Journal articles on the topic 'Allendale Area (N S W )'
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Campagnolo, Marcelo, Ricardo Reis, Marcele Santos, Lúcia Kliemann, and Ricardo Savaris. "Which mode and potency of electrocoagulation yields the Smallest Unobstructed Area of the Fallopian Tubes?" Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 40, no. 06 (May 29, 2018): 332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656718.
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Objective To determine which mode and potency of electrocoagulation, using a modern electrosurgical generator, yields the smallest unobstructed area of the Fallopian tubes. Methods In an experimental study, tubes from 48 hysterectomies or tubal ligation were evaluated. Tubes were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: group A) 25 W x 5 seconds (n = 17); group B) 30 W x 5 seconds (n = 17); group C) 35 W x 5 seconds (n = 18), group D) 40 W x 5 seconds (n = 20); group E) 40 W x 5 seconds with visual inspection (blanch, swells, collapse) (n = 16); group F) 50 W x 5 seconds (n = 8). Bipolar electrocoagulation was performed in groups A to E, and monopolar electrocoagulation was performed in group F. Coagulation mode was used in all groups. Digital photomicrography of the transversal histological sections of the isthmic segment of the Fallopian tube were taken, and the median percentage of unobstructed luminal area (mm2) was measured with ImageJ software (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The Kruskal-Wallis test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Results Ninety-six Fallopian tube sections were analyzed. The smallest median occluded area (%; range) of the Fallopian tube was obtained in the group with 40 W with visual inspection (8.3%; 0.9–40%), followed by the groups 25 W (9.1%; 0–35.9%), 40 W (14.2; 0.9–43.2%), 30 W (14.2; 0.9–49.7%), 35 W (15.1; 3–46.4%) and 50 W (38.2; 3.1–51%). No statistically significant difference was found among groups (p = 0.09, Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusion The smallest unobstructed area was obtained with power setting at 40 W with visual inspection using a modern electrosurgical generator. However, no statistically significant difference in the unobstructed area was observed among the groups using these different modes and potencies.
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Soares, Louis. "Hecke Triangle Groups, Transfer Operators and Hausdorff Dimension." Annales Henri Poincaré 23, no. 4 (October 4, 2021): 1239–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00023-021-01117-1.
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AbstractWe consider the family of Hecke triangle groups $$ \Gamma _{w} = \langle S, T_w\rangle $$ Γ w = ⟨ S , T w ⟩ generated by the Möbius transformations $$ S : z\mapsto -1/z $$ S : z ↦ - 1 / z and $$ T_{w} : z \mapsto z+w $$ T w : z ↦ z + w with $$ w > 2.$$ w > 2 . In this case, the corresponding hyperbolic quotient $$ \Gamma _{w}\backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2 $$ Γ w \ H 2 is an infinite-area orbifold. Moreover, the limit set of $$ \Gamma _w $$ Γ w is a Cantor-like fractal whose Hausdorff dimension we denote by $$ \delta (w). $$ δ ( w ) . The first result of this paper asserts that the twisted Selberg zeta function $$ Z_{\Gamma _{ w}}(s, \rho ) $$ Z Γ w ( s , ρ ) , where $$ \rho : \Gamma _{w} \rightarrow \mathrm {U}(V) $$ ρ : Γ w → U ( V ) is an arbitrary finite-dimensional unitary representation, can be realized as the Fredholm determinant of a Mayer-type transfer operator. This result has a number of applications. We study the distribution of the zeros in the half-plane $$\mathrm {Re}(s) > \frac{1}{2}$$ Re ( s ) > 1 2 of the Selberg zeta function of a special family of subgroups $$( \Gamma _w^N )_{N\in {\mathbb {N}}} $$ ( Γ w N ) N ∈ N of $$\Gamma _w$$ Γ w . These zeros correspond to the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on the associated hyperbolic surfaces $$X_w^N = \Gamma _w^N \backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2$$ X w N = Γ w N \ H 2 . We show that the classical Selberg zeta function $$Z_{\Gamma _w}(s)$$ Z Γ w ( s ) can be approximated by determinants of finite matrices whose entries are explicitly given in terms of the Riemann zeta function. Moreover, we prove an asymptotic expansion for the Hausdorff dimension $$\delta (w)$$ δ ( w ) as $$w\rightarrow \infty $$ w → ∞ .
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Soares, Louis. "Hecke Triangle Groups, Transfer Operators and Hausdorff Dimension." Annales Henri Poincaré 23, no. 4 (October 4, 2021): 1239–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00023-021-01117-1.
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AbstractWe consider the family of Hecke triangle groups $$ \Gamma _{w} = \langle S, T_w\rangle $$ Γ w = ⟨ S , T w ⟩ generated by the Möbius transformations $$ S : z\mapsto -1/z $$ S : z ↦ - 1 / z and $$ T_{w} : z \mapsto z+w $$ T w : z ↦ z + w with $$ w > 2.$$ w > 2 . In this case, the corresponding hyperbolic quotient $$ \Gamma _{w}\backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2 $$ Γ w \ H 2 is an infinite-area orbifold. Moreover, the limit set of $$ \Gamma _w $$ Γ w is a Cantor-like fractal whose Hausdorff dimension we denote by $$ \delta (w). $$ δ ( w ) . The first result of this paper asserts that the twisted Selberg zeta function $$ Z_{\Gamma _{ w}}(s, \rho ) $$ Z Γ w ( s , ρ ) , where $$ \rho : \Gamma _{w} \rightarrow \mathrm {U}(V) $$ ρ : Γ w → U ( V ) is an arbitrary finite-dimensional unitary representation, can be realized as the Fredholm determinant of a Mayer-type transfer operator. This result has a number of applications. We study the distribution of the zeros in the half-plane $$\mathrm {Re}(s) > \frac{1}{2}$$ Re ( s ) > 1 2 of the Selberg zeta function of a special family of subgroups $$( \Gamma _w^N )_{N\in {\mathbb {N}}} $$ ( Γ w N ) N ∈ N of $$\Gamma _w$$ Γ w . These zeros correspond to the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on the associated hyperbolic surfaces $$X_w^N = \Gamma _w^N \backslash {\mathbb {H}}^2$$ X w N = Γ w N \ H 2 . We show that the classical Selberg zeta function $$Z_{\Gamma _w}(s)$$ Z Γ w ( s ) can be approximated by determinants of finite matrices whose entries are explicitly given in terms of the Riemann zeta function. Moreover, we prove an asymptotic expansion for the Hausdorff dimension $$\delta (w)$$ δ ( w ) as $$w\rightarrow \infty $$ w → ∞ .
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Vieira, Antonio José Dias, Dario Alves de Oliveira, Taís Cristina Bastos Soares, Ivan Schuster, Newton Deniz Piovesan, Carlos Alberto Martínez, Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros, and Maurílio Alves Moreira. "Use of the QTL approach to the study of soybean trait relationships in two populations of recombinant inbred lines at the F7 and F8 generations." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, no. 2 (June 2006): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202006000200004.
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This work aimed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with photosynthesis and growth and productivity traits of soybean and to study possible associations between these traits by the analysis of coincidence of QTL in linkage groups (LGs). Thus, populations of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the F7 and F8 generations derived from the cross between the varieties BARC-8 and Garimpo were used. The traits evaluated were net assimilation rate of CO2 under saturating light (Asat), potential photosynthesis rate (Pmax), leaf area (A), specific leaf area (SLA), specific leaf nitrogen (N); root (W R), nodule (W N), stem (W ST), leaf (W L), pod (W P) and plant dry mass (W T); nodule (nN), seed (n s), and pod number (nP); seed fresh mass per plant (W S), one-hundred seed fresh mass (W HS) and seed protein percentage (P%). It was possible to identify the following QTL associated with the following soybean traits: SLA, Asat, N, W R, W ST, W L, W T, W P, W HS, n s and nP, indicating that the RIL population has a great potential for mapping loci associated with quantitative traits of the soybean crop. The correlations between the soybean traits were partially confirmed by coincidence of QTL.
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Yang, X. B., and F. Feng. "Ranges and Diversity of Soybean Fungal Diseases in North America." Phytopathology® 91, no. 8 (August 2001): 769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.8.769.
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Introduced in 1765, soybean is the second largest crop in North America and is grown over a diverse agroecosystem that covers a geographic area of 2,300 km in north-south (N-S) and 2,400 km in east-west (E-W) directions (latitude 28°33 to 48°33′N, longitude 74°W to 103°02′W). The diversity and the distribution ranges of soybean fungal diseases in this agroecosystem were examined and several geographic patterns were identified. Disease diversity measured by the number of diseases per latitudinal breadth had a gradient that decreased as latitude increased. Diseases with ranges centered at higher latitudes had greater geographic ranges in the N-S direction. Disease diversity measured by number of diseases per longitudinal breadth decreased from E-W. Significant linear relationships between disease diversity and planting area were found. A region centered around the Delta Area (approximately 36 to 39°N and 88 to 91°W), which is a transition area of three rainfall regime regions of the continent and is an area of confluence of the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers, had the highest disease diversity in this agroecosystem.
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Zhao, Zi Qi, Li Guang Li, Hong Bo Wang, Xian Li Zhao, and Peng Jiang. "Characteristics of Land Surface Temperture (LST) within the Third Ring Road of Shenyang." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.913.
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Urban heat island (UHI) effect becomes hot spot in the field of urban climatology in the recent decades. Two sampling belts on the Landsat TM/ETM+ image across the center point of main urban area of shenyang were selected along the E-W and S-N directions in order to analyse the characteristics of UHI effect and discuss the relationships between LST and UHI source or sink. The results indicate that for the E-W direction sampling belt, the maximum and minimum LST values were 37.46 °Cand 33.44 °C in 2001 respectively, while those were 34.61 °C and 33.30 °C in 2010. For the S-N direction sampling belt, the corresponding values were 34.53 °C and 29.27 °C in 2001, 34.47 °C and 29.69 °C in 2010. LST fluctuated significantly in the E-W direction sampling belt in 2010 and the difference value was 4.01 °C, so was in the S-N direction sampling belt in 2010 and the difference value was 4.78 °C. LST of the grid was a positive correlation with LST of the UHI source area of grid in 2001 and 2010, so was with that of UHI sink area in 2001 and 2010. LST of grid was a positive correlation with UHI source area.
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Liu, Anhua, Demin Xu, Michael Henke, Yue Zhang, Yiming Li, Xingan Liu, and Tianlai Li. "Determination of the Optimal Orientation of Chinese Solar Greenhouses Using 3D Light Environment Simulations." Remote Sensing 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14040912.
