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Garlick, Marina, Hans W. Groenewegen, Derek Fielding, Bill Linklater, and Peter Orlovich. "Remembering Allan Horton." Australian Library Journal 54, no. 2 (May 2005): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.2005.10721737.
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Moser, J. David. "Corpus Mysticum: A Response to Vanhoozer, Horton, and Allen." Pro Ecclesia: A Journal of Catholic and Evangelical Theology 29, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063851219891547.
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This article examines Augustine’s theology of the totus Christus, outlined in the article “Totus Christus: A Proposal for Protestant Christology and Ecclesiology”, in greater detail. It refines the terms of the debate about the totus Christus among Reformed theologians in the symposium, explores more deeply the meaning of this doctrine, and raises critical questions of Reformed catholicity as an ongoing theological and ecclesial project informed by this debate.
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Barocka, A. "Pathologisches Horten." Die Psychiatrie 14, no. 04 (October 2017): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669703.
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ZusammenfassungDas pathologische Horten (DSM-5 300.3) scheint mit ca. 2% Punktprävalenz eine häufige Störung zu sein, die aber bei Psychiatern und Psychotherapeuten Zurückhaltung auslöst. Für Betroffene ist es schwer, eine angemessene Therapie zu bekommen. Das hat mehrere Gründe: Die diagnostische Einordnung ist umstritten. Ist es eine Form der Zwangsstörung? Gesichert ist die Tatsache, dass die klassische kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei Zwangsstörung gut, beim pathologischen Horten kaum hilft. Andere Syndrome wie ADHS, bipolare Störung, soziale Phobie und Depression spielen komorbid oder als Teil des Syndroms mit hinein. Die Störung wird teilweise ich-synton präsentiert. Mit anderen Worten: die Therapie ist schwierig. Während sich die Fachleute zurückhalten, sind Ratgeberbücher, Fernsehen und Selbsthilfegruppen hoch interessiert am „Messie-Syndrom“, einer im Grunde diskriminierenden Bezeichnung für das Pathologische Horten. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt sich die Aufgabe, Therapieprinzipien bekannt zu machen, die sich in Studien als wirksam erwiesen haben. Eine auf das Störungsbild des Pathologischen Hortens ausgerichtete Therapie kann nicht in allen Fällen zur Vollremission führen, bietet aber gute Chancen für eine symptomatische Verbesserung in vielen Fällen und die Wiederherstellung der Funktionalität in einem Teil der Fälle.
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Swiston, Cole J., and David L. Nash. "Intermittent Esotropia in 4 Patients With Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome." Journal of Child Neurology 33, no. 8 (May 1, 2018): 525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073818770597.
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Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome is a rare X-linked neurologic condition caused by mutations in monocarboxylate transporter 8 ( MCT8), which leads to deficient thyroid hormone transport. Typical features include severe cognitive impairment, truncal hypotonia, spastic paraplegia, weakness, and speech difficulties. Minimal literature exists describing the ocular findings in patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. We describe 4 male siblings affected with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome with a novel nonsense mutation (Q90X) in the MCT8 protein. All affected siblings presented with classic findings of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, and each of the siblings also developed intermittent esotropia. This group of affected siblings represents the first consistent documentation of strabismus in Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, suggesting a possible association between this clinical finding and the neurologic syndrome.
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Abe, Sanae, Noriyuki Namba, Makoto Abe, Makoto Fujiwara, Tomonao Aikawa, Mikihiko Kogo, and Keiichi Ozono. "Monocarboxylate Transporter 10 Functions as a Thyroid Hormone Transporter in Chondrocytes." Endocrinology 153, no. 8 (June 19, 2012): 4049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1713.
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Thyroid hormone is essential for normal proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Thus, untreated congenital hypothyroidism is marked by severe short stature. The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a highly specific transporter for thyroid hormone. The hallmarks of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, caused by MCT8 mutations, are severe psychomotor retardation and elevated T3 levels. However, growth is mostly normal. We therefore hypothesized that growth plate chondrocytes use transporters other than MCT8 for thyroid hormone uptake. Extensive analysis of thyroid hormone transporter mRNA expression in mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells revealed that monocarboxylate transporter 10 (Mct10) was most abundantly expressed among the transporters known to be highly specific for thyroid hormone, namely Mct8, Mct10, and organic anion transporter 1c1. Expression levels of Mct10 mRNA diminished with chondrocyte differentiation in these cells. Accordingly, Mct10 mRNA was expressed most abundantly in the growth plate resting zone chondrocytes in vivo. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Mct10 mRNA in ATDC5 cells decreased [125I]T3 uptake up to 44% compared with negative control (P < 0.05). Moreover, silencing Mct10 mRNA expression abolished the known effects of T3, i.e. suppression of proliferation and enhancement of differentiation, in ATDC5 cells. These results suggest that Mct10 functions as a thyroid hormone transporter in chondrocytes and can explain at least in part why Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome patients do not exhibit significant growth impairment.
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Allen, Felicity. "Discovering the Horizon: Felicity Allen Talks to Peter Jenkinson." Art Book 8, no. 1 (January 2001): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8357.00230.
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Subrata, Sumarno Adi, and Merses Varia Dewi. "Puasa Ramadhan dalam Perspektif Kesehatan: Literatur Review." Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora 15, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v15i2.1139.
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ABSTRACT:Ramadan fasting is one of five Islamic pillars which had historically been obligated by Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala during the month of Sha’ban in the second year of Hijra. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala firmly instructed to conduct Ramadan fasting in order to attain taqwa as clearly stated in Surah Al-Baqara 2:183. Furthermore, Ramadan fasting has many beneficial effects for health. This literature review will scientifically explain of these benefits, which consists of benefits for optic nerves, pregnancy, diabetic patients, renal failure patients, cholesterol impairement and obesity, level of cortisol hormone, immune system, peptic ulcer patients and cancer patients. A titanic amount of published studies (1988 - 2017) from trustworthy electronic databases such as Elsevier, PubMed, Google Scholar and SAGE has been well considered in this review. Keywords: Ramadan fasting, health, literature review ABSTRAK:Puasa ramadhan adalah salah satu bagian dari rukun islam dimana syariat ini diwajibkan pada pada bulan Sya’ban tahun kedua Hijriyah. Allah subhaanahu wa ta’ala memerintahkan puasa ramadhan dengan tujuan untuk menggapai predikat insan yang bertaqwa sebagaimana yang telah tertulis di dalam Al Qur’an surat Al Baqarah ayat 183. Selain itu, puasa ramadhan juga memiliki banyak manfaat dari sisi kesehatan. Literature review ini akan menjelaskan secara detail pengaruh puasa ramadhan bagi kesehatan yang terdiri dari kesehatan saraf mata, ibu hamil, pasien dengan diabetes, pasien dengan gangguan fungsi ginjal, gangguan kolesterol dan obesitas, kadar hormon kortisol, sistem kekebalan subuh, pasien dengan ulkus peptikum dan pasien dengan kanker. Sejumlah artikel yang dipublikasikan mulai dari tahun 1988 - 2017 oleh database Elsevier, PubMed, Google scholar dan SAGE telah dijadikan bahan kajian dalam review ini. Kata kunci: puasa ramadhan, kesehatan, literatur review
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Leung, Andrea, and Kaitlin Welborn. "Admiral Thad Allen, MPA ‘86, 23rd Commandant of the US Coast Guard." Policy Perspectives 18, no. 1 (October 18, 2011): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v18i0.9363.
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Admiral Thad Allen, the 23rd Commandant of the US Coast Guard, graduated from The George Washington University with his Master of Public Administration in 1986. Since that point, he has been in charge of the federal responses for Hurricane Katrina as well as for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Admiral Allen sat down with the Editor-in-Chief and the Managing Editor of Policy Perspectives to talk about lessons learned from his career, “dogs who hunt,” and the possibility of an Admiral Allen Twitter account.
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van der Deure, Wendy M., Robin P. Peeters, and Theo J. Visser. "Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone transporters, including MCT8, MCT10, and OATPs, and the effects of genetic variation in these transporters." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 44, no. 1 (June 18, 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme-09-0042.
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Thyroid hormone is a pleiotropic hormone with widespread biological actions. For instance, adequate levels of thyroid hormone are critical for the development of different tissues such as the central nervous system, but are also essential for the regulation of metabolic processes throughout life. The biological activity of thyroid hormone depends not only on serum thyroid hormone levels, but is also regulated at the tissue level by the expression and activity of deiodinases, which activate thyroid hormone or mediate its degradation. In addition, thyroid hormone transporters are necessary for the uptake of thyroid hormone into target tissues. With the discovery of monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) as a specific thyroid hormone transporter and the finding that mutations in this transporter lead to a syndrome of severe psychomotor retardation and elevated serum 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine levels known as the Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome, the interest in this area of research has greatly increased. In this review, we will focus on the molecular aspects of thyroid hormone transporters, including MCT8, MCT10, organic anion transporting polypeptides, and the effects of genetic variation in these transporters.
