Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Allergen'
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1
Goodman, Neil. "Electrostatic allergen control." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249630.
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Oldfield, William Laurence George. "Allergen-derived T cell peptides in the treatment of cat allergy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398029.
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Beuraud, Chloé. "Identification et caractérisation d'une population de cellules lymphoïdes innées de type 2 (ILC2) associée à la sévérité de la rhinite allergique et de l'asthme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS475.
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Identification et caractérisation d'une population d'ILC2 associée à la sévérité de la rhinite allergique et de l'asthmeTrois catégories de cellules lymphoïdes innées (innate lymphoid cells, ILC) ont été décrites récemment sur la base de leurs phénotypes et leurs caractéristiques fonctionnelles : les ILC1, ILC2 et ILC3. Les ILC2 semblent avoir un rôle pro-inflammatoire important dans l’allergie en raison de leur capacité à produire de grandes quantités de cytokines TH2.Pour mieux comprendre le rôle de ces cellules dans l’allergie respiratoire, nous avons comparé les ILC sanguines de patients atteints d’une rhinite allergique associée ou non à un asthme, à celles de sujets non allergiques. Cette étude révèle de multiples différences fonctionnelles entre les ILC circulantes de sujets sains et allergiques. Notamment, la fréquence d’ILC2 exprimant le récepteur aux chimiokines CCR10 est augmentée dans le sang de patients asthmatiques sévères.CCR10 pouvant permettre le recrutement des ILC vers les organes cibles, le rôle des ILC2 CCR10+ dans la physiopathologie de l’asthme a été étudié. Leur présence dans les poumons humains a été observée. Des analyses fonctionnelles et phénotypiques ont révélé que cette sous-population cellulaire était peu activée mais présentait une plasticité leur conférant des caractéristiques proches des ILC1. La déplétion de ces cellules dans un modèle murin d’asthme allergique aggrave l’hyperréactivité bronchique.Les travaux de cette thèse documentent le rôle des ILC dans l’asthme. En particulier, la fréquence sanguine d’ILC2 CCR10+ augmente avec la sévérité de la maladie. Les résultats obtenus dans les modèles animaux suggèrent que ces cellules auraient un rôle bénéfique dans le contrôle de l’asthme. La voie du CCR10 pourrait représenter une nouvelle cible pour le développement de traitements innovants contre l’asthme ou une source prometteuse de biomarqueursIdentification and characterization of an ILC2 subset linked to allergic rhinitis and asthma severityInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been classified into ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 subsets based on their respective phenotypes and functions. Considering the strong ability of ILC2s to produce TH2 cytokines, these cells likely play a significant role in allergic diseases.To better understand the role of these cells in respiratory allergies, we compared blood ILCs from allergic patients with or without asthma to non-allergic individuals. Together our results show multiple functional differences between ILC from allergic and healthy subjects. In particular, ILC2s expressing the chemokine receptor CCR10 are specifically enriched in the blood of patients with severe allergic asthma.Considering that CCR10 could allow the recruitment of ILCs to target organs, the role of CCR10+ ILC2s in asthma physiopathology has been studied. This ILC2 subtype is present in human lungs. Functional and phenotypic analyses revealed that these cells are less activated than other ILC2s and show ILC1-like properties. CCR10+ ILC2s depletion in a mouse model of allergic asthma exacerbate airway hyperreactivity.Together, this work documents the role of ILCs in asthma. Specifically, circulating CCR10+ ILC2 frequency increases with asthma severity. The results obtained in mouse models suggest that these cells could have a beneficial role in asthma control. CCR10 pathway could represent a new target to elaborate breakthrough treatments against asthma or a source of promising biomarkers
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Al-Shabib, Nasser Abdlatif. "Allergen proteins on surfaces." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581874.
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Cleaning of processing equipment in the food industry and of surfaces in catering and domestic environments is a key issue in prevention of accidental exposure of individuals with a food allergy to allergens. Ovomucoid was adsorbed onto different surfaces (stainless steel, formica and glass) in various amounts for different periods of time. Generally, when ovomucoid was in contact with any of the surfaces, more protein remained on the surface (as determined using the Bradford method) and more immunoreactivity remained (as determined by ELISA) when more protein was put on the surface or when it was left for a longer time. Ovomucoid adsorbed onto stainless steel and formica yielded higher protein remaining and immunoreactivity than was observed for the glass surface. Ovomucoid was heated in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) at different temperatures for 10 min, and heated in different aqueous solutions for various times, and also heated on different surfaces for various times. The results indicated that different antibody-based methods had different sensitivities in detecting the heated ovomucoid. When using one particular immunoassay, the immunoreactivity of ovomucoid increased rapidly after heating in water whereas immunoreactivity declined after heating in alkaline buffer (pH 10). Ovomucoid appeared more immunoreactive when dissolved in PBS (pH 7.4) and heated on a stainless steel surface. Isolated ovomucoid and ovomucoid within a model food mixture were adsorbed onto different surfaces until dry at ambient temperature before investigating removal of ovomucoid using different cleaning solutions. In general, NaOH and HCI solutions were more effective for removal of ovomucoid from surfaces even though some ovomucoid still remained on some surfaces. Isolated ovomucoid and ovomucoid present within a food mixture behaved differently as regards removal from different surfaces. To our knowledge, this is the first time that antibody-based methods have been applied for the detection of ovomucoid adsorbed onto different surfaces under various conditions. The results obtained suggest that food processors need to be aware of specific problems generated by particular food matrices and the type of surfaces and processes involved. False assurance will be given with the use of inappropriate, non-validated immunoassays such as those available commercially as 'Swab' tests. A greater understanding of antibody-protein interaction after processing of a protein is required.
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Gardner, Leanne M. (Leanne Margaret) 1977. "Modulation of the allergen-specific Tcell response." Monash University, Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5817.
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Karlsson, Anne-Sophie. "Cat allergen exposure at school : evaluation of sampling methods and allergen avoidance strategies /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-847-5/.
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Codispoti, Christopher D. "Allergen wheal area during early childhood predicts allergic rhinitis phenotypes at age four." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1338581769.
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Böttcher, Malin, Jenny Fredriksson, Anna Hellquist, and Maria Jenmalm. "Effects of breast milk from allergic and non-allergic mothers on mitogen- and allergen-induced cytokine production." Linköpings universitet, Pediatrik, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-26400.
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Breast milk contains several components that provide specific immunity and affect the maturation of the infant's immune system. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of breast milk, on mitogen- and allergen-induced cytokine production from cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC), and if those effects differ between allergic and non-allergic mothers. The cells were incubated for 96 h with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), ovalbumin or cat dander in the presence of various dilutions of colostrum. Colostrum inhibited both mitogen- and cat-induced IFN-γ and mitogen-induced interleukin-4 (IL-4) production. The inhibition on IFN-γ production was to some extent caused by TGF-β, as the effect was modified when an anti-TGF-β antibody was added to the cultures. In contrast, colostrum enhanced allergen-induced production of the Th2-like cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, and this was accompanied with increased production of IL-10. No differences were found between allergic and non-allergic mothers. The inhibitory effect of breast milk on IFN-γ production, which was partly due to the high levels of TGF-β, together with the enhancing effect on IL-10 secretion, confirm that breast milk is anti-inflammatory. Although the production of IL-5 and IL-13 was enhanced by colostrum, this was accompanied with an increased production of IL-10. Together with the high levels of TGF-β in breast milk and inhibitory effect of colostrum on IL-4 production, this suggests a possible mechanism whereby breast-feeding may protect against the development of allergy. Despite differences in the composition of breast milk between allergic and non-allergic mothers, the effects of breast milk on cytokine production from CBMC were independent of the atopic status of the mothers.
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Barua, Utpal. "Allergen specific immunoglobulins during pregnancy." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1993. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19325/.