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With the continuous use of resources, solar energy is expected to be the most used sustainable energy. To improve the solar energy efficiency in Chinese Solar Greenhouses (CSG), the effect of CSG orientation on intercepted solar radiation was systematically studied. By using a 3D CSG model and a detailed crop canopy model, the light environment within CSG was optimized. Taking the most widely used Liao-Shen type Chinese solar greenhouse (CSG-LS) as the prototype, the simulation was fully verified. The intercepted solar radiation of the maintenance structures and crops was used as the evaluation index. The results showed that the highest amount of solar radiation intercepted by the maintenance structures occurred in the CSG orientations of 4–6° south to west (S-W) in 36.8° N and 38° N areas, 8–10° S-W in 41.8° N areas, and 2–4° south to east (S-E) in 43.6° N areas. The solar radiation intercepted by the crop canopy displayed the highest value at an orientation of 2–4° S-W in 36.8° N, 38° N, 43.6° N areas, and 4–6° S-W in the 41.8° N area. Furthermore, the proposed model could provide scientific guidance for greenhouse crop modelling.
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Mitsuishi, Mayumi, Simon R. Wallis, Mutsuki Aoya, Jeffrey Lee, and Yu Wang. "E–W extension at 19Ma in the Kung Co area, S. Tibet: Evidence for contemporaneous E–W and N–S extension in the Himalayan orogen." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 325-326 (April 2012): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.013.
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Delplace, Franck. "An Analytic Form for Riemann Zeta Function at Integer Values." Journal of Mathematics Research 14, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v14n6p1.
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An original definition of the generalized Euler-Mascheroni constants allowed us to prove that their infinite sum converges to the number (1-Ln2) . By considering this number is the Lebesgue measure of a set defined as the difference between the area of the square unit and the area under the curve y=1/x 1≤x≤2 ; we introduced a partition of this set such that each Lebesgue measure of the subsets can be related to values of Riemann zeta function at integers. From this relationship, we proved that the Lambert W function can produce all ζ(s) values whatever is the parity of s . Finally, by considering that ζ(s) values allow calculation of the probability, for s integers chosen in an interval [1,n] n∈N , to be coprime; we proved that Lambert W function can describe prime numbers distribution.
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Tirkaamiana, M. Taufan, Lailan Syaufina, and Jumani Jumani. "Growth Analyses of Dipterocarpaceae Stand on Selective Cutting and Line Planting Silvicultural System with Different Planting Line Direction in North Kalimantan." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 13, no. 03 (December 29, 2022): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.13.03.266-273.
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The potency of the Indonesian Tropical Forest, particularly in Kalimantan, has been shrinkage year by year. Selective Cutting and Line Planting System (SCLP) is expected to increase the productivity of the tropical forest. This study aims to analyze the growth and diameter increment of Dipterocarpaceae stand planted in West-East (W-E) and North-South (N-S) planting direction on SCLP at concession area of PT. Intracawood Manufacturing, Bulungan District, North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Growth and diameter increment data of Dipterocarpaceae was obtained by field measurement in 4 (four) permanent plots sized 100 m x 100 m with W-E and N-S directions. The study revealed that the largest growth and average diameter increment on a five-year-old stand is Shorea parvifolia with planting direction of W-E about 8,5 cm and 1,92 cm/yr. In contrast, the smallest is Dryobalanops lanceolata with N-S planting direction about 4,6 cm and 0,99 cm/yr. Planting line direction does not influence diameter increment. It is due to the stand position in the spacing line as an ex-cutting area or the right and left-hand sides of the planting line with low density and low average stand height (17,62 m). Therefore, the light intensity on the N-S planting line direction has no barrier of spacing line stand.
Keywords: Increment, Light Intensity, Planting Line Direction
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Хвостиков, В. П., С. В. Сорокина, Н. С. Потапович, О. А. Хвостикова, Н. Х. Тимошина, and М. З. Шварц. "Модификация фотоэлектрических преобразователей лазерного излучения (lambda=808 нм), получaемых методом жидкофазной эпитаксии." Физика и техника полупроводников 52, no. 3 (2018): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2018.03.45626.8740.
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AbstractLaser-power converters for the wavelength λ = 808 nm are fabricated by liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) on the basis of n -Al_0.07GaAs– p -Al_0.07GaAs– p -Al_0.25GaAs single-junction heterostructures. The converters are tested with uniform (pulse simulator) and partly nonuniform (laser beam) illumination distribution over the photoreceiving surface. In the former case, a monochromatic efficiency of η = 53.1% is achieved for samples with an area of S = 4 cm^2 at a power of 1.2 W. At S = 10.2 mm^2 the efficiency is 58.3% at a laser power of 0.7 W.
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Okpoli, Cyril, and Adedibu Akingboye. "Reconstruction and appraisal of Akunu–Akoko area iron ore deposits using geological and magnetic approaches." Materials and Geoenvironment 63, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rmzmag-2016-0003.
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AbstractGeological mapping and magnetic methods were applied for the exploration of iron ore deposits in the Akunu–Akoko area of Southwestern Nigeria for the purpose of evaluating their geological characteristics and resource potentials. A proton magnetometer measures the vertical, horizontal and total magnetic intensities in gammas. The subsurface geology was interpreted qualitatively and quantitatively. The downward continuations and second vertical derivatives, the small-sized mineralised bodies and shallow features in the study area were mapped. The faults are trending in the following directions: NE–SW, NW–SE, N–S and E–W groups, while the iron ore mineralisation is structurally controlled by two major groups of fault trends, namely, the NE–SW and NW–SE; the N–S and E–W groups are mere occurrences that do not contribute to the structural control of the iron ore mineralisation in Akunu.The upward continuation has a linear feature similar to the principal orientation of the regional faults, while Locations 2 and 3 have relatively high magnetic susceptibility zones; suspected to be iron ore deposits. The depths to the magnetic sources ranged from 25 m to about 250 m.
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Yasuda, Nobuo, Elisa I. Glover, Stuart M. Phillips, Robert J. Isfort, and Mark A. Tarnopolsky. "Sex-based differences in skeletal muscle function and morphology with short-term limb immobilization." Journal of Applied Physiology 99, no. 3 (September 2005): 1085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00247.2005.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-term (14-day) unilateral leg immobilization using a simple knee brace (60° flexion)- or crutch-mediated model on muscle function and morphology in men (M, n = 13) and women (W, n = 14). Isometric and isokinetic (concentric-slow, 0.52 rad/s and fast, 5.24 rad/s) knee extensor peak torque was determined at three time points (Pre, Day-2, and Day-14). At the same time points, magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning was used to calculate leg lean mass. Muscle biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis at Pre and Day-14 for myosin ATPase and myosin heavy chain analysis. Women showed greater decreases (Pre vs. Day-14) compared with men in specific strength (N/cm2) for isometric [M = 3.1 ± 13.3, W = 17.1 ± 15.9%; P = 0.055 (mean ± SD)] and concentric-slow (M = 4.7 ± 11.3, W = 16.6 ± 18.4%; P < 0.05) contractions. There were no immobilization-induced sex-specific differences in the decrease in quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area (M = 5.7 ± 5.0, W = 5.9 ± 5.2%) or leg lean mass (M = 3.7 ± 4.2, W = 2.7 ± 2.8%). There were no fiber-type transformations, and the decreases in type I (M = 4.8 ± 5.0, W = 5.9 ± 3.4%), IIa (M = 7.9 ± 9.9, W = 8.8 ± 8.0%), and IIx (M = 10.7 ± 10.8, W = 10.8 ± 12.1%) fiber areas were similar between sexes. These findings indicate that immobilization-induced loss of knee extensor muscle strength is greater in women compared with men despite a similar extent of atrophy at the myofiber and whole muscle levels after 14 days of unilateral leg immobilization. Furthermore, we have described an effective and safe knee immobilization method that results in reductions in quadriceps muscle strength and size.
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Maldera, Francesco, Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi, Ignasi Iglesias-Castellarnau, and Salvatore Camposeo. "Row Orientation and Canopy Position Affect Bud Differentiation, Leaf Area Index and Some Agronomical Traits of a Super High-Density Almond Orchard." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020251.
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Super-high density (SHD) is the latest innovation in almond growing. This new cropping system needs to be studied in different climates, soils, latitudes and cultivars in order to promote more efficient and sustainable orchard management. This study shows the effects of two row orientations and different canopy positions on leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and biological, phenological and agronomical parameters of a SHD almond orchard. Total bud number and flower bud number were higher for N-S row orientation and more wood buds were detected in top layers. LAI was strongly influenced by layer, but not by row orientation. Row orientation did not affect blooming or ripening phenology. Fruit number per layer was higher for North–South (N-S) row orientation and in middle layers; fruit set showed the opposite trend to flower bud and fruit numbers, achieving higher values for East–West (E-W) row orientation. Hulled fruit yield was not affected by row orientation but by canopy height. N-S oriented rows showed a greater number of empty nuts than E-W, but no differences were found between layers. We concluded that in SHD almond orchards, row orientation is determinant for sustainable crop management.
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Kokinou, E., H. D. Skilodimou, and G. D. Bathrellos. "Morphotectonic analysis of Heraklion Basin (Crete, Greece)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10950.
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In the present study, geomorphological, geological data and morphotectonic analysis were combined in order to investigate the relation between the tectonic activity and the geomorphology in the Heraklion basin (Crete). GIS techniques were used for mapping the various topographic, geological and tectonic features of the study area. The digital elevation model (DEΜ) of the study area was created. The slope angle and aspect maps were derived from DEM and combined with fault system orientation. The influence of tectonism on the development of drainage system was examined by the comparison of fault and stream directions. Moreover, geomorphic indices are useful tools in evaluating tectonic activity, relating the sensitivity to rock resistance, climatic change and tectonic processes with the production of a certain landscape. The applied geomorphic indices, in the present study, are the mountain front sinuosity index (Smf) and the valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf). The fault zones of the study area are generally oriented N-S, NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W. According to the morphological analysis, steep slopes and sudden changes corresponding to the azimuth of the slope direction, are mainly related to N-S, NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE oriented faulting. The main channel directions of the drainage system are mainly controlled by faults striking N-S. The E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE general trending fault systems affect the low order streams. The Smf and Vf values are low, implying that the tectonic activity influences the morphology of the study area. The above methodology was proved successful to examine the impact of the tectonic activity in the study area.