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Groeneweg, Stefan, Robin P. Peeters, Theo J. Visser, and W. Edward Visser. "Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in the Allan—Herndon—Dudley Syndrome." US Endocrinology 12, no. 02 (2016): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2016.12.02.90.
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Thyroid hormone (TH) is important for normal brain development. The TH transporter protein monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is crucial to maintain adequate TH levels in the brain during development and throughout life. Mutations in MCT8 result in the Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome (AHDS), which is characterized by a severe delay in neurocognitive development, combined with abnormal serum thyroid function tests (TFTs). The combination of an increased (F)T3 and decreased (F)T4 and rT3 serum levels are characteristic for the presence of AHDS in male patients with moderate to severe delay in neurocognitive development. Here, we provide an overview of current insights, challenges and pitfalls in the diagnosis and management of patients with AHDS.
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Jockenhövel, F., J. Deuble, V. K. K. Chatterjee, D. Reinwein, K. Mann, and W. Reinhardt. "Schilddrüsen-Hormon-Resistenz: unterschiedlicher klinischer Ausprägungsgrad bei fünf Patienten." Nuklearmedizin 36, no. 07 (1997): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629842.
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Zusammenfassung Ziel: Erhöhte freie Schilddrüsenhormon-Konzentrationen bei nicht sup-primiertem TSH sind das biochemische Kennzeichen der Schilddrüsenhormon-Resistenz (RTH = Resistance to Thyroid Hormones). Bei der RTH liegt ein Rezeptordefekt in der ß-Untereinheit des Schilddrüsen-Hormon-Rezeptors vor. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über den unterschiedlichen klinischen und biochemischen Verlauf von fünf Patienten mit RTH berichtet. Methoden: Im Verlauf der letzten Jahre wurde der klinische Verlauf sowie die schilddrüsenspezifischen Parameter von fünf Patienten mit RTH untersucht. Ebenfalls erfolgte eine sonografische Untersuchung der Schilddrüse sowie die Bestimmung des Technetium-Uptakes unter Normal- und unter Suppressionsbedingungen. Die individuellen Exons des Schilddrüsen-Hormonrezeptor-ß-Gens wurden aus der Leukocyten-DNA mittels PCR amplifiziert und sequenziert. Ergebnisse: Bei allen Patienten zeigte sich eine Punktmutation in der T3-bindenden Domäne des Schilddrüsenhormonrezeptors. Bei zwei unserer Patienten handelt es sich um Spontanmutationen; bei drei der Patienten ist die RTH familiär bedingt. Drei von fünf Patienten hatten sich vor Diagnosestellung ein bzw. mehrmals einer Schilddrüsenoperation oder einer Radiojodtherapie wegen einer Struma bzw. wegen einer »therapierefraktären« Hyperthyreose unterzogen. Eine Patientin entwickelte zusätzlich eine Hyperthyreose vom Typ M. Basedow und mußte sich einer dritten Schilddrüsenoperation unterziehen. Beim sechs Jahre jüngeren Bruder besteht neben der RTH noch eine Hashimoto Thyreoiditis. Schlußfolgerung: Bei Patienten mit erhöhten freien Schilddrüsenhormonparametern und inadäquat erhöhten bzw. normalem TSH muß immer eine RTH in Erwägung gezogen werden. Der klinische Ausprägungsgrad der RTH ist äußerst variabel. Auch sollten bei Patienten mit RTH Schilddrüsenantikörperbestimmungen durchgeführt werden, um das Auftreten einer autoimmunen Schilddrüsenerkrankung nicht zu übersehen.
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Delbaere, Joke, Pieter Vancamp, Stijn L. J. Van Herck, Nele M. A. Bourgeois, Mary J. Green, Richard J. T. Wingate, and Veerle M. Darras. "MCT8 deficiency in Purkinje cells disrupts embryonic chicken cerebellar development." Journal of Endocrinology 232, no. 2 (February 2017): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-16-0323.
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Inactivating mutations in the human SLC16A2 gene encoding the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) result in the Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome accompanied by severe locomotor deficits. The underlying mechanisms of the associated cerebellar maldevelopment were studied using the chicken as a model. Electroporation of an MCT8-RNAi vector into the cerebellar anlage of a 3-day-old embryo allowed knockdown of MCT8 in Purkinje cell precursors. This resulted in the downregulation of the thyroid hormone-responsive gene RORα and the Purkinje cell-specific differentiation marker LHX1/5 at day 6. MCT8 knockdown also results in a smaller and less complex dendritic tree at day 18 suggesting a pivotal role of MCT8 for cell-autonomous Purkinje cell maturation. Early administration of the thyroid hormone analogue 3,5,3′-triiodothyroacetic acid partially rescued early Purkinje cell differentiation. MCT8-deficient Purkinje cells also induced non-autonomous effects as they led to a reduced granule cell precursor proliferation, a thinner external germinal layer and a loss of PAX6 expression. By contrast, at day 18, the external germinal layer thickness was increased, with an increase in presence of Axonin-1-positive post-mitotic granule cells in the initial stage of radial migration. The concomitant accumulation of presumptive migrating granule cells in the molecular layer, suggests that inward radial migration to the internal granular layer is stalled. In conclusion, early MCT8 deficiency in Purkinje cells results in both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous effects on cerebellar development and indicates that MCT8 expression is essential from very early stages of development, providing a novel insight into the ontogenesis of the Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome.
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Nennstiel, Uta, Anja Lüders, and Inken Brockow. "Neugeborenen-Screening-Programme." Public Health Forum 27, no. 4 (December 18, 2019): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pubhef-2019-0071.
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Zusammenfassung In Deutschland wird allen Neugeborenen in den ersten Lebenstagen ein Screening auf angeborene Störungen des Stoffwechsels, des Hormon- und Immunsystems sowie Hörstörungen angeboten. Die Durchführung des Screenings sowie die Aufklärung der Eltern und die Einwilligung sind durch den G-BA in der Kinder-Richtlinie ebenso geregelt wie Untersuchungsmethoden und Befundmitteilung. Das Screening ist sehr effektiv, allerdings fehlt ein Programm zur Sicherstellung hoher Prozessqualität (z.B. Tracking).
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Wirth, Eva K., Eddy Rijntjes, Franziska Meyer, Josef Köhrle, and Ulrich Schweizer. "High T3, Low T4 Serum Levels in Mct8 Deficiency Are Not Caused by Increased Hepatic Conversion through Type I Deiodinase." European Thyroid Journal 4, Suppl. 1 (2015): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381021.
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Background: The Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome is a severe psychomotor retardation accompanied by specific changes in circulating thyroid hormone levels (high T3, low T4). These are caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone transmembrane transport protein monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). Objective: To test the hypothesis that circulating low T4 and high T3 levels are caused by enhanced conversion of T4 via increased activity of hepatic type I deiodinase (Dio1). Methods: We crossed mice deficient in Mct8 with mice lacking Dio1 activity in hepatocytes. Translation of the selenoenzyme Dio1 was abrogated by hepatocyte-specific inactivation of selenoprotein biosynthesis. Results: Inactivation of Dio1 activity in the livers of global Mct8-deficient mice does not restore normal circulating thyroid hormone levels. Conclusions: Our data suggest that although hepatic Dio1 activity is increased in Mct8-deficient mice, it does not cause the observed abnormal circulating thyroid hormone levels. Since global inactivation of Dio1 in Mct8-deficient mice does normalize circulating thyroid hormone levels, the underlying mechanism and relevant tissues involved remain to be elucidated.
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Krude, Heiko, Heike Biebermann, Markus Schuelke, Timo D. Müller, and Matthias Tschöp. "Allan-Herndon-Dudley-Syndrome: Considerations about the Brain Phenotype with Implications for Treatment Strategies." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 128, no. 06/07 (April 2, 2020): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1108-1456.
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AbstractDespite its first description more than 75 years ago, effective treatment for “Allan-Herndon-Dudley-Syndrome (AHDS)”, an X-linked thyroid hormone transporter defect, is unavailable. Mutations in the SLC16A2 gene have been discovered to be causative for AHDS in 2004, but a comprehensive understanding of the function of the encoded protein, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), is incomplete. Patients with AHDS suffer from neurodevelopmental delay, as well as extrapyramidal (dystonia, chorea, athetosis), pyramidal (spasticity), and cerebellar symptoms (ataxia). This suggests an affection of the pyramidal tracts, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, most likely already during fetal brain development. The function of other brain areas relevant for mood, behavior, and vigilance seems to be intact. An optimal treatment strategy should thus aim to deliver T3 to these relevant structures at the correct time points during development. A potential therapeutic strategy meeting these needs might be the delivery of T3 via a “Trojan horse mechanism” by which T3 is delivered into target cells by a thyroid hormone transporter independent T3 internalization.
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Stephens, Sahar M., and Kelle H. Moley. "Follicular origins of modern reproductive endocrinology." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 297, no. 6 (December 2009): E1235—E1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00575.2009.
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This essay looks at the historical significance of the APS Classic Paper: Allen E, Doisy EA. The induction of a sexually mature condition in immature females by injection of the ovarian follicular hormone. Am J Physiol 69: 577–588, 1924 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/69/3/577 ).
