer protein (LTP), were identified. LTP as a potential marker allergen for severity is a valuable additional candidate for molecular allergy diagnostic tests.
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Sharikadze, O. V., S. O. Zubchenko, and O. M. Okhotnikova. "The efficacy of allergen-immunotherapy in patients with pollen allergy in the Central and Western regions of Ukraine considering the specifics of their sensitization." Likarska sprava, no. 1-2 (March 26, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.1-2.2019(4).
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Various sorts of weed plants with allergenic properties are extended on the territory of Ukraine. Weed’s distribution has regional characteristics. Clinically significant weed allergens are found in pollen from wormwood, ragweed, quinoa, plantain, and thistle. The main treatment for hay fever is allergen immunotherapy. The modern development of molecular diagnostics makes it possible to clearly identify the main allergen of weed pollen and, on this basis, offer the patient a personalized choice of allergen immunotherapy with the possibility of predicting its effectiveness. In order to determine the characteristics of sensitization to weeds in patients of the Central and Western regions of Ukraine and to evaluate the effectiveness of sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT), 1.400 patients from 3 to 65 years of age were examined in these regions. Patients were evaluated general laboratory and instrumental studies, skin prick-tests (SPT), level total serum and specific IgE and component studies. A two-year course of immunotherapy was performed using sublingual allergens of wormwood and ragweed. Evaluation of the effectiveness of SLIT was performed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). According to the results of the study, positive SPT for mugwort was detected 1.2 times more often among patients in the western regions compared with the central regions. Regarding sensitization to ragweed, on the contrary, it was 3.2 times more often observed in patients of the central region. Component diagnostic data confirmed the results of SPT. Patients taking SLIT showed significantly lower VAS (P < 0.05) compared with patients receiving symptomatic therapy. The regional characteristics of sensitization to various types of weeds were found. Latent sensitization to ragweed is increasingly found in patients in the western regions of Ukraine. Use in patients with AR and/or BA SLIT with standardized allergens is an effective and safe treatment method that allows you to quickly control symptoms.
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Mohamad Yadzir, Zailatul Hani, Brenda Leecyous, and Amelia Suhana Zamri. "Isolation and Cloning of Tropomyosin and Arginine Kinase from Tiger Prawn Penaeus monodon and Blue Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus." Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters 8, no. 2 (March 24, 2020): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol8.2.5.2020.
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Shellfish is an important source of food and plays a significant role in human nutrition and health. However, shellfish allergy is a long-lasting disorder which mostly persists throughout life and is often associated with severe reactions [1]. Among the various consumed shellfish, prawns and crabs are the most widely consumed and can lead to the most severe reactions. At present, allergies to shellfish are diagnosed similarly to other food allergies. The diagnosis relies upon careful evaluation of history, the presence of appropriate clinical signs and confirmation with in vivo or in vitro tests to demonstrate the presence of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) [2]. However, both in vivo or in vitro diagnostic approaches are mainly based on the use of crude allergen extracts. Crude allergen extracts are obtained from biological sources and consist of mixture of allergenic components with high amounts of undesirable products that can interfere with diagnosis. In many cases, only few of the several proteins found in crude allergen extracts act as the essential allergens in the majority of patients that are allergic to the substance. The most important ones are called major allergens. Problems associated with using crude allergen extracts for allergy diagnosis may be overcome with recombinant allergens. Recombinant allergens with high purity can be produced by using controlled production procedures that yield defined molecules with known molecular, immunologic and biological characteristics [1]. Tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and blue swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, are among the widely consumed shellfish in Malaysia. Our earlier study involving 131 atopic patients in Allergy Clinic, Kuala Lumpur Hospital demonstrated that patients in Malaysia suffering from allergic responses to shellfish including tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and blue swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Amongst the shellfish extracts tested, prawn elicited the highest frequency of positive reactivity in 39% of the patients. Further, crab was the second most common shellfish to elicit a positive reaction in 24% of the patients [3]. Our first phase study has successfully identified tropomyosin and arginine kinase as the major allergens in both species of shellfish. However, more information about the individual allergenic species-specific components is needed. Therefore, we continued our study to isolate and clone the tropomyosin and arginine kinase from these two species of shellfish, tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and blue swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Tropomyosin and arginine kinase were isolated from the total RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) obtained from both prawn and crab muscles followed by RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction). The RT-PCR products were then cloned into the cloning vector, pJET 1.2 and transformed into Escherichia coli host. Transformants were screened for positive clones by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) colony and sequenced. The 855 bp tropomyosins have been isolated and sequenced from both prawn and crab. Arginine kinases isolated and sequenced from prawn and crab were 1071 bp and 1074 bp, respectively (Figure 1). The GenBank BLAST search for the sequences showed high homology to the targeted proteins as shown in Table 1. Tropomyosin is a 34 to 38 kDa heat-stable protein that belongs to a highly conserved family of actin filament binding proteins, which plays a functional role in contractile activities in muscle cells [4]. Arginine kinase is a 40 to 42 kDa heat-labile protein that plays an important role in regenerating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during bursts of cellular activity [5]. Tropomyosin and arginine kinase from the prawn and crab have been isolated and the full-length sequences were obtained. Current ongoing study focuses on sub-cloning and full-length expression of tropomyosin and arginine kinase in order to produce respective recombinant proteins, and subsequently investigate their physicochemical and allergenic characteristics.
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Braren, Ingke, Simon Blank, Henning Seismann, Susanne Deckers, Markus Ollert, Thomas Grunwald, and Edzard Spillner. "Generation of Human Monoclonal Allergen-Specific IgE and IgG Antibodies from Synthetic Antibody Libraries." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.078360.
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Abstract Background: Allergen-specific IgE and IgG antibodies play pivotal roles in the induction and progression of allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Consequently, monoclonal human IgE and IgG4 antibodies with defined specificity for allergens should be useful in allergy research and diagnostic tests. We used combinatorial antibody libraries and subsequent recombinant production to make and assess IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 allergen-specific antibodies. Methods: We used phage display to select a synthetic single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) library against 3 different allergens, from bee venom, bovine milk, and apple. The scFv obtained were converted into IgG1, IgG4, and IgE antibody formats and assessed for their biochemical properties by ELISA, immunoblotting, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Results: Two different antibody formats for each IgG1, IgG4, and IgE antibody were produced in mammalian cells as disulfide-linked and glycosylated Ig, which were usable in allergen-specific ELISA assays and immunoblots. In addition, the recombinant IgE antibodies mediated the binding of allergens to HEK-293 cells transfected with the high-affinity IgE receptor, and this binding was blocked by corresponding IgG antibodies. Conclusions: The use of synthetic libraries for the generation of allergen-specific recombinant IgE and IgG antibodies should have broad applications in allergological research and diagnosis.
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Riecken, Susanne, Buko Lindner, Arnd Petersen, Uta Jappe, and Wolf-Meinhard Becker. "Purification and characterization of natural Ara h 8, the Bet v 1 homologous allergen from peanut, provides a novel isoform." Biological Chemistry 389, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2008.038.
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Abstract The peanut allergen Ara h 8 is an important allergen for birch pollen allergic patients because of the cross-reactivity to the homologous Bet v 1. As the existence of Ara h 8 has been shown at the cDNA level so far (AY328088) and the allergen has indirectly been detected as natural protein, it was the aim of our study to identify natural Ara h 8 in peanut extract and to develop a purification strategy. This was achieved using a unique combination of purification steps, including optimized extraction conditions, size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography and treatment of the interfering contaminants with iodo-acetic acid. A characterization of the protein by microsequencing showed discrepancies to the deduced amino acid sequence of AY328088. For this reason, we cloned and expressed a new Ara h 8 isoform from cDNA (EU046325). This IgE-reactive protein corresponds to the results of microsequencing, ESI-FTICR-MS and trypsin fingerprinting analysis of the authentic and purified nAra h 8. Apart from the ultimate use of recombinant allergens for diagnostic procedures, there is also a scientific need for the natural counterpart, as it represents an excellent reference point by which to compare protein characteristics and to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic allergens.
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Glushko, N. I., V. M. Lukashkov, E. N. Shakhbazov, E. N. Shakhbazov, and V. I. Shaikhrazieva. "Development, properties and clinical use of fungous allergens." Kazan medical journal 79, no. 5 (September 14, 1998): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj64528.
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The diagnostic allergens from yeast-like and mold fungi of 18 names are developed and studied. The drugs are polysaccharide protein complexes, they do not contain toxic components and conservants. They are used for the diagnosis of sensibilization in vivo and in vitro as well as for immunotherapy.
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Khramov, V. V., R. K. Burnasheva, and R. S. Fassakhov. "Development, properties and clinical use of fungous allergens." Kazan medical journal 79, no. 5 (September 14, 1998): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj64531.
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The diagnostic allergens from yeast-like and mold fungi of 18 names are developed and studied. The drugs are polysaccharide protein complexes, they do not contain toxic components and conservants. They are used for the diagnosis of sensibilization in vivo and in vitro as well as for immunotherapy.
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Hu, Haisheng, Zhifeng Huang, Wenting Luo, Xiangwei Zou, Hao Chen, Chenxi Liao, and Baoqing Sun. "Allergen diagnosis strategy: An experimental application of different methods in Guangzhou, Southern China." Science Progress 104, no. 1 (January 2021): 003685042199727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850421997277.