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Lu, Wenjing, Lina Hao, and Yawei Wang. "Highly active N, S Co-Doped Ultramicroporous Carbon for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (June 7, 2022): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060905.
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N, S-doped ultramicroporous carbons (NSUC-x) with a high nitrogen/sulfur content and a narrow pore-size distribution of around 0.55 nm were firstly prepared using L-cysteine as a nitrogen and sulfur source. The phase, graphitization degree, morphology, specific surface area, pore structure and surface condition of NSUC-x are investigated to analyze the key role in electrochemical performance. Such an ultramicroporous structure and N, S doping not merely provide a high-specific surface area and a suitable pore size, but also induce a good wettability for the fast transport and adsorption of electrolyte ions. Due to the above strategies, the typical NSUC-0.4 exhibits a high gravimetric capacitance of 339 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 as well as a capacity retention of 91.6% after 10,000 cycles in a three-electrode system using a 6 M KOH electrolyte. More attractively, a NSUC-0.4-assembled symmetrical supercapacitor delivers an energy output of 7.4 Wh kg−1 at 100 W kg−1 in 6 M KOH as well as a capacity retention of 92.4% after 10,000 cycles, indicating its practical application prospect. Our findings open up new prospects for the design and electrochemical application of N, S-doped ultramicroporous carbons.
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Fan, Ruyue, Shijie Lv, Yong Ding, and Qingfeng Li. "Interactive Effects of Soil Water, Nutrients and Clonal Fragmentation on Root Growth of Xerophilic Plant Stipa breviflora." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122112.
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Root traits are often used to predict the ecological adaptations of plants. Water and nutrient availability together with fragment size are likely to affect the adaptative capacity of Stipa breviflora and help plants spread and explore new sites, while the effects of water, nutrients and fragment size on S. breviflora’s root traits have rarely been studied in combination. Here, a standard Taguchi L8(27) array design was conducted with four single factors, water (W), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and fragment size (C), and three interactions (N × P, N × W and P × W). Each of the four factors had two levels (1 = low level and 2 = high level). This study found that water was the most important contributor influencing S. breviflora root growth, followed by N and P, respectively. W2 and P2 additions both promoted root growth, whereas N2 addition significantly inhibited root growth. Though C2 had higher values of total root length, surface area, volume, number of tips and biomass than C1, its root growth rate was lower than C1, and its small size fragment had a higher capacity of root growth under low N addition. These findings suggest that clonal fragmentation may enhance the adaptation of S. breviflora in low nitrogen habitats, and that nitrogen is one of the limiting factors influencing their growth and distribution.
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Ahnaf, Jemi Saputra, Aton Patonah, Haryadi Permana, and Ismawan Ismawan. "Structure and Tectonic Reconstruction of Bayah Complex Area, Banten." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2018.3.2.1554.
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The research aimed to reconstruct the geological structures and tectonics of the Bayah complex area. The structures found that grouped into regional structural patterns used to determine the ages and the events that responsible to its formation. The methods used in this research include field and studio method. Field method carried out to map the outcrops and record geological structures data using geological compass, GPS, tape measurement, and geological hammer, while studio method performed to process and analyze data using software such as Win Tensor, Dips, MapInfo Professional 10.5 and CorelDraw X4. The geological structure of the Bayah has varying patterns and ages. The fracture patterns show N-S and E-W direction which is belong to Sundanese and Java Pattern formed in range of the Early Eocene to Pliocene. While the faults that have direction of SW-NE and E-W are classified into Meratus and Java Pattern. However, metamorphic rock foliations show NW-SE and N-S direction that belonging to the Pre-Tertiary Sumatra Pattern. The three faults of this research are estimated to be formed by the effect of orogenesis that occurring in different events and ages. JSA-014 fault is predicted to form due to orogeny I or orogeny II in the Early Oligocene - Middle Miocene, this fault classified as the 2nd order right lateral wrench fault. JSA-034 fault is formed by orogeny I in Early Oligocene - Middle Miocene, this fault is also classified as the 2nd order right lateral wrench fault. While JSA-080 fault has relatively young age that formed due to orogeny III in the Middle Miocene - Pliocene and belonging to the 3rd order left lateral wrench fault.
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Constantin, Joël, Pierre Vergély, and Justo Cabrera. "Tectonic evolution and related fracturing in the Causses Basin (Aveyron, France) : the Tournemire area example." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.3.229.
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Abstract The Institute for Nuclear Safety and Protection (IPSN) launched the « Tournemire » program, in 1988. One of its aims is to understand and characterize the fluid transfer processes in argillaceous rocks. They are interesting rocks for the long-term storage of nuclear waste. To this purpose, the IPSN installed an experimental site in a tunnel, which gives access to a 250 m-thick Toarcian and Domerian shale unit near Tournemire (Aveyron, France) (fig. 1). The fluids, in this type of rock with very low intrinsic permeability, 10−14 m/s [Boisson et al., 1998], used to flow (calcite crystallizations in fractures), and still flow, principally in the fractures [Barbreau et Boisson, 1993 ; Boisson, 1995] formed during the tectonic history of the formation. In order to constrain the history of fluid flow in the formation, it was necessary to characterize the tectonic fracturing and to identify the tectonic events responsible, on the one hand, for the apparition of the fractures and, on the other hand, for their eventual reactivation. The method used was a microtectonic and kinematic analysis. The studied area belongs to the western border of the Causses basin, a Permian-Mesozoic basin trending N-S. The slightly monoclinal series in this area range from the Trias, discordant westward on the Permian formations of the St-Affrique basin, to the lower Kimmerigian locally present on the Larzac plateau (fig. 1). The upper Liassic shales (Domerian, Toarcian) are between two limestone and dolomite formations. Two major (regional-scale) ESE-WNW reverse faults, the Cernon fault and the St-Jean-d’Alcapies fault, cross the area. Their offsets may reach several hundred meters. These two faults limit an ESE-WNW trending block where the experimental site is located. The tectonic fractures in the area result from two main tectonic phases. Phase 1, extensional, occurred during the Mesozoic and comprises three episodes (fig. 2). The first episode, characterised by an E-W extension (fig. 3), did not produce significant structures in the Toarcian shales. The second episode, with a NW-SE extension direction (fig. 4 and fig. 5), occurred during the diagenesis of the shales. It led to the development of calcareous nodules. These nodules are considered to be « mode I » fractures formed in association with fluid expulsion during the sediment compaction (fig. 4). The last episode has a N-S direction, (fig. 7) and is probably late Jurassic in age [Macquar, 1973 ; Blès et al., 1989 ; Martin et Bergerat, 1996]. It produced E-W conjugate normal faults (fig. 6) and two perpendicular sets of extensional joints trending E-W and N-S. The second major tectonic phase corresponds to the « pyrenean » compression. The σ1 directions vary from NE-SW to NW-SE, with two major pulses striking N020-N030 and N160-N170 (fig. 2, fig. 9 and fig. 10). The N020-N030 direction corresponds to the paroxysm of the « pyrenean » phase, dated as late Middle Eocene [Arthaud et Laurent., 1995]. It reactivated major faults and formed associated folds (fig. 8). Numerous fractures due to the N160-170 compressional event are concentrated principally in the center of the block bordered by the ESE-WNW major faults (fig. 2). Chronological criteria indicate that the direction of compression rotated counter-clockwise during the « pyrenean » compressional phase (fig. 11). A third compression direction (N130) has been evidenced, for example, by N030 trending tension gashes cross-cut by N130 trending gashes (fig. 12). The significance of this last tectonic event is unclear. It is mainly observed in the west drift of the experimental site (fig. 1C), and could result of the re-orientation of the stresses at this site close to an important shear zone. Three sets of joints, trending N020, N160 and N090 (fig. 13 and fig. 14) have been recognized. The joints are classically extensional fractures that propagate perpendicular to the minimum principal stress σ3 [Endelger, 1985 ; Pollard et Aydin, 1988 ; Rives, 1992]. In strike-slip regimes, such fractures strike parallel to the maximum principal stress σ1. The average N020, N160 and N090 joints thus very probably are created respectively during the N020 pyrenean strike-slip event, N160 strike-slip event and N-S Mesozoic extension. The established chronology between the different compressional episodes involves the reactivation of the N020 and N160 fractures may have caused only senestral strike slip. However, the presence of dextral strike slip on some vertical planes trending N-S, not associated with conjugate planes but with E-W vertical planes indicates their origin is not related to the « Pyrenean » phase. Consequently, we assumed that a set of N-S joints created during the extensive phase, in the same time as the E-W joints. An elasticity theory model gives an account of field observations on this type of fractures. The model proposed by Caputo [1995] describes the geometry of networks, of joints as a function of the tectonic regime (fig. 15). Two coeval sets of joints form under the same tectonic event. For an extensive stress state, the two sets are orthogonal to each other. Under strike slip regimes, two orthogonal sets form but one of the two sets forms horizontally (parallel to the bedding planes when the stratification is horizontal). The mechanism involves a stress permutation between σ3 and σ2 in the vicinity of the first fracture zone at the moment of failure. The network of orthogonal joints (N-S and E-W) appeared under the N-S extensive event. We show two sets of joints with the same orientation formed at two different ages (fig. 16). Their differentiation was possible with the chronology of the deformation, which was determined by the microtectonic analysis. The pre-existing fractures, originated before the « pyrenean » phase, necessarily influenced the expression and the distribution of the fractures associated with the « pyrenean » phase. These pre-existing fractures must be taken into account to understand and constrain the fluid circulations in the Toarcian shales.