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Schindhelm, Katja. "Chaos im Hormonhaushalt – wie Rhythmische Hormontherapie beim Tier helfen kann." Zeitschrift für Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin 34, no. 01 (February 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0942-5090.
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ZusammenfassungChronische Entgleisungen des Hormonhaushalts beruhen zumeist auf einer Schwäche der Hypophyse, in deren Folge die untergeordneten endokrinen Drüsen weniger Hormone produzieren und ausschütten. Ziel der Rhythmischen Hormontherapie ist, durch alternierende Anwendung endokriner Komplexmittel die Drüsen wieder zu vermehrter Tätigkeit zu stimulieren, statt die fehlenden Hormone zu substituieren. Gleichzeitig soll das gestörte Gleichgewicht der Chakren behoben werden. Somit schlägt die Rhythmische Hormontherapie eine Brücke zwischen der körperlichen und energetischen Behandlung. Sie ist kompatibel zu allen anderen Therapieformen und kann deshalb als regulative Basistherapie eingesetzt werden.
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Weisenseel, Peter. "Psoriasis als Ursache für Infertilität beim Mann: Eine unter vielen." Kompass Dermatologie 5, no. 4 (2017): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000479449.
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Hintergrund: Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass ein systemischer Entzündungszustand die Fruchtbarkeit beeinträchtigen könnte, doch es liegen nur wenig Daten zu Männern mit Psoriasis vor. Ziel: Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Beurteilung der Keimdrüsenfunktion bei Männern mit Psoriasis unter Anwendung unseres Wissens über Fertilität bei diesen Patienten. Methoden: Männer mit Psoriasis im Alter zwischen 18 und 55 Jahren und eine Gruppe nach Alter, BMI und geographischer Herkunft parallelisierter gesunder Probanden wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Bei allen Teilnehmern wurden eine umfassende körperliche und andrologische Untersuchung, Standard-Spermaanalyse, vollständige mikrobiologische Analyse und Ultraschalluntersuchung der Geschlechtsdrüsen durchgeführt. Die suPAR-Konzentration im Sperma (soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor) sowie die Serumkonzentrationen von Testosteron, Estradiol (E2), SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin), luteinisierendem Hormon und follikelstimulierendem Hormon wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Ergebnisse: 50 Patienten und 50 Kontrollpersonen erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien und wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Die Testosteron- und SHBG-Werte waren bei den Psoriasispatienten signifikant niedriger als in der Kontrollgruppe. Außerdem wurden in der Psoriasisgruppe höhere E2-Konzentrationen gemessen. Die Gesamtzahl und Motilität der Spermien sowie der Anteil Spermatozoen mit normaler Morphologie lagen bei den Patienten signifikant niedriger als bei den Kontrollpersonen. Die suPAR-Konzentration war bei den Patienten signifikant höher als bei den Kontrollpersonen und lag oberhalb des Referenzbereichs. Sonographische Anzeichen für eine Inflammation der akzessorischen Drüsen lagen bei 35 der 50 Psoriasispatienten und bei keiner der Kontrollpersonen vor. Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Studie deutet darauf hin, dass unbehandelte Psoriasis die männliche Fertilität beeinträchtigen könnte. Sie hat außerdem ergeben, dass dies in den Auswirkungen einer systemischen Inflammation auf das hormonelle Profil und die Inflammation der akzessorischen Geschlechtsdrüsen begründet sein könnte.
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Nasrabadi, Alireza Nikbakht, Ali Mohammadpour, and Mohammad Fathi. "A New Horizon in Life: Experiences of Patients Receiving Chemotherapy." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 4 (July 31, 2015): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p102.
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<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>The treatment quality of diseases can affect the patient’s experience. Due to its different complications among cancer patients, the experience of chemotherapy is unique. The present study was conducted to explore the lived experience among cancer patients who had received chemotherapy.</p> <p><strong>METHODS:</strong> The study was conducted by a qualitative approach and a phenomenological method. In so doing, 12 cancer patients who had received chemotherapy were purposefully selected were interviewed using an in-depth method. After the required data were collected, they were analyzed by Tanner, Allen, Diekelmann method.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Analysis of the collected data indicated that the experience of chemotherapy appeared as “a new horizon in life” for the patients. Secondary themes of the new horizon in life included rebirth, understanding of life values, dependence, and need.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> According to the results of the study, it was concluded that in addition to taking into providing mental-spiritual support and reducing the complications of the treatment, nurses in chemotherapy wards should pay attention to the experiences of the patients receiving chemotherapy and enhance hope and positive attitude among them.</p>
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Choi, Jin-Ho, Ja Hyang Cho, Ja Hye Kim, Eun-Gyong Yoo, Gu-Hwan Kim, and Han-Wook Yoo. "Variable Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Spectrum of Patients with Syndromes of Reduced Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormone: Genetic Defects in the THRB and SLC16A2 Genes." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 90, no. 5 (2018): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493468.
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Background/Aims: Syndromes of reduced sensitivity to thyroid hormone can be caused by innate resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), thyroid hormone cell transporter defects, or thyroid hormone metabolism defects. This study was performed to describe clinical, endocrinological, and molecular characteristics of patients with disorders associated with impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone due to THRB or SLC16A2 mutations. Methods: This study included 5 probands (1 male and 4 females) with RTH and 6 patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS). Clinical features and endocrine findings were reviewed retrospectively. Molecular analysis of two candidate genes, THRB or SLC16A2, confirmed the diagnosis. Results: Among RTH patients, median age at diagnosis was 5.6 years. Three patients were classified as having generalized RTH, whereas the other 2 patients were regarded as having isolated pituitary RTH. Three novel heterozygous mutations and 2 known mutations in THRB were identified from 5 independent pedigrees. All mutations were located in the major ligand-binding domain. In AHDS patients, delayed development was apparent between 3 and 6 months of age. Direct sequencing of SLC16A2 identified 6 hemizygous missense mutations in each patient: p.I188N, p.G221R, p.A224V, p.G276R, p.W398R, and p.G401R. Conclusions: This study identified 3 novel mutations in THRB in RTH patients and 1 novel mutation in SLC16A2 in AHDS patients. Routine neonatal screening based on the TSH assay has a limited role in detecting RTH or AHDS. Therefore, genetic testing of the candidate genes THRB and SLC16A2 should be performed for diagnosis of RTH and AHDS in patients with the suggestive clinical phenotype.
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Grijota-Martínez, Carmen, Diego Díez, Gabriella Morreale de Escobar, Juan Bernal, and Beatriz Morte. "Lack of Action of Exogenously Administered T3 on the Fetal Rat Brain Despite Expression of the Monocarboxylate Transporter 8." Endocrinology 152, no. 4 (February 8, 2011): 1713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1014.
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Abstract Mutations of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 gene (MCT8, SLC16A2) cause the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, an X-linked syndrome of severe intellectual deficit and neurological impairment. Mct8 transports thyroid hormones (T4 and T3), and the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome is likely caused by lack of T3 transport to neurons during critical periods of fetal brain development. To evaluate the role of Mct8 in thyroid hormone action in the fetal brain we administered T4 or T3 to thyroidectomized pregnant dams treated with methyl-mercapto-imidazol to produce maternal and fetal hypothyroidism. Gene expression was then measured in the fetal cerebral cortex. T4 increased Camk4, Sema3c, and Slc7a3 expression, but T3 was without effect. To investigate the cause for the lack of T3 action we analyzed the expression of organic anion transport polypeptide (Oatp14, Slco1c1), a T4 transporter, and Mct8 (Slc16a2), a T4 and T3 transporter, by confocal microscopy. Both proteins were present in the brain capillaries forming the blood-brain barrier and in the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. It is concluded that T4 from the maternal compartment influences gene expression in the fetal cerebral cortex, possibly after transport via organic anion transporter polypeptide and/or Mct8, and conversion to T3 in the astrocytes. On the other hand, T3 does not reach the target neurons despite the presence of Mct8. The data indicate that T4, through local deiodination, provides most T3 in the fetal rat brain. The role of Mct8 as a T3 transporter in the fetal rat brain is therefore uncertain.
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Wardani, Ika Kusuma, Anis Prabowo, and Grahita bara Brilianti. "Efektifitas Terapi Spiritual Wudhu Untuk Mengontrol Emosi Pada Pasien Resiko Perilaku Kekerasan." Tens : Trends of Nursing Science 1, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36760/tens.v1i1.109.