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Different methods have different diagnostic value under diverse clinical conditions. This study was conducted to analyze the clinical practical value of different assays in different situations and to establish the concept of an allergen diagnosis strategy. This study used Phadia CAP, Advan Sure (AdvS), Euroline Camera (ELC), and Allergy Lateral Flow Assay (ALFA) kits to detect allergen specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) in the sera from 30 allergic asthma patients, with Phadia CAP as the gold standard. This study found high sensitivity for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in AdvS (92.6%), ELC (88.9%), and ALFA (85.2%), but poor sensitivity for F. domesticus in all three assays. Furthermore, the AdvS, ELC, and ALFA assays could detect 20, 21, and 8 allergens in one panel, respectively. The combination of the results showed that 93.3% and 46.7% of patients tested positive for ≥5 and ≥10 types of allergens, respectively. All patients who were tested positive for the Marine fish mixture were positive for both Shrimp and Crab. Similarly, patients who were tested positive for Chicken also tested positive for Pork. Optimal scale analysis showed a strong connection between Peanut, Soybean, Wheat, Japanese Hop, Western ragweed, and Oak allergens (Cronbach’s α = 91.1%). The ELC assay was more suitable for use in pollen-rich areas, whereas the ALFA assay was easy to establish in areas with poor medical conditions. An allergen diagnosis strategy needs to be considered for use in clinical practice.
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Namazova-Baranova, L. S., M. A. Snovskaya, I. L. Mitushin, O. V. Kozhevnikova, and A. S. Batyrova. "Peculiarities of Allergy Diagnosis in Children." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 72, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn799.
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Allergic disease is a serious problem in practical healthcare. Over the last 40 years there has been exponential growth in the prevalence. According to the world health organization information, allergic diseases are at the 2nd place in prevalence the children, behind the viral infections. Their frequency and severity are increasing. In this regard, the relevance of timely and skilled diagnostic allergopathology is most important. In this study the current state of the question of allergy diagnostics is considered, the international experience is summarized and the approach to the allergy diagnosis based on use of step-by-step identification of a causal and significant factor of allergic reactions is offered. On the basis of the analysis of relevance and the importance for patients of one or the other allergens (taking into account a source of allergens and age of patients) use of a step-by-step allergy diagnostics algorithm is offered. The first step is definition of clinical implications of an allergy. It means direct contact of the phisition with the patient, clarification of its complaints, clinical symptoms, medical history disease. The second step is the confirmation of IgE-dependent mechanism. It involves the using of screening tests that are selected depending on the clinical symptoms and seasonality manifestations (the screening module). The third step is to identify the source of the allergens that are most meaningful for the patient with using test panels (modules). The panels include the most common and clinically relevant triggers of allergic reactions. The fourth step is the search for an individual significant allergens, which were not included in the diagnostic modules. On the fifth step, we plan to conduct component-divided diagnostics and detect the antibodies to unique components of significant allergens. The developed diagnostics algorithm, corresponds to needs of both the adult, and children’s population and provides the personalized approach to the patients.
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Jeseňák, Miloš, and Peter Bánovčin. "Atopy Patch Test in the Diagnosis of Food Allergy in Children with Atopic Dermatitis." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 49, no. 4 (2006): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.132.
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Atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) is one of the most common chronic allergic diseases in children. Among the allergens found to be relevant in AEDS, aeroallergens and food allergens are the most important. The exposure of these patients to their relevant protein allergens can trigger an exacerbation or maintain the disease. AEDS is frequently associated with food allergy, which complicates the management in approximately 40% of these children. Atopy patch test (APT) can help in detecting food allergies in children with AEDS. The earliest publication on patch testing in eczema was described in 1937 by Rostenberg, but the first controlled clinical trial was provided by Mitchell in 1982. APT with food allergens were introduced into clinical use in 1996 by the group of Isolauri. APT test is performed epicutaneously with typical immediate-type allergens (aeroallergens or foods). As a number of apparently minor test modifications greatly influence the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the APT, the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD) has developed a standardized APT technique. APT has developed into a valuable additional tool in the diagnostic work-up of food allergy in infants and children with atopic dermatitis.
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Popielarz, Maria, and Aneta Krogulska. "The importance of component-resolved diagnostics in IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i3.74.
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Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is an increasingly common problem among children and adults that requires the use of appropriate diagnostics to eliminate allergic reactions and prevent unnec-essary dietary regimes. The current diagnostics methods are imperfect hence new, more effective methods are still being sought. Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) is one of them. CRD assesses sensitivity to individual allergen molecules using purified native or recombinant allergens. The present paper reviews the role of CRD in diagnosing CMA, as well as the benefits and limitations of its use, especially in predicting allergy development or acquiring immunotolerance. It examines the possibility of replacing the current gold diagnostic standard with component tests directed against specific milk proteins. In addition, CRD could be helpful in the evaluation of prognosis. However, CRD allows for improvement in clinical management, particularly of polysensitized subjects, there is still no cogent evidence that it offers more efficient CMA diagnostics than existing tests.
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Reynolds, Timothy M., and Patrick J. Twomey. "Can we manage demand for allergy testing by restricting requests to a small number of prime target allergens?" Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 44, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/000456307781645987.
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Background: Demand for expensive tests such as allergen-specific IgE is expanding far faster than for cheaper tests: at Burton Hospital the annual growth rate is 24%. Different hospitals have different policies on allergen testing. We report a comparison of the effect of requesting policy on diagnostic yield. Methods: All results from five years of allergen testing were downloaded from the data warehouse at Burton, and a representative sample of recent results was evaluated from Ipswich Hospital. Statistical analysis by x2 test and significance tests for differences of proportions were carried out. Results: Ipswich hospital used a standard four-allergen panel for respiratory patients and demonstrated a statistically significantly lower positivity rate for three of those four allergens. No relationship between the number of allergens tested and the probability of a positive result was shown - the probability of a positive result was approximately 0.3. Number of allergen-specific IgE tests requested/patient have remained roughly constant over 5½ years but total demand has increased. Conclusions: Selective requesting for allergen-specific IgE testing may be more effective than use of a standard panel but this cannot be conclusively proven. It is not appropriate to attempt to limit workload by specifying a maximum number of tests that are allowed for any individual patient.
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Madan, Taruna, Priyanka Priyadarsiny, Mudit Vaid, Neel Kamal, Ashok Shah, Wahajul Haq, Seturam Bandacharya Katti, and P. Usha Sarma. "Use of a Synthetic Peptide Epitope of Asp f 1, a Major Allergen or Antigen of Aspergillus fumigatus, for Improved Immunodiagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, no. 3 (May 2004): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.3.552-558.2004.
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ABSTRACT Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an immunologically complex allergic disorder caused by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Elevated levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE, and IgG antibodies in sera are important immunodiagnostic criteria for ABPA. International reference standards or standardized immunodiagnostic assays are not available due to a lack of well-defined diagnostic antigens. The present study was carried out to identify and evaluate the immunodiagnostic relevance of synthetic epitopic peptides of Asp f 1, a major allergen, antigen, or cytotoxin of A. fumigatus. Five overlapping peptides were synthesized from the N terminus of Asp f 1, one of the potential immunodominant regions predicted by algorithmic programs. The 11-amino-acid synthetic peptide (P1) significantly inhibited both IgG binding (89.10% ± 4.45%) and IgE binding (77.32% ± 3.38%) of the standardized diagnostic antigen (SDA) (a well-defined pool of diagnostically relevant allergens and antigens of A. fumigatus). With a panel of sera of ABPA patients, allergic patients with skin test negativity to A. fumigatus, and healthy individuals, P1 showed a higher diagnostic efficiency than SDA (specific IgG, 100%; specific IgE, 98.3%). The diagnostic efficiency of P1 could be attributed to the presence of homologous epitopes in various immunodominant allergens or antigens of A. fumigatus. The ability of P1 to induce histamine release from sensitized mast cells and a Th2 type of cytokine profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ABPA patients suggests its potential for use in intradermal testing. P1 could be further explored for development of a standardized, specific, and sensitive immunodiagnostic test for aspergillosis.
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Rodríguez, David, Ricardo Palacios, Jorge Martínez, Jorge A. Guisantes, and Idoia Postigo. "Kinetics of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae growth and an analysis of the allergen expression in semi-synthetic culture medium." Acarologia 61, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20214439.
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Currently, several mite growth culture media used in the production of allergenic extracts contain animal-derived components that limit their use in diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae mites in a semi-synthetic medium without animal-derived proteins to produce highly reproducible allergenic extracts for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes to be more consistent with the regulations of health authorities. Both species of mites showed optimal growth in the semi-synthetic culture medium. The highest expression of allergens Der p 1 and Der f 1 was observed at the last phases of mite growth. Semi-synthetic media without animal-derived proteins facilitated excellent growth rates of house dust mites in cultures. Adjusting the cultivation time to decide the optimal time point for the processing of the extracts is decisive.