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Brenes, Carlos, Daniel Ballestero, Rosario Benavides, Juan Pablo Salazar, and Gustavo Murillo. "Variations in the geostrophic circulation pattern and thermohaline structure in the Southeast Central American Pacific." Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i1.23421.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This study was conducted in the southeast region of the Central American Pacific, an area of great oceanographic importance due to the presence of various upwelling phenomena and the direct influence of the ENSO on its waters. Its main objective was to contribute to the knowledge of the main factors that modulate the regional dynamics. We describe the geostrophic circulation and thermohaline features along two transects obtained in October 2010 and March 2011, one from Costa Rica at (84°54’ W - 9°37’ N) to the SW of Cocos Island at (88°19’ W - 3°06’ N), and the second oriented zonally across the island from (88°14’ W - 5°33’ N) to (84°33’ W - 5°33’ N). Surface temperatures ranged from 27°C to 29°C and a near isothermal layer, with an average thickness of 40 m, was apparent above the thermocline centered at 60 m. Surface salinities were between 32 and 32.8, typical values of the Tropical Surface Water. In both years, Cocos Island was located in a region of low surface salinities (~32). The salty core of the Subtropical Subsurface Water (~35) was located at an average depth of 150m. In October the circulation between Cocos Island and the continent was dominated by the presence of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), with speeds above 40 cm s<sup>-1 </sup>in the upper 50 m of the water column. No flow to the northwest near the coast that could be associated with the Costa Rica Coastal Current (CRCC) in October was observed. The Cocos Island was located in the center of a 150 m deep, 100 km diameter anticyclonic eddy, with surface speeds of 10 cm s<sup>-1</sup>and 20 cm s<sup>-1</sup>. In March the study area was again dominated by an anticyclonic cell, with eastward flow between 50 cm s<sup>-1</sup> and 60 cm s<sup>-1</sup> located between 200 km north and 100 km south of the island. The southern end of this cell, with velocities between 10 cm s<sup>-1 </sup>and 50 cm s<sup>-1</sup> to the northwest, was located 200 km south of Cocos Island. A flow to the NW near the edge of the continental shelf, consistent with the CRCC, was observed in May. Our study contributes to document the oceanography of the eastern end of the Equatorial Current System near the coast of Central America, where regional forcing modifies the zonal flow which prevails west of the study area.</p><div> </div>
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Yang, Chengwei, Chenghu Wang, Mingruo Jiao, Yujiang Li, and Pu Wang. "Multisource stress data constraints on Cretaceous—present regional tectonic stress field evolution in the southern Jinzhou area, North China Craton." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 18, no. 6 (December 2021): 1007–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxab068.
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Abstract Regional tectonic stress fields are key crustal stress elements that drive tectonic movements and are associated with regional tectonics and geological resources. Regional tectonic stress field evolution of the Jinzhou area, located in the eastern block of the North China Craton (NCC), may provide a deeper understanding of tectonics of western Liaoning and the NCC. This work conducted borehole television, hydraulic fracturing and focal mechanism solutions to invert the paleo and present regional tectonic stress fields. Four groups of tensile fracture in the southern Jinzhou area were identified via borehole television, and their azimuths were NNW–SSE, NWW–SEE, nearly W–E and NE–SW in temporal order representing four stages of extensional tectonic events. Hydraulic fracturing and focal mechanism solutions showed that the stress status was normal fault and strike-slip, revealing that the southern Jinzhou area is undergoing NEE–SWW-oriented compression and nearly N–S-oriented extension in accordance with the strike-slip mechanism. From the Early Cretaceous to the present, the direction of the regional extensional stress in the southern Jinzhou area has evolved counterclockwise and sequentially from NNW–SSE to NWW–SEE, W–E, NE–SW and nearly N–S, and the regional tectonic mechanism has transited from extension to extension-strike-slip to strike-slip, leading to the current tectonic framework.
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Daneri, G., P. Montero, L. Lizárraga, R. Torres, J. L. Iriarte, B. Jacob, H. E. González, and F. J. Tapia. "Primary Productivity and heterotrophic activity in an enclosed marine area of central Patagonia (Puyuhuapi channel; 44° S, 73° W)." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 5 (May 25, 2012): 5929–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-5929-2012.
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Abstract. We assessed temporal variability in phytoplankton biomass, Chlorophyll a, nutrient availability, Gross Primary Production (GPP), community respiration (CR), and bacterial secondary production (BSP) over a year of monthly observations (October 2007 to October 2008) at a fixed station in the Puyuhuapi fjord, Chilean Patagonia (44° S, 73° W). A set of in situ observations gathered over two consecutive spring-summer seasons, and one autumn-winter season in the middle, has made it possible to connect the two-phase (i.e. productive season/non-productive season) pattern of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) variability shown by satellite data with a two-phase cycle in GPP, CR, and the composition of phytoplankton assemblages. Estimates of annual GPP and CR, integrated over the top 20 meters of the water column, were 533 and 537 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively. Low values of pCO2 were measured in mixed layer autotrophic waters (GPP/CR > 1) while high pCO2 levels were measured in mixed layer heterotrophic waters (GPP/CR < 1). Bacterial Secondary Production (BSP) was significantly and positively correlated with GPP (r = 0.6, p < 0.05, n = 24) and Chl a (r = 0.4, p < 0.05, n = 24) on an annual cycle basis. The winter drop in bacterioplankton (both bacteria and archea) activity (from 0.9 ± 0.6 g C m−2 d−1 to 0.6 ± 0.3 g C m−2 d−1) was not as pronounced as the winter drop in phytoplankton activity (from 1.1 ± 1.12 g C m−2 d−1 to 0.1 ± 0.09 g C m−2 d−1). It is hypothesized that dissolved organic matter (DOM) of terrestrial origin plays an important role (especially in winter) supporting bacterial activity in the Puyuhuapi fjord.
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Melo, C. L. C., R. A. Santos, M. Bassoi, A. C. Araújo, J. Lailson-Brito, P. R. Dorneles, and A. F. Azevedo. "Feeding habits of delphinids (Mammalia: Cetacea) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, no. 8 (February 12, 2010): 1509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409991639.
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Stomach content analyses were performed in 28 dolphins stranded between 1994 and 2007 on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro State (23°06′S 44°18′W/22°14′S 41°54′W), Brazil, comprising six delphinid species: Stenella frontalis (N = 10), Steno bredanensis (N = 7), Tursiops truncatus (N = 4), Delphinus delphis (N = 5), Lagenodelphis hosei (N = 1) and Stenella coeruleoalba (N = 1). Fish otoliths and cephalopod beaks were used to identify the prey species and to estimate the original length and weight. Seven different cephalopod species from six families and 15 fish species belonging to 10 families were identified. Although the fish contribution could be underestimated, cephalopods constituted the group of higher importance, revealing that these invertebrates may represent an important source of energy for delphinids in the region. In this context, the squid Loligo plei should be highlighted due to its important contribution. Most preys were coastal and demersal, and such consumption could indicate coastal foraging habits of the quoted dolphin species. Although dolphins consumed many species of prey in common, they fed on different size-classes of prey. The foraging area of the dolphins could be the same region used by fishing operations, which would represent a risk for incidental capture.
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Chatzigiannis, G., and Th Kavouridis. "The geothermal occurrence of Kapistri, Ierapetra area, Crete." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 4 (December 21, 2016): 1914. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10947.
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The geothermal occurence is located close to the Kapistri village, Ierapetra town, prefecture of Lassithi. In some water wells temperature of about 25oC in a depth of 100 - 150 m below surface, were measured. The calculated geothermal gradient is thus double in size compared to normal gradient.The geological environment is composed of platy limestones of the autochthonous series of Crete on which units of phyllite – quartzite series as well as Pindos and Tripoli zones are overthrusted. Granite intrusion occurs in the carbonates with distinct contact metamorphism, in the Kapistri area. Intense tectonic activity is observed in the wider area of the Ierapetra graben with main fault direction N – S, E –W, NW – SE, and NE – SW.The elevated geothermal gradient, the intense faulting of the area and the existence of deep circulated water indicates the development of a deeper geothermal field.
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Braga-Miranda, Lourdislene Costa, Marcos Miranda, and Eunice A. Bianchi Galati. "Phlebotomine fauna in a rural area of the Brazilian Pantanal." Revista de Saúde Pública 40, no. 2 (April 2006): 324–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102006000200021.
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The aim of the study was to identify among the phlebotomine fauna potential leishmaniasis vectors. The study was carried out in Corumbá county, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mid-West Brazil (18º59'S, 56º39'W). Sand fly captures were undertaken fortnightly with automatic light traps at 11 sites in forested environments and anthropic areas from April 2001 to July 2003. A total of only 41 specimens were captured. Thirty-one percent of the specimens were captured in forests and 68.3% in anthropic areas. The predominance of non-anthropophilic groups and the low density of N. whitmani, a known cutaneous leishmaniasis vector, does not seem to indicate any actual risk of the transmission of this disease in the study area.
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GARRISON, ROSSER W., and NATALIA VON ELLENRIEDER. "New species of the damselfly genus Argia from Mexico, Central America and Ecuador with an emphasis on Costa Rica (Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae)." Zootaxa 4235, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4235.1.1.
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Seven new species of Argia are described, five of which occur in Costa Rica: Argia calverti n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, Cartago Prov., Tapantí Reserve, 1,310 m, 6 vii 1963, F. G. Thompson leg., in FSCA); Argia carolus n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, San José Prov., El Rodeo Biological Reserve, 7 km W of Villa Colón, 9°54' N, 84°16' W, 561 m, 10–13 vii 1990, T. W. Donnelly leg., in FSCA); Argia elongata n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, Cartago Prov., Reventazón river, SE of Turrialba by highway 10, 9°52'56'' N, 83°38'49'' W, 561 m, 10 viii 1979, R. W. & J. A. Garrison leg., in CSCA); Argia haberi n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, San José Prov., Bosque del Tolomuco, km 118 on Pan American highway, in seeps and trickles through brushy pasture on forested hillside, 9°28'18'' N, 83°41'48'' W, 1,710 m, 27 iii 2006, F. Sibley leg., in FSCA); Argia schorri n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, Puntarenas Prov., 2.8 mi E of Golfito, 8°39' N, 83°7' W, 35 m, 4 vii 1967, O. S. Flint, Jr. & M. A. Ortiz B. leg., in USNM), and two which are so far only known from Mexico and Ecuador respectively: Argia rudolphi n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Mexico, Puebla State, Zihuateutla, Sierra de Huauchinango, La Unión, in drainage area, 20°14'25'' N, 97°53'38'' W, 596 m, 21 v 1987, R. Novelo & A. Gómez leg., in CSCA) and Argia schneideri n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Ecuador, Napo Prov., Las Palmas, on Anzu river in Napo river watershed, 11 xii 1936, W. Clark-MacIntyre leg., in UMMZ). All the new species, as well as closely related species needed for diagnosis including A. anceps Garrison, A. cupraurea Calvert, A. cuprea (Hagen), A. extranea (Hagen), A. fissa Selys, A. fulgida Navás, A. oenea Hagen in Selys, A. popoluca Calvert, A. rhoadsi Calvert, and A. westfalli Garrison, are illustrated and diagnosed from their congeners and their known distribution areas are mapped.
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Ma, Caihong, Zheng Niu, Yan Ma, Fu Chen, Jin Yang, and Jianbo Liu. "Assessing the Distribution of Heavy Industrial Heat Sources in India between 2012 and 2018." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120568.