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Perilaku kekerasan adalah suatu penyakit yang mempengaruhi otak dan menyebabkan timbulnya pikiran, persepsi, emosi, gerakan, perilaku yang aneh dan terganggu. Dalam penanganan pasien dengan masalah risiko perilaku kekerasan dapat dilakukan dengan kombinasi psikofarmakologi dan intervensi psikososial seperti okupasi, terapi keluarga, dan terapi psikoterapi yang menampakkan hasil yang lebih baik. Diketahui terapi spiritual wudhu memiliki efek relaksasi bagi tubuh, sehingga mampu merangsang pengeluaran hormon endorphin dalam tubuh dan menekan hormon adrenalin. Karena wudhu merupakan obat dari Allah berupa dzikrullah sebagaimana disebutkan dalam hadist “sesungguhnya amarah itu dari setan dan setan terbuat dari api. Api akan padam dengan air. Apabila salah seorang dari kalian marah, hendaknya berwudhu” (HR. Abu Daud). Metode Penelitian : metode dalam studi kasus ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi yang meliputi data primer data sekunder serta ditambah menggunakan instrumen studi kasus yang meliputi : pengkajian, diagnosa, intervensi, implementasi, dan evaluasi yang dilakukan pada 2 klien yang mengalami resiko perilaku kekerasan, beragama islam dilakukan selama 6 kali pertemuan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan selama 6 hari klien mampu mengontrol perilaku kekerasan dan pasien menjadi lebih tenang.
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Braun, Doreen, Iva Lelios, Gerd Krause, and Ulrich Schweizer. "Histidines in Potential Substrate Recognition Sites Affect Thyroid Hormone Transport by Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 (MCT8)." Endocrinology 154, no. 7 (April 16, 2013): 2553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-2197.
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Abstract Mutations in monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8; SLC16A2) cause the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, a severe X-linked psychomotor retardation syndrome. MCT8 belongs to the major facilitator superfamily of 12 transmembrane-spanning proteins and transports thyroid hormones across the blood-brain barrier and into neurons. How MCT8 distinguishes thyroid hormone substrates from structurally closely related compounds is not known. The goal of this study was to identify critical amino acids along the transport channel cavity, which participate in thyroid hormone recognition. The fact that T3 is bound between a His-Arg clamp in the crystal structure of the T3 receptor/T3 complex prompted us to investigate whether such a motif might potentially be relevant for T3 recognition in MCT8. We therefore replaced candidate histidines and arginines by site-directed mutagenesis and performed activity assays in MDCK-1 cells and Xenopus oocytes. Histidines were replaced by alanine, phenylalanine, and glutamine to probe for molecular properties like aromatic ring structure and H-bonding properties. It was found that some mutations in His192 and His415 significantly changed substrate transport kinetics. Arg301 at the intracellular end of the substrate channel is at an ideal distance to His415 to participate in a His-Arg clamp and mutation to alanine-abrogated hormone transport. Molecular modeling demonstrates a perfect fit of T3 poised into the substrate channel between His415 and Arg301 and observing the same geometry as in the T3 receptor.
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Mihsler, Lisa, Henrik Wagner, and Axel Wehrend. "Unterdrückung von Sexualverhalten und Fortpflanzung beim männlichen kleinen Wiederkäuer." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 44, no. 03 (2016): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15653/tpg-151145.
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ZusammenfassungDer Umgang und die Haltung männlicher kleiner Wiederkäuer sind ab Eintritt der Geschlechtsreife oft mit erheblichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden. Die Kastration stellt derzeit die sicherste Methode zur Lösung dieses Problems dar. Eine Alternative wären medikamentöse Verfahren zur temporären Ausschaltung der Gonadenfunktion. Nach einem kurzen Überblick zur chirurgischen Kastration wird anhand einer Übersicht der Literatur das derzeitige Wissen zur Anwendung von Vakzinen gegen Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon (GnRH) sowie zur Verabreichung von GnRH-Agonisten beim Schafund Ziegenbock dargestellt. Beim Schafbock wurde die GnRH-Vakzination unabhängig vom Alter zum Zeitpunkt des Behandlungsbeginns erfolgreich zur temporären Unterdrückung der Fortpflanzung eingesetzt. Für den Ziegenbock liegen weniger Untersuchungen vor. Eine vollständige Unterdrückung der Spermatogenese gelingt nicht in allen Fällen. Die Verabreichung von GnRH-Agonisten stellt derzeit keine als sicher zu bezeichnende Methode zur Unterdrückung der Gonadenfunktion dar.
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Yousefi, S., and M. A. Azari. "Genetic effect of growth hormone gene on yearling weight and wool traits in Zel sheep (Brief Report)." Archives Animal Breeding 55, no. 3 (October 10, 2012): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-55-303-2012.
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Abstract. The growth hormoe (GH) gene is a candidate for growth in sheep, since plays an important role in growth regulation and development (Boyd & Bauman 1989). Most genetic studies on the growth of sheep have concentrated on birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight (Bathaei & Leroy 1998). Pereira et al. (2005) found significant effect for bovine growth hormone (bGH) genotype on yearling weight. Tambasco et al. (2003) observed a positive association between genotype LV and daily body weight gain from weaning to yearling in Bos Taurs x Bos indicus crosses. Wool traits like greasy fleece weight, clean yield, fiber diameter and its coefficient of variation are very important selection goals in sheep breeding programs, however new traits such as staple strength and staple length are of increasing importance in the wool industry (Forgarty 2006). Initial observations using daily injections of crude pituitary extracts showed that wool growth decreased by 17 % during the second treatment period (Ferguson 1954). Allain et al. (1998) found segregation for coefficient of variation of fiber diameter and staple length on chromosomes 3 and 4 in a composite sheepline (INRA401). Zel sheep is raised in North of Iran. This sheep is a native non-fat tailed breed with small-sized (Saadat-Noori & Siah-Mansoor 1990). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between GH genotypes and wool traits and yearling weight using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method in Zel sheep.
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de Vrieze, Erik, Sandra M. W. van de Wiel, Jan Zethof, Gert Flik, Peter H. M. Klaren, and Francisco J. Arjona. "Knockdown of Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 (mct8) Disturbs Brain Development and Locomotion in Zebrafish." Endocrinology 155, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 2320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1962.
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Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is an inherited disorder of brain development characterized by severe psychomotor retardation. This X-linked disease is caused by mutations in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), an important thyroid hormone transporter in brain neurons. MCT8-knockout mice lack the 2 major neurological symptoms of AHDS, namely locomotor problems and cognitive impairment. The pathological mechanism explaining the symptoms is still obscure, and no cure for this condition is known. The development of an animal model that carries MCT8-related neurological symptoms is warranted. We have employed morpholino-based gene knockdown to create zebrafish deficient for mct8. Knockdown of mct8 results in specific symptoms in the thyroid axis and brain. The mct8-morphants showed impaired locomotor behavior and brain development. More specifically, we observed maldevelopment of the cerebellum and mid-hindbrain boundary and apoptotic clusters in the zebrafish brain. The mRNA expression of zebrafish orthologs of mammalian TSH, thyroid hormone transporters, and deiodinases was altered in mct8 morphants. In particular, deiodinase type 3 gene expression was consistently up-regulated in zebrafish mct8 morphants. The thyroid hormone metabolite tetrac, but not T3, partly ameliorated the affected phenotype and locomotion disability of morphant larvae. Our results show that mct8 knockdown in zebrafish larvae results in disturbances in the thyroid axis, brain, and locomotion behavior, which is congruent with the clinical aspect of impaired locomotion and cognition in patients with AHDS. Taken together, the zebrafish is a suitable animal model for the study of the pathophysiology of AHDS.
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Zung, Amnon, Theo J. Visser, André G. Uitterlinden, Fernando Rivadeneira, and Edith C. H. Friesema. "A child with a deletion in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 gene: 7-year follow-up and effects of thyroid hormone treatment." European Journal of Endocrinology 165, no. 5 (November 2011): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-11-0358.
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ObjectiveThe monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8; SLC16A2) has a pivotal role in neuronal triiodothyronine (T3) uptake. Mutations of this transporter determine a distinct X-linked psychomotor retardation syndrome (Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome (AHDS)) that is attributed to disturbed thyroid hormone levels, especially elevated T3 levels. We describe the genetic analysis of the MCT8 gene in a patient suspected for AHDS and the clinical and endocrine effects of L-thyroxine (LT4) or liothyronine (LT3) treatment intending to overcome the T3 uptake resistance through alternative transporters.MethodsThe six exons of the MCT8 gene were amplified individually by PCR. As multiple exons were missing, the length of the X-chromosomal deletion was determined by a dense SNP array, followed by PCR-based fine mapping to define the exact borders of the deleted segment. The clinical and endocrine data of the patient during 6.5 years of LT4 treatment and two periods (3 months each) of low- and high-dose LT3 were evaluated.ResultsA partial deletion of the MCT8 gene (comprising five of six exons) was detected, confirming the suspected AHDS. MCT8 dysfunction was associated with partial resistance to T3 at the hypothalamus and pituitary level, with normal responsiveness at the peripheral organs (liver and cardiovascular system). Thyroid hormone administration had no beneficial effect on the neurological status of the patient.ConclusionWe identified a 70 kb deletion encompassing exons 2–6 of the MCT8 gene in our AHDS patient. Both LT4 and LT3 administration had no therapeutic effect. Alternatively, treatment of AHDS patients with thyroid hormone analogs should be considered.
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Rebhan, Daniela. "AMH – Ovarreserve nach onkologischen Erkrankungen." Journal für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie/Schweiz 23, no. 3 (September 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41975-020-00153-0.