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In this study the serum concentration of IgE and IgG4 (total and allergen specific taking Timothy grass pollen as the model allergen) have been investigated prospectively during and after pregnancy in healthy women and women suffering from allergic rhinitis. The results show that the total serum IgG concentration remained unchanged in both groups during pregnancy. There was no significant difference in the serum concentration of IgG 4 between pregnant allergic women and non-pregnant allergic women. Levels of IgG4 were approximately twice as high (p< 0.01) in non-allergic pregnant women compared to the non-allergic nonpregnant control group. Total IgG4 concentrations were similar in allergic and non-allergic women during pregnancy; however, in the non-pregnant state allergic women had significantly (p = 0.017) higher levels of IgG4 than non-allergic women. The results show that both during pregnancy and in the non-pregnant state there was a highly significantly (p< 0.001) greater serum concentration of total IgE in allergic than non-allergic subjects. Although the level of IgE was significantly (p=0.004) lower in pregnancy, the differences are relatively small and seem unlikely to be of great physiological significance. Allergic symptomatology did not correspond to IgE levels during pregnancy. In both the pregnant and non-pregnant women the serum concentration of antigen-specific IgE was highly significantly greater in the allergic than the non-allergic subjects. However, in allergic women, the concentration of antigen-specific IgE was very much lower during pregnancy, at about 6% of the non-pregnant level (p < 0.001). The concentration of antigen-specific IgG4 was also reduced in pregnancy in allergy sufferers, being about half of the level found in the non-pregnant individuals (p < 0.001). There appeared to be an increase in spontaneous first trimester abortion in women who suffered symptoms of allergy. From the case histories of all 418 pregnancies at the Langold Health Centre ante-natal clinic attending between September 1976 and December 1990, 192 were to allergy sufferers and 226 were to normal women. The abortion rate was 16.7% in the allergic group and 5.3% in the normal pregnant women (p < 0.001).
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Cameron, Elizabeth Anne. "Local isotype switching to IgE within allergic nasal mucosa in response to allergen exposure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0035/NQ64528.pdf.
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SICHILI, STEFANIA. "Allergia alimentare ed Asma Bronchiale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11769/490552.
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L’allergia Alimentare rappresenta una delle cause di Asma bronchiale spesso sottovalutata e poco considerata al momento della diagnosi in quanto rappresenta una piccola percentuale dei fenotipi dell’asma allergico. Lo scopo del mio studio è di valutare la prevalenza di asma bronchiale secondaria ad allergia alimentare e le loro caratteristiche, nei pazienti afferenti all’ambulatorio di Allergologia dell’Ospedale Policlinico di Catania dal mese di gennaio a dicembre 2011. Metodi: Dal mese di Gennaio al mese di Dicembre 2011 sono giunti presso il nostro ambulatorio 4544 pazienti per sospetta patologia di natura allergica. I pazienti affetti da asma bronchiale erano 1233 rappresentando quindi solo il 27 % delle utenze. Il restante 73% dei pazienti avevano effettuato una visita allergologica perché lamentavano orticaria acuta o cronica, dermatite allergica o irritativa da contatto, intolleranza al lattosio, rinite allergica ecc. Considerando il gruppo di pazienti affetti da asma bronchiale solo il 6% (75 pazienti su 1233) presentava asma da allergia alimentare all’anamnesi. La situazione clinica è stata confermata dal prick test, dalla misura delle IgE sieriche specifiche (RAST, Radio-Allergo-Sorbent Test) e dallo studio spirometrico per stabilire il grado dell’asma. Risultati: Sono stati arruolati nello studio i 75 pazienti affetti da asma bronchiale secondaria ad allergia alimentare i quali rappresentano il 6% dei pazienti del nostro ambulatorio osservate tra gennaio e dicembre 2011. Avevano un’età compresa tra i 5 ed i 65 anni, con una prevalenza per il sesso femminile (50 contro 25 maschi). Sono state prese in considerazione 5 fasce d’età: da 0-6 anni; 7-18 anni; 19-35 anni; 36-50 anni e > 50 anni. L’età compresa fra i 36-50 anni è la più rappresentativa in conformità alle utenze del nostro ambulatorio che si occupa prevalentemente di adulti. Il gruppo arruolato presentava all’anamnesi oltre l’asma conseguente all’ingestione di alimenti rinite o orticaria allergica. Nel 43% dei casi vi era associata una rinite allergica nel 8% dei casi orticaria allergica mentre nel 15 % dei casi le due comorbilità coesistevano. Nel gruppo arruolato l’anamnesi di asma da alimenti è stata confermata con i test diagnostici allergologici a nostra disposizione: il prick test ed il dosaggio delle IgE specifiche sieriche che ci hanno permesso di effettuare una distribuzione degli allergeni alimentari. In particolar modo è possibile notare che il grano è l’allergene più rappresentativo proprio perché il target d’età dei nostri pazienti appartiene ad una fascia adulta in accordo con ciò che è evidente in letteratura. Conclusioni: In questo studio i pazienti affetti da asma bronchiale da allergia alimentare sono prevalentemente di sesso femminile. Il nostro gruppo presentava all’anamnesi oltre l’asma conseguente all’ingestione di alimenti, rinite o orticaria allergica. Nel 43% dei casi vi era associata una rinite allergica nel 8% dei casi orticaria allergica mentre nel 15 % dei casi le due comorbilità coesistevano. Nel gruppo arruolato l’anamnesi di asma da alimenti è stata confermata con i test diagnostici allergologici a nostra disposizione: il prick test ed il dosaggio delle IgE specifiche sieriche. Nei nostri pazienti il grano è l’allergene più rappresentativo proprio perché il target d’età dei nostri pazienti appartiene ad una fascia adulta in accordo con ciò che è evidente in letteratura.Background: Food allergy is one of the causes of bronchial asthma often underestimated and little considered at the time of diagnosis because it represents a small percentage of the phenotypes of allergic asthma. The purpose of my study was to evaluate the prevalence of bronchial asthma secondary to food allergy and their characteristics in patients referred to hospital outpatient Allergy Hospital of Catania from January to December 2011. Methods: From January to the month of December 2011 arrived at our clinic for 4544 patients suspected of allergic disease. Patients with asthma were 1233 thus representing only 27% of the users. The remaining 73% of the patients had another allergy desease: acute or chronic urticaria, allergic dermatitis or irritant contact, lactose intolerance, allergic rhinitis etc. Considering the group of patients with asthma, only 6% (75 patients out of 1233) had asthma, food allergy anamnesis. The clinical situation was confirmed by skin prick test, the measurement of serum specific IgE (RAST, Radio-Allergo-Sorbent Test) and study spirometry to establish the degree of asthma. Results: Were enrolled in the study, 75 patients with bronchial asthma secondary to food allergy which represent 6% of patients observed. Ranged in age from 5 to 65 years, with a prevalence for females (50 versus 25 males). Have been considered five age groups: 0-6 years, 7-18 years, 19-35 years, 36-50 years and> 50 years. The aged 36-50 years is the most representative in accordance with the users of our clinic that deals mainly with adults. The asthma group had associated history of rhinitis or urticaria. In 43% of cases there was an associated allergic rhinitis in 8% of cases allergic urticaria and in 15% of cases the two coexisting comorbidities. In the group enlisted the history of asthma from food has been confirmed with allergy diagnostic tests: prick test and serum IgE. In particular, we can see that the grain is the most representative allergen because the target age of our patients belong to a band adult in agreement with what is evident in the literature. Conclusion: In this study, patients with bronchial asthma food allergy are predominantly female. In 43% of cases there was an associated allergic rhinitis in 8% of cases allergic urticaria and in 15% of cases the two coexisting comorbidities.In the group enlisted the history of asthma from food has been confirmed with allergy diagnostic tests at our disposal: the prick test and specific IgE in serum. In our patients the wheat allergen is the most representative because the target age of our patients belong to a band adult in agreement with what is evident in the literature.
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Resk, Nicole. "Human dander as a potential allergen source in atopic dogs allergen characterization and IgE-profiling." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2006. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2006/2977/index.html.