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The heavy industry in India has witnessed rapid development in the past decades. This has increased the pressures and load on the Indian environment, and has also had a great impact on the world economy. In this study, the Preparatory Project Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer (NPP VIIRS) 375-m active fire product (VNP14IMG) and night-time light (NTL) data were used to study the spatiotemporal patterns of heavy industrial development in India. We employed an improved adaptive K-means algorithm to realize the spatial segmentation of long-term VNP14IMG data and artificial heat-source objects. Next, the initial heavy industry heat sources were distinguished from normal heat sources using a threshold recognition model. Finally, the maximum night-time light data were used to delineate the final heavy industry heat sources. The results suggest, that this modified method is a much more accurate and effective way of monitoring heavy industrial heat sources, and the accuracy of this detection model was higher than 92.7%. The number of main findings were concluded from the study: (1) the heavy industry heat sources are mainly concentrated in the north-east Assam state, east-central Jharkhand state, north Chhattisgarh and Odisha states, and the coastal areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra. Many heavy industrial heat sources were also found around a line from Kolkata on the Eastern Indian Ocean to Mumbai on the Western Indian Ocean. (2) The number of working heavy industry heat sources (NWH) and, particularly, the total number of fire hotspots for each working heavy industry heat source area (NFHWH) are continuing to increase in India. These trends mirror those for the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and total population of India between 2012 and 2017. (3) The largest values of NWH and NFHWH were in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha whereas the smallest negative values, the S l o p e _ N W H in Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh were also the two largest values in the whole country. The smallest negative values of S l o p e _ N W H and S l o p e _ N F H W H were in Haryana. The S l o p e _ N F H W H in the mainland Gujarat had the second most negative value, while the value of the S l o p e _ N W H was the third-highest positive value.
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Harden, B. E., I. A. Renfrew, and G. N. Petersen. "A Climatology of Wintertime Barrier Winds off Southeast Greenland." Journal of Climate 24, no. 17 (September 2011): 4701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4113.1.
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A climatology of barrier winds along the southeastern coast of Greenland is presented based on 20 yr of winter months (1989–2008) from the ECMWF Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim). Barrier wind events occur predominantly at two locations: Denmark Strait North (DSN; 67.7°N, 25.3°W) and Denmark Strait South (DSS; 64.9°N, 35.9°W). Events stronger than 20 m s−1 occur on average once per week during winter with considerable interannual variability—from 7 to 20 events per winter. The monthly frequency of barrier wind events correlates with the monthly North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) index with a correlation coefficient of 0.57 (0.31) at DSN (DSS). The associated total turbulent heat fluxes for barrier wind events (area averaged) were typically about 200 W m−2 with peak values of 400 W m−2 common in smaller regions. Area-averaged surface stresses were typically between 0.5 and 1 N m−2. Total precipitation rates were larger at DSS than DSN, both typically less than 1 mm h−1. The total turbulent heat fluxes were shown to have a large range as a result of a large range in 2-m air temperature. Two classes of barrier winds—warm and cold—were investigated and found to develop in different synoptic-scale situations. Warm barrier winds developed when there was a blocking high pressure over the Nordic seas, while cold barrier winds owed their presence to a train of cyclones channeling through the region.
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NEBOT, MARINA, and JOAN GUIMERÀ. "Kinematic evolution of a fold-and-thrust belt developed during basin inversion: the Mesozoic Maestrat basin, E Iberian Chain." Geological Magazine 155, no. 3 (October 4, 2016): 630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681600090x.
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AbstractThe Maestrat basin was one of the most subsident basins of the Mesozoic Iberian Rift system, developed by a normal fault system which divided it into sub-basins. Its Cenozoic inversion generated the N-verging Portalrubio–Vandellòs fold-and-thrust belt in its northern margin, detached in the Triassic evaporites. In the hinterland, a 40 km wide uplifted area, in the N–S direction, developed, bounded to the N by the E–W-trending, N-verging Calders monocline. This monocline is interpreted as a fault-bend fold over the ramp to flat transition of the E–W-trending, N-verging Maestrat Basement Thrust, and also indicates the transition from a thick-skinned (S) to a thin-skinned (N) style of deformation. This paper presents a kinematic evolutionary model for the northern margin of the basin and a reconstruction of the Maestrat Basement Thrust geometry, generated by the inversion of the Mesozoic normal fault system. It contains a low-dip ramp (9°) extended southwards more than 40 km, attaining a depth of 7.5 km. As this thrust reached the Mesozoic cover to the foreland, it propagated across the Middle Muschelkalk evaporitic detachment, generating a nearly horizontal thrust which transported northwards the supra-salt cover, and the normal fault segments within it, for c. 11–13 km. The displacement of the basement in the hanging-wall of the low-dip basement ramp generated the 40 km wide uplifted area, while the superficial shortening was accumulated in the northern margin of the basin – which contains the thinnest Mesozoic cover – developing the Portalrubio–Vandellòs fold-and-thrust belt.
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Trivedi, Varsha, and Sanjay Vaghela. "Avifauna of Saurashtra University Campus, Rajkot, Gujarat, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 13 (September 26, 2020): 16764–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5113.12.13.16764-16774.
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We examined the avifauna of Saurashtra University Campus (SUC), Rajkot, Gujarat from July to December 2017. The study area was divided into four sections: North (N), East (E), South (S) and West (W) and surveyed over 18 visits (four line transects/visit). We recorded a total of 82 bird species from 67 genera, 40 families and 16 orders. Of these 57 species were terrestrial and 25 aquatic. By population size the most abundant birds were members of Columbidae (28%), Sturnidae (13%), and Charadridae (8%). Seventy per cent of birds observed (n=7665) were classed as very common and 2% (n=261) as very rare. Species density (S/N = 3.39) and population density (n/N = 196) were at their maximum in December. Ecological indices on temporal base reveal high species richness and Simpson diversity (1/D =17.0 and 1-D= 0.942) in August and November and Shannon diversity was high (H’=3.275) in November during study period.
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Nouri, Reza, Mohammadreza Jafari, Mehran Arian, Faranak Feizi, and Peyman Afzal. "PROSPECTION FOR COPPER MINERALIZATION WITH CONTRIBUTION OF REMOTE SENSING, GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGRAPHICAL DATA IN ABHAR 1:100,000 SHEET, NW IRAN / POSZUKIWANIA ZASOBÓW RUD MIEDZI Z ZASTOSOWANIEM ZDALNYCH TECHNIK WYKORZYSTUJĄCYCH DANE GEOCHEMICZNE I MINERALOGICZNE W POKŁADZIE GEOLOGICZNYM ABHAR 1:100,000 W PÓŁNOCNO-ZACHODNIM IRANIE." Archives of Mining Sciences 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 1071–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0074.
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Abstract Abhar 1:100,000 sheet is located within the Cenozoic Tarom volcano-plutonic belt, NW Iran. The present study is based on the integration of remote sensing techniques on Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), geochemical data analysis consisting of stream sediment and lithogeochemical samples, within geological field observations and mineralographical studies to identify Cu prospect. On ASTER data; using a number of selected methods including band ratio, Least Square Fit (LS-Fit) and Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) distinguished alternation zones. These methods revealed that three types of alterations: argillic, phyllic, and iron oxide zones occurring at the NE and SE of Abhar sheet, while the propylitic and silica zones are developed in NW and SW of the studied area. Lineaments were identified by aid of false color composite, high pass filters and hill-shade DEM techniques that two NW-SE and NE-SW major trends were determined. Geochemical anomalies were separated by number-size (N-S) method. Interpretation of N-S log-log plots of Cu in the area may be a result of the three steps of enrichment, i.e., mineralization and later dispersions. Field checks and Mineralgraphical studies also confirm the existence of suitable copper mineralization.
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Kamto, Paul Gautier, Willy Lemotio, Alain-Pierre Kamga Tokam, and Loudi Yap. "Combination of Terrestrial and Satellite Gravity Data for the Characterization of the Southwestern Coastal Region of Cameroon: Appraisal for Hydrocarbon Exploration." International Journal of Geophysics 2021 (June 23, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5554528.
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The southwestern coastal region of Cameroon is an area of interest because of its hydrocarbon potential (gas and oil). Terrestrial and satellite gravity data were combined and analyzed to provide a better precision in determining the structure of the study area. Firstly, the two gravity databases (in situ and satellite) have been coupled and validated using the least square collocation technique. Then, spectral analysis was applied to the combined Bouguer anomaly map to evaluate the thickness of sediments in some localities. We found that the sedimentary cover of the southwestern coastal region of Cameroon has a thickness that varies laterally from 1.68 ± 0.08 to 2.95 ± 0.15 km , especially in the western part. This result confirms that our target area is a potential site for hydrocarbon exploration. The horizontal gradient method coupled with the upward continuation at variable heights has been used to highlight several lineaments and their directions (N-S, E-W, SW-NE, and SSW-NNE). Lineaments trending in an N-S orientation are predominant. The Euler deconvolution method was also applied to the Bouguer anomaly map to determine the position, orientation, and depth of the different superficial faults of the study area. It appears that the majority of superficial faults have an N-S and SSW-NNE orientation. These directions are correlated with those previously highlighted by the maxima of horizontal gradient. The structural map could be used for a better identification of the direction of fluid flow within the subsurface or to update the geological map of our study area.
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Som Mbang, Constantin Mathieu, Charles Antoine Basseka, Joseph Kamguia, Jacques Etamè, Cyrille Donald Njiteu Tchoukeu, and Marcelin Pemi Mouzong. "Mapping of Deep Tectonic Structures of Central and Southern Cameroon by an Interpretation of Surface and Satellite Magnetic Data." International Journal of Geophysics 2018 (June 20, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5845670.
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The aim of this study is to determine the depth of deep tectonic structures observed in the Adamawa-Yadé zone (central part of Cameroon) and propose a new structural map of this area. The horizontal gradient associated with upward continuation and the 3D Euler deconvolution methods have been applied to the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid 2 (EMAG2) data from the study area. The determination of the maximum magnitude of the horizontal gradient of the total magnetic intensity field reduced to the equator, in addition to the main contacts deducted by Euler solution, allowed the production of a structural map to show the fault systems for the survey area. This result reveals the existence of two structural domains which is thus confirmed by the contrast of magnetic susceptibility in the Central Cameroon Zone. The suggested depths are in the range of 3.34 km to 4.63 km. The structural map shows two types of faults (minors and majors) with W-E, N-S, NW-SE, NE-SW, ENE-WSW, WNW-ESE, NNE-SSW, and NNW-SSE trending. The major faults which are deepest (3.81 km to 4.63 km) with NE-SW, W-E, and N-S direction are very represented in the second domain which includes the Pangar-Djerem zone. This domain which recovers many localities (Ngaoundéré, Tibati, Ngaoundal, Yoko Bétaré-Oya, and Yaoundé) is associated with the Pan-African orogeny and the Cameroon Volcanic Line.