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Zusammenfassung Onkologische Erkrankungen im Kindesalter und jungen Erwachsenenalter haben nicht selten eine gute Prognose. Entsprechend wird für Betroffene früher oder später die Frage relevant, inwieweit nach einer onkologischen Behandlung die Fertilität beeinträchtigt ist. Nicht nur der Zeitraum der Fertilität, sondern auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines vorzeitigen Ovarialversagens mit allen Risiken eines längerfristigen Östrogenmangels ist für die Lebensplanung der Frauen wichtig. Mittlerweile können vor Behandlung fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen angeboten werden. Sie bieten manchmal die einzige Chance, auf ovarielle Reserven nach Behandlung zurückgreifen zu können, sind aber nicht immer nötig und von späterem Nutzen. Das Anti-Müller-Hormon (AMH) hat sich als validester Marker für die Beurteilung der ovariellen Reserve herausgestellt. Mithilfe dessen sind Prognosen über die Ovarreserve vor und nach der onkologischen Therapie möglich. Dies erleichtert die Entscheidung für die Indikation für fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen und kann wegweisend in der Lebensplanung der Frauen und Familien sein.
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Braun, Doreen, and Ulrich Schweizer. "Efficient Activation of Pathogenic ΔPhe501 Mutation in Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 by Chemical and Pharmacological Chaperones." Endocrinology 156, no. 12 (September 14, 2015): 4720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1393.
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Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter expressed in many cell types, including neurons. Mutations that inactivate transport activity of MCT8 cause severe X-linked psychomotor retardation in male patients, a syndrome originally described as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. Treatment options currently explored the focus on finding thyroid hormone-like compounds that bypass MCT8 and enter cells through different transporters. Because MCT8 is a multipass transmembrane protein, some pathogenic mutations affect membrane trafficking while potentially retaining some transporter activity. We explore here the effects of chemical and pharmacological chaperones on the expression and transport activity of the MCT8 mutant ΔPhe501. Dimethylsulfoxide, 4-phenylbutyric acid as well as its sodium salt, and the isoflavone genistein increase T3 uptake into MDCK1 cells stably transfected with mutant MCT8-ΔPhe501. We show that ΔPhe501 represents a temperature-sensitive mutant protein that is stabilized by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. 4-Phenylbutyrate has been used to stabilize ΔPhe508 mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein and is in clinical use in patients with urea cycle defects. Genistein is enriched in soy and available as a nutritional supplement. It is effective in stabilizing MCT8-ΔPhe501 at 100 nM concentration. Expression of the L471P mutant is increased in response to phenylbutyrate, but T3 uptake activity is not induced, supporting the notion that the chaperone specifically increases membrane expression. Our findings suggest that certain pathogenic MCT8 mutants may be responsive to (co-)treatment with readily available compounds, which increase endogenous protein function.
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Christ-Crain. "Prokalzitonin als Marker bei Infektionen." Praxis 96, no. 25 (June 1, 2007): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157.96.25.1017.
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Prokalzitonin ist das Pro-Hormon von Kalzitonin. Im Gegensatz zu Kalzitonin, welches primär in der Schilddrüse gebildet wird, wird Prokalzitonin bei einer bakteriellen Infektion im ganzen Körper von allen Organen produziert. Prokalzitonin ist anderen Infektionsmarkern bei verschiedenen Infektionen diagnostisch überlegen. So wurde eine bessere diagnostische Zuverlässigkeit in der Unterscheidung viraler und bakterieller Infektionen bei Sepsis, akuter Endokarditis, Meningitis, Pankreatitis und Pyelonephritis gezeigt. Bei Atemwegsinfektionen, dem Hauptgrund für eine Sepsis, konnten aufgrund der diagnostischen Eigenschaften die Antibiotikaverschreibungen signifikant reduziert werden, sowohl im Spital als auch in der Hausarztpraxis. Obwohl Prokalzitonin besser als andere Infektionsmarker zwischen viralen und bakteriellen Infektionen unterscheiden kann, ist Prokalzitonin jedoch kein perfekter Marker für Infektionen. So kann es bei nicht-infektiösen Situationen wie zum Beispiel nach Traumen, bei Malaria oder einem medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom falsch hoch sein und bleibt bei streng lokalisierten Infektionen oft falsch tief. Wie jeder andere Infektionsmarker sollte Prokalzitonin immer im Kontext einer ausführlichen Anamnese und klinischen Untersuchung interpretiert werden. Dann jedoch kann mittels Prokalzitonin die Diagnose eines bakteriellen Infektes verbessert werden.
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Yuliana, Fitri. "Redemptive-Historical Approach: Suatu Pendekatan Hermeneutis Injili Yang Kristosentris." Veritas : Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v17i2.313.
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Di satu sisi, penekanan modernisme pada rasionalitas dan historisitas telah menghasilkan kristologi yang kritis-objektif. Di sisi lain, pascamodernisme yang berepistemologi pluralis menghasilkan kristologi yang subjektif. Menanggapi dan menjembatani dua sisi persoalan ini, pendekatan hermeneutis redemptive-historical diajukan sebagai pendekatan alternatif injili. Pendekatan yang berpusat pada Kristus sebagai kulminasi sejarah penebusan (seperti yang disaksikan Alkitab) ini mengaitkan tiga horizon yaitu: textual, epochal, dan canonical untuk menginterpretasikan teks Kitab Suci secara holistik. Pendekatan ini menganalisis sintaksis, konteks sastra, konteks sejarah dan genre-nya (textual horizon), mengaitkannya dengan sejarah penebusan (epochal horizon), dan melihatnya dalam terang keutuhan kanon (canonical horizon). Penggabungan ketiga unsur tersebut menekankan dinamika pemenuhan janji Allah dalam kulminasi tersebut. Dengan demikian, pendekatan hermeneutis redemptive historical dapat mengarahkan orang Kristen pembacaan dan penafsiran Alkitab yang kristosentris.
Kata-kata kunci: Pendekatan Redemptive-Historical, Epistemologi, Kristologi Modern Kristologi Pascamodern, Hermeneutika Injili Kristosentris
On the one hand, the emphasis of modernism on rationality and historicity has produced a critical-objective Christology. On the other hand, post-modernism with a pluralist epistemology produces subjective Christology. Responding to, and bridging the two sides of this problem, the redemptive-historical hermeneutical approach is proposed as an alternative evangelical approach. The Christ-centered approach as the culmination of the history of redemption (as witnessed to in the Bible) links three horizons, namely: textual, epochal, and canonical to interpret the text of the Scriptures holistically. This approach analyzes syntax, literary context, historical context and its genre (textual horizon), links it to the history of redemption (epochal horizon), and sees it in the light of the canon (canonical horizon). The combination of these three elements emphasizes the dynamic fulfillment of God’s promises. Thus, the historical redemptive hermeneutical approach can lead Christians to read and interpret the Christocentric Bible.
Keywords: Redemptive-Historical Approach, Epistemology, Modernist Christology, Post-modernist Christology, Christ-centered Evangelical Hermeneutics
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Lowery, Alex W., and Terry Bateman. "Can the Aluminium Industry Learn from another Industry's Catastrophe?" Materials Science Forum 693 (July 2011): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.693.133.
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On April 20, 2010, an explosion rocked the Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico resulting in the deaths of 11 workers. Tens of thousands of documents were released during the investigation for the root cause of the explosion."What emerges is stark and singular fact: crew members died and suffered terrible injuries because every one of the Horizon's defenses failed on April 20. Some were deployed but did not work. Some were activated too late, after they had almost certainly been damaged by fire or explosions. Some were never deployed at all.(Barstow et al. 2011)". Parallels with the aluminium industry standout when comparing the Deepwater Horizon disaster (e.g. violent explosions, damaged equipment, worker deaths and worker injuries). The list of aluminium industry catastrophes is not short: Binzhou Weiqiao Aluminum, Reynolds Alabama, Alcan France, etc. Aluminium plants, just as deepwater oil rigs, value training and safety measures to prevent accidents from occurring. But, on April 20, 2010 every safety measure employed failed, could the safety measures employed in a casthouse to prevent a molten metal steam explosion fail too?
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Yang, Yiying. "On Translation of Cultural Images in Chang Hen Ge from the Perspective of Reception Theory." Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 42, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2019-0031.
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Abstract Based on concepts of horizon of expectation and indeterminacy in reception theory, this paper reports a comparative analysis of Chang Hen Ge, a narrative poem written by Chinese poet Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty, and its English translations by William John Bainbrigge Fletcher, Herbert Allen Giles, Xu Yuanchong as well as Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang. Results are as follows: 1) Xu’s translation is the best in that he adds annotations and combines literal and free translations so as to explicate cultural connotations and underlying implications of images while meeting and broadening target readers’ horizon of expectation. In addition, he tries to replicate figurative characteristics and transform rhetorical techniques of original cultural images to retain the source text’s indeterminacy and aesthetic value and to provide target readers with intense aesthetic experience. 2) There are inappropriate and inaccurate translations of cultural images in all the four English translations, and they are caused by differences in ethnic history, religious belief, mode of thinking, features of English and Chinese as well as the subjectivity of translators.