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Westwood, Marie, Bram Ramaekers, Shona Lang, Nigel Armstrong, Caro Noake, Shelley de Kock, Manuela Joore, Johan Severens, and Jos Kleijnen. "ImmunoCAP® ISAC and Microtest for multiplex allergen testing in people with difficult to manage allergic disease: a systematic review and cost analysis." Health Technology Assessment 20, no. 67 (September 2016): 1–178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta20670.
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BackgroundAllergy is a form of immune-mediated exaggerated sensitivity (hypersensitivity) to a substance that is either inhaled, swallowed, injected or comes into contact with the skin. Foreign substances that provoke allergies are called allergens. It has been claimed that multiplex allergen testing may help in diagnosing the cause of symptoms in patients with an unclear cause of allergy or who are allergic to more than one substance.ObjectivesTo evaluate multiplex allergen testing [devices that can measure the presence of multiple immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in a patient’s blood at the same time], by assessing (1) clinical effectiveness (allergy symptoms, incidence of acute exacerbations, mortality, adverse events of testing and treatment, health-care presentations or admissions, health-related quality of life); (2) effects on treatment (diet, immunotherapy medications, other potential testing); (3) any additional diagnostic information provided by multiplex allergen testing; and (4) cost-effectiveness (cost of different assessment strategies).MethodsFifteen databases were searched from 2005 to April 2015, including MEDLINE (via OvidSp), MEDLINE In-Process Citations, MEDLINE Daily Update, PubMed (National Library of Medicine), EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database, Science Citation Index (SCI), Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S), BIOSIS Previews, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) HTA programme, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); supplementary searches of conference proceedings and trials registries were performed. Review methods followed published guidance from the Cochrane Collaboration and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, UK. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate published tools or a review-specific tool designed by the project team. Studies were summarised in a narrative synthesis. Owing to a lack of data on the clinical effectiveness of multiplex allergen testing, no long-term cost-effectiveness model was developed. A conceptual model structure was developed and cost analyses were performed to examine the short-term costs of various possible diagnostic pathways.ResultsFifteen studies were included in the review. The very limited available data indicated that the addition of multiplex allergen testing [ImmunoCAP®Immuno Solid-phase Allergen Chip (ISAC), Thermo Fisher Scientific/Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden] to standard diagnostic work-up can change the clinicians’ views on the diagnosis, management and treatment of patients. There was some indication that the use of ImmunoCAP ISAC testing may be useful to guide decisions on the discontinuation of restrictive diets, the content of allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) prescriptions, and whether or not patients should receive SIT. However, none of the studies that we identified reported any information on clinical outcomes subsequent to changes in treatment or management. There was some evidence that ImmunoCAP ISAC may be useful for discriminating allergens that are structurally similar and are recognised by the same IgE antibody (cross-immunoreactive). No data were available for Microtest (Microtest Matrices Ltd, London, UK). Detailed cost analyses suggested that multiplex allergen testing would have to result in a substantial reduction of the proportions of patients receiving single IgE testing and oral food challenge tests in order to be cost-saving in the short term.ConclusionsNo recommendations for service provision can be made based on the analyses included in this report. It is suggested that a consensus-based protocol for the use of multiplex allergen testing be developed. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the proposed protocol should then be assessed by comparing long-term clinical and quality of life outcomes and resource use in patients managed using the protocol with those managed using a standard diagnostic pathway.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015019739.FundingThis project was a Diagnostic Assessment Report commissioned by the NIHR HTA programme on behalf of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
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Wai, Christine Y. Y., Nicki Y. H. Leung, Ka Hou Chu, Patrick S. C. Leung, Agnes S. Y. Leung, Gary W. K. Wong, and Ting Fan Leung. "Overcoming Shellfish Allergy: How Far Have We Come?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21062234.
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Shellfish allergy caused by undesirable immunological responses upon ingestion of crustaceans and mollusks is a common cause of food allergy, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. While the prevalence of shellfish allergy is increasing, the mainstay of clinical diagnosis for these patients includes extract-based skin prick test and specific IgE measurement while clinical management consists of food avoidance and as-needed use of adrenaline autoinjector should they develop severe allergic reactions. Such a standard of care is unsatisfactory to both patients and healthcare practitioners. There is a pressing need to introduce more specific diagnostic methods, as well as effective and safe therapies for patients with shellfish allergy. Knowledge gained on the identifications and defining the immuno-molecular features of different shellfish allergens over the past two decades have gradually translated into the design of new diagnostic and treatment options for shellfish allergy. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology, the molecular identification of shellfish allergens, recent progress in various diagnostic methods, as well as current development in immunotherapeutic approaches including the use of unmodified allergens, hypoallergens, immunoregulatory peptides and DNA vaccines for the prevention and treatment of shellfish allergy. The prospect of a “cure “for shellfish allergy is within reach.
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Németh, Dominik. "Alteration among the patch test allergens in the environmental standard baseline series of the Allergology Laboratory of the National Dermatological and Venereological Institute and the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology of Semmelweis University." Bőrgyógyászati és Venerológiai Szemle 97, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7188/bvsz.2021.97.1.4.
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The patch test has been the standard diagnostic tool of verifying contact hypersensitivity for decades. The test’s methodological elements and the tested allergen groups are the achievements of a dynamically changing process of the 20th century. Most commonly, the environmental standard baseline series is used in everyday clinical practice. Te frst environmental series in Hungary, which was recommended for national use, was created in the Allergology Laboratory of the National Dermatological and Venereological Institute in the 1970 years. It consisted of 21 allergens. Afer the Institute’s closure, the Semmelweis University, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology continued to perform the patch testing. Te number of the baseline series members became more than doubled by now. This review aims to summarise the alterations in the environmental standard baseline series of the Allergology Laboratory of the National Dermatological and Venereological Institute and the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology of the Semmelweis University and the sensitisation frequencies registered from 1976 to 2016 per 10 year periods.
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Cudowska, Beata, A. Brenda Kapingidza, Magdalena Pawłowicz, Agnieszka Pampuch, Noah Hyduke, Swanandi Pote, Caleb R. Schlachter, Dariusz M. Lebensztejn, Maksymilian Chruszcz, and Krzysztof Kowal. "Production and Use of Recombinant Profilins Amb a 8, Art v 4, Bet v 2, and Phl p 12 for Allergenic Sensitization Studies." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020369.
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Four recombinant (r) allergens (rAmb a 8.0101, rArt v 4.0101, rBet v 2.0101, and rPhl p 12.0101) were successfully produced and used for sensitization studies. The allergens belong to the profilin family which is one of the most numerous allergen families. These four proteins represent allergens originating from pollen of weeds (rAmb a 8.0101 and rArt v 4.0101), tree (rBet v 2.0101) and grass (rPhl p 12.0101). The recombinant allergens were characterized using various biochemical and biophysical methods and tested for their ability to bind patient-derived antibodies. One hundred patients aged 2 to 50 years sensitized to pollen and plant-derived food allergens (IgE > 0.35 kU/L) were included. Sensitization to individual allergen sources and components of birch and timothy pollens was evaluated using multiparameter immunoblots. The presence of IgE to pollen-derived recombinant profilins rAmb a 8.0101, rArt v 4.0101, rBet v 2.0101, and rPhl p 12.0101 in serum was evaluated using ELISA method. The presence of IgE against pollen profilins was detected in 20 out of 100 studied patients. High correlation was seen between IgE ELISA results with individual pollen profilins. In summary, it was shown that the recombinant versions of the four allergenic profilins can be used for sensitization studies and for component-resolved allergy diagnostics.
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Pendjer, I., I. Boricic, V. Arsic, Z. Dudvarski, J. Dotlic, O. Jovicevic, and Lj Janosevic. "Fungal sinusitis diagnostic management and classification." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 56, no. 3 (2009): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0903145p.
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The aim of this paper is to present the current classification of fungal sinusitis and share our experiences in diagnostic procedures and treatment outcomes. The study includes 31 patients operated since 2000-2009. in whome some form of fungal infection had been diagnosed. There were 10 patients with mycetoma, and 16 patients with chronic non-invasive fungal sinusitis, while in five patients allergic fungal sinusitis was proven. All patients were treated postoperatively with topical steroids and irrigation with saline solution, without use of fungicides. Characteristics of chronic non-invasive funga sinusitis and mycetoma are CT with specific opacification and calcification with involement of maxillary sinus unilaterally or bilateral together with pathohistological finding of positive staining by Grocott with the identification of fungi from secret or tissue. Allergic fungal sinusitis is characterized by eosinophilia, positive skin test to fungal allergens, elevated serum level of both specific IgE antibodies to causal fungus and total IgE, as well as, pathohistological finding of allergic mucus which include non-invasive hifa. Fungal sinusitis in immunocompetent patients is classified into the following categories: mycetoma, chronic non-invasive fungal sinusitis, chronic indolent sinusitis (which does not occur in our population) and allergic fungal sinusitis.
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Anadón, A. M., E. Rodríguez, M. T. Gárate, C. Cuéllar, F. Romarís, T. Chivato, M. Rodero, H. González-Díaz, and F. M. Ubeira. "Diagnosing Human Anisakiasis: Recombinant Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 Allergens versus the UniCAP 100 Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 4 (January 27, 2010): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00443-09.
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ABSTRACT Commercially available serological methods for serodiagnosis of human anisakiasis either are poorly specific or do not include some of the most relevant Anisakis allergens. The use of selected recombinant allergens may improve serodiagnosis. To compare the diagnostic and clinical values of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods based on Ani s 1 and Ani s 7 recombinant allergens and of the UniCAP 100 fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (CAP FEIA) system, we tested sera from 495 allergic and 25 non-food-related allergic patients. The decay in specific IgE antibodies in serum was also investigated in 15 positive patients over a period of 6 to 38 months. Considering sera that tested positive by either Ani s 1 or Ani s 7 ELISA, the CAP FEIA classified 25% of sera as falsely positive, mainly in the group of patients with the lowest levels of anti-Anisakis IgE antibodies, and 1.28% of positive sera as falsely negative. Considering allergens individually, the overall sensitivities of Ani s 7 ELISA and Ani s 1 ELISA were 94% and 61%, respectively. The results also showed that anti-Anisakis IgE antibodies can be detected in serum for longer with Ani s 1 ELISA than with Ani s 7 ELISA and CAP FEIA (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that ELISA methods with Ani s 7 and Ani s 1 allergens as targets of IgE antibodies are currently the best option for serodiagnosis of human anisakiasis, combining specificity and sensitivity. The different persistence of anti-Ani s 1 and anti-Ani s 7 antibodies in serum may help clinicians to distinguish between recent and old Anisakis infections.
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Klimek, L., A. S. Hammerbacher, P. W. Hellings, W. J. Fokkens, H. J. Hoffmann, A. Muraro, and N. Papadopulos. "The influence of European legislation on the use of diagnostic test allergens for nasal allergen provocation in routine care of patients with allergic rhinitis." Rhinology journal 53, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhin14.316.
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Gushchin, I. S., and I. V. Danilycheva. "Allergen-specific skin prick tests in allergist practice." Russian Journal of Allergy 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2013): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja523.
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Identification of patient’s allergen-specific hypersensitivity and its clinical value is a basis of the right choice allergen-specific treatment. The problem is solved by an allergist with the use of different diagnostic methods. The most important stage of diagnostics is an allergen-specific skin testing more widely used as a skin prick testing (SPT). The paper concerns SPT technique, indications and contraindications for the testing, interpretations of SPT results, performance at certain groups of patients, the most probable mistakes in carrying out SPT, the reasons of false positive and false negative results, a comparative assessment of SPT and other methods of allergen-specific diagnostics, requirements to allergenic extracts.
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Tsai, Lee-Hou, Jeng-Wen Lin, and Ko-Huang Lue. "Study protocol to investigate the correlation between Tourette syndrome and allergy in children and adolescents." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 12 (December 2020): 030006052097392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520973921.
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Objective Noting that the usefulness of cases diagnosed in administrative registers is dependent on diagnostic validity, in this study, we aim to elucidate the correlation between Tourette syndrome and allergy in children and adolescents, specifically with regard to incidence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis. Methods Based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, we intend to enroll 200 children and adolescents aged 18 years and younger, accompanied by their parents, for a duration of 2 years. We will administer an anonymous questionnaire in a case–control study. We will use the chi-squared test to evaluate differences between cases and controls. Results According to the European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, the proportion of allergic diseases expected in patients with Tourette syndrome is 53.1% (17/32) and 22.9% (8/35) in the controls. Setting the type 1 error to 0.05 and the power to 0.8, we will ensure a 1:2 case-to-control ratio. Conclusions This study protocol describes our analysis of anonymous questionnaire responses. Comorbidity rates, environmental factors, and genetic factors for various allergens, allergies, and other neuropsychiatric disorders will be studied.
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Bychkova, N. V. "Basophil activation: theoretical aspects and use in the diagnosis of allergic diseases." Medical Immunology (Russia) 23, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-bat-2174.
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Diagnostics of allergic diseases is a difficult issue, which requires distinct solutions, since this disorder is very common among the population. The overview focuses on complex diagnostics, including various methods that are most in demand at the present stage. The allergy diagnostics primarily include taking anamnesis, physical examination, instrumental and functional tests. Less often, the provocative tests are used, due to risk of severe adverse reactions. At the present stage, the role of laboratory diagnostics of allergies is growing, since, firstly, there is an increase in difficult-to-diagnose cases that require involvement of the entire medical armamentarium, and, secondly, the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests are improving. Among laboratory methods, the most significant are the assessment of the level of specific IgE, and the relatively new basophile activation test. The latter test is the main focus of the present review. It is functional and combines the advantages of provocative tests, during which conditions are created for the interaction of a potential allergen and effector cells of allergic inflammation, keeping safety for the patient. The data on the life cycle of basophils, their expression of membrane receptors, the content of granules, and ability to produce additional inflammatory mediators by the cells are presented. Participation of these cells in pathogenesis of allergic inflammation is being considered. Various mechanisms of basophil activation are discussed, both IgE-mediated and IgE-independent, which are similar in vivo and in vitro. Theoretical aspects of using the in vitro basophil activation test to estimate the hypersensitivity to a wide range of allergens are discussed. High sensitivity and specificity of the test for diagnosing allergies to food, household, pollen, insect and drug allergens are presented. Specific features of the basophil activation test related to the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical stages of the study are highlighted. The factors influencing evaluation of this method are known. For example, difficulties in interpreting the test may arise while taking glucocorticosteroid hormones, in acute period of inflammation, with severe edema. The possibility of using this test to assess effectiveness of allergen-specific and anti-IgE therapy is being considered. A comparison of the basophil activation test, measurement of specific IgE and skin tests by various parameters related to performance and interpretation of results is carried out. Comprehensive diagnostics of allergic diseases, including usage of pathogenetically determined laboratory methods, will contribute to adequate treatment and, as a result, improve the health of the population.
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Ballmer-Weber, B. K., A. Wangorsch, B. Bohle, S. Kaul, T. Kundig, K. Fotisch, R. van Ree, and S. Vieths. "Component-resolved in vitro diagnosis in carrot allergy: Does the use of recombinant carrot allergens improve the reliability of the diagnostic procedure?" Clinical Experimental Allergy 35, no. 7 (July 2005): 970–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02294.x.
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D’Errico, Stefano, Alessandro Santurro, Matteo Scopetti, Paola Frati, and Vittorio Fineschi. "Fatal food-induced anaphylaxis: Determination of tryptase and specific IgE on cadaveric blood samples. What else for a better methodological standard?" International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 34 (January 2020): 205873842095057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058738420950579.
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Post-mortem investigation in cases of fatal anaphylaxis is required to provide clarifications on the presence of macroscopic pathological changes, histological features, and immunohistochemical positivity suggestive of the diagnosis, on biochemical evidence of anaphylaxis and on the presence of serological data indicative of the allergen responsible for the anaphylactic reaction. We describe the case of a 16-year-old boy with a medical history of allergic asthma, celiac disease, and known food-induced allergy for fish, fresh milk, peanuts, hazelnuts, walnuts, apples, kiwis, and peaches. Acute onset of dyspnea followed by cyanosis of the lips and respiratory failure was described immediately after having an ice cream sandwich. Unsuccessful rescues were immediately attempted with oral administration of betamethasone, intramuscular injection of adrenaline, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A complete post-mortem examination was performed. Serum dosage of mast cell beta-tryptase from femoral blood detecting serum values of 41.4 mg/l. Determination of specific IgE on cadaveric blood samples confirmed the anamnestic data related to sensitization for several food allergens, including cod parvalbumin, tropomyosin, brazil nut, omega-5-gliadin of foods derived from wheat and gluten. The cause of death was identified in a cardiorespiratory failure due to anaphylactic shock in a poly-allergic subject and anaphylaxis was ascribed to the wheat contained in the ice cream sandwich eaten immediately before the onset of respiratory symptoms. The need is to implement an interdisciplinary approach capable to ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic tests currently in use as well as to evaluate the possibility of introducing new biomarkers in practice.
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Herkert, Patricia F., Rafaela F. Amatuzzi, Lysangela R. Alves, and Marcio L. Rodrigues. "Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for the Delivery of Biologically Active Fungal Molecules." Current Protein & Peptide Science 20, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 1027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666190529124055.
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures surrounded by a lipid bilayer required for the export of fungal proteins, lipids, toxins, nucleic acids, pigments, and polysaccharides. Proteomic studies of the content of fungal EVs revealed the presence of molecules involved in cell metabolism, signal transduction, and virulence, among others. EVs are evolutionarily conserved in all three domains of life and play important roles in cell-cell communication. Recently, the bidirectional transport of EVs was characterized through the demonstration that EVs can be released and captured by fungal cells. In fungi, EVs participate in immunomodulation through the delivery of virulence factors, antigens and allergens, but further studies are necessary to investigate their potential roles as carriers of diagnostic biomarkers and in drug delivery or antifungal resistance transmission. In this review, we discuss the roles of fungal EVs and their cargo in cell-cell communication, host-pathogen interactions, and environmental perception. The functions of EVs as vehicles for transporting fungal proteins and virulence factors are also addressed, as well as their use as biomarkers for the diagnosis of diseases and possible participation in antifungal responses.
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Sagi, T. M., Jose Sebastian, and R. Harikumaran Nair. "Prevalence of latex allergy among clinical laboratory workers of kerala: diagnostic approach by questionnaire survey (QBLH), hematological study and ige screening with ELISA." Asian Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/ajhs.v1i1.413.
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The use of latex glove has increased several folds due to concern about blood borne infections.Latex allergy has become a global epidemic affecting health care workers, industry workers and patients.The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of latex glove allergy among clinical laboratory workers in Kerala, India. The study also aimed to find out easy diagnostic procedures for the assessment of latex glove allergy. Methodology: Epidemiological study by a modified questionnaire based latex hypersensitivity, Haematological studies like Peripheral Blood Smear examination for eosinophilia, Absolute Eosinophil Count and IgE specific antibody assay. Observations: Out of 234 laboratory workers participated in the Questionnaire Based Latex Hypersensitivity study, all responded well to the study, seven shows positivity. The positive seven subjects were included in further studies. The blood samples of them revealed high eosinophilia in peripheral blood smear with high absolute eosinophilic count .IgE antibody shows high value in the five cases. Conclusion: Due to lower exposure to sensitizing latex allergens, there is low prevalence of latex allergy in clinical laboratory workers of Kerala. Questionnaire survey, Peripheral Blood Smear, Absolute Eosinophil Count and IgE antibody assay can be used as a useful tool for diagnosis of latex allergy than using skin prick test with more risk.
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Choi, Jane, Kar Yong, Jean Choi, and Alistair Cowie. "Emerging Point-of-care Technologies for Food Safety Analysis." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 17, 2019): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040817.
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Food safety issues have recently attracted public concern. The deleterious effects of compromised food safety on health have rendered food safety analysis an approach of paramount importance. While conventional techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry have traditionally been utilized for the detection of food contaminants, they are relatively expensive, time-consuming and labor intensive, impeding their use for point-of-care (POC) applications. In addition, accessibility of these tests is limited in developing countries where food-related illnesses are prevalent. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop simple and robust diagnostic POC devices. POC devices, including paper- and chip-based devices, are typically rapid, cost-effective and user-friendly, offering a tremendous potential for rapid food safety analysis at POC settings. Herein, we discuss the most recent advances in the development of emerging POC devices for food safety analysis. We first provide an overview of common food safety issues and the existing techniques for detecting food contaminants such as foodborne pathogens, chemicals, allergens, and toxins. The importance of rapid food safety analysis along with the beneficial use of miniaturized POC devices are subsequently reviewed. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives of developing the miniaturized POC devices for food safety monitoring are briefly discussed.
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Zaikov, S. V., I. P. Kaidashev, and G. L. Gumeniuk. "The problem of hypersensitivity to local anesthetics." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3 (October 10, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3-43-51.
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ABSTRACT. The problem of the development of adverse reactions as a result of the use of diagnostic and medicinal products (drugs) in medicine is becoming increasingly important. Patients more often note reactions to local anesthetics (LA) – 43.2 %, antibiotics – 18.8 %, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – 9.7 %, other drugs – 28.4 %. LA include two chemical groups: esters of benzoic acid (Ester-type anesthetics), which are potentially allergens, and amides (Amide-type anesthetics), which have virtually no allergenic potential. Based on the history for doctor is often difficult to assess the risk of allergic reactions, so if in the past the patient had a side effect of LA, then these drugs should be skin and provocative tests, having obtained the informed consent of the subject to conduct them. Skin prick tests are used for initial diagnosis in patients with suspected LA allergy. If the results of the pre-test and intradermal test are negative, a subcutaneous challenge test with LA is performed. Skin testing for suspected hypersensitivity (НS) of the delayed type begins with application (patch) tests and only with a negative result using an intradermal test with LA. Laboratory methods for diagnosing НS to LA are used much less often than skin and provocative tests, because for many drugs the appropriate methods have not been developed, as well as because it is a time-consuming and expensive method of diagnosis. Therapeutic tactics in the event of НS to LA include providing patients with emergency care in the development of anaphylaxis and treatment of other clinical manifestations of HS reactions in accordance with existing international and domestic protocols. Epinephrine, oxygen therapy, colloid/crystalloid infusions, antihistamines, systemic and topical corticosteroids, protease inhibitors, inhaled β2-agonists, leukotriene receptor antagonists, etc. are most commonly used for this purpose.
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Christopher, Devasahayam J., Narmada Ashok, Aruna Ravivarma, Deepa Shankar, Erik Peterson, Phuong T. Dinh, and P. K. Vedanthan. "Low Potency of Indian Dust Mite Allergen Skin Prick Test Extracts Compared to FDA-Approved Extracts: A Double-Blinded Randomized Control Trial." Allergy & Rhinology 9 (January 2018): 215265671879674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2152656718796746.
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Background Skin prick testing is the most important diagnostic tool to detect immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic diseases. With increase in the number of allergy tests performed in India, it is imperative to know the potency of indigenous extracts in comparison with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA)-approved extracts. Methods A randomized comparison trial of Indian manufactured and USFDA-approved extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) was done at Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India from April 2014 to June 2015, to compare the skin test reactivity of indigenous allergen extracts of dust mites against validated allergen. Study enrollment included 197 patients with allergic disorders that showed sensitivity to dust mite during routine allergy skin testing. Study participants were tested with varying dilutions of DP and DF indigenous extracts along with USFDA-approved allergens in a blinded fashion. Results were recorded, and statistical significance was calculated using the Friedman rank sum test. Results Using the Friedman rank sum test with a Tukey adjustment for multiple comparisons, we found that the extracts in each dilution were significantly different ( P < .0001). The full strength indigenous extracts, B-DF (DF allergen standard extract from Bioproducts and Diagnostics, India) and C-DF (DF allergen extract from Creative Diagnostics, India) extracts, had mean wheal sizes of 7.69 (standard deviation [SD] 9.91) and 31.01(SD 51.04), respectively. The full strength S-DF (DF allergen extract from Jubilant Hollister Stier, Spokane, WA, USA) had a mean wheal size of 109.97 (SD 162.73), which was significantly higher ( P < .0001) than both the indigenous extracts. For each of the dilutions, the S-DF mean wheal size was significantly greater than that of the corresponding B-DF and C-DF wheal sizes. The full strength indigenous C-DP (DP allergen extract from Creative Diagnostics, India) had mean wheal size of 39.37 (SD 51.74). The full strength standard S-DP (DP allergen extract from Jubilant Hollister Stier, Spokane, WA, USA) extract had a mean wheal size of 167.66 (SD 270.80), which was significantly higher ( P < .0001) than the indigenous C-DP extract. Similar differences were seen across all dilutions. Conclusion The indigenous extracts have significantly lower potency compared to USFDA-approved extracts; hence, there is an urgent need for policy makers to institute stringent criteria for standardization of antigens in India.
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Katsarou, Eleni I., Charalambos Billinis, Dimitrios Galamatis, George C. Fthenakis, George Th Tsangaris, and Angeliki I. Katsafadou. "Applied Proteomics in ‘One Health’." Proteomes 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes9030031.
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‘One Health’ summarises the idea that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of ecosystems. The purpose of proteomics methodologies and studies is to determine proteins present in samples of interest and to quantify changes in protein expression during pathological conditions. The objectives of this paper are to review the application of proteomics technologies within the One Health concept and to appraise their role in the elucidation of diseases and situations relevant to One Health. The paper develops in three sections. Proteomics Applications in Zoonotic Infections part discusses proteomics applications in zoonotic infections and explores the use of proteomics for studying pathogenetic pathways, transmission dynamics, diagnostic biomarkers and novel vaccines in prion, viral, bacterial, protozoan and metazoan zoonotic infections. Proteomics Applications in Antibiotic Resistance part discusses proteomics applications in mechanisms of resistance development and discovery of novel treatments for antibiotic resistance. Proteomics Applications in Food Safety part discusses the detection of allergens, exposure of adulteration, identification of pathogens and toxins, study of product traits and characterisation of proteins in food safety. Sensitive analysis of proteins, including low-abundant ones in complex biological samples, will be achieved in the future, thus enabling implementation of targeted proteomics in clinical settings, shedding light on biomarker research and promoting the One Health concept.
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Čelakovská, Jarmila, Josef Bukač, Eva Cermákova, Radka Vaňková, Hana Skalská, Jan Krejsek, and Ctirad Andrýs. "Analysis of Results of Specific IgE in 100 Atopic Dermatitis Patients with the Use of Multiplex Examination ALEX2—Allergy Explorer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105286.
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Background and aim: Progress in laboratory diagnostics of IgE-mediated allergy is the use of component-resolved diagnosis. Our study analyses the results of specific IgE to 295 allergen reagents (117 allergenic extracts and 178 molecular components) in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis (AD) with the use of ALEX2 Allergy Explorer. Method: The complete dermatological and allergological examination, including the examination of the sensitization to molecular components with ALEX2 Allergy Explorer testing, was performed. The statistical analysis of results was performed with these methods: TURF (total unduplicated reach and frequency), best reach and frequency by group size, two-sided tests, Fisher’s exact test, and chi-square test (at an expected minimum frequency of at least 5). Results: Altogether, 100 atopic dermatitis patients were examined: 48 men, 52 women, the average age 40.9 years, min. age 14 years, max. age 67 years. The high and very high level of specific IgE was reached in 75.0% of patients to 18 molecular components: from PR-10 proteins (Aln g 1, Bet v 1, Cor a1.0103, Cor a1.0401, Fag s 1), lipocalin (Can f 1), NPC2 family (Der f 2, Der p 2), uteroglobin (Fel d 1), from Alternaria alternata (Alt a 1), Beta expansin (Lol p 1, Phl p 1), molecular components from Timothy, cultivated rye (Secc pollen) and peritrophin-like protein domain Der p 23. The high and very high level of specific IgE to other lipocalins (Fel d 7, Can f 4), to arginine kinase (Bla g 9, German cockroach), and to allergen extracts Art v (mugwort), and Cyn d (Bermuda grass) reached 52.0% of patients. The severity of AD is in significant relation to the sensitization to molecular components of storage mites (Gly d 2, Lep d 2—NPC2 family), lipocalins (Can f 1, Can f 2, Can f 4, and Can f 6), arginine kinase (Asp f 6, Bla g 9, Der p 20, Pen m 2), uteroglobin (Fel d 1, Ory c 3), Mn superoxide dismutase (Mala s 11), PR-10 proteins (Fag s 1, Mal d 1, Cor a 1.0401, Cor a 1.0103), molecular components of the peritrophin-like domain (Der p 21, Der p 23), and to Secc pollen. In the subgroup of patients suffering from bronchial asthma, the significant role play molecular components from house dust mites and storage mites (Lep d 2, Der p 2, Der f 2—NPC2 family), cysteine protease (Der p 1), peritrophin-like protein domain (Der p 21, Der p 23), enolase from Alternaria alternata (Alt a 6), and Beta expansin Phl p 1. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate the detailed profile of sensitization to allergens reagents (allergen extract and molecular components) in patients with atopic dermatitis. We show the significance of disturbed epidermal barrier, resulting in increased penetration of allergens. We confirmed the significant relationship between the severity of AD, the occurrence of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, and high levels of specific IgE to allergen reagents. Our results may be important for regime measures and immunotherapy; Der p 23 shall be considered as an essential component for the diagnosis and specific immunotherapy of house dust mite allergy.
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Krzych-Fałta, Edyta, Wioleta Słomka, Ewa Bodzak, Anna Wojtaszek, Adam Sybilski, Emilia Majsiak, Beata Szlendak, et al. "Selected aspects of allergy nursing." Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pielxxiw-2020-0013.
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AbstractIntroduction. Due to their dynamic character, allergic conditions pose challenges for modern medicine and constitute a public health problem. Nearly 40% of the general Polish population is estimated to suffer from an allergy. We would like to emphasize that allergies are not some extraordinary ailments; instead, they commonly coincide with or are complications of other systemic conditions. Hence, national health policies should prioritize the development and implementation of ready-to-use protocols that focus mainly on prevention rather than treatment.Conclusions. In an outpatient setting the care for individuals who suffer from allergies is facilitated by therapeutic teams. Allergy nurses play a special role in this framework, with the scope of their professional duties including diagnostic procedures, treatment, being a mediator for patient education initiated by the therapeutic team. This article focuses on three important types of allergy nurses‘ responsibilities: diagnostic procedures (e.g. skin prick tests), therapeutic procedures (allergen-specific immunotherapy), and selected aspects of medical record-keeping.
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Goossens, An, and Maria Margarida Gonçalo. "Patch and Photo-Patch Testing are Important in Patients with Idiopathic Photodermatoses." Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology 75, no. 4 (January 26, 2018): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29021/spdv.75.4.874.
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This number of the Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia contains two articles dedicated to idiopathic photodermatoses, for which autoimmune reactions to an unknown endogenous chromophore are suspected to be involved – polymorphous light eruption, actinic prurigo, hydroa vacciniforme, chronic actinic dermatitis, and solar urticarial.1,2 Many of these and other photodermatoses have a very clear clinical presentation, while others may mimic allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) or photo-allergic contact dermatitis (PhACD), a classical T cell-mediated or delayed type IV hypersensitivity reaction to an exogenous chromophore applied on the skin in the presence of, or followed by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) or visible light.3,4 Allergic contact reactions can be followed by persistent photosensitivity and chronic actinic dermatitis, such as in cases of chronic ACD from certain plants, e.g., Compositae that are rich in sesquiterpene lactones,5 fragrances, lichens, and colophony,4 or in PhACD or photo-aggravated ACD from drugs like ketoprofen, etofenamate, and chlorproethazine, or even other contact allergens, such as tosylamide/formaldehyde resin, fragrances, and thiourea derivatives.4The long persistence of these chemicals in the epidermis (for up to at least 17 days in the case of ketoprofen),6 or the formation of endogenous photosensitizers might perhaps explain the progression to chronic actinic dermatitis.4In patients with idiopathic photodermatoses the use of sunscreens is mandatory, however, the sensitization risk from these chemicals may be enhanced by the previous skin inflammation and the need for repeated application for long periods.7 UV filters, which are chromophores that capture UV light, are among the most frequent causes of PhACD,8-11 namely benzophenones, dibenzoylmethane derivatives, octocrylene, and cinammates.9,10,12-14 Although more recent UV filters seem to be more photostable and less prone to induce PhACD,3 a few cases have been described,9 for example, from polysilicone-15 (Parsol®SLX).15 With regard to methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (syn. bisoctrizole or Tinosorb® M), ACD from it is due to the surfactant decyl glucoside, in particular, which is added in order to stabilize the sunscreen molecule.16,17Topical drugs, such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ketoprofen, piketoprofen, suprofen, etofenamate, piroxicam, and benzydamine,18 as well as phenothiazine derivatives, i.e., promethazine or chlorproethazine, and isothipendyl chlorhydrate19 are frequent causes of ACD/PhACD, either by direct application or by transfer from other individuals in close contact (consort or connubial dermatitis). Moreover, some of these chemicals, particularly ketoprofen, exhibit cross-reactions with UV filters, i.e., benzophenone(s) and octocrylene, the latter containing benzophenone residues. Also fenofibrate, a systemic drug, shares the benzophenone ring and can cross react with ketoprofen and related molecules.3,20 Furthermore, patients with PhACD from ketoprofen present with concomitant reactions to the perfume ingredient cinnamic alcohol, reactions that at present are difficult to explain by cross-reactivity.21Therefore, patch and photo-patch testing are highly recommended in patients with idiopathic and autoimmune photodermatoses, as well as in all other diseases aggravated by sunlight, in order to detect and avoid exposure to possible aggravating factors, and particularly to UV filters. Recently, recommendations for diagnostic patch testing have been issued by the European Society of Contact Dermatitis (ESCD),22 and in a cooperative effort of the ESCD and European Society of Photodermatology (ESPD), an agreement was not only reached regarding standardized protocols for photo-patch testing,23 but also on the list of 20 allergens to be included in the European baseline photo-patch tests series and an additional extended series including certain classical photo-allergens.24 Last but not least, photo-patch tests with all the patient’s own topical products and systemic photosensitizers to which the patients is exposed are strongly recommended as well, since the outcome may further contribute to the relevance of positive reactions observed, or avoid “false”- negative reactions obtained by testing standardized allergens only.24
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Prikhodchenko, N. G., T. A. Shumatova, A. Nee, and E. S. Zernova. "Analysis of the content of I-FABP in urine and blood serum in children with gastrointestinal food allergy." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 11 (August 12, 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-11-66-71.
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Abstract Introduction. Protein-induced enteropathy is one of the common manifestations of gastrointestinal food allergy in young children. The search of non-invasive methods for intestine estimation is especially relevant for early diagnosis and timely prevention of exacerbation.The aim of the study was to determine the serum and urinal levels of the intestinal fraction of the protein binding fatty acids in children with protein-induced enteropathy and to evaluate their clinical and diagnostic significance.Materials and methods. It was examined 36 children with protein-induced enteropathy aged 1.5 months to 1 year and 20 healthy children (control group). All patients underwent esophagogastroenteroscopy with morphological examination of biopsy specimens for differential diagnosis with congenital gastrointestinal diseases. The Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMMiS) was used to evaluate clinical symptoms. The intestinal fraction of a fatty acid binding protein was determined for all children in blood serum, urine by enzyme- linked immunosorbent analysis.Results. It was found the increase its serum level (125.20 ± 23.79 pg / ml), and urinal level (0.164 ± 0.031 pkg / ml) compared with the control group (19.21 ± 4.94 pg / ml, 00.039 ± 4.62 pkg / ml, respectively, p < 0.05). There were found direct strong correlations between the severity of gastrointestinal manifestations and its serum and urine level (p < 0.05).Discussion. Epithelial barrier damage provides an increased penetration of intact food allergens. It plays a key role in allergic sensitization, and it is the first pathogenetic link of allergic inflammation in most cases. A statistically significant I-FABP increased level in all studied biological fluids correlates with morphological changes in the children with protein-induced enteropathy, as well as with clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal tract lesions. That confirms its high informational value for an indirect assessment of the state of the intestinal barrier.Conclusions. Thus, an increase in serum and urinal I-FABP levels in children with protein-induced enteropathy confirms the clinical and diagnostic significance of determining this biomarker in all biological fluids. Its high sensitivity and specificity of determination in urine are promising for use in pediatric practice.
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Huss-Marp, Johannes, Monika Raulf, and Thilo Jakob. "Spiking with recombinant allergens to improve allergen extracts: benefits and limitations for the use in routine diagnostics." Allergo Journal International 24, no. 7 (November 2015): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40629-015-0072-2.
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Decuyper, Ine Ilona, Athina Van Gasse, Margaretha Antje Faber, Christel Mertens, Jessy Elst, Hans-Peter Rihs, Vito Sabato, et al. "Occupational cannabis exposure and allergy risks." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105302.
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ObjectivesCannabis allergy has mainly been described following recreational use but some cases also point to cannabis sensitisation as a result of occupational exposure. As a consequence, little is known on the prevalence and clinical phenotype of occupational cannabis allergy. Therefore, this study aims to explore the allergy-associated health risks of occupational cannabis exposure in Belgian police force personnel.Methods81 participants, active in the police force, reporting regular occupational cannabis exposure during the past 12 months, were included. History was combined with a standardised questionnaire on allergies and cannabis exposure.Basophil activation tests (BATs) with a crude cannabis extract and rCan s 3 were performed. In addition, specific (s)IgE rCan s 3 as well as sIgE to house dust mite, six pollen and three mould allergens were quantified.ResultsAlthough 42% of the participants reported respiratory and/or cutaneous symptoms on occupational cannabis exposure, all cannabis diagnostics were entirely negative, except one symptomatic case demonstrating a borderline result. Furthermore, there is no significant difference between the groups with and without symptoms on cannabis exposure in terms of allergenic sensitisations.ConclusionsThe origins of the reported respiratory and cutaneous symptoms during cannabis exposure remain elusive but are probably due to non-immune reactions. It should be noted that the study was volunteer-based possibly reflecting an excessive number of symptomatic individuals. Nevertheless, as only one participant reported using fully protective gear, much improvement is needed for reducing the number of symptoms reported on duty, independent of their origin.
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Hamilton, Robert G. "Proficiency Survey-Based Evaluation of Clinical Total and Allergen-Specific IgE Assay Performance." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 7 (July 1, 2010): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2009-0518-oa.1.
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Abstract Context.—The diagnostic algorithm for human allergic disease involves confirmation of sensitization by detection of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody in individuals suspected of having allergic disease because of a history of allergic symptoms after known allergen exposure. Previous studies showed wide disparity among clinically reported allergen-specific IgE levels from different serologic assays. Objective.—To validate the relative analytic performance (sensitivity, interassay reproducibility, linearity/parallelism, intermethod agreement) of clinically used total and allergen-specific IgE assays by using College of American Pathologists' Diagnostic Allergy “SE” Proficiency Survey data. Design.—Data from 2 SE survey cycles were used to assess relative analytic performance of the ImmunoCAP (Phadia), Immulite (Siemens Healthcare-Diagnostics), and HYTEC 288 (HYCOR-Agilent Technologies) total and allergen-specific IgE assays. In each cycle, 2 recalcified plasma pools from atopic donors were diluted twice with IgE-negative serum and evaluated in approximately 200 federally certified clinical laboratories for total IgE and IgE antibody to 5 allergen specificities. Statistical analysis evaluated analytic sensitivity, linearity, reproducibility, and intermethod agreement. Results.—Interlaboratory intramethod, intermethod, and interdilution agreement of all 6 clinically used total serum IgE assays were excellent, with coefficients of variation (CVs) below 15%. Interlaboratory intramethod, and interdilution agreement of 3 clinically used allergen-specific IgE assays were also excellent with CVs below 15%. However, intermethod CVs identified between-assay disagreement greater than 20% in 80% of allergen-specific IgE measurements. Allergen reagents and patients' immune response heterogeneity are suggested probable causes. Conclusions.—Clinical total and allergen-specific IgE assays display excellent analytic sensitivity, precision, reproducibility, and linearity. Marked variability in quantitative estimates of allergen-specific IgE from clinically used automated immunoassays is a concern that may be ameliorated with component allergen use.
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Kapitanova, V. K., N. E. Petrova, M. Yu Zhdanova, and L. V. Nevskaya. "Metal Allergy." BIOpreparations. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment 19, no. 2 (June 16, 2019): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2221-996x-2019-19-2-88-93.
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Allergic reactions associated with sensitisation to metals are a common but underexplored problem. Due to the frequent use of metals and their alloys there has been an increase in the number of registered cases of allergic reactions. Recently there have been cases when allergic reactions were induced by metals that were previously considered absolutely inert and non-allergenic, such as gold, palladium and others. The aim of this work was to summarise scientific data on allergic reactions to metals and their diagnosis in humans. In medicine, alloys of nickel, palladium and gold are used in the manufacture of both surgical instruments and various implants used in orthopedics, endovascular surgery, gynecology and dentistry. Allergic reactions to these metals may lead to failure of artificial joints, thrombosis of endovascular stents, stomatitis, gingivitis, and dermatitis. The most frequent allergic reaction to metals is contact dermatitis which is most frequently caused by nickel. Metal allergies are diagnosed by skin tests. There are no Russian-made diagnostic systems for detecting metal allergies. The diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis is performed with the help of AllerTest test kit («TRUE Test», Denmark). Therefore, elaboration of a domestic diagnostic test for timely detection of allergies to metals is still relevant.
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Sharikadze, O. "The EVALUATION OF 3-YEARS COURSE OF SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH EXTRACTS OF CAT EPITHELIUM IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN." Inter Collegas 6, no. 4 (December 28, 2019): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.6.4.216-220.
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EVALUATION OF 3-YEARS COURSE OF SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH EXTRACTS OF CAT EPITHELIUM IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN.
Sharikadze O.
The article presents the results of a 3-year course of sublingual allergen immunotherapy with a lyophilized extract of cat epidermal allergens in preschool children with allergic rhinitis, rhino-conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma. New possibilities of component diagnostics were found, and in particular, the definition of the major Fel d 1 molecule as a direct indication for the start of therapy and use to assess the achievement of tolerance to the causative allergen. It was found that a 3-year course of sublingual allergen immunotherapy with lyophilized epidermal cat allergens for children with allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma was characterized by a significant improvement in the clinical symptoms of the disease and a decrease in the level of Fel d1. A comparative analysis of the results of observing children with SLIT and without therapy proved that SLIT in children with allergic pathology associated with sensitization to cat epidermal allergens reduces the number of exacerbations and prevents the development of symptoms of bronchial asthma in preschool children. In addition, once again, high safety allergen immunotherapy efficacy in children has been proven.
Keywords: preschool children, sublingual allergen immunotherapy, prevention, asthma, major allergens Fel d 1.
Абстракт.
ОЦІНКА 3-РІЧНОГО КУРСУ СУБЛІНГВАЛЬНОЇ ІМУНОТЕРАПІЇ ЕКСТРАКТАМИКОТЯЧОГО ЕПІТЕЛІЮ У ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ.
Шарікадзе О.
У статті представлені результати 3-х річного курсу сублингвальной алерген-імунотерапіїліофілізованим екстрактом епідермальних алергенів кота у дітей дошкільного віку з алергічнимринітом, рино-кон'юнктивітом і бронхіальну астму. Виявлено нові можливості компонентної діагностики і зокрема, визначення мажорній молекули Fel d 1 як прямого показання до початку терапії і використання для оцінки досягнення толерантності до причинному алергену. Встановлено, що проведення 3-х річного курсу сублингвальной алерген-імунотерапії ліофілізованими епідермальними алергенами кота дітям з алергічним ринітом та / або бронхіальною астмою характеризувалося достовірним поліпшенням клінічних симптомів захворювання і зменшенням рівня Fel d1. Порівняльний аналіз результатів спостереження дітей на тлі злити і без терапії довів, що злитися у дітей з алергічною патологією, пов'язаною з сенсибілізацією до епідермальних алергенів кота зменшує кількість загострень і попереджає розвиток симптомів бронхіальної астми у дітей дошкільного віку. Крім того, в черговий раз була доведена висока безпека алерген-імунотерапія ефективність у дітей.
Ключові слова: діти дошкільного віку, сублінгвальна алерген-імунотерапія, профілактика, бронхіальна астма, мажорні алергени Fel d 1.
Абстракт.
ОЦЕНКА 3-ЛЕТНЕГО КУРСА СУБЛИНГВАЛЬНОЙ ИММУНОТЕРАПИИ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЭКСТРАКТОВ КОШАЧЬЕГО ЭПИТЕЛИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА.
Шарикадзе Е.