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Csontos, László, István Dunkl, Gábor Vakarcs, and Abid H. Abbaso. "Transversal folding in Himalaya foothill ranges." Földtani Közlöny 149, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.23928/foldt.kozl.2019.149.3.255.
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The Himalayan foreland in N Pakistan, dissected by Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) and Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) contains spectacular salients and syntaxes. The lateral (N-S) boundaries between these salients and syntaxes around Kalabagh city and east-southeast of Islamabad were believed to host deep-seated lateral ramps with strike slip movements. However, seismic data in these two sectors suggest that there are N-S trending folds and locally east- or west-vergent thrusts that affect the Paleozoic-Paleogene cover of the Indian shield, as well as the Miocene-Pliocene molasse sediments. The proposed lateral ramps cannot be followed on the seismic and on maps either; instead, both maps and seismic data suggest folding, often on a regional scale of harder Paleo-Mesozoic-Paleogene and softer Oligo-Miocene-Pilo-Pleistocene cover. The NE corner of Surghar range is proposed to be formed of relaying thrust sheets with emergent heads composed of Paleozoic-Paleogene and its slightly detached Miocene molasse. These relaying imbricates are taken in a southward flexure generated by a major right lateral shear of a wide zone, where transpressive Riedel shears, en echelon anticlines and southwards flexed earlier thrust faults are the main elements (but a single, through-going Kalabagh fault is missing). The generation of mapped N-S trending folds and east-vergent thrusts preceded the formation of the wide shear zone and southwards flexing.Hazara syntaxis is interpreted as a major antiform that re-folded MBT and Panjal thrust around Oligo-Miocene molasse, itself forming an antiform (BOSSART ET AL. 1988). In our model we propose that the west-vergent Balakot thrust and deeper blind thrusts are in the core of this antiform. In the southern continuation we propose that folds in Miocene molasse continue from eastern Potwar region to western Kashmir and there appears no major break. These structures are also re-folded in a major antiform with N-S axial trend. Map analysis also suggests that N-S trending folds bending earlier main thrusts are occurring in a wide area south of the Indus-Tsangpo suture.Several independent geological and geophysical observations including mapping, seismic analysis, earlier measurements of strain axes and of paleomagnetic declinations suggest that the salients and syntaxes may have been much more linear in the past (although a total linearity is not realistic). It is proposed that the present-day undulating pattern may have been generated by N-S trending folds due to general (and episodic) E-W shortening. If the main fault zones were more linear, the relay pattern along their segments suggests a left lateral shear component along MBT and a mixed, locally left, locally right lateral component along MFT. Earlier (ZEITLER 1985) and now provided low temperature thermochronological ages strongly suggest a rather general episode of E-W shortening between 4-5 Ma for the whole northern Indian margin. However, there should have been original transversal dome formation as early as Oligocene (DIPIETRO ET AL. 2008). It is also clear that longer N-S shortening and shorter E-W shortening episodes should alternate eventually in a very short time frame, since earthquake focal mechanisms (LISA AND KHWAJA 2004, BURG ET AL. 2005) suggest the coexistence of E-W compression and NW-SE compression in Potwar.There are several potential explanations for generating E-W shortening and related structures in a general N-S shortening regime. Possibilities range from fault terminations of thrust faults at high angles in a particular zone (TREOLAR ET AL. 1992) to en echelon folding along a major right lateral E-W fault zone. However, we speculate that E-W shortening could be much more general, suggesting a mechanism that affects the whole of Indian plate. Possibly the best explanation is given by analogue models (REPLUMAZ ET AL. 2012) proposing major, slightly convergent confining boundaries. If applied to the northwards advance of India, the northwards converging boundaries generate secondary E-W shortening and east-or west-vergent orogens parallel to these boundaries.
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Ramadhani, Annisa, R. Wahyono Widodo, and Odang Hidayat. "ANALISIS KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK TANAMAN AKAR WANGI (Vetiveria zizanioides) DI KECAMATAN SAMARANG, PASIRWANGI, LELES, CILAWU, BAYONGBONG, DAN TAROGONG KALER KABUPATEN GARUT." Composite: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 2, no. 02 (August 20, 2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37577/composite.v2i02.234.
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Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan lokasi dan luasan yang sesuai untuk ditanami tanaman akar wangi. Ordo kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman akar wangi terdiri dari ordo S (sesuai) dengan luas 30.095 hektar atau sebesar 83,57% dari luas area penelitian dan ordo N (tidak sesuai) dengan luas sebesar 5.917 hektar atau sebesar 16,43% dari luas area penelitian. Tingkat Kelas yang diperoleh yaitu S2 (cukup sesuai) dengan luas 11.157 hektar atau 30,98%, S3 (sesuai marginal) sebanyak 18.938 hektar atau 52,59% dan N (tidak sesuai) dengan luas 5.917 hektar atau sebesar 16,43%. Pada tingkat sub kelas terdapat 11 sub kelas dengan faktor pembatas tempratur (t), ketersediaan air (w), ketersediaan oksigen (o), media perakaran (r), retensi hara (n), toksisitas dan sodisitas (x), dan bahaya erosi (e). Diperoleh peta kesesuaian lahan aktual untuk tanaman akar wangi di Kecamatan Samarang, Pasirwangi, Leles, Cilawu, Bayongbong, dan Tarogong Kaler Kabupaten Garut.
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Zhang, Di, Yanchun Xue, Jiale Chen, Xingmei Guo, Dandan Yang, Jingcheng Wang, Junhao Zhang, Feng Zhang, and Aihua Yuan. "N, S, O Self-Doped Porous Carbon Nanoarchitectonics Derived from Pinecone with Outstanding Supercapacitance Performances." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 2728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17459.
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Biomass-derived porous carbons are considered as one of the most promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their low-cost and natural abundance. In this work, pinecone is used to fabricate biomass N, S, O-doped porous carbon via one-step carbonization process with KOH activation. By optimizing the additive amount of KOH and calcination temperature, the asprepared product shows a high specific surface area and pore volume up to 1593.8 m2 g−1 and 0.8582 cm3 g−1, respectively. As an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) electrode, the N, S, O-doped porous carbon exhibits a high specific capacitance of 285 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and good rate performance with a capacitance retention of 78.6% from 0.5 to 20 A g−1. Furthermore, the as-assembled symmetric supercapacitor with 6 mol L−1 KOH as electrolyte possesses a promising energy density of 6.34 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 250 W kg−1. Outstanding cycling stability was also demonstrated with 94.4% capacitance retention after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles at 1 A g−1.
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Gaíva, M. H. G., R. C. Couto, L. M. Oyama, G. E. C. Couto, V. L. F. Silveria, E. B. Roberio, and C. M. O. Nascimento. "Polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diets: effect on adipose tissue metabolism in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 86, no. 3 (September 2001): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001392.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of diets rich in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on adipose tissue metabolism. Starting at weaning, male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum, for 8 weeks with one of the following diets: C, rat chow; S, rat chow containing 15 % (w/w) soyabean oil; F, rat chow containing 15 % (w/w) fish oil; SF, rat chow containing 15 % (w/w) soyabean and fish oil (5:1, w/w). Casein was added to the fat diets to achieve the same 20 % (w/w) protein content as in the control chow. Food intake and body weight were measured weekly. The rats were killed by decapitation and the retroperitoneal (RET) and epididymal (EPI) white adipose tissues were removed and weighed. Tissue lipid and protein content, in vivo lipogenesis rate, uptake of diet-derived lipids, in vitro lipolytic rate, adipocyte area, lipoprotein lipase, ATP citrate lyase, and malic enzyme activities were evaluated. Carcass lipid and protein contents were also measured. Energy intake was reduced while carcass lipid content was increased in the three fat-fed groups. However, carcass protein and body weight gains were elevated only with diets F and SF. Lipolysis rate was diminished by diets F and SF, while the uptake of diet-derived lipids was elevated by the diet S in both RET and EPI tissues. These metabolic alterations may have contributed to the increase in in vivo lipogenesis rate in the presence of decreased ATP citrate lyase and malic enzyme activities induced by the three lipid diets. These results indicate that enrichment of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids causes changes in adipose tissue metabolism that favour fat deposition. Different metabolic pathways were preferentially affected by each type of fatty acid used.
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Kalvas, A., and L. Kautsky. "Morphological Variation in Fucus Vesiculosus Populations along Temperature and Salinity Gradients in Iceland." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 3 (August 1998): 985–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400044921.
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Geographical morphological variations in Fucus vesiculosus populations were studied along the coast of Iceland. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on 11 morphological characters clustered the 26 sampling sites into four different morphological types as follows: (1) a morphological type found along the S-SW-W coast; (2) an intermediate form comprising only two populations in the NW; (3) a type found along the N-NE-E-SE coast; and (4) a type found independent of geographical area, in estuaries and at sites influenced by large freshwater outflows. Populations influenced by low salinity had significantly (P ≤ 0·001) shorter thalli, a shorter distance from the holdfast to the oldest dichotomy, smaller fronds, narrower stipes and midrib width compared to the morphology of all other more saline populations. No significant difference in frond width was found between the S-SW-W and the N-NE-E-SE populations. However, significant (P ≤ 0·001) morphological differences between them were observed, the former having shorter thalli, a greater distance from the holdfast to the oldest dichotomy, narrower stipes and smaller midrib width compared to the latter.
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BADOWSKI, Łukasz, Witold LIBIONKA, and Andrzej PERMODA. "THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL REHABILITATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF BILATERALLY DEAF PATIENT WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF TYPE 2 NEUROFIBROMATOSIS-CASE STUDY." Medycyna Manualna XXIII, no. 3 (November 11, 2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8007.