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Schuler, Gerhard. "Equines Choriongonadotropin: Biologie und veterinärmedizinische Bedeutung." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 48, no. 05 (October 2020): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1235-7973.
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ZusammenfassungDie hypophysären Gonadotropine follikelstimulierendes Hormon (FSH) und luteinisierendes Hormon (LH) spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Steuerung der Gonadenfunktionen. Daher ist ihr Einsatz in der Therapie von Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen (z. B. Azyklie) sowie in der Biotechnologie (z. B. Superovulation, Hormonprogramme zur Zyklussynchronisation) prinzipiell von hohem Interesse. Präparationen von FSH bzw. LH sind aufgrund der aufwendigen Gewinnung aus Hypophysengewebe relativ teuer und daher besonderen Anwendungen vorbehalten. Bei Primaten- und Equidenarten wurde die Expression eines LH-ähnlichen Moleküls im Chorionepithel nachgewiesen (Choriongonadotropin, CG). Equines CG (eCG) weist außer bei Equiden, bei denen es ausschließlich an LH-Rezeptoren bindet, bei allen bei uns üblichen Haussäugetierspezies neben seiner LH-Aktivität eine außerordentlich hohe FSH-Aktivität auf („duale Wirkung“). Seit seiner Markteinführung kommt ihm daher eine hohe Bedeutung als vergleichsweise kostengünstiges FSH-Analogon vorwiegend zur Anwendung bei Wiederkäuern und Schwein zu. Im Gegensatz zu dem als LH-Analogon eingesetzten humanen CG (hCG), das nicht invasiv aus dem Urin schwangerer Frauen isoliert werden kann, muss die Gewinnung von eCG aus dem Blut trächtiger Spenderstuten erfolgen, da im Urin nur minimale eCG-Konzentrationen vorliegen. Nach Berichten über Todesfälle und Leiden von Spenderstuten im Zusammenhang mit der eCG-Gewinnung in südamerikanischen Haltungen ist das derzeitige Verfahren der eCG-Produktion zunehmend in die öffentliche Kritik geraten, was zuletzt in Forderungen nach einem generellen Verbot mündete. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist daher, den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zu Eigenschaften und Biologie dieses auch aus Sicht der Grundlagenwissenschaft hochinteressanten Moleküls kurz zusammenzufassen.
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Breen, Colin, Wes Forsythe, Paul Lane, Tom McErlean, Rosemary McConkey, Athman Lali Omar, Rory Quinn, and Brian Williams. "Ulster and the Indian Ocean? Recent maritime archaeological research on the East African coast." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (December 2001): 797–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089304.
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In January 2001, a team of researchers from the University of Ulster (Northern Ireland) conducted an innovative maritime archaeology project on the East African coast in partnership with the British Institute in Eastern Africa and the National Museums of Kenya. Its focus was Mombasa Island on the southern Kenyan coast, a historical settlement and port for nearly 2000 years (Berg 1968; Sassoon 1980; 1982). The East African seaboard, stretching from Somalia in the north to Madagascar and Mozambique in the south, was culturally dynamic throughout the historical period. This area, traditionally known as the Swahili coast, is culturally defined as a maritime zone extending 2000 km from north to south, but reaching a mere 15 hi inland. The origins of ‘Swahili’ cultural identity originated during the middle of the 1st millennium AD, following consolidation of earlier farming and metalusing Bantu-speaking communities along the coast and emergence of a distinctive ‘maritime’ orientation and set of cultural traditions (eg Allen 1993; Chami 1998; Helm 2000; Horton & Middelton 2000). Previous research produced evidence of exploitation of marine resources for food and an early engagement in longdistance exchange networks, linking parts ofthis coast with the Classical world by at least the BC/AD transition.
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Rowland, Stephen M., Veronica A. Luchinina, Igor V. Korovnikov, Dmitri P. Sipin, Alexander I. Tarletskov, and Artem V. Fedoseev. "Biostratigraphy of the Vendian-Cambrian Sukharikha River section, northwestern Siberian Platform." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e98-002.
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The Sukharikha River section contains more than 800 m of fossiliferous Vendian and Lower Cambrian carbonate rock deposited in ramp, shelf, and slope environments. A diverse fauna of small shelly fossils, calcibionts, brachiopods, trilobites, and archaeocyaths has allowed us to develop a multi-taxa biostratigraphic framework for this section. A dearth of distinctive fossils low in the Sukharikha Formation prevents us from determining the position of the Vendian-Cambrian boundary. Abundant small shelly fossils and archaeocyaths in the uppermost Sukharikha Formation and low in the Krasnoporog Formation provide ample biostratigraphic control near the base of the Tommotian Stage, but the Nemakit-Daldynian - Tommotian boundary, as defined at Ulakhan-Sulugur on the Aldan River, is temporally ambiguous. For this reason there is no precise definition of this boundary. In the Sukharikha River section we have provisionally placed the base of the Tommotian Stage at the first occurrence of Nochoroicyathus sunnaginicus Zone archaeocyaths, about 1.5 m below the top of the Sukharikha Formation. However, we suppose that this horizon actually predates the deposition of nominally basal Tommotian taxa in the Aldan region. A new global stratotype section for the Nemakit-Daldynian - Tommotian boundary should be selected, and this section may turn out to be a good candidate. The paleontological richness (especially small shelly fossils and archaeocyaths), the apparent absence of long depositional hiatuses, and the presence of well-preserved limestones suggest that the Sukharikha River section contains the combination of paleontological, sedimentological, and isotopic data to resolve some fundamental problems in Early Cambrian stratigraphy.
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Winter, Franz. "Searching for the Hidden “One”: Muslim and Early European Interpretations of the Indian Upaniṣads." Numen 65, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 28–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341487.
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AbstractThe Upaniṣads are commonly regarded as the ultimate summary of the Indian Weltanschauung. This high esteem is the result of a rather convoluted history of reception in different cultural environments. The article draws on their first interpretations in the Muslim and the European horizon, which are closely interconnected by a fascinating story of translation, namely the Sirr-i akbar of the Mughal prince Dārā Shukūh (1615–1659) and the Oupnek’hat by A. H. Anquetil-Duperron (1731–1805). As will be argued, both mediators have a comparable attitude towards the Indian corpus, and their search for the “one” (= God = Allah) is deeply rooted in perceptions of a single “sacred book” containing the ultimate expression of the truth, which is the object of a “hidden” transmission undetected so far. The goal of this article is to present the common features of their approaches based on a detailed historical examination of the available material.
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El-Bassiouny, Noha M., Jonathan A. J. Wilson, and Suzan Esmat. "An Islamic macromarketing perspective on sustainability." Journal of Islamic Marketing 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-09-2015-0069.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a new conceptualization of sustainability. The authors adopt a macromarketing perspective based on Islamic traditions while delving into divine attributes (Asmaa’ Allah-ul-Husna) as an extension to the foundational principle of God-consciousness that lies at the heart of Islamic theology and jurisprudence. Design/methodology/approach This approach relies on identifying and extending the conceptual overlaps between the literature domains of sustainability, Islamic macromarketing and Islamic theology. Findings Through adopting an Islamic lens, the authors identify that relating to divinity empowers the Muslim faithful to mediate between the transient and transcendent, and to make judgments according to the attributes of their creator Allah (the Abrahamic monotheistic God). Research limitations/implications The paper adopts a conceptual approach that expands the concept of sustainability from an Islamic perspective to take on a holistic systems approach. Practical implications By making these links, the implications are fivefold: the imperative to strive for sustainable activities has greater resonance; the remit of sustainability is wider; the time horizon for accountability is extended; greater risk-tasking is encouraged; and, finally, sustainability is embedded and diffused throughout business activities – as opposed to being an upstream strategic objective. Social implications The merge in conceptualization between sustainability and Islamic macromarketing can prove relevant to scholars delving into the new realm of Islamic macromarketing, as well as to both Muslim and non-Muslim communities in their quest for sustainable development. Originality/value The paper is original in identifying an unprecedented perspective on sustainability, namely, “Islamic-macromarketing sustainability”, which warrants further future research related to the different stakeholders involved in the Islamic macromarketing system.
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Blim, Sarah, Desiree Schupp, and Hartwig Bostedt. "Das Schwein in der peripartalen Periode: klinische, ethologische, endokrinologische und stoffwechselbezogene Aspekte." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 48, no. 06 (December 2020): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1274-9057.