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Dandrieux, Julien. "Influence of allergen-specific immunotherapy on allergen-specific IgG subclasses in dogs with atopic dermatitis /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/08dandrieux_j.pdf.
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Nony, Emmanuel. "Production et caractérisation de l'allergène recombinant Bet v 1 utilisé à des fins d'immunothérapie allergénique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114801.
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L'allergie respiratoire au pollen de bouleau affecte un nombre important de personnes dans le monde. Il est estimé que 100 millions d'individus sont sensibilisés à l'allergène majeur du pollen de bouleau nommé Bet v 1. L’immunothérapie allergénique, basée sur l'administration répétée de l'allergène incriminé, permet la rééducation du système immunitaire du patient d’un profil TH2 vers un profil TH1/Treg et à terme la diminution des symptômes allergiques. Ces travaux de thèse avaient donc pour finalité de produire et de caractériser l'allergène recombinant Bet v 1, à des fins d’immunothérapie allergénique. Dans ce cadre, différentes méthodes analytiques ont été développées et appliquées afin d'optimiser le procédé de production via l'élimination de différentes impuretés liées au produit ou au procédé de production et de documenter la structure de l’allergène. En particulier, l'utilisation de la spectrométrie de masse a permis la détermination de la masse exacte de l'allergène ainsi que la vérification complète de sa séquence en acides aminés. Les travaux en spectrométrie de masse ont également contribué aux détections et identifications de diverses impuretés et produits de dégradations et ont ainsi conduit à plusieurs optimisations du procédé industriel de production de l'allergène recombinant. Les activités immunologiques de certains produits de dégradations ont également été investiguées. La structure tertiaire (spatiale) de l'allergène a été déterminée par diffraction aux rayons X. Enfin, ces travaux ont permis de documenter la qualité de l'allergène recombinant rBet v 1 afin i) de l'établir comme substance de référence pour la Pharmacopée Européenne et ii) de procéder à une étude clinique d’immunothérapie allergénique de phase II auprès de 483 patients allergiques au pollen de bouleauRespiratory allergy to birch pollen affects a large number of people in the world. It is estimated that 100 million people are sensitized to the major allergen from birch pollen, namely Bet v 1. Allergen immunotherapy, based on the repeated administration of the allergen of interest, allows the modification of the patient's immune response from a TH2 to a TH1/Treg pattern and thus the reduction of allergic symptoms. This study was therefore aimed to produce and characterize the recombinant Bet v 1 (rBet v 1) allergen, for immunotherapy purpose.In this context, various analytical methods have been developed and applied in order to optimize the production of rBet v 1 via the reduction of process or product-related impurities as well as to document the quality of the purified allergen. In particular, the use of mass spectrometry has allowed the determination of the exact mass of the intact allergen and the complete verification of its amino acid sequence. Mass spectrometry data have also contributed to the detection and identification of impurities and degradation products and have therefore led to several optimizations of the industrial process for the production of the recombinant allergen. Immunological activities of certain degradation products were also investigated and the allergen tertiary structure was determined by X-ray diffraction. Finally, this study was decisive in order i) to establish rBet v 1 as a chemical reference substance for the European Pharmacopoeia as well as ii) to perform a phase II clinical study conducted in 483 patients with birch pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis
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Gueguen, Claire. "Caractérisation des cellules dendritiques de type 2 : Application à la recherche de biomarqueurs de l’immunothérapie spécifique allergénique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114806.
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L’allergie ou l’hypersensibilité de type I est une réponse inappropriée du système immunitaire à une substance étrangère à l’organisme, nommée « allergène ». L’immunothérapie allergénique (ITA) est actuellement le seul traitement sur le marché qui permet de traiter l’étiologie de la maladie allergique par opposition aux traitements symptomatiques qui diminuent temporairement les manifestations allergiques. Son action consiste à réduire la sensibilité de l’organisme vis-à-vis de l’allergène en modulant progressivement la réponse immunitaire dirigée contre ce dernier. L’objectif de cette thèse était de définir des biomarqueurs d’efficacité clinique utilisables dans le cadre des traitements de l’ITA. La stratégie de recherche est basée sur une hypothèse qui consiste à suggérer que les cellules dendritiques (DCs) sont impliquées dans le succès de l’immunothérapie. En particulier, nous supposons que le traitement induit une baisse des DCs de type 2 (DC2), qui induisent des lymphocytes T auxiliaires de type 2 (TH2), et une augmentation des DCs régulatrices (DCreg), qui induisent des lymphocytes T régulateurs. La première partie de cette thèse a consisté à mettre au point des conditions de culture induisant des DC2. Pour cela, un criblage de molécules biologiques et pharmacologiques a été entrepris sur les DCs dérivées des monocytes afin d’induire in vitro des DC2 et a conduit à la mise au point d’un mélange de plusieurs molécules, dont certaines sont impliquées dans les mécanismes de l’allergie. Le phénotype des DC2 obtenu a été étudié ainsi que la polarisation des lymphocytes T induite après co-cultures en comparaison avec des DCs de type 1 (DC1) et des DCreg.La deuxième partie de cette thèse a consisté à analyser, à l’échelle moléculaire, les différents types de DCs induites (DC1, DC2 et DCreg). Pour cela, deux techniques ont été utilisées, une analyse transcriptomique par puces à ADN et une analyse protéomique par spectrométrie de masse sans marquage, pour comparer le transcriptome et le protéome des DCs induites. Le différentiel d’expression des marqueurs les plus pertinents a été validé au niveau transcriptionnel et protéique.Dans la troisième partie de cette thèse, le suivi des marqueurs dans des cellules du sang de patients allergiques traités ou non par ITA lors d’une étude clinique randomisée, contrôlée, en double aveugle, a permis de définir six nouveaux candidats biomarqueurs d’efficacité de l’immunothérapie, dont trois spécifiques des DC2 et trois autres spécifiques des DCreg. Ces marqueurs pourront être suivis lors des traitements d’ITA pour distinguer les patients répondeurs des non-répondeursAllergy or type I hypersensitivity is an inappropriate response of the immune system to a foreign substance in the body, called "allergen". Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only treatment on the market that can handle the etiology of allergic disease versus symptomatic treatments that temporarily reduce allergic manifestations. Its action is to reduce the sensitivity of the body against allergens.The aim of this thesis was to define biomarkers of clinical efficacy of AIT. The research strategy is based on the following hypothesis: dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the success of immunotherapy. In particular, we assume that the treatment induces a decrease in DCs type 2 (DC2), which induce type 2 helper T cells, and an increase of regulatory DCs (DCreg), which induce regulatory T cells.First, we defined optimal culture conditions inducing the polarization of in vitro immature monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) toward a DC2 pattern. After screening several biological and pharmaceutical agents, we selected a cocktail of six molecules with some of them are pro-allergenic molecules. The phenotype of those DC2 cells and the CD4+ T cell polarization induced after coculture were characterized extensively in comparison with type 1 DC (DC1) and DCreg.In a second part, we compared the transcriptomes and the proteomes of MoDCs polarized into DC1, DC2 and DCreg by using cDNA microarrays together with label-free mass spectrometry. The differential expression of the most relevant markers was confirmed at the transcriptional and protein level. In the third part, markers were also followed in the peripheral blood from allergic patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled AIT study. The expression of three DC2 markers was down-regulated and of three DCreg markers was up-regulated in patients who responded to the treatment and correlated with clinical efficacy. These markers could be used as follow-up read-outs of AIT efficacy in order of to discriminate responders from nonresponders
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Vance, Gillian Helen Sarah. "Early life exposure to a dietary allergen : characteristics, and consequences for allergic sensitisation and disease." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269644.
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Boeckler, Arne Hellmut Wilhelm Fritjof. "Dibenzoylperoxid als potentielles Allergen in Prothesenkunststoffen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970628870.
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Tahmasian, Arineh. "Lupin: Prospective superfood or potential allergen?" Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2023. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2655.