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This work describes the case of a 20- year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type II (NF-2). The patient was diagnosed when she was just 15. The symptoms and the course of rare genetically autosomal dominant disease which is conditioned by the mutations of NF2 gene encoding merlin protein and located on chromosome 22q12.2 ,were elaborated. Scales such as: Katz (ADL), Lawton (IADL), Barthel , Tinetti, "get-up and go", tests were used in functional evaluation and patient's physical function which is very important in the diagnosis and the course of improving functionality. The purpose of this work is to present how rehabilitation and physical activity influence psychophysical health and help in everyday life activities of the patient who is deaf in both ears after tumor surgery in right and left Cerebellopontine angle area and after the surgery of two meningiomas of left sylvian fissure, Vitelliform macular d y s t r o p h y ( B e s t ' s d i s e a s e ) , t h e peripheral paresis of the right facial nerve and existing multilevel intradural tumors in spinal canal, intraspinal and e x t r a s p i n a l t u m o r s w i t h t h e morphologic features of meningiomas, neurilemmomas, ependymo mas, t u m o r s w i t h t h e f e a t u r e s o f meningiomas above left Cerebral hemisphere and along Cerebral falx. Moreover, the patient was diagnosed with tumors with the morphologic features of meningiomas in the right internal juguval vein hole, left accessory p a r o t i d g l a n d a n d a f e w s m a l l meningiomas below the left internal juguval vein hole and also in left parapharyngeal space after the insertion of cochlear implant on the right side and after hypothyroidism, it was given to the patient who reads lips, communicates mostly by text messages and slowly tries to incorporate sign language. Examples of rehabilitation exercises were presented, as well as how the patient uses physical activity despite bilateral deafness, numerous tumors and surgeries.
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Ho, A., J. R. White, J. B. Owen, A. Trentham-Dietz, and J. F. Wilson. "Geographic disparity in the use of surgical management (SM) and radiotherapy (RT) for female breast cancer (BC) in Wisconsin (WI)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2011): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.209.
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209 Background: The WICaRE Program is a part of the cross sectional Patterns of Care Study–Breast and Prostate (PoC-BP) that sought to evaluate the patterns of BC care in the state WI and to identify areas for potential improvement in data collection and factors associated with variation in care. This study was to examine the geographic disparities in SM and the use of RT in female BC patients diagnosed in WI in 2004. Methods: The Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System (WCRS) receives reports from 130+ facilities. Information of patient (disease status, sociodemographic, treatment, county of residence) was obtained from cancer registries and supplemental data was reabstracted from medical charts across 66 counties. Geographic regions were counties grouped by WI Dept. of Health Services (DHS) as Northeastern (NE), Northern (N), Southeastern (SE), Southern (S), Western (W). Results: A total of 1037 cases were reported. 25% age 20-49, 49% age 50-69, and 28% age 70+; Caucasian had 82%, black 10% and others 8%. 34% had T1 stage, 9% T2, 4% T3+, and 53% TX-T0/unknown stage. 46% had reported mild comorbidity, 9% had moderate or severe comorbidity. Majority (73%) lived in the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). 29% patients from NE region, 10% from N, 36% SE, 17% S and 8% W. Patients in the S and W had significantly lower % who received RT (46 and 48% respectively) than those in NE (61%), N (62%) and SE (63%), p=0.01; % mastectomy (MA) by regions were 43% (NE), 42% (N), 33% (SE), 47% (S) and 35% (W), p=0.009. Multivariate models adjusting for disease status, comorbidity, and sociodemographic factors showed that patients in MSA region were more likely to have RT compared to those in non-MSA (odds ratio, OR=1.66, 95%CI=1.14-2.40), but those in S were less likely than those in SE (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.38-0.91). Patients in MSA had a decreased likelihood of undergoing mastectomy. NE (OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.08-2.29) and S (OR= 2.04, 95%CI=1.31-3.17) had significantly higher odds of having MA than those in SE. Conclusions: This study showed evidence of geographic disparity in medical care for BC patients in Wisconsin. Identifying factors mediating this disparity will help in developing appropriate treatment options and improving outcomes.
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DeBlock, Ryan H., Christopher N. Chervin, Debra R. Rolison, Michelle D. Johannes, and Jeffrey W. Long. "Correlating Local Structure and Electrochemical Performance in Metal-Substituted Vanadium Ferrite Aerogel Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 56 (October 9, 2022): 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02562147mtgabs.
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Disordered vanadium ferrite (VFe2Ox) materials exhibit promising performance for electrochemical energy-storage applications such as rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.1,2 We employ an epoxide-promoted sol–gel reaction of iron chloride and vanadium isopropoxide to form nanostructured vanadium ferrite gels. Subsequent supercritical-CO2 extraction of the pore fluid yields high surface–area aerogels. Heat treatment under either O2-containing or inert atmosphere yields disordered or nanocrystalline variants, respectively. Electroinactive metal cations such as aluminum, zinc, and zirconium are substituted during the initial sol–gel synthesis to alter the local electronic environment of VFe2Ox. The resulting series of native and substituted VFe2Ox materials are evaluated as powder-composite cathodes versus lithium metal in coin cells with conventional nonaqueous lithium-ion electrolyte. We correlate such critical battery-performance parameters as total specific capacity, high-rate capability, and cycle life as a function of MVFe2Ox composition and its degree of structural order/disorder. In-lab X-ray absorption spectroscopy also provides important information on metal oxidation state and element-specific coordination for these VFe2Ox aerogels, including during operando electrochemical lithiation/delithiation. In parallel with experimental advancements, calculations on VFe2Ox reveal that V incorporation into the defect-induced spinel structure occurs at tetrahedral sites. Further, both disorder of vacancies and Fe/V tetrahedral occupation lower the overall energy, opening an electronic energy gap that establishes the redox sequence during lithiation. N. Chervin, J. S. Ko, B. W. Miller, L. Dudek, A. N. Mansour, M. D. Donakowski, T. Brintlinger, P. Gogotsi, S. Chattopadhyay, T. Shibata, J. F. Parker, B. P. Hahn, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 12059 (2015). C. N. Chervin, R.H. DeBlock, J. F. Parker, B. M. Hudak, N. L. Skeele, J. S. Ko, D. R. Rolison, and J. W. Long, RSC Adv. 11, 14495 (2021).
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Sachet, Marcos R., Idemir Citadin, Marieli T. Guerrezi, Rafael H. Pertille, Joel Donazzolo, and Rubens O. Nodari. "Non-destructive measurement of leaf area and leaf pigments in feijoa trees." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 1 (January 2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n1p16-20.
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ABSTRACT Leaf area (cm2 per leaf) and leaf pigment content are important traits that can be used to better understand a plants physiology. In this study, empirical non-destructive models for leaf area and leaf pigment based on the leaf dimensions, length (L) and width (W) in centimeters, and chlorophyll meter readings were developed for feijoa (Acca sellowiana). The experiment was carried out during January 2016 using five-year-old trees of 60 genotypes, grown under field conditions in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The proposed leaf area (LA) model was L A = 0 . 0022 L 3 + 0 . 1482 W 2 + 0 . 6159 L W + 0 . 1076 (R2 = 0.99). Three current leaf area models found in the literature were also assessed. All of the already created models were less accurate than the model proposed in this article. The proposed leaf pigment models were based on the Falker Chlorophyll Index for Chlorophyll a (A) and b (B), these were C h l a = 2 . 564 A + 13 . 098 B - 42 . 605 (R2 = 0.94), C h l b = 1 . 538 A + 3 . 287 B + 8 . 847 (R2 = 0.86) and C a r o t e n o i d s = 0 . 947 B + 8 . 943 (R2 = 0.88) expressed as µmol m-2 of leaf blade. In conclusion, the proposed models in this study were shown to be a reliable non-destructivel way of estimating A. sellowiana leaf area and leaf pigment.
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MAGGIONI, TAMARA, CLARA RIMONDINO, ANABELA TAVERNA, PAOLA REYNA, CRISTIAN LAGGER, GASTÓN ALURRALDE, EMILIA CALCAGNO, and MARCOS TATIÁN. "Abyssal ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, including a new Styela species and stomach content identifications." Zootaxa 5093, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 296–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.3.2.
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Deep-sea benthic communities from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, were sampled in January–April 2005 in an area located between 61°S–70°S and 0°W–49°W. We found a total of eight ascidian species that belong to five different families, of which one corresponded to a new species. These were: Protoholozoa pedunculata Kott, 1969; Corynascidia suhmi Herdman, 1882; Styela andeepensis Maggioni & Tatián sp. nov.; Culeolus suhmi Herman, 1881; Culeolus anonymus Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1976; Culeolus likae Sanamyan K. & Sanamyan N., 2002; Oligotrema lyra (Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1973) and Asajirus indicus (Oka, 1913). We report: the extension of the known distribution ranges of P. pedunculata, Corynascidia suhmi, Culeolus suhmi, C. likae and A. indicus, being the first time they are collected from the Weddell Sea; and the shallowest record of C. likae. Six species were added to the list of ascidians of the Weddell Sea, being all deep-sea representatives. While the total number of ascidian species augmented from 43 to 49, the number of deep-sea representatives increased from 23 to 29. Our findings, thus, reinforce the need of performing more deep-sea prospections in the area.
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Hoffmann, Angeline, Thomas Müller, Volker Fingerle, Cornelia Silaghi, and Matthias Noll. "Co-Infection of Potential Tick-Borne Pathogens of the Order Rickettsiales and Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. and their Link to Season and Area in Germany." Microorganisms 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010157.
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The prevalence of potential human pathogenic members of the order Rickettsiales differs between Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-positive and -negative tick microbiomes. Here, co-infection of members of the order Rickettsiales, such as Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Wolbachia pipientis, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis as well as B. burgdorferi s.l. in the tick microbiome was addressed. This study used conventional PCRs to investigate the diversity and prevalence of the before-mentioned bacteria in 760 nucleic acid extracts of I. ricinus ticks detached from humans, which were previously tested for B. burgdorferi s.l.. A gltA gene-based amplicon sequencing approach was performed to identify Rickettsia species. The prevalence of Rickettsia spp. (16.7%, n = 127) and W. pipientis (15.9%, n = 121) were similar, while A. phagocytophilum was found in 2.8% (n = 21) and N. mikurensis in 0.1% (n = 1) of all ticks. Co-infection of B. burgdorferi s. l. with Rickettsia spp. was most frequent. The gltA gene sequencing indicated that Rickettsia helvetica was the dominant Rickettsia species in tick microbiomes. Moreover, R, monacensis and R. raoultii were correlated with autumn and area south, respectively, and a negative B. burgdorferi s. l. finding. Almost every fifth tick carried DNA of at least two of the human pathogenic bacteria studied here.
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Yang, Xuemei, Allen Lunsford, and Marcetta Y. Darensbourg. "Connecting Main-Group Metals (Al, Ga, In) and Tungsten(0) Carbonyls via the N2S2 Metallo-Ligand Strategy." Inorganics 7, no. 9 (September 13, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics7090115.
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Tetradentate N2S2 ligands (such as bismercaptoethanediazacycloheptane in this study) have seen extensive use in combination with transition metals. Well-oriented N2S2 binding sites are ideal for d8 transition metals with square planar preferences, especially NiII, but also as a square pyramidal base for those metals with pentacoordinate preferences, such as [V≡O]2+, [Fe(NO)]2+, and [Co(NO)]2+. Further reactivity at the thiolate sulfurs generates diverse bi, tri, and tetra/heterometallic compounds. Few N2S2 ligands have been explored to investigate the possibility of binding to main group metals, especially group III (MIII) metals, and their utility as synthons for main group/transition metal bimetallic complexes. To open up this area of chemistry, we synthesized three new five-coordinate main group XMN2S2 complexes with methyl as the fifth binding ligand for M = Al, and chloride for M = Ga and In. The seven-membered diazacycle, dach, was engaged as a rigid stabilized connector between the terminal thiolate sulfurs. The pentacoordinate XMN2S2 complexes were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, +ESI-Mass spectra, and X-ray diffraction. Their stabilities and reactivities were probed by adding NiII sources and W(CO)5(THF). The former replaces the main group metals in all cases in the N2S2 coordination environment, demonstrating the weak coordinate bonds of MIII–N/S. The reaction of XMN2S2 (XM = ClGaIII or ClInIII) with the labile ligand W(0) complex W(CO)5(THF) resulted in Ga/In–W bimetallic complexes with a thiolate S-bridge. The synthesis of XMN2S2 complexes provide examples of MIII–S coordination, especially Al–S, which is relatively rare. The bimetallic Ga/In–S–W complex formation indicates that the nucleophilic ability of sulfur is retained in MIII–S–R, resulting in the ability of main group MIII–N2S2 complexes to serve as metalloligands.
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Greifzu, Moritz, Roman Tkachov, Lukas Stepien, Elena López, Frank Brückner, and Christoph Leyens. "Laser Treatment as Sintering Process for Dispenser Printed Bismuth Telluride Based Paste." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 3453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203453.
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Laser sintering as a thermal post treatment method for dispenser printed p- and n-type bismuth telluride based thermoelectric paste materials was investigated. A high-power fiber laser (600 W, 1064 nm) was used in combination with a scanning system to achieve high processing speed. A Design of Experiment (DoE) approach was used to identify the most relevant processing parameters. Printed layers were laser treated with different process parameters and the achieved sheet resistance, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient are compared to tube furnace processed reference specimen. For p-type material, electrical conductivity of 22 S/cm was achieved, compared to 15 S/cm in tube furnace process. For n-type material, conductivity achieved by laser process was much lower (7 S/cm) compared to 88 S/cm in furnace process. Also, Seebeck coefficient decreases during laser processing (40–70 µV/K and −110 µV/K) compared to the oven process (251 µV/K and −142 µV/K) for p- and n-type material. DoE did not yet deliver a set of optimum processing parameters, but supports doubts about the applicability of area specific laser energy density as a single parameter to optimize laser sintering process.
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ΓΑΛΑΝΑΚΗΣ, Δ. "Brittle tectonic and morphological alteration of Almyros basin." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17038.
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Two crossed fault systems with NW-SE and E-W directions affect on the central and southern part of the Almyros basin. The uplift movement in the western part of the basin, with importance vertical displacement (up to 200m) of the lignite layers and the formation river terraces are related with the activity of the first fault NWSE direction. The second fault with E-W direction, located along Xerias river, affect on drainage system with hydrographie network from the south to the north development. In the southern part of the basin and on the Orthrys mountain a fault system with E-W trending affects on alpine basement and neogene deposits. This fault system forms the southern boundary of the Almyros basin. The recent brittle tectonic during Neogene-Quaternary is connected with the evolution and the configuration of the Almyros basin as well as volcanic activity of the area. The morphological differentiations of Almyros basin, the drainage system and the recent landforms with morphogenic activity are controlled by the recent brittle tectonics. The normal fault systems in the studied area caused by the extensional stress field (σ3), trending N-S to NNW-SSE, which controls the geodynamic regime since Lower Pleistocene. This geodynamic regime has defined the recent morphological and morphotectonic evolution of the studied area.
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Cho, Kirito, Hideaki Machida, Masato Ishikawa, Hiroshi Sudoh, Hitoshi Wakabayashi, Ryo Yokogawa, Naomi Sawamoto, and Atsushi Ogura. "Low Temperature WS2 Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Using n-Bunc-W(CO)5 for W Precursor." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 12 (July 7, 2022): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0112869mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) is one of the representative two-dimensional layered materials, and its applications in various fields have been actively studied due to its preferable properties such as reasonably wide band gap (monolayer: 2.03 eV, bulk: 1.32 eV) [1] and excellent stability. In particular, large area, a few layer WS2 has a high potential as channel material for MOSFET in the next generation LSI. In most of the WS2 CVD reported so far, WF6 or W(CO)6 has been widely used for tungsten precursor as well as H2S for S precursor. However, there are critical problems for the precursors: WF6 is toxic, and W(CO)6 is solid and hard to supply to the reaction chamber. Sublimation supply of solids is not stable in terms of transport volume, and sometime clogging of pipes is also a concern. H2S is also highly toxic. In this study, a tungsten precursor of n-BuNC-W(CO)5 was investigated for WS2 deposition. One of its favorable characteristics is that it is liquid above 35 °C with stable vapor supply. It is also expected to interact with the substrate efficiently due to its polarity in the molecule. The vapor pressure is 1.2 torr at 115 °C, which is an appropriate for a CVD precursor. As a sulfur precursor, (t-C4H9)2S2 [2], which is non-toxic in contrast to H2S, was employed. WS2 thin films were grown by MOCVD in a cold-wall reactor, using the organic compounds introduced above as precursors for W and S, respectively, on silicon (001) or sapphire (0001) substrates. The deposited films were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy (wavelength: 355 nm), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As a result, the continuous films were successfully obtained at the deposition temperature over 250 °C. XPS measurements showed the S/W ratio were slightly larger than the stoichiometric value of two (Fig. 1(a) and (b)). Residual C contamination was significantly reduced by elevating the deposition temperature over 300 °C. The Raman spectra confirmed the film was multi-layer WS2 with peak at 356 cm-1 (E1 2g) and 419 cm-1 (A1g) (Fig. 1(c)). TEM observation also revealed the film had a layered structures as is shown in the typical 2D materials (Fig. 1(d)). This study was partly supported by JST CREST Number JPMJCR16F4, Japan. Reference [1] J. Gusakova, X. Wang, L. L. Shiau, A. Krivosheeva, V. Shaposhnikov, V. Borisenko, V. Gusakov, and B. K. Tay, Phys Status Solidi. 214, 12 (2017). [2] C. Kirito, K. Yamazaki, Y. Hibino, Y. Hashimoto, H. Machida, M. Ishikawa, H. Sudoh, H. Wakabayashi, R. Yokogawa and A. Ogura, ECS Trans. 104, 3 (2021). Figure 1
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Zarzissi, Slim, Mohamed Amine Bouzid, Firas Zghal, Haithem Rebai, and Thomas J. Hureau. "Aging reduces the maximal level of peripheral fatigue tolerable and impairs exercise capacity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 319, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): R617—R625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00151.2020.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present study was to determine the magnitude of the maximal level of peripheral fatigue attainable (fatigue threshold) during an all-out intermittent isometric knee-extensor protocol in both younger (24 ± 1 yr, n = 12) and older (60 ± 2 yr, n = 12) participants to provide new insights into the effects of aging on neuromuscular function. Participants performed two experimental sessions, in which they performed 60 maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs; 3 s of contraction, 2 s of relaxation). One trial was performed in the unfatigued state (CTRL) and one other following fatiguing neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the quadriceps (FNMES). Peripheral fatigue was quantified via pre/postexercise decrease in quadriceps twitch force (∆Ptw). Critical force (CF) was determined as the mean force output of the last 12 contractions, whereas W′ was calculated as the area above CF. Although FNMES led to a significant decrease in Ptw before performing the 60-MVCs protocol ( P = 0.024), ∆Ptw was not different between CTRL and FNMES for both the young group ( P = 0.491) and the old group ( P = 0.523). However, this peripheral fatigue threshold was significantly greater in young versus old participants (∆Ptw = −48 ± 10% vs. −29 ± 13%, respectively, P = 0.028). In CTRL, W′ was 55 ± 13% lower in the old group than in the young group ( P < 0.001), but CF was similar (326 ± 10 N vs. 322 ± 12 N, respectively, P = 0.941). ∆Ptw was correlated with W′, independently of age ( r2 = 0.84, P < 0.001). Exercise performance decreases with aging consequent to a lower tolerance to peripheral fatigue. However, the peripheral fatigue threshold mechanism persists with healthy aging and continues to play a protective role in preserving locomotor muscle function during exercise.
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Díaz, Xiomara Franchesca García, Lucia Maria de Oliveira Gusmão, and Sigrid Neumann-Leitão. "New record of Thalia cicar van Soest 1973 (Urochordata: Thaliacea) in the Equatorial Atlantic." Biota Neotropica 8, no. 3 (September 2008): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032008000300009.
Full textAbstract:
Thalia cicar van Soest 1973 (Urochordata, Thaliacea) is considered a tropical-subtropical species, registered in the Atlantic Ocean at latitudes between 7-34º S and 6-32º N. This work enlarges the occurrence of this species for Equatorial Atlantic waters. The specimens were found in a shelf break area of the Brazilian northeastern (07º 50'-07º 70' S and 34º 23' W) during the expedition JOPS-II (Joint Oceanographic Projects II) in March 1995; and, in São Pedro e São Paulo arquipelago (0º 55' N and 29º 20' W) in May and June, 2005. These two areas are characterized by the presence of local upwelling that induces the ascent of bottom waters rich in nutrients, generating areas of larger productivity than the typically oligotrophic Equatorial Atlantic waters. The new occurrence of Thalia cicar reported in this work can be related to these more productive waters of Equatorial Atlantic. The species that is most commonly found in the Atlantic Ocean is T. democratica, and the lack of past records of T. cicar might have been caused by the taxonomic difficulties determining of the solitary and aggregate zooids of these two species. This work suggests the potential use of the ratios among tunic lengths as an additional character to differentiate T. cicar and T. democratica oozooids.