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ZusammenfassungZiel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist, einen Überblick über die relevante Literatur zum Geburtsgeschehen beim Schwein zu schaffen. Wie bei allen Säugetieren wird die Geburt beim Schwein in 3 Phasen (I–III) unterteilt (Öffnungs-, Austreibungs-, direktes Nachgeburtsstadium), in denen diverse essenzielle endokrine und metabolische Regulationsmechanismen den Partus einleiten respektive unterhalten. Hierzu zählen u. a. die Hormone Progesteron, Kortisol, Prostaglandin F2α, Oxytozin, Estradiol, Relaxin, aber auch Elektrolyte, Enzyme und Stoffwechselprodukte wie Kalzium, Magnesium, anorganisches Phosphat, Glukose, Kreatinkinase, Laktat, nicht veresterte freie Fettsäuren und β-Hydroxybutyrat. Liegen, allgemein gesagt, exo- oder endogene Störfaktoren vor, kommt es zu Verzögerungen oder gar zum Erliegen der Wehenmechanik. Als möglicher exogener Störfaktor kann z. B. die Haltungsform angesehen werden. Endogene Störfaktoren können durch die insuffiziente Speicherung und/oder Ausschüttung der genannten partusrelevanten Parameter entstehen. Ein solcher dystokischer Zustand stört die reproduktive Fitness des Mutterschweins temporär oder dauerhaft und beeinträchtigt die Vitalität der Neonaten unmittelbar post natum, was die Überlebensrate verringern kann.
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Mirlashari, Jila, Sousan Valizadeh, Elham Navab, Jenene W. Craig, and Fatemeh Ghorbani. "Dark and Bright—Two Sides of Family-Centered Care in the NICU: A Qualitative Study." Clinical Nursing Research 28, no. 7 (February 19, 2018): 869–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773818758171.
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Nurses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) have an important role in implementing family-centered care (FCC). The aim of the study was to explore the lived experiences of NICU nurses on implementing FCC. An interpretative phenomenological study was conducted and 11 employed nurses were interviewed from April 2015 to February 2016. The data were analyzed through the Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner approach. Four main themes of “strain to achieve stability,” “bewildered by taking multiple roles,” “accepting the family,” and “reaching bright horizon” were extracted. This study provided deeper understanding about nurses’ perceptions of FCC implementation. In Muslim developing countries, FCC implementation is challenging and nurses are under extra pressure because of a shortage in nursing workforce; however, having positive experiences with family participation and valuing theism beliefs allowed them to support family involvement. Support of nurses to take FCC strategies in the NICU is needed by officials overseeing the health care system.
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Jácome Roca, Alfredo. "Stein, Leventhal y el síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos." Revista Colombiana de Endocrinología, Diabetes & Metabolismo 5, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53853/encr.5.4.454.
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Fragmento
Para las primeras décadas del siglo XX ya existia un conocimiento aceptable sobre el ciclo menstrual, la funcion ovárica y las hormonas femeninas, en particular la potente actividad estrogénica de la orina de las mujeres embarazadas encontrada por serendipia en 1928 (Ascheim y Zondek). Papanicolau había demostrado la fluctuación hormonal durante el ciclo por sus citologías y en 1929 Doisy y Butenandt aislarían la estrona de la orina de las embarazadas y descubrirían la estructura de la estrona cristalizada, como un esteroide. Gracias a esto, los químicos aprendieron a manipular las moléculas esteroides, generando la posibilidad de su síntesis química. En 1935 se aisló el 17- beta estradiol, considerado el estrógeno natural más potente, lo que se logró a partir de 4 toneladas de ovarios porcinos; de esta enorme cantidad de tejido, solo se sacaron 10 mg de hormona cristalizada. Cinco años antes, Corner y Allen, en la Universidad de Rochester, descubrieron la progesterona.
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Kim, Min Joung, and Steven Petratos. "Oligodendroglial Lineage Cells in Thyroid Hormone-Deprived Conditions." Stem Cells International 2019 (April 30, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5496891.
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Oligodendrocytes are supporting glial cells that ensure the metabolism and homeostasis of neurons with specific synaptic axoglial interactions in the central nervous system. These require key myelinating glial trophic signals important for growth and metabolism. Thyroid hormone (TH) is one such trophic signal that regulates oligodendrocyte maturation, myelination, and oligodendroglial synaptic dynamics via either genomic or nongenomic pathways. The intracellular and extracellular transport of TH is facilitated by a specific transmembrane transporter known as the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). Dysfunction of the MCT8 due to mutation, inhibition, or downregulation during brain development leads to inherited hypomyelination, which manifests as psychomotor retardation in the X-linked inherited Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS). In particular, oligodendroglial-specific MCT8 deficiency may restrict the intracellular T3 availability, culminating in deficient metabolic communication between the oligodendrocytes and the neurons they ensheath, potentially promulgating neurodegenerative adult diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on the therapeutic effects exhibited by TH in various preclinical studies, particularly related to its remyelinating potential, TH has now entered the initial stages of a clinical trial to test the therapeutic efficacy in relapsing-remitting MS patients (NCT02506751). However, TH analogs, such as DITPA or Triac, may well serve as future therapeutic options to rescue mature oligodendrocytes and/or promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation in an environment of MCT8 deficiency within the CNS. This review outlines the therapeutic strategies to overcome the differentiation blockade of oligodendrocyte precursors and maintain mature axoglial interactions in TH-deprived conditions.
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Allen, David L., Jon K. Linderman, Roland R. Roy, Richard E. Grindeland, Venkat Mukku, and V. Reggie Edgerton. "Growth hormone/IGF-I and/or resistive exercise maintains myonuclear number in hindlimb unweighted muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 1857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.1857.
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Allen, David L., Jon K. Linderman, Roland R. Roy, Richard E. Grindeland, Venkat Mukku, and V. Reggie Edgerton. Growth hormone/IGF-I and/or resistive exercise maintains myonuclear number in hindlimb unweighted muscles. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(5): 1857–1861, 1997.—In the present study of rats, we examined the role, during 2 wk of hindlimb suspension, of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I (GH/IGF-I) administration and/or brief bouts of resistance exercise in ameliorating the loss of myonuclei in fibers of the soleus muscle that express type I myosin heavy chain. Hindlimb suspension resulted in a significant decrease in mean soleus wet weight that was attenuated either by exercise alone or by exercise plus GH/IGF-I treatment but was not attenuated by hormonal treatment alone. Both mean myonuclear number and mean fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of fibers expressing type I myosin heavy chain decreased after 2 wk of suspension compared with control (134 vs. 162 myonuclei/mm and 917 vs. 2,076 μm2, respectively). Neither GH/IGF-I treatment nor exercise alone affected myonuclear number or fiber CSA, but the combination of exercise and growth-factor treatment attenuated the decrease in both variables. A significant correlation was found between mean myonuclear number and mean CSA across all groups. Thus GH/IGF-I administration and brief bouts of muscle loading had an interactive effect in attenuating the loss of myonuclei induced by chronic unloading.
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Ribeiro, J., N. Lauzon, J. Rousselle, H. T. Trung, and J. D. Salas. "Comparaison de deux modèles pour la prévision journalière en temps réel des apports naturels." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-099.
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This study presents a comparison of the performances of two models used for real-time forecasting of daily inflows to the Chute-du-Diable and the Lac-Saint-Jean reservoirs, and the daily flows measured on the Mistassibi River basin. The three drainage basins are located in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean water system. The first model, a conceptual one, is a global deterministic model that is currently being used by Alcan (Aluminum Company of Canada) to predict daily flows in real time. The second model, which forms the primary focus of this study, is based on the structure of models commonly known as "black-box" models, a generalized formulation of the autoregressive moving average models with exogeneous variable of Box and Jenkins (ARMAX). The Kalman filter is coupled with this model to enable day-to-day adjustment of estimated parameters. Autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses on the data have made it possible to establish the preliminary structure of the black-box model, that is, one per basin. The final structure was chosen following a sensitivity analysis on the parameters. The models retained are all ARMAX models, the statistical behavior of the residuals having demonstrated their adequacy. Comparison of these ARMAX models with Kalman filter and the deterministic model have led to the following conclusion: the ARMAX models with the Kalman filter are superior to the deterministic model for daily prediction in real time within a horizon of 2 days. For a 3-day horizon, the models are, for practical purposes, equivalent. For a horizon of 4 days or more, the deterministic model is superior to the ARMAX models with Kalman filter.Key words: forecasting, black-box models, Kalman filter, deterministic model, natural inflows.
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Mangkuji,, Betty, Yusniar Siregar, and Bebi Lovita. "PENGARUH SEDUHAN TEH DAUN BANGUN-BANGUN TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI DI DESA SELAYANG WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SELESAI KECAMATAN SELESAI KABUPATEN LANGKAT TAHUN 2018." Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) 13, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v13i1.135.