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The demand for plant-based protein sources is on the rise. Lupins, important members of the legume family, are one of the richest natural sources of protein and fibre and can positively contribute to global food and nutritional security. Despite their strong potential, lupins remain under-utilised as a human food and are predominantly grown as green manure and livestock feed. One constraint to the widespread adoption of lupins in the food industry is allergenicity, which has led to its inclusion in the list of food allergens subjected to mandatory labelling in many countries.
The research presented herein focused on the study of proteins in lupin seeds, aiming to incentivise exploitation of this under-utilised legume by enhancing the available proteome-level knowledge and addressing the allergenicity challenges attributed to this legume. Firstly, the efficiency of four solvents (IPA-DTT, Tris-HCl, Urea and IPA→Urea) in extracting proteins from three narrow-leafed lupin genotypes (Tanjil, Unicrop and P27255) were evaluated through global discovery and quantitative proteomic approaches. The integration of complementary solvent systems enabled identification of 2,760 proteins from these genotypes. In addition, the proteome-wide relative quantitative analysis highlighted differences in the protein profiles of the wild and domesticated lupin genotypes and demonstrated the substantial influence of the protein extraction method on the proteome coverage and downstream biological interpretation of the data.
The diversity of the major lupin seed storage proteins, known as conglutins, were assessed across a panel of 46 genetically diverse narrow-leafed lupin genotypes. The differentiation and relative quantitation of the 16 conglutin sub-families, belonging to the four major α-, β-, γ-, and δ- families, was achieved by monitoring a set of maker peptides specific to each protein sub-family. Whilst this comparative evaluation determined distinct differences in the conglutin profiles of the lines under investigation, the major variability was observed for the β-, and δ-conglutin sub-families, wherein, the allergenic β-conglutin proteins were found at considerably lower levels in a subset of Australian and Polish domesticated varieties. These narrow-leafed lupin cultivars can serve as potential hypoallergenic varieties and be implemented in breeding programs for further enhancing the lupin grain as a human food ingredient.
Finally, a combination of discovery and targeted quantitative proteomic approaches were applied to examine the changes driven by solid-state fermentation (induced by the starter culture Rhizopus oligosporus) in the white lupin allergenic protein profiles. The comparative proteomics study of the allergen derived peptides across the pre-fermented and fermented samples revealed a significant decrease in the levels of ~94% of the monitored peptides as result of fermentation. This effect was more prominent across the β-conglutin peptides, for which a decrease > 50% was observed for ~70% of the monitored peptides. These observations suggest good efficiency of solid-state fermentation for the degradation of the allergenic proteins and development of innovative lupin-based food products with reduced allergenicity.
The findings of these proteomic studies contribute to advancing the proteome-level knowledge available for lupin seeds, thereby providing opportunities to now enhance lupin seed protein composition and stimulate the broader application of this grain legume as a food ingredient.
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Dang, Ha Xuan. "Mold Allergomics: Comparative and Machine Learning Approaches." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64205.
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Fungi are one of the major organisms that cause allergic disease in human. A number of proteins from fungi have been found to be allergenic or possess immunostimulatory properties. Identifying and characterizing allergens from fungal genomes will help facilitate our understanding of the mechanism underlying host-pathogen interactions in allergic diseases. Currently, there is a lack of tools that allow us to rapidly and accurately predict allergens from whole genomes. In the context of whole genome annotation, allergens are rare compared to non-allergens and thus the data is considered highly skewed. In order to achieve a confident set of predicted allergens from a genome, false positive rates must be lowered. Current allergen prediction tools often produce many false positives when applied to large-scale data set such as whole genomes, and thus lower the precision. Moreover, the most accurate tools are relatively slow because they use sequence alignment to construct feature vectors for allergen classifiers. This dissertation presents computational approaches in characterizing the allergen repertoire in fungal genomes as part of the whole genome studies of Alternaria, an important allergenic/opportunistic human pathogenic fungus and necrotrophic plant parasite. In these studies, the genomes of multiple Alternaria species were characterized for the first time. Functional elements (e.g. genes, proteins) were first identified and annotated from these genomes using computational tools. Protein annotation and comparative genomics approaches revealed the link between Alternaria genotypes and its prolific saprophytic lifestyle that provides at least a partial explanation for the development of pathological relationships between Alternaria and humans. A machine learning based tool (Allerdictor) was developed to address the neglected problem of allergen prediction in highly skewed large-scale data sets. Allerdictor exhibited high precision over high recall at fast speed and thus it is a more practical tool for large-scale allergen annotation compared with existing tools. Allerdictor was then used together with a comparative genomics approach to survey the allergen repertoire of known allergenic fungi. We predicted a number of mold allergens that have not been experimentally characterized. These predicted allergens are potential candidates for further experimental and clinical validation. Our approaches will not only facilitate the study of allergens in the increasing number of sequenced fungal genomes but also will be useful for allergen annotation in other species and rapid prescreening of synthesized sequences for potential allergens.Ph. D.
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Lordan, James Laurence. "The role of Dermatophagoides pteronissinus allergen and Th2 cytokines in the airway inflammation of allergic asthma." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246846.
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Archila, Diaz Luis Diego. "Assessment of allergen specific response in humans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310215.
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Allergies are emerging as a major public health concern in the westernized world as they are increasing for reasons that remain poorly understood. Allergies involving polysensitization and multiple organ involvement result in decreased quality of life, increased morbidity and mortality. Allergic subjects can be poly-sensitized to different allergens due to phylogenetic relatedness; several species contain shared allergenic epitopes. This phenomenon occurs both at the IgE as the T cell level. While IgE cross-reactivity has been well documented, T-cell cross-reactivity has not been thoroughly studied. Well-designed studies that underlie the T-cell mechanisms that accompany allergic inflammation are highly useful in future design for successful immunotherapy as T-cells play a crucial role in the perpetuating cycle of allergic response. Cross-reactivity at the T-cell level was studied with the use of HLA class II Tetramers in two distinct models: grass-pollen and tree nut allergy. In the first study, grass pollen from the Pooideae subfamily was studied. We identified that Timothy grass derived epitopes did not cross-reacted with all homologous epitopes from distinct grass-pollen species indicating that timothy grass alone does not cover the whole set of epitopes. Moreover, these minimally cross-reactive epitopes were detected with comparable frequency, phenotype and functionality to Phl p-specific T-cells, suggest that a multiple allergen system should be considered for immunotherapy instead of a mono allergen system. In the tree nut allergy model, we used cashew as a model to study tree-nut cross-reactivity against hazelnut, pistachio and walnut at the T-cell level. T-cell-clones specific to 7 out of 12 were generated to assess cross-reactivity by tetramer co-staining and proliferation experiments. TCC specific to cashew derived epitopes could readily proliferate with hazelnut and pistachio but not walnut peptides. This study leads to the conclusion that exposure to other tree nut allergens can trigger cashew-specific T-cell responses in these cashew allergic subjects. Strict avoidance of other tree nuts should be recommended in cashew allergic subjects. Food allergies have become a major public health concern as they can cause severe and sometimes fatal reactions. Nonetheless, food allergy-specific T-cell epitopes remain unidentified and uncharacterized. In the food allergy characterization study, we examined walnut allergen-specific T-cells. T-cell reactivity towards Jug r 1 and Jug r 2, as their corresponding allergens in peanut, 2S albumin (Ara h 2) and 7S vicilin-like seed storage protein (Ara h 1) respectively, are highly immunogenic in peanut allergic subjects. Jug r 3 was also studied since we have a small cohort of samples from Spain, where LTP is the major plant food allergen. We initially investigated Jug r 1 Jug r 2 and Jug r 3-specific T-cell responses using CD154 activation assay. Jug r 2, but neither Jug r 1 nor Jug r 3, elicited dominant T-cell responses in allergic subjects. Several Jug r 2 derived epitopes were then identified by using tetramer-guided epitope mapping (TGEM). The magnitude and phenotype of the response of Jug r 2-specific CD4+ T-cells in allergic and non-allergic subjects were determined directly ex-vivo. The predominant phenotype for Jug r 2 reactive T-cells is central memory phenotype. Results show that allergic subjects have a predominant TH2 phenotype, however, TH17 responses in some individuals were also observed. T-cells with CCR4+CD27+, CCR4+CD27-, CCR4+CCR6+ and CCR4+CCR6- surface phenotypes were detected in allergic subjects. T-cells from non-allergic subjects have a TH1 and TH1/TR1 phenotypes characterized by surface expression of CXCR3. Similar observations were observed in the cashew model. Both Cashew and Walnut-specific T-cells with TH2, TH17 and TH2/TH17 phenotypes could be detected in non-asthmatic and asthmatic walnut allergic subjects. Understanding this T-cell heterogeneity may improve our understanding of disease manifestation.Las alergias están aumentando por razones que aun son desconocidas. Los alérgenos, pueden actuar al nivel de IgE como al nivel de células T. Generalmente, los pacientes alérgicos están polysensitizados a distintas especies que contienen alérgenos debido a su relación filogenética. Aunque la reactividad cruzada ha sido estudiada a nivel de IgE, la misma ha sido poco estudiada a nivel de células T. En este estudio utilizamos tetrámeros de clase II para estudiar este fenómeno en dos modelos: uno de gramíneas y otro de frutos secos. Para el primero encontramos que un sistema de especies múltiples debería de ser utilizado, debido a que células que mínimamente reactivas están presentes con fenotipos, frecuencias y funcionalidad a la de la gramínea Timothy. Para los frutos secos encontramos que los clones de células T derivados de anacardos reconocen y tienen capacidades funcionales hacia pistacho y almendra pero no a la nuez. Evitar estos alimentos debería de ser estrictamente sugerido. Finalmente, nuestro estudio que se baso en la caracterización de células T especificas contra alimentos fue enfocado en la alergia a la nuez. Encontramos que los pacientes alérgicos contienen una variedad heterogenia en la respuesta celular T, caracterizada por respuestas TH2, TH2/TH17 y TH17, mientras que los pacientes no alérgicos tenían una frecuencia de células T baja o ausente y un fenotipo TH1. Además, la mayoría de las células tienen un fenotipo de memoria central. El entendimiento de esta heterogeneidad debería de ser aplicado para la mejora de tratamientos.
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Schnabl, Britta Simone. "Untersuchungen zur allergen-spezifischen Immuntherapie beim Kleintier." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-38335.
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Gauvreau, Gail M. "Pharmacological modulation of allergen-induced airway inflammation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/NQ42847.pdf.
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Christodoulopoulos, Pota. "Monocyte chemotactic proteins in allergen-induced rhinitis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0022/MQ50737.pdf.
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Christodoulopoulos, Pota. "Monocyte chemotactic proteins in allergen-induced rhinitis." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21526.
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Allergen-induced rhinitis is associated with the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils and CD4 + T cells into the nasal mucosa. Monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs) have been shown to induce chemotactic activity in these particular cell types under in vitro assay conditions. To assess the contribution of MCPs in the recruitment of inflammatory cells in vivo, we investigated the allergen-induced late response in subjects with allergic rhinitis. Using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, we demonstrated a constitutive expression of MCP-1, -3 and -4, of which MCP-3 and -4 were significantly increased in the nasal mucosa following allergen provocation. This upregulation of MCP-3 and 4 immunoreactivity in response to allergen, was reduced in patients pretreated with topical corticosteroids. Colocalization experiments revealed that the majority of MCP-positive cells were macrophages. The results of this study suggest that allergen-induced rhinitis is associated with an increased expression of MCP-3 and -4, which may be closely related to the influx of inflammatory cells and may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.
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Al-Ghouleh, Abeer. "The role of glycosylation in allergen recognition." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12103/.
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This project is an attempt to have a better understanding of the role of carbohydrates in recognition and uptake of allergens by the innate immune system. Glycosylation analysis of different allergens like Der p 1, Fel d 1, Ara h 1, Ber e 1, Der p 2, Bla g 2, Can f 1, Bromelain and Papain was made using labelled lectins that can detect specific carbohydrate moieties on proteins to reveal their pattern of glycosylation. These experiments showed that all major allergens are glycosylated and this represented a major first step towards demonstrating a link between glycosylation and allergen recognition by the innate immune system. N- and O-glycosylation patterns were predicted in different allergens and a difference in mannosylation and fucosylation was detected between allergens and non-allergenic proteins. We found that the main dominant sugars on allergens are 1,2 1,3 and 1,6 mannose, as detected by GNA lectin. We have also showed that Der p 1 and Der p 2 possess 1,3 fucose in their natural forms, thus concluding that Der p1 and Der p 2 have part of the CCDs which are epitope structures for IgE. O-glycosylation in allergens was also studied giving a better understanding of the whole glycan structure in allergens. The role of mannosylation in allergen recognition by the immune system was investigated further. Different methods, including recombinant expression, enzymatic and chemical deglycosylation, were optimised to produce glycoforms of Der p 1. A recombinant preparation of Der p 1 produced in Pichia pastoris was used as a hypermannosylated form of the allergen. These glycoforms served as useful tools in addressing the nature of glycoallergen recognition by looking at the uptake of hyper- and hypo-glycosylated preparations by DCs, with confocal microscopy, ELISA and FACS as readouts. Results indicate that deglycosylated forms of Der p 1 exhibited minimal uptake by DCs compared to the natural and hyperglycosylated recombinant allergen. Comparative analysis of the hypermannosylated preparation of Der p 1 and its natural counterpart, possessing less mannan, showed that the recombinant form was taken up more readily by DCs at 37°C and at 4°C. We also showed that these glycoforms bind to the MR subfragment CTLD 4-7-FC, the C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain. This binding significantly decreased when the Der p 1 allergen was deglycosylated. These results were confirmed further using confocal microscopy imaging which also showed that recombinant Der p 1 uptake is immediate, starting at 5 mins of incubation and that a higher quantity accumulates inside the DC compared to natural allergen. Recombinant and natural Der p 1 both co-localised with MR, DC-SIGN and LAMP-2 lysosomal marker, suggesting a key role for these receptors in allergen uptake and a common fate for these preparations inside the DC. Further experiments were done to show the effect of Der p 1 and Der p 1 glycoforms on TSLP secretion by epithelial cells, which is known to induce Th2 driven immune responses. The results show that TSLP secretion decreases significantly when epithelial cells are challenged with deglycosylated preparations of the same allergen. This may indicate a change in the outcome of adaptive immune responses when a deglycosylated allergen challenges epithelial cells. In conclusion, this work has demonstrated a link between allergenicity and glycosylation patterns in allergens. It therefore appears that mannosylation is the dominant sugar moiety associated with allergen uptake and recognition by humans DCs, and this is in line with MR being the main receptor involved in allergen binding by these cells.
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PAPALE, ANGELA. "UNDERSTANDING CHEMICAL ALLERGEN POTENCY: CONTRIBUTION OF KERATINOCYTES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/558276.
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Repeated exposure to chemical allergens increases the risk of becoming sensitized. Once an individual has become sensitized, any following exposure to the same chemical may result in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).
The risk to develop ACD is considered a serious health issue and the identification of potential sensitizing agents within consumer products is therefore crucial. With the enforcement of the 7th Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive (76/768/EEC) in March 2013, currently known as the Cosmetics Regulation (EU 1223/2009), a ban on the use of animals was introduced for identifying repeated dose toxicity endpoints of chemicals used in cosmetic ingredients and products. This ban results in an urgent need for the development of suitable non-animal methods for safety testing. The development of animal alternatives has become even more urgent due to the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of CHemicals (REACH) regulation, which may demand toxicity tests for chemicals produced in quantities of over 1 ton per year. Over the last years, many in vitro models have been proposed to identify the potential of chemicals to induce skin sensitization to meet current animal welfare, public opinions and legislation constrains. The development of in vitro, in chemico or in silico models for predicting the sensitizing potential of new chemicals is receiving widespread interest.
Keratinocytes (KCs) play a key role in skin sensitization, as they provide the essential danger signals, they are involved in the protein haptenation process, and supply enzymes that are necessary for the metabolic activation of prohapten.
Human KCs constitutively express several cytokines, including pro-interleukin (IL)-1, pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18. Evidences provided from our group has shown that IL-18 production in human KCs can be used as a sensitive method to identify contact allergens, discriminating them from respiratory allergens and irritants with a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 95% and an accuracy of 90%. IL-18 is synthesized as preform, which require proteolytic maturation by cysteine protease caspase-1, which must first be activated by the inflammasome.
More recently, we demonstrated the possibility of combining the Reconstituted human Epidermis (RhE) potency assay with the assessment of IL-18 release to provide a single test for identification and classification of skin sensitizing chemicals, including chemicals of low water solubility or stability (Gibbs et al., 2013). In addition to being able to determine whether or not a chemical is a sensitizer (labelling) it is also equally important to determine the potency of a sensitizer (classification) in order to identify a maximum safe concentration for human exposure (risk assessment).
The purpose of this thesis was to understand the role of several genes and proteins involved in contact allergen-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-18 production, and their possible correlation with allergenic potency.
Another objective of this thesis was to extend the list of chemicals tested in the RhE IL-18 potency assay, and to provide a simple method for the in vitro estimation of the expected sensitization induction level.
Results obtained during these three years of research activity have shown that several proteins involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation/regulation were modulated by contact allergens. In particular I focused my attention on the role of NLRP12 and B lymphocyte induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) in IL-18 production. The expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 activation were investigated by Western blot analysis and the NLRP12 localization characterized by immunoprecipitation.
Regarding potency classification the results obtained using RhE IL-18 potency assay are very promising, and further compounds should be tested to better define the applicability and limitation of RhE IL-18 potency test.
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Furmonaviciene, Ruta. "Structural studies of Der p 1, the major house dust mite allergen, and its homologues." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342488.
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Abrams, Stephanie B. "Evaluation of Veterinary Allergen Extract Content and Resultant Canine Intradermal Threshold Concentrations." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1524066093298819.
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Resk, Nicole [Verfasser]. "Human dander as a potential allergen source in atopic dogs : allergen characterization and IgE-profiling / eingereicht von Nicole Resk." Wettenberg : VVB Laufersweiler, 2006. http://d-nb.info/981573347/34.
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SEXTON, STEPHANIE A. "PREVALENCE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ALLERGEN AVOIDANCE METHODS IN HOMES OF INFANTS AT HIGH RISK FOR ALLERGIC DISORDERS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179315851.
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Landh, Carina. "Allergi påverkar det ett barns vistelse i förskola/skola? : Vilka kunskaper finns det idag angående barn och allergi?" Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4708.
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Sammanfattning
Barn drabbas i allt större utsträckning av allergi i någon form. Det är viktigt att forska kring dess medicinska verkningar på barnen och påverkan av allergin i det dagliga livet. Det forskas mycket idag kring barn och allergi. Läkarna ser en uppgång under senaste decennierna och ingen bättring i sikte. Det kan bero på dagens livsstil och miljötänkande. En större förståelse i dagens samhälle för barnens sjukdom behövs i många sammanhang. Jag använde mig av en kvalitativ intervjumetod för att få reda på barnens kunskaper och tankar kring ämnet. Jag har även gått igenom tidigare forskning kring ämnet. I min litteratur/enkätstudie framkom det att barnen vet mycket om allergi och att de får försaka aktiviteter inom skola/fritid. De barn som hade någon närstående eller kamrat på förskolan med allergi hade goda kunskaper och insikter i hur det var att leva med allergi. Nyckelord: Allergi, Allergen, Immunförsvaret, Pollen och Överkänslighet.
Detta är den version som ska gälla, den gamla innehåller fel.
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Rundqvist, Louise. "Thermodynamical and structural properties of proteins and their role in food allergy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk kemi och biofysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68020.
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Proteins are important building blocks of all living organisms. They are composed of a defined sequence of different amino acids, and fold into a specific three-dimensional, ordered structure. The three-dimensional structure largely determines the function of the protein, but protein function always requires motion. Small movements within the protein structure govern the functional properties, and this thesis aims to better understand these discrete protein movements. The motions within the protein structure are governed by thermodynamics, which therefore is useful to predict protein interactions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool to study proteins at atomic resolution. Therefore, NMR is the primary method used within this thesis, along with other biophysical techniques such as Fluorescence spectroscopy, Circular Dichroism spectroscopy and in silico modeling. In paper I, NMR in combination with molecular engineering is used to show that the folding of the catalytical subdomains of the enzyme Adenylate kinase does not affect the core of the protein, and thus takes a first step to linking folding, thermodynamic stability and catalysis. In paper II, the structure of the primary allergen from Brazil nut, Ber e 1, is presented along with biophysical measurements that help explain the allergenic potential of the protein. Paper III describes the need for a specific Brazil nut lipid fraction needed to induce an allergenic response. NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy is used to show that there is a direct interaction between Ber e 1 and one or several components in the lipid fraction.
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Barck, Charlotte. "Airway responses to NO₂ and allergen in asthmatics /." Stockholm : Karolinska University Press, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-273-X/.
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van, Gestel Patrick. "Optimising production control for reduction of allergen contamination." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9888.
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The purpose of this work was to provide an integrated solution to the problem of optimising plant production flow while also optimising allergen control. That is, to improve process flows, improve equipment utilisation, reduce work-in-process (WIP) inventory, and reduce unnecessary movement of stock while also optimising allergen control in the area under investigation.
Process improvement introduced to the plant during the project resulted in a 7% savings on labour cost, reduction in plant variability, reduced allergen cross contamination risk, reduced WIP, reduction of consumables, and increased equipment utilisation.
Discrete event simulation software has been used to determine the preferred strategy for implementing allergen control in a food producing FMCG plant. Three preferred allergen control strategies were identified by the Company, which were then modelled and analysed for impact on labour cost. Furthermore, a study was done on the effect of plant layout on labour cost.
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Warren, Gregory L. (Gregory Lee). "Nuclear magnetic resonance structural studies of allergen protein." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17350.
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Beal, Dominic Richard. "Role of macrophages in cockroach allergen-induced asthma." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/10938.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityAsthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease representing a significant socio-economic burden, and the incidence is rising in both developed and developing countries. Our lab has previously developed a robustly reproducible cockroach allergen induced asthma model using outbred HSD:ICR mice which induces many of the same features as seen in other mouse models of human disease, including airway hyper-responsiveness, mucin production, and pulmonary inflammatory cell recruitment. The studies presented here focus on the role of macrophages, which are often overlooked in favor of other cell types that have more specifically identified functions in asthma. In fact, macrophages are the most prevalent immune cell type found in the lungs and are not only involved in innate barrier immune functions, but also play key roles in the development, direction, and maintenance of adaptive immune responses. There is currently a dearth of information regarding the macrophage in cockroach allergen (CRA)-induced asthma. Macrophages were found to be recruited to the lung in high numbers following CRA exposure. In addition, a distinct phenotypic difference between macrophages harvested from naïve versus exposed mice was noted, based on their surface expression levels of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Ex vivo culture showed that lung cells from exposed mice produced increased amounts of the TH2 cytokines IL-4 and -13, and had impaired production of TNFα, KC, and MIP2, as compared to naïve cells. The effect was not systemic, as peritoneal macrophages did not show any changes in number or phenotype following CRA exposures. To assess the role of macrophage phenotypes in asthma pathogenesis, we developed a protocol to transfer autologous peritoneal macrophages into the lungs. This resulted in a reduction in total inflammatory cell recruitment, with significant reduction in the number of eosinophils in the BAL, and reduced eosinophil peroxidase activity in the lung. In addition, the transfer resulted in significantly reduced levels of Eotaxins in the lung. Depletion of macrophages using clodronate containing liposomes also resulted in reduced eosinophil recruitment and Eotaxin production In conclusion, the studies presented here highlight the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of CRA-induced asthma, particularly with regard to eosinophil recruitment.
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Rumore, Amanda Joan. "The Role of Alternaria and its Major Allergen, Alt a 1, in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Airway Disorders." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77339.
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Chronic exposure to the ubiqutious airborne fungus, Alternaria alternata, has long been implicated in the development and exacerbation of human allergy and asthma. Alt a 1 was identified previously by several groups as the major allergen secreted by A. alternata, due to its IgE-specific reactivity with sera from atopic patients. Despite the well-documented clinical importance of Alternaria and its major allergen, little knowledge exists regarding their role and interaction with the innate immune system. Here for the first time we characterize the innate immune response to A.alternata and verify the significance of Alt a 1 in contributing to this response in human airway cells and murine models. Our studies establish a baseline response for both a chronic and single-challenge murine inhalation model with Alternaria spores. Both models demonstrate live conidia induce a robust response, arguably more pathologically relevant compared to studies employing Alternaria extracts. We also elucidate the overall importance of Alt a 1 by utilizing recombinant Alt a 1 protein, A. alternata (Δalt a 1) deletion mutants, and an A.alternata (Alt a 1+) overexpression mutant. Both Alt a 1 protein and A. alternata conidia stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in mice after a single intranasal challenge. Infiltration of effector cells (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes) into the lungs along with other hallmarks of airway inflammation was observed. In addition, Alt a 1 protein and conidia evoked secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated human airway epithelial cells while the Alt a 1+ overxpression mutant induced a significantly higher response. In contrast, spores of Δalt a 1 caused an attenuated response in both human cells and murine lungs suggesting that this single protein may play a major role in inducing the innate immune response in airway epithelium at the organismal level. Finally, we identified key biochemical properties of the Alt a 1 protein including a single histidine required for esterase activity and a unique RXLR-like motif which controls Alt a 1's ability to bind external lipids and enter human airway cells. Overall, these results improve our understanding of how Alternaria induces innate immunity and identifies possible therapeutic targets within allergenic proteins.Ph. D.
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Kailaivasan, Thina Hareesh. "The interaction between grass pollen allergen and respiratory virus on the immune response in allergic rhinitis and asthma." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211141/1/Thina_Kailaivasan_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined the impact of the clinically relevant allergen of Paspalum notatum grass pollen on allergic sensitization profiles in Australian allergic rhinitis patients, and on the immune response towards human rhinovirus in adults with grass pollen allergy, and adolescents with allergic rhinitis and asthma. This thesis demonstrates the difference in geographical distribution and immunological recognition between subtropical and temperate grass pollen allergen sources and the need for specific diagnosis and treatment. It also establishes an effect of grass pollen allergen on the innate immune response towards rhinovirus. These outcomes have implications for the co-management of allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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Lee-Fowler, Tekla. "Determination of allergen sensitization and comparison of subcutaneous and mucosal (intranasal) allergen-specific immunotherapy in an experimental model of feline asthma." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6723.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. "May 2009" Includes bibliographical references.
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Cunniffe, Hannah. "Environmental determinants of allergens in different flooring materials and the influence of vacuum cleaning on this and airborne allergen concentrations." Thesis, Coventry University, 2006. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/372/.
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This thesis aims to determine the colonisation rates of house dust mites in different types of flooring materials and how this is influenced by vacuum cleaning, to assess the common fungal taxa present within carpets and how differing environmental determinants influence this, to develop more efficient cleaning regimes for the removal of house dust mite allergens from smooth and carpeted floors, and to assess the influence of vacuum cleaning on the airborne concentrations of Der p I and fungal spores from rooms with smooth and carpeted floors. The colonisation behaviour of two house dust mite species in three flooring types was compared and the differences noted. Significant differences were found in the colonisation of the same three flooring types by house dust mites and significant differences were found between controls and vacuum cleaned flooring. In the home environment, a number of variables were found to influence both the concentration of the house dust mite allergen Der p I and the level of fungal contamination of carpeted floors. Substantial differences in Der p I allergen concentrations were found between smooth and carpeted flooring and the process of intensive vacuum cleaning showed significant reductions in allergen concentrations for specific cleaning times. Significant differences occurred in airborne allergen concentrations and fungal spore counts both before and after vacuum cleaning, with significant differences found between rooms with carpeted and smooth floors. The general conclusion was that cleaning frequency and flooring type are two of the major variables to control in order to minimise exposure to house dust mite allergens and fungi in the home.
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Ochs, Stefanie [Verfasser], Heidrun [Akademischer Betreuer] Behrendt, and Bernadette [Akademischer Betreuer] Eberlein. "Größenfraktionierte Detektion von Allergen, Allergen beladenen Partikeln und Pollen in der Umluft / Stefanie Ochs. Gutachter: Heidrun Behrendt ; Bernadette Eberlein. Betreuer: Heidrun Behrendt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016741987/34.
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Nolin, James D. "Redox Control Of Allergic Airway Disease: Impact Of Glutaredoxin-1 On Epithelial Driven Inflammation And Allergen-Induced Airway Remodeling." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/410.
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Asthma is a multi-faceted chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by loss of airway epithelial integrity leading to remodeling of the airways. Perturbations to the lung redox environment, including alterations in glutathione (GSH) content, have been reported in asthma. GSH can be conjugated to protein cysteines, controlling protein function in an oxidant-dependent process known as protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG). The thioltransferase, glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx1), deglutathionylates proteins under physiological conditions, restoring sulfhydryl groups of target proteins. Glrx1 is emerging as a critical player in settings of allergic airway disease, but its function in regulating epithelial cell responses to asthma-relevant cytokines has not been examined. Furthermore, the role of Glrx1 in controlling the extent of airway remodeling in response to house dust mite (HDM) in vivo is still not well understood.
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a potent cytokine that stimulates epithelial cells to produce pro-inflammatory mediators, in part by activating the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) pathway, a key regulator of inflammation. We demonstrate that interleukin-17A (IL-17A) induces rapid activation of both classical and alternative NF-κB, while simultaneously resulting in protein oxidation and PSSG. In particular, we show IL 17A induces S-glutathionylation of RelA (RelA-SSG) and IKKα (IKKα-SSG), which is enhanced following siRNA-mediated knockdown of Glrx1. We also demonstrate that absence of Glrx1 leads to increased nuclear content of RelA and RelB and enhanced production of NF-κB-driven pro-inflammatory genes, KC and CCL20 while decreasing IL-6 expression. Finally, we show that siRNA-mediated knockdown of IKKα attenuates nuclear RelA and RelB and dampens pro-inflammatory gene production. Together, these data indicate a crucial role for the Glrx1/PSSG axis in controlling RelA-SSG, IKKα-SSG and epithelial cell responsiveness to IL-17A.
Mice lacking Glrx1 were previously shown to display enhanced resolution of allergic airway disease induced by ovalbumin (Ova) challenge. In this study, we determined the role of Glrx1 in a HDM model of allergic airway disease. Wild type (WT) mice and Glrx1 deficient (Glrx1-/-) mice demonstrated similar total lung cell counts, but Glrx1-/- mice displayed fewer neutrophils than WT mice. Conversely, mice overexpressing Glrx1 specifically in CCSP positive cells in the lung (Epi-Glrx1) showed attenuated total lung cell counts and lung eosinophils compared to control mice. Immunohistological analysis of remodeling markers revealed that Glrx1-/- mice displayed increased HDM-induced mucus metaplasia, α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) positivity and collagen staining compared to WT mice. Evaluation of total lung collagen showed that Glrx1-/- mice had significantly higher collagen content compared to WT mice. In Epi-Glrx1 mice, attenuation of mucus metaplasia, αSMA content and collagen staining was observed compared to control mice. Furthermore, Epi-Glrx1 mice also demonstrated significantly impaired collagen production compared to control mice. We also demonstrate that Glrx1 absence results in decreased expression of the epithelial cell marker, E-cadherin, and increased expression of αSMA, a mesenchymal marker. Together, these studies demonstrate a critical role for Glrx1 in controlling epithelial cell responses to IL-17A and in mediating in vivo collagen production in response to chronic allergen exposure.
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Sichili, Stefania. "Allergia alimentare ed Asma Bronchiale." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1437.
Full textAbstract:
L allergia Alimentare rappresenta una della cause di Asma bronchiale spesso sottovalutata e poco considerata al momento della diagnosi in quanto rappresenta una piccola percentuale dei fenotipi dell asma allergico.
Lo scopo dello mio studio è di valutare la prevalenza di asma bronchiale secondaria ad allergia alimentare e le loro caratteristiche, nei pazienti afferenti al ambulatorio di Allergologia dell Ospedale Policlinico di Catania dal mese di gennaio a dicembre 2011.
Metodi: Dal mese di Gennaio al mese di Dicembre 2011 sono giunti presso il nostro ambulatorio 4544 pazienti per sospetta patologia di natura allergica.
I pazienti affetti da asma bronchiale erano 1233 rappresentando quindi solo il 27 % delle utenze. Il restante 73% dei pazienti avevano effettuato una visita allergologica perché lamentavano orticaria acuta o cronica, dermatite allergica o irritativa da contatto, intolleranza al lattosio, rinite allergica ecc.
Considerando il gruppo di pazienti affetti da asma bronchiale solo il 6% (75 pazienti su 1233) presentava asma da allergia alimentare all anamnesi.
La situazione clinica è stata confermata dal prick test, dalla misura delle IgE sieriche specifiche (RAST, Radio-Allergo-Sorbent Test) e dallo studio spirometrico per stabilire il grado dell asma.
Risultati: Sono stati arruolati nello studio i 75 pazienti affetti da asma bronchiale secondaria ad allergia alimentare i quali rappresentano il 6% dei pazienti del nostro ambulatorio osservate tra gennaio e dicembre 2011.
Avevano un età compresa tra i 5 ed i 65 anni, con una prevalenza per il sesso femminile (50 contro 25 maschi). Sono state prese in considerazione 5 fasce d età: da 0-6 anni; 7-18 anni; 19-35 anni; 36-50 anni e > 50 anni. L età compresa fra i 36-50 anni è la più rappresentativa in conformità alle utenze del nostro ambulatorio che si occupa prevalentemente di adulti.
Il gruppo arruolato presentava all anamnesi oltre l asma conseguente all ingestione di alimenti rinite o orticaria allergica. Nel 43% dei casi vi era associata una rinite allergica nel 8% dei casi orticaria allergica mentre nel 15 % dei casi le due comorbilità coesistevano.
Nel gruppo arruolato l anamnesi di asma da alimenti è stata confermata con i test diagnostici allergologici a nostra disposizione: il prick test ed il dosaggio delle IgE specifche sieriche che ci hanno permesso di effettuare una distribuzione degli allergeni alimentari.
In particolar modo è possibile notare che il grano è l allergene più rappresentativo proprio perché il target d età dei nostri pazienti appartiene ad una fascia adulta in accordo con ciò che è evidente in letteratura.
Conclusioni: In questo studio i pazienti affetti da asma bronchiale da allergia alimentare sono prevalentemente di sesso femminile.
Il nostro gruppo presentava all anamnesi oltre l asma conseguente all ingestione di alimenti, rinite o orticaria allergica. Nel 43% dei casi vi era associata una rinite allergica nel 8% dei casi orticaria allergica mentre nel 15 % dei casi le due comorbilità coesistevano.
Nel gruppo arruolato l anamnesi di asma da alimenti è stata confermata con i test diagnostici allergologici a nostra disposizione: il prick test ed il dosaggio delle IgE specifiche sieriche.
Nei nostri pazienti il grano è l allergene più rappresentativo proprio perché il target d età dei nostri pazienti appartiene ad una fascia adulta in accordo con ciò che è evidente in letteratura.
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Hatzmann, Kathrin. "Intralymphatische allergen-spezifische Immuntherapie bei Hunden mit atopischer Dermatitis." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-134719.
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Marchica, Cinzia Loreta 1984. "Allergen-induced asthma is decreased in decorin-deficient mice." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116096.
Full textAbstract:
Decorin, is an extracellular matrix proteoglycan with important biological functions. Decorin deficiency affects collagen fibrillogenesis, airway mechanics, airway-parenchymal interdependence, and airway smooth muscle proliferation and apoptosis. We questioned whether decorin deficiency would alter allergen-induced asthma in a mouse model. Decorin-/- and decorin+/+ mice (C57Bl/6) were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Control animals received saline. Responsiveness was assessed at baseline and after delivery of increasing concentrations of methacholine. Histological analyses were also performed. Decorin deficiency resulted in more modest hyperresponsiveness. Respiratory resistance and elastance along with tissue damping and tissue elastance, were increased in ovalbumin decorin +/+ and decorin-/-, but more so in decorin+/+ . Airway resistance was increased in ovalbumin decorin+/+ only. Inflammation and collagen staining within the airway wall, were increased in ovalbumin decorin+/+ mice only; whereas biglycan was significantly increased in ovalbumin decorin-/- mice only. These results reflect the role of decorin in the development of allergen-induced asthma.
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Evans, David John. "Inflammatory mechanisms in late asthmatic responses to allergen challenge." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267694.
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Meenan, Nicola Ann Gillian. "Structure, folding and function of a nematode polyprotein allergen." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414137.
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Walshaw, M. J. "Allergen avoidance in house dust mite sensitive adult asthma." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354527.
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Hall, Gillian. "Approaches for the modulation of allergen-specific TH2 immunity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24666.
Full textAbstract:
The prevalence of allergic diseases, such as asthma, rhinitis, eczema and food allergies has increased dramatically over the last few decades and is now a major health and economic burden throughout the developed and developing worlds. Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses directed against innocuous environmental antigens, such as pollen, housedust mites or animal dander. It is the resulting release of pharmacological mediators by IgE-sensitised mast cells that cause the symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis. The induction of IgE is dependent on CD4+ T cells of the Th2 phenotype which are characterised by the production of specific cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13). In contrast, the presence of allergen reactive Thl cells, which secrete IFN-y, in nonallergic healthy individuals suggests that Thl immunity is not damaging to the host and is possibly associated with protective immunity. It is clear with the high incidence of atopic disorders combined with existing treatments, which are in general symptomatic, that there is a requirement for new therapeutic agents. Since CD4+ T cells play an important role in the response to allergens they are an obvious target for drug development and they can be targeted directly, with the aim of inducing specific tolerance. A second strategy for inhibiting the synthesis of Th2 cytokines may be achieved by promoting the induction of Thl immunity. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate these different approaches for the modulation of Th2 immunity to the major house dust mite allergen Der p 1. Tolerance induction or the promotion of Thl responses were attempted by intranasal delivery of antigen alone, by the systemic or mucosal delivery of Der p 1 in PLG polymer microparticles (MEA) and finally, by intranasal administration with chitosan, an enhancer of epithelial permeability. In order to investigate the efficacy of the regimens of vaccination, an adjuvant free model of Th2 cytokine-mediated allergic inflammation was developed in vivo in H-2b mice. Vaccination with microencapsulated antigen failed to elicit a Thl response or induce tolerance despite altering the kinetics, dose and method of delivery. In fact, the Th2 phenotype was usually exacerbated following administration of MEA/Der p 1 particles. Intranasal co-administration of antigen with chitosan inhibited Th2 cytokine production but not as a result of the tolerance induction. Similarly, high doses of soluble peptide delivered intranasally, failed to tolerise allergen-specific Th2 immunity. In conclusion, the redirection of the Th2 immune response and the induction of tolerance were difficult to achieve. However, chitosan which was not as extensively researched as the other approaches may prove to be of therapeutic value.