В статье представлены результаты 3-х летнего курса сублингвальной аллерген-иммунотерапии лиофилизированным экстрактом эпидермальных аллергенов кота у детей дошкольного возраста с аллергическим ринитом, рино-конъюнктивитом и бронхиальной астмой. Обнаружены новые возможности компонентной диагностики и в частности, определения мажорной молекулы Fel d 1 как прямого показания к началу терапии и использования для оценки достижения толерантности к причинному аллергену. Установлено, что проведение 3-х летнего курса сублингвальной аллерген-иммунотерапии лиофилизированными эпидермальными аллергенами кота детям с аллергическим ринитом и / или бронхиальной астмой характеризовалось достоверным улучшением клинических симптомов заболевания и уменьшением уровня Fel d1. Сравнительный анализ результатов наблюдения детей на фоне СЛИТ и без терапии доказал, что СЛИТ у детей с аллергической патологией, связанной с сенсибилизацией к эпидермальным аллергенам кота уменьшает количество обострений и предупреждает развитие симптомов бронхиальной астмы у детей дошкольного возраста. Кроме того, в очередной раз была доказана высокая безопасность аллерген-иммунотерапия эффективность у детей.
Ключевые слова: дети дошкольного возраста, сублингвальная аллерген-иммунотерапия, профилактика, бронхиальная астма, мажорные аллергены Fel d 1.
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Giannetti, Arianna, Gaia Toschi Vespasiani, Giampaolo Ricci, Angela Miniaci, Emanuela di Palmo, and Andrea Pession. "Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy as a Model of Food Allergies." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051525.
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Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in infants, and its prevalence has increased over recent years. In the present paper, we focus on CMA as a model of food allergies in children. Understanding the diagnostic features of CMA is essential in order to manage patients with this disorder, guide the use of an elimination diet, and find the best moment to start an oral food challenge (OFC) and liberalize the diet. To date, no shared tolerance markers for the diagnosis of food allergy have been identified, and OFC remains the gold standard. Recently, oral immunotherapy (OIT) has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy and has changed the natural history of CMA. Before this, patients had to strictly avoid the food allergen, resulting in a decline in quality of life and subsequent nutritional, social, and psychological impairments. Thanks to the introduction of OIT, the passive approach involving rigid exclusion has changed to a proactive one. Both the heterogeneity in the diagnostic process among the studies and the variability of OIT data limit the comprehension of the real epidemiology of CMA, and, consequentially, its natural history. Therefore, well-planned randomized controlled trials are needed to standardize CMA diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.
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Passanisi, Stefano, Fortunato Lombardo, Giuseppe Crisafulli, Giuseppina Salzano, Tommaso Aversa, and Giovanni B. Pajno. "Novel diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies for IgE‐mediated food allergy." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 42, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2021.42.200129.
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Background: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated food allergy is a potentially life-threatening condition and represents a heavy burden for patients and their families. Identification of the most suitable way for management of each patient has currently become the primary goal for physicians. Methods: This study reviewed the current literature related to IgE-mediated food allergy. Results: The use of innovative diagnostic tools, such as allergen-specific IgG4 determination, basophil activation test, and component-resolved diagnostics, is currently available to facilitate a proper diagnosis of food allergy. After several decades of “passive clinical management” of the disease, which was based only on avoidance of the allergenic food and the use of epinephrine in the event of anaphylaxis, there has been a switch to active treatment. The most recent evidence-practice guidelines strongly recommend the use of immunotherapy as an effective therapeutic option, particularly in cases of allergy to cow's milk, egg, or peanut. The use of omalizumab, in association with immunotherapy or alone, has been tested in several studies, and results on its effectiveness seemed to be encouraging. Other biologics, such as dupilumab, reslizumab, mepolizumab, and other anticytokines therapies, are being investigated. Another interesting future treatment strategy could be the use of DNA vaccines. Conclusion: In recent years, the management of IgE-mediated food allergy has greatly improved. Knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms, understanding of the disease course, and the introduction of novel biomarkers led to more accurate diagnoses along with the active treatment of patients.
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Matsumoto, Fausto Yoshio, Tessa Rachel Tranquillini Gonçalves, Dirceu Solé, and Gustavo Falbo Wandalsen. "Specific Nasal Provocation Test with Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus, Monitored by Acoustic Rhinometry, in Children with Rhinitis." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 31, no. 1 (January 2017): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4392.
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Background Currently, the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) is arrived at predominantly by a clinical history and by systemic sensitization tests, but specific nasal provocation tests (NPT) may establish a better direct correlation between etiologic surveyed allergens and nasal symptoms. Objectives To standardize the specific NPT with one of the most important house-dust mites, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, monitored by acoustic rhinometry, in children and adolescents, and propose a simplified specific NPT to improve its clinical applicability as a diagnostic tool. Methods Sixteen controls (group 1) and 17 patients with an AR diagnosis sensitized to D. pteronyssinus (group 2) underwent a specific NPT with D. pteronyssinus. The acoustic rhinometry was performed after instillation of 0.15 mL of increasing concentrations of D. pteronyssinus (5000 BU/mL). The test was finalized after (1) instillation of the final concentration of D. pteronyssinus, or (2) after a 20% or more reduction in the volume of the first 5 cm of the nasal cavity (V5), or (3) a score of >3 in the symptoms questionnaire (a score from 0 to 7). A simplified specific NPT with two concentrations was proposed and implemented in a group of 10 patients with AR (group 3). Results At the end of the specific NPT, the median (range) variation in V5 was -5.7% (-9 to 4%) in the control group and -22.8% (-24 to -20%) in group 2. None of the patients in the control group and 88% of group 2 (15/17) showed positive specific NPT results. The simplified specific NPT triggered a positive response in 80% of patients in group 3, with median (range) V5 variation of -30.4% (-36 to -20%). Conclusion This protocol has been proven safe and useful to differentiate between children and adolescents with AR and controls. Concentrations of 1:1000 and 1:100 D. pteronyssinus were the best for use in simplified specific NPT, which made it simpler and faster, and expanded its clinical applicability.
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Celakovska, Jarmila, Radka Vankova, Josef Bukac, Eva Cermakova, Ctirad Andrys, and Jan Krejsek. "Atopic Dermatitis and Sensitisation to Molecular Components of Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Malassezia—Results of Allergy Explorer ALEX 2." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030183.
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Progress in laboratory diagnostics of IgE-mediated allergies is being made through the use of component-resolved diagnosis. The aim of our study is to analyze the sensitization profile to allergen reagents in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis with the use of the ALEX 2–Allergy Explorer and especially to show the sensitization to molecular components of molds and yeast. The complete dermatological and allergological examination including the examination of the sensitization to allergen reagents with Allergy Explorer ALEX 2 testing was performed. The relation between the sensitization to molecular components of molds and yeast and the severity of atopic dermatitis, and the occurrence of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis was evaluated. Altogether, 100 atopic dermatitis patients were examined—48 men and 52 women, with an average age of 40.9 years. The sensitization to Mala s 6, Mala s 11, Sac c, Asp f 6, Cla h and Cla h 8 correlates to the severity of atopic dermatitis. The sensitization to Sac c, Alt a 6, Cla h, Cla h 8 was observed significantly more frequently in patients suffering from bronchial asthma to Mala s 6 in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. In patients with severe form of atopic dermatitis (AD), a very high level of specific IgE was recorded to Mala s 11 (in 36%) and to Asp f 6 (in 12%).
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Mokronosova, M. A., O. I. Filimonova, and Tatyana M. Zheltikova. "New technologies in molecular allergodiagnostics." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 66, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-8-480-484.
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The article presents the characteristics of the ALEX2 (MacroArrayDX, Wien, Austria). It is designed for simultaneous detection of IgE total and specific IgE-aB to 120 extracts and 180 molecules by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Extracts and allergen molecules combined with nano-particles are sorbed on a solid-phase substrate, forming a macroscopic multiplex matrix - the immune allergy chip. The Institute of Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) conducted research on the verification and validation of the ALEX2 in relation to the ImmunoCAP macroarray test system (ThermoFisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden), which is often used in allergodiagnostics. The results obtained on the two test systems were comparable. One of the most important features of the ALEX2 test system is that unique allergen molecules and allergenic extracts are included in its composition, and a method has been found to inhibit cross-reactive hydrocarbon determinants (CCDs), which cause frequent non-specific binding of IgE-aT. The use of this test system makes it possible to carry out component allergy diagnostics with the determine of the dominant sensitizing factor in cases of mono- and polyvalent sensitization. The test results affect the determination of indications and the effectiveness of ASIT, allow assessing the risk of anaphylaxis and predicting further treatment tactics for the patient.
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Trusova, O. V., A. V. Kamaev, N. L. Lyashenko, and I. V. Makarova. "CONFIRMATION OF ETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS IN CHILDREN WITH HOUSE DUST MITE ALLERGY AS AN ESSENTIAL STAGE BEFORE ALLERGEN SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY. A REVIEW." Russian Journal of Allergy 14, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja287.
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House dust mites are important cause for allergic rhinitis, and almost half of allergic rhinitis patients is sensitized to them. In patients with house dust mite allergy evidence of sensitivity can not be strictly achieved with medical history and patients complaints, since the cause-effect relationships are not obvious. At the same time incomplete allergological examination can lead to an incorrect definition of the main relevant allergens, and expensive treatment may not give the desired result in this cases. The estimation of the allergens for allergenspecific immunotherapy should be based on the disease history, detection of offending allergens by means of allergological examination in vivo with skin tests, nasal or conjunctival provocational tests, and component diagnostics if necessary. This approach based on use of provocational tests as a part of allergological examination is considered to be one of the ways to personalized therapy.