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Air susu ibu (ASI) adalah sebuah cairan tanpa tanding ciptaan Allah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi bayidan melindunginya melawan kemungkinan serangan penyakit. Produksi ASI dipengaruhi oleh dua hormone,yaitu prolaktin dan oksitosin serta laktogagum dalam bahan makanan mampu meningkatkan produksi ASIsehingga daun bangun-bangun cocok untuk peningkatan ASI karena mengandung laktogagum.Tujuanpenelitian: Mengetahui pengaruh daun bangun-bangun terhadap peningkatan produksi ASI pada ibumenyusui di Desa Selayang Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Selesai Kecamatan Selesai Kabupaten Langkat.Metodologi penelitian yaitu menggunakan desain penelitian Quasi Experiment Design dengan menggunakanpendekatan Non-Equevalent Control Group. Penelitian ini melihat bagaimana pengaruh pemberian seduhanteh daun bangun-bangun terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui dengan jumlah sampel 20 orang.HasilPenelitian: Pada hasil penelitian ini didapatkan p value = 0,000 (p value < 0,05) berarti Ho ditolak, yangartinya Ada pengaruhdaunbangun-bangun terhadap produksi ASI di desa SelayangWilayahKerjaPuskesmas Selesai Kecamatan Selesai Kabupaten Langkat tahun 2018.Kesimpulan : Diharapkan agarinstitusi dapat memfasilitasi pengembangan penelitian dengan menambah sumber-sumber buku danmenjalin kerjasama dengan instansi terkait dan pada peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengembangkanpenelitian ini dengan menggunakan daun bangun-bangun sebagai obat herbal untuk menyembuhkanpenyakit lainnya.
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Christ-Crain, Mirjam, Philipp Schuetz, Andreas R. Huber, and Beat Müller. "Procalcitonin und seine Bedeutung für die Diagnose bakterieller Infektionen." Therapeutische Umschau 65, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.65.9.559.
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Procalcitonin ist das Pro-Hormon von Calcitonin. Im Gegensatz zu Calcitonin, welches primär in der Schilddrüse gebildet wird, wird Procalcitonin bei einer bakteriellen Infektion im ganzen Körper von allen parenchymatösen Organen produziert. Insbesondere bei der Diagnosestellung von milderen, lokalisierten oder beginnenden Infektionen muss ein sensitiver Assay verwendet werden mit einer funktionellen Assay Sensitivität, die idealerweise in den Bereich von gesunden Individuen messen kann (etwa 0.02 μg/L). Procalcitonin konnte aufgrund seiner überlegenen diagnostischen Eigenschaften bei Atemwegsinfektionen die initiale Antibiotikaverschreibung, sowie die Dauer der Antibiotikatherapie sowohl im Spital als auch im ambulanten Bereich in der Hausarztpraxis stark (um 40–75%) reduzieren. Prognostisch ist Procalcitonin bei Eintritt zwar anderen Infektionsmarkern überlegen, mit jedoch eingeschränkter Aussagekraft. Insbesondere der Verlauf von Procalcitonin kann aber über die Prognose Auskunft geben: sehr hohe und im Verlauf ansteigende Werte zeigen ein hohes Risiko für ungünstigen Verlauf an. Trotz diesen Vorteilen gegenüber anderen Infektionsmarkern ist Procalcitonin kein perfekter Marker für Infektionen. So kann er falsch hoch sein bei nicht-bakteriellen Erkrankungen wie zum Beispiel posttraumatisch, bei Malaria, bei schwersten Entzündungen oder einem medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom, und bleibt bei streng lokalisierten Infektionen in einem relativ tiefen Bereich. Wie jeder andere Biomarker sollte Procalcitonin deshalb immer im Kontext von gekonnter Anamnese und klinischer Untersuchung interpretiert werden. Dann jedoch kann mittels Procalcitonin die Diagnose eines bakteriellen Infektes deutlich verbessert werden.
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Johannes, Jörg, Doreen Braun, Anita Kinne, Daniel Rathmann, Josef Köhrle, and Ulrich Schweizer. "Few Amino Acid Exchanges Expand the Substrate Spectrum of Monocarboxylate Transporter 10*." Molecular Endocrinology 30, no. 7 (July 1, 2016): 796–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2016-1037.
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Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) belong to the SLC16 family within the major facilitator superfamily of transmembrane transporters. MCT8 is a thyroid hormone transporter mutated in the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, a severe psychomotor retardation syndrome. MCT10 is closely related to MCT8 and is known as T-type amino acid transporter. Both transporters mediate T3 transport, but although MCT8 also transports rT3 and T4, these compounds are not efficiently transported by MCT10, which, in contrast, transports aromatic amino acids. Based on the 58% amino acid identity within the transmembrane regions among MCT8 and MCT10, we reasoned that substrate specificity may be primarily determined by a small number of amino acid differences between MCT8 and MCT10 along the substrate translocation channel. Inspecting the homology model of MCT8 and a structure-guided alignment between both proteins, we selected 8 amino acid positions and prepared chimeric MCT10 proteins with selected amino acids changed to the corresponding amino acids in MCT8. The MCT10 mutant harboring 8 amino acid substitutions was stably expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney 1 cells and found to exhibit T4 transport activity. We then successively reduced the number of amino acid substitutions and eventually identified a minimal set of 2–3 amino acid exchanges which were sufficient to allow T4 transport. The resulting MCT10 chimeras exhibited KM values for T4 similar to MCT8 but transported T4 at a slower rate. The acquisition of T4 transport by MCT10 was associated with complete loss of the capacity to transport Phe, when Tyr184 was mutated to Phe.
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Ramos, Helton Estrela, Melina Morandini, Aurore Carré, Elodie Tron, Corinne Floch, Laurent Mandelbrot, Nathalie Neri, et al. "Pregnancy in women heterozygous for MCT8 mutations: risk of maternal hypothyroxinemia and fetal care." European Journal of Endocrinology 164, no. 2 (February 2011): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-10-0679.
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ContextMonocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8 or SLC16A2) mutations cause X-linked Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome. Heterozygous females are usually asymptomatic, but pregnancy may modify thyroid function and MCT8 is expressed in the placenta, suggesting that maternal and fetal abnormalities might develop even in the absence of MCT8 fetal mutation. Genetic counseling is so far based on X-linked transmission, and prenatal diagnosis is rarely performed.ObjectiveTo describe thyroid function and the prenatal diagnosis in pregnant mothers harboring heterozygous MCT8 mutations and management of the persistent maternal hypothyroxinemia.PatientsTwo women heterozygous for MCT8 mutations (c.1690G>A and c.1393-1G>C) were monitored throughout pregnancy.MethodsPrenatal diagnosis included sex determination, direct MCT8 sequencing, and familial linkage analysis. Ultrasonography and hormonal assays for maternal thyroid function evaluation were performed serially during pregnancy. Neonatal thyroid hormonal status was assessed.ResultsNone of the three fetuses (two males and one female) carried MCT8 mutations. One of the two heterozygous mothers revealed gestational hypothyroxinemia, prompting early levothyroxine (l-T4) therapy until delivery. The second heterozygous mother showed normal thyroid function but was preventively traited by l-T4 and all of the three neonates had normal thyroid hormone levels and thyroid gland at birth, suggesting advantages of prenatal care and/or compensatory mechanisms.ConclusionHeterozygous MCT8 women should be monitored for requirement of l-T4 therapy to prevent fetal and neonatal hypothyroidism and to avoid risk of potential cognitive delay due to gestational hypothyroxinemia. Moreover, when the disease-causing mutation is known and/or the first child is affected, prenatal diagnosis for male fetuses should be assessed early for MCT8 mutations by direct sequencing.
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Stroud, E. "Margaret Pollak David Quentin Borsey Edward James Horgan Annabel Joyce-Jenkins Robert Knox Elizabeth Susan Lear (nee Allen) Eric Samuel Machell Donald Watt MacLean Donald Cameron Watson." BMJ 321, no. 7267 (October 21, 2000): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7267.1024.
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Ritchie, Paul K., Marilyn Ashby, Heather H. Knight, and Allan M. Judd. "Dopamine increases interleukin 6 release and inhibits tumor necrosis factor release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells in vitro." European Journal of Endocrinology 134, no. 5 (May 1996): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1340610.
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Ritchie PK, Ashby M, Knight HH, Judd AM. Dopamine increases interleukin 6 release and inhibits tumor necrosis factor release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells in vitro. Eur J Endocrinol 1996:134:610–6. ISSN 0804–4643 Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are released from the zona glomerulosa of rat adrenal glands. The release of these cytokines from adrenal cells is regulated by interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which are involved in the immune and inflammatory responses. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and angiotensin II, hormones that regulate the adrenal cortex, likewise regulate release of cytokines from adrenal glands. Dopamine inhibits aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex. Therefore, effects of dopamine on IL-6 and TNF release from rat adrenal zona glomerulosa were investigated. Primary cultures of rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells were exposed to test agents and IL-6 and TNF release determined by the 7TD1 and WEHI bioassays, respectively. Dopamine increased basal IL-6 release and potentiated IL-6 release stimulated by ACTH, LPS or IL-1β. Dopamine inhibited basal and secretagogue-stimulated (LPS and IL-1β) TNF release. These effects of dopamine were mediated by D2 receptors because N-04 37, a D2 agonist, had effects on TNF and IL-6 release identical to those of dopamine. Therefore, dopamine, through D2 receptors, regulates the release of IL-6 and TNF from adrenal cells. Because TNF and IL-6 regulate adrenal steroid release, these cytokines may serve as autocrine or paracrine mediators of adrenal gland function. Allan M Judd, Department of Zoology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA