Academic literature on the topic 'Allergens: diagnostic use'

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Journal articles on the topic "Allergens: diagnostic use"

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He, Ying, Xueting Liu, Yuyi Huang, Zehong Zou, Huifang Chen, He Lai, Lida Zhang, et al. "Reduction of the Number of Major Representative Allergens: From Clinical Testing to 3-Dimensional Structures." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/291618.

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Vast amounts of allergen sequence data have been accumulated, thus complicating the identification of specific allergenic proteins when performing diagnostic allergy tests and immunotherapy. This study aims to rank the importance/potency of the allergens so as to logically reduce the number of allergens and/or allergenic sources. Meta-analysis of 62 allergenic sources used for intradermal testing on 3,335 allergic patients demonstrated that in southern China, mite, sesame, spiny amaranth,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and house dust account for 88.0% to 100% of the observed positive reactions to the 62 types of allergenic sources tested. TheKolmogorov-SmironovTest results of the website-obtained allergen data and allergen family featured peptides suggested that allergen research in laboratories worldwide has been conducted in parallel on many of the same species. The major allergens were reduced to 21 representative allergens, which were further divided into seven structural classes, each of which contains similar structural components. This study therefore has condensed numerous allergenic sources and major allergens into fewer major representative ones, thus allowing for the use of a smaller number of allergens when conducting comprehensive allergen testing and immunotherapy treatments.
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Białek, Sławomir, and Katarzyna Białek-Gosk. "Modern diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy – molecular diagnosis of allergies." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 52, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0008.9630.

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Diagnostic difficulties resulting from the imperfections of natural allergen extracts inspired to use genetic engineering techniques to produce recombinant allergens or obtaining highly purified components (component) allergen. This led to the development of modern diagnostic technique in allergy or molecular diagnostics. The basis for understanding the molecular diagnosis of allergies is to know the properties of allergens. Each allergen is composed of various proteins known. component capable of sensitizing allergen, and each component includes a plurality of epitopes that can be divided into one species-specific epitopes, and the identical amino acid structure of the epitopes derived from different species. Specific epitopes are responsible for primary sensitization, while the epitopes with similar structures are responsible for cross-reactions. Finding sensitization several epitopes is a strong indication of the occurrence of much more dangerous allergic reactions than only one epitope. In addition, molecular diagnosis of allergies allows for personalized diagnosis of allergic patients. It enables the assessment of individual risk of allergic symptoms and allows you to distinguish the original from allergy symptoms caused by cross-reactions. It should be noted, however, that the diagnosis of allergy should be based on a comprehensive evaluation of the results and their confrontation with data from the interview. The mere detection of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, even the method of molecular diagnostics, without the presence of clinical symptoms does not confirm an allergy or illness. Only goes to confirm that the body of such a person is allergic and that the symptoms of this condition may at some point reveal but not necessarily.
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Gervazieva, V. B., P. V. Samoylikov, V. M. Berzhets, L. A. Pishchulina, S. A. Mazurina, and A. A. Dudorova. "Allergenic extracts from natural and genetically modified soybean." Russian Journal of Allergy 15, no. 5 (December 15, 2018): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja125.

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Background. The wide spread of soybeans both natural and genetically modified (GM) in agriculture and food industry arises a question about the safety of its use, as soy is the most common food allergen among leguminous plants. Meanwhile, there are no registered domestic diagnostic allergens from soybeans in Russia. Objective. The aim of this study was to obtain allergenic extracts from natural and GM soybeans resistant to the herbicide «Roundup» and evaluate their biochemical and allergenic properties. Methods. Soybean extracts were obtained by the Evans-Kok method. The amount of protein nitrogen was determined by the Nessler method. The protein composition of the soybean was determined by the SDSPAGE. Specific activity was assessed in the reaction of NDTK. Allergenic activity was assessed in ELISA according to the sIgE levels to soy in the sera of patients with food allergy. Results. The protein fractions corresponding to known allergens weare revealed by SDS-PAGE in the samples of extracts: natural soybeans - Gly m 3, Gly m 5, and Gly m 6, while GM soybeans - Gly m Bd 30k. In addition to those proteins, in both extracts the 20 kD protein was clearly detected, which can correspond to the inhibitor of trypsin Kunitsa (Hor v 1, CMb, BDR). Allergenic soybean extracts bind sIgE and sIgG in the sera of patients with allergies. Conclusion. The obtained data confirm the high allergenic potential of extracts from natural soybeans, whereas the allergenic activity of GM soybeans extracts is reduced.
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Jappe, Uta, Arabella Karstedt, Daniela Warneke, Saskia Hellmig, Marisa Böttger, Friedrich W. Riffelmann, Regina Treudler, et al. "Identification and Purification of Novel Low-Molecular-Weight Lupine Allergens as Components for Personalized Diagnostics." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020409.

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Lupine flour is a valuable food due to its favorable nutritional properties. In spite of its allergenic potential, its use is increasing. Three lupine species, Lupinus angustifolius, L. luteus, and L. albus are relevant for human nutrition. The aim of this study is to clarify whether the species differ with regard to their allergen composition and whether anaphylaxis marker allergens could be identified in lupine. Patients with the following characteristics were included: lupine allergy, suspected lupine allergy, lupine sensitization only, and peanut allergy. Lupine sensitization was detected via CAP-FEIA (ImmunoCAP) and skin prick test. Protein, DNA and expressed sequence tag (EST) databases were queried for lupine proteins homologous to already known legume allergens. Different extraction methods applied on seeds from all species were examined by SDS-PAGE and screened by immunoblotting for IgE-binding proteins. The extracts underwent different and successive chromatography methods. Low-molecular-weight components were purified and investigated for IgE-reactivity. Proteomics revealed a molecular diversity of the three species, which was confirmed when investigated for IgE-reactivity. Three new allergens, L. albus profilin, L. angustifolius and L. luteus lipid transfer protein (LTP), were identified. LTP as a potential marker allergen for severity is a valuable additional candidate for molecular allergy diagnostic tests.
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Sharikadze, O. V., S. O. Zubchenko, and O. M. Okhotnikova. "The efficacy of allergen-immunotherapy in patients with pollen allergy in the Central and Western regions of Ukraine considering the specifics of their sensitization." Likarska sprava, no. 1-2 (March 26, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.1-2.2019(4).

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Various sorts of weed plants with allergenic properties are extended on the territory of Ukraine. Weed’s distribution has regional characteristics. Clinically significant weed allergens are found in pollen from wormwood, ragweed, quinoa, plantain, and thistle. The main treatment for hay fever is allergen immunotherapy. The modern development of molecular diagnostics makes it possible to clearly identify the main allergen of weed pollen and, on this basis, offer the patient a personalized choice of allergen immunotherapy with the possibility of predicting its effectiveness. In order to determine the characteristics of sensitization to weeds in patients of the Central and Western regions of Ukraine and to evaluate the effectiveness of sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT), 1.400 patients from 3 to 65 years of age were examined in these regions. Patients were evaluated general laboratory and instrumental studies, skin prick-tests (SPT), level total serum and specific IgE and component studies. A two-year course of immunotherapy was performed using sublingual allergens of wormwood and ragweed. Evaluation of the effectiveness of SLIT was performed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). According to the results of the study, positive SPT for mugwort was detected 1.2 times more often among patients in the western regions compared with the central regions. Regarding sensitization to ragweed, on the contrary, it was 3.2 times more often observed in patients of the central region. Component diagnostic data confirmed the results of SPT. Patients taking SLIT showed significantly lower VAS (P < 0.05) compared with patients receiving symptomatic therapy. The regional characteristics of sensitization to various types of weeds were found. Latent sensitization to ragweed is increasingly found in patients in the western regions of Ukraine. Use in patients with AR and/or BA SLIT with standardized allergens is an effective and safe treatment method that allows you to quickly control symptoms.
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Mohamad Yadzir, Zailatul Hani, Brenda Leecyous, and Amelia Suhana Zamri. "Isolation and Cloning of Tropomyosin and Arginine Kinase from Tiger Prawn Penaeus monodon and Blue Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus." Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters 8, no. 2 (March 24, 2020): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol8.2.5.2020.

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Shellfish is an important source of food and plays a significant role in human nutrition and health. However, shellfish allergy is a long-lasting disorder which mostly persists throughout life and is often associated with severe reactions [1]. Among the various consumed shellfish, prawns and crabs are the most widely consumed and can lead to the most severe reactions. At present, allergies to shellfish are diagnosed similarly to other food allergies. The diagnosis relies upon careful evaluation of history, the presence of appropriate clinical signs and confirmation with in vivo or in vitro tests to demonstrate the presence of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) [2]. However, both in vivo or in vitro diagnostic approaches are mainly based on the use of crude allergen extracts. Crude allergen extracts are obtained from biological sources and consist of mixture of allergenic components with high amounts of undesirable products that can interfere with diagnosis. In many cases, only few of the several proteins found in crude allergen extracts act as the essential allergens in the majority of patients that are allergic to the substance. The most important ones are called major allergens. Problems associated with using crude allergen extracts for allergy diagnosis may be overcome with recombinant allergens. Recombinant allergens with high purity can be produced by using controlled production procedures that yield defined molecules with known molecular, immunologic and biological characteristics [1]. Tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and blue swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, are among the widely consumed shellfish in Malaysia. Our earlier study involving 131 atopic patients in Allergy Clinic, Kuala Lumpur Hospital demonstrated that patients in Malaysia suffering from allergic responses to shellfish including tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and blue swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Amongst the shellfish extracts tested, prawn elicited the highest frequency of positive reactivity in 39% of the patients. Further, crab was the second most common shellfish to elicit a positive reaction in 24% of the patients [3]. Our first phase study has successfully identified tropomyosin and arginine kinase as the major allergens in both species of shellfish. However, more information about the individual allergenic species-specific components is needed. Therefore, we continued our study to isolate and clone the tropomyosin and arginine kinase from these two species of shellfish, tiger prawn Penaeus monodon and blue swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Tropomyosin and arginine kinase were isolated from the total RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) obtained from both prawn and crab muscles followed by RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction). The RT-PCR products were then cloned into the cloning vector, pJET 1.2 and transformed into Escherichia coli host. Transformants were screened for positive clones by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) colony and sequenced. The 855 bp tropomyosins have been isolated and sequenced from both prawn and crab. Arginine kinases isolated and sequenced from prawn and crab were 1071 bp and 1074 bp, respectively (Figure 1). The GenBank BLAST search for the sequences showed high homology to the targeted proteins as shown in Table 1. Tropomyosin is a 34 to 38 kDa heat-stable protein that belongs to a highly conserved family of actin filament binding proteins, which plays a functional role in contractile activities in muscle cells [4]. Arginine kinase is a 40 to 42 kDa heat-labile protein that plays an important role in regenerating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during bursts of cellular activity [5]. Tropomyosin and arginine kinase from the prawn and crab have been isolated and the full-length sequences were obtained. Current ongoing study focuses on sub-cloning and full-length expression of tropomyosin and arginine kinase in order to produce respective recombinant proteins, and subsequently investigate their physicochemical and allergenic characteristics.
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Braren, Ingke, Simon Blank, Henning Seismann, Susanne Deckers, Markus Ollert, Thomas Grunwald, and Edzard Spillner. "Generation of Human Monoclonal Allergen-Specific IgE and IgG Antibodies from Synthetic Antibody Libraries." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.078360.

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Abstract Background: Allergen-specific IgE and IgG antibodies play pivotal roles in the induction and progression of allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Consequently, monoclonal human IgE and IgG4 antibodies with defined specificity for allergens should be useful in allergy research and diagnostic tests. We used combinatorial antibody libraries and subsequent recombinant production to make and assess IgE, IgG1, and IgG4 allergen-specific antibodies. Methods: We used phage display to select a synthetic single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) library against 3 different allergens, from bee venom, bovine milk, and apple. The scFv obtained were converted into IgG1, IgG4, and IgE antibody formats and assessed for their biochemical properties by ELISA, immunoblotting, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Results: Two different antibody formats for each IgG1, IgG4, and IgE antibody were produced in mammalian cells as disulfide-linked and glycosylated Ig, which were usable in allergen-specific ELISA assays and immunoblots. In addition, the recombinant IgE antibodies mediated the binding of allergens to HEK-293 cells transfected with the high-affinity IgE receptor, and this binding was blocked by corresponding IgG antibodies. Conclusions: The use of synthetic libraries for the generation of allergen-specific recombinant IgE and IgG antibodies should have broad applications in allergological research and diagnosis.
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Riecken, Susanne, Buko Lindner, Arnd Petersen, Uta Jappe, and Wolf-Meinhard Becker. "Purification and characterization of natural Ara h 8, the Bet v 1 homologous allergen from peanut, provides a novel isoform." Biological Chemistry 389, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2008.038.

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Abstract The peanut allergen Ara h 8 is an important allergen for birch pollen allergic patients because of the cross-reactivity to the homologous Bet v 1. As the existence of Ara h 8 has been shown at the cDNA level so far (AY328088) and the allergen has indirectly been detected as natural protein, it was the aim of our study to identify natural Ara h 8 in peanut extract and to develop a purification strategy. This was achieved using a unique combination of purification steps, including optimized extraction conditions, size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography and treatment of the interfering contaminants with iodo-acetic acid. A characterization of the protein by microsequencing showed discrepancies to the deduced amino acid sequence of AY328088. For this reason, we cloned and expressed a new Ara h 8 isoform from cDNA (EU046325). This IgE-reactive protein corresponds to the results of microsequencing, ESI-FTICR-MS and trypsin fingerprinting analysis of the authentic and purified nAra h 8. Apart from the ultimate use of recombinant allergens for diagnostic procedures, there is also a scientific need for the natural counterpart, as it represents an excellent reference point by which to compare protein characteristics and to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic allergens.
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Glushko, N. I., V. M. Lukashkov, E. N. Shakhbazov, E. N. Shakhbazov, and V. I. Shaikhrazieva. "Development, properties and clinical use of fungous allergens." Kazan medical journal 79, no. 5 (September 14, 1998): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj64528.

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The diagnostic allergens from yeast-like and mold fungi of 18 names are developed and studied. The drugs are polysaccharide protein complexes, they do not contain toxic components and conservants. They are used for the diagnosis of sensibilization in vivo and in vitro as well as for immunotherapy.
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Khramov, V. V., R. K. Burnasheva, and R. S. Fassakhov. "Development, properties and clinical use of fungous allergens." Kazan medical journal 79, no. 5 (September 14, 1998): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj64531.

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The diagnostic allergens from yeast-like and mold fungi of 18 names are developed and studied. The drugs are polysaccharide protein complexes, they do not contain toxic components and conservants. They are used for the diagnosis of sensibilization in vivo and in vitro as well as for immunotherapy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Allergens: diagnostic use"

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Bisaccioni, Carla. "Reatividade clínica em pacientes com asma sensibilizados aos ácaros Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus e Blomia tropicalis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-09102013-152451/.

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A asma é uma doença crônica inflamatória das vias aéreas, de importância mundial pela sua elevada prevalência, com considerável impacto na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Dentre os diferentes fenótipos de asma, a asma alérgica constitui a maioria dos casos. Dentre os diferentes desencadeantes de exacerbações na asma, os aeroalérgenos têm papel de destaque, sendo os ácaros o grupo mais importante e prevalente. Entre os ácaros, os mais relevantes para estudo são o Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) e a Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), com importância significativa nos países tropicais. Pacientes podem ser sensibilizados a esses dois ácaros ou a um deles somente, mas a positividade do teste in vivo ou in vitro não significa reatividade clínica e que haja concordância com o alérgeno relevante para o desencadeamento dos sintomas. A reatividade cruzada entre esses dois ácaros vem sendo estudada. In vivo, há poucos trabalhos demonstrando a reatividade cruzada entre Der p e Blo t e analisando a correlação entre os testes cutâneos e os de provocação brônquica. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a reatividade clínica em pacientes com asma sensibilizados a ambos os ácaros, Der p e Blo t. Para isso, pacientes com asma do Ambulatório do Serviço de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia do HC-FMUSP foram selecionados. Broncoprovocações específicas foram realizadas com os dois ácaros, em diferentes momentos. Dezoito pacientes com asma foram selecionados, e trinta e seis provocações foram realizadas. Todas as provocações com o ácaro Der p foram positivas. Em relação à Blo t, o resultado foi positivo em 93% dos testes. No presente estudo, houve concordância na maioria dos casos entre a presença de sensibilização aos ácaros estudados e a positividade na boncoprovocação. Portanto, as sensibilizações aos ácaros identificados no teste cutâneo são relevantes para o desencadeamento dos sintomas de asma nesses pacientes
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways of global importance due to its high prevalence, with considerable impact on quality of life of patients. Among the different phenotypes of asthma, allergic asthma constitutes the majority of cases. Among the different triggers of asthma exacerbations, aeroallergens have the leading role, being mites group more important and prevalent. Among the mites, the most relevant to the study are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and Blomia tropicalis (Blo t), with significant importance in tropical countries. Patients can be sensitive to these two mites or only one of them, but the positivity of test in vivo or in vitro clinical reactivity and does not mean that there is agreement with the relevant allergen for the triggering of symptoms. The cross-reactivity between these two mites has been studied. In vivo, there are few studies demonstrating the cross-reactivity between Der p and Blo t analyzing the correlation between skin tests and bronchial provocation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical reactivity in patients with asthma sensitized to both house dust mites, Der p and Blo t. For this reason, patients with asthma, Ambulatory Service of Clinical Immunology and Allergy HCFMUSP were selected. Specific bronchial provocation tests were performed with both mites at different times. Eighteen patients with asthma were selected, and thirty-six provocations were performed. All provocations with the mite Der p were positive. Regarding Blo t, the result was positive in 93% of tests. In the present study, there was agreement in most cases between the presence of sensitization to mites and positivity in bronchial provocation test. Therefore, sensitization to mites in skin test identified is relevant to the triggering of asthma symptoms in these patients
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Marknell, DeWitt Åsa. "Use of Recombinant Allergens for Component-Resolved Diagnostics (CRD) in IgE-Mediated Allergy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7813.

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Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy occurs when our immune system causes a reaction to otherwise harmless substances (allergens). Allergens are predominantly proteins present in biological materials such as pollens, mites, animal epithelia, moulds and foods.

In vitro tests for specific IgE antibodies usually employ an allergen source extract as an antibody capturing reagent. The proportion of allergenic molecules in these biochemically complex extracts may vary.

Recombinant allergens may be obtained in large quantities with biotechnological techniques. These proteins can be characterized biochemically and immunologically, resulting in tests with minimal batch-to-batch variation. This thesis describes different uses of recombinant allergens in component-resolved diagnostics (CRD).

In CRD, single allergenic proteins are used to establish a sensitization profile of the patient. Two timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen allergens, Phl p 11 and Phl p 4, were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins. They were subsequently characterized and can, for example, be used in a panel for grass pollen CRD.

Single allergens may be useful as diagnostic markers for allergic sensitization. This phenomenon was studied using tropomyosin, a major allergen from the shrimp Penaeus aztecus (Pen a 1). The characteristics of the recombinant and natural proteins were compared. The recombinant tropomyosin was then extensively tested using specific competition for IgE binding against extracts of other crustacean species, house dust mite and cockroach.

In cases when an important allergen is missing or underrepresented in a natural extract, the corresponding recombinant allergen may be added to the extract as a spiking reagent. Previous studies have shown that latex extracts for diagnostic testing may lack the allergen Hev b 5. Recombinant Hev b 5 was expressed from a synthetic gene construct, incorporating several adaptations to enable efficient large scale production of the recombinant protein, to be used as a spiking reagent.

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Marknell, DeWitt Åsa. "Use of recombinant allergens for component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) in IgE-mediated allergy /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7813.

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Books on the topic "Allergens: diagnostic use"

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Diagnosing your own food allergies: A handbook for home use. New York: Vantage Press, 1992.

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Medical tests sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about preventive care guidelines, routine health screenings, home-use tests, blood, stool, and urine tests, genetic testing, biopsies, endoscopic exams, and imaging tests, such as X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams; along with facts about diagnostic tests for allergies, cancer, diabetes, heart and lung disease, infertility, osteoporosis, sleep problems, and other specific conditions, a glossary of related terms, and directories of additional resources. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, Inc., 2015.

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Medical tests sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about preventive care guidelines, routine health screenings, home-use tests, blood, stool, and urine tests, genetic testing, biopsies, endoscopic exams, and imaging tests, such as X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (ct), and nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams; along with facts about diagnostic tests for allergies, cancer, diabetes, heart and lung disease, infertility, osteoporosis, sleep problems, and other specific conditions, a glossary of related terms, and directories of additional resources. 4th ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2011.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Poison Ivy and Oak Extracts and Other Allergenic Extracts for Human Use Excluding Diagnostic Allergens. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Poison Ivy and Oak Extracts and Other Allergenic Extracts for Human Use Excluding Diagnostic Allergens. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Poison Ivy and Oak Extracts and Other Allergenic Extracts for Human Use Excluding Diagnostic Allergens in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Poison Ivy and Oak Extracts and Other Allergenic Extracts for Human Use Excluding Diagnostic Allergens in Greater China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Poison Ivy and Oak Extracts and Other Allergenic Extracts for Human Use Excluding Diagnostic Allergens in the United States. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Vaccines and Toxiods for Human Use Excluding Allergens and Diagnostics in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Vaccines and Toxiods for Human Use Excluding Allergens and Diagnostics in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Allergens: diagnostic use"

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Kraft, D. "Diagnostic and Therapeutic Use of Recombinant Allergens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 471–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_68.

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Kimber, Ian, and Marc Pallardy. "The Use of T Cells in Hazard Characterization of Chemical and Drug Allergens and Integration in Testing Strategies." In T Lymphocytes as Tools in Diagnostics and Immunotoxicology, 1–7. Basel: Springer Basel, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0726-5_1.

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N. Pramod, Siddanakoppalu. "Immunological Basis for the Development of Allergic Diseases-Prevalence, Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies." In Cell Interaction - Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95804.

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Allergy is an immune disorder due to over responsiveness of immune system to a relatively normal and harmless antigen; derived from environmental and dietary substances commonly referred as allergens. Allergy is an IgE mediated type I hypersensitivity which is characterized by the degranulation of specialized white blood cells known as mast cells and basophils. Majority of characterized allergens are proteinaceous in nature and induce Th2 response. Specific Th2 cytokines elicit the induction of allergen specific IgE antibodies in sensitive individuals. The IgE binds to Fc epsilon receptor on basophil/mast cells and on exposure, allergens cross links the IgE and induce release of hypersensitivity mediators that result in allergic symptoms. The symptoms varies from mild allergies like hay fever, itchiness, rashes, rhinatisis, conjunctivitis to a severe condition such as Asthma and some time life threatening anaphylaxis. At present a various blood based test exist to diagnose allergies which include skin prick, patch test and Specific IgE tests. The best treatment available is to avoid exposure to allergens alternatively use of anti-histamines, steroids or other symptom reducing medications are in practice. Immunotherapy to desensitize the response to allergen and targeted therapy are promising for allergy in future.
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"Atopic eczema and related itchy rashes." In Paediatric Dermatology, edited by Sue Lewis-Jones and Ruth Murphy, 243–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198821304.003.0017.

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This chapter predominantly concerns atopic eczema (syn. dermatitis) but also covers less common types of endogenous and exogenous eczemas. A brief account of the current understanding of the genetics of atopic eczema is provided. There are tips on how to take a good clinical and family history to ascertain the correct diagnosis; how to ask about and avoid trigger factors; and when and how to investigate. A holistic approach to management is recommended in line with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance (CG057) on managing childhood eczema, which suggests a stepped approach to management appropriate to clinical and psychosocial severity. There are useful figures, e.g. diagnostic criteria and typical clinical images, to illustrate. The management of suspected food allergy and airborne allergens is discussed with statements quoted from NICE guidance CG057 where relevant. General principles and specific management therapies are provided on the use of emollients, topical corticosteroids, and others; third-line immunosuppressive therapies and the treatment of infected eczema. Attention is paid to secondary bacterial and viral infections, in particular the potentially serious eczema herpeticum (widespread H.simplex virus) and when to refer for urgent specialist help. Some other types of eczema included are discoid, contact, and seborrhoeic eczema. Rashes sometimes confused with eczema are listed and a brief mention made of pruritus and its possible causes.
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Aviles, David A. Sotello, and Walter C. Hellinger. "Antibiotics, Antivirals, and Antifungals." In Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review, edited by Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, James Y. Findlay, William D. Freeman, and Ayan Sen, 981–89. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862923.003.0137.

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Antimicrobial therapy should not be initiated before infection with a susceptible pathogen is suspected or confirmed or before appropriate diagnostic specimens, including those for cultures, are collected. Recognizing indications for antibiotic administration and appropriately selecting antimicrobial agents based on clinical and microbiologic findings is required. Distinguishing between empiric prescribing, when infection syndromes and pathogens are suspected, and therapeutic prescribing, when infection syndromes are confirmed and pathogens identified, is critically important. Working knowledge of antimicrobial drug dosing, adjustment of dosing for renal or hepatic insufficiency, drug-drug interactions, and antimicrobial allergies or intolerances is required, and ready access to and liberal use of reference guides help ensure good patient care.
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Lavariega, Juan C., Roberto Garza, Lorena G. Gómez, Victor J. Lara-Diaz, and Manuel J. Silva-Cavazos. "EEMI – An Electronic Health Record for Pediatricians." In Virtual and Mobile Healthcare, 249–64. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9863-3.ch012.

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The use of paper health records and handwritten prescriptions are prone to preset errors of misunderstanding instructions or interpretations that derive in affecting patients' health. Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems are useful tools that among other functions can assists physicians' tasks such as finding recommended medicines, their contraindications, and dosage for a given diagnosis, filling prescriptions and support data sharing with other systems. This paper presents EEMI, a Children EHR focused on assisting pediatricians in their daily office practice. EEMI functionality keeps the relationships among diagnosis, treatment, and medications. EEMI also calculates dosages and automatically creates prescriptions which can be personalized by the physician. The system also validates patient allergies. This paper also presents the current use of EHRs in Mexico, the Mexican Norm (NOM-024-SSA3-2010), standards for the development of electronic medical records and its relationships with other standards for data exchange and data representation in the health area.
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Lavariega, Juan C., Roberto Garza, Lorena G. Gómez, Victor J. Lara-Diaz, and Manuel J. Silva-Cavazos. "EEMI - An Electronic Health Record for Pediatricians." In Data Analytics in Medicine, 614–28. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1204-3.ch034.

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The use of paper health records and handwritten prescriptions are prone to preset errors of misunderstanding instructions or interpretations that derive in affecting patients' health. Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems are useful tools that among other functions can assists physicians' tasks such as finding recommended medicines, their contraindications, and dosage for a given diagnosis, filling prescriptions and support data sharing with other systems. This paper presents EEMI, a Children EHR focused on assisting pediatricians in their daily office practice. EEMI functionality keeps the relationships among diagnosis, treatment, and medications. EEMI also calculates dosages and automatically creates prescriptions which can be personalized by the physician. The system also validates patient allergies. This paper also presents the current use of EHRs in Mexico, the Mexican Norm (NOM-024-SSA3-2010), standards for the development of electronic medical records and its relationships with other standards for data exchange and data representation in the health area.
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Wymer, David C., and David T. G. Wymer. "Imaging of the Kidney." In Kidney Protection, edited by Vijay Lapsia, Bernard G. Jaar, and A. Ahsan Ejaz, 71–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190611620.003.0008.

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The focus of this chapter is the use of imaging in providing the information necessary to protect the kidney from insults (metabolic and physical) and when needed to evaluate effects of age related renal changes, drugs, treatments, and trauma on renal function. Imaging is an integral part in the evaluation of the renal patient. Radiology has a mandate to help provide a diagnosis while balancing the benefits of imaging against any potential adverse effect encountered in the imaging process. Major considerations in deciding on how to best image a given patient include radiation exposure, contrast allergies, potential contrast toxicity (including systemic effects such as NSF), psychological effects (such as claustrophobia), and renal trauma secondary to interventional procedures.
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Yıldız, Erkan. "Non-Allergic Rhinitis." In Inflammation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94544.

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Non-allergic rhinitis is a term used for situations where no allergen can be detected as the cause of rhinitis. In non-allergic rhinitis; Skin test positivity or specific Ig E response cannot be detected. The pathophysiology of nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) is heterogeneous. The most common type is vasomotor rhinitis, also called idiopathic. In addition, there are many types such as hormonal, gustatory, occupational, atrophic, cold air-induced and systemic diseases. Patients; They present with symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itching in the nose, the symptoms of the patients do not show a seasonal pattern. There are family stories, but they are not as common as allergic rhinitis (AR). An underlying factor such as infection, sinusitis or polyps cannot be detected in patients. It was determined that the patients showed more neurogenic abnormalities in the pathophysiology. These patients have been shown to be hypersensitive to substances with ingredients such as cold air or capsaicin. The diagnosis is made clinically, the onset of the disease is in adolescence. Oral/nasal antihistamines, steroids, leukotriene antagonists are used in the treatment.
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Conference papers on the topic "Allergens: diagnostic use"

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Morozova, Tatiana Ivanovna, and Elena Alexandrova. "Use of the Recombinant Tuberculosis Allergen in the Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Paediatric Patients." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2730.

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