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Shakirzyanov, Anvar, Ilyusya Nikonorova, and Viktoriya Agafonova. "Developing a parent material for breeding forage rye in conditions of Bashkortostan." Agrarian Bulletin of the 199, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-199-8-19-24.
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Abstract. The aim of the research is to create source material for breeding forage rye that combines stable productivity over the years, high protein content in the grain, and low content of water-soluble pentosans. The object of research was winter rye. Research methods Research on these tasks was carried out in 2016–2018 in the conditions of the South-Western Urals using generally accepted methods. The predecessor is dead fallow. Soil is chernozem with a predominance of leached, typical and carbonate varieties with the following agrochemical indicators: humus content in the topsoil – 7–9 %, pH value – 7.2–7.6, total nitrogen in the arable layer of the soil – 0.4 %, mobile potassium and phosphorus (according to Machigin) – respectively 20.5 mg/100 g and 10.2 mg / 100 g of dry soil, calcium – 5.6 %. The recommended rate of mineral fertilizers is N60P60K60. Scientific novelty. For the first time, 3 promising winter rye varieties selected in the Bashkir scientific research Institute and 2 samples of the All-Union Research Institute of Plant Breeding were studied in climatic conditions of south-western Cis-Ural. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) and the water extract viscosity (WEV) were evaluated. The breeding value of plants was studied. Results The main indicators of the nutritional quality of winter rye grain are found to depend on both the variety (genotype) and the influence of external conditions (phenotype). It was detected that the content of water-soluble polysaccharides and the dynamic viscosity of the grain meal water extract are in a linear relationship (r = 0.98). They are unstable indicators and have a variable character. There are two varieties (Kombaynnyay 3 i Krupnozernaya 2) with the lowest WSP and WEV values and a high protein content in the grain. They can serve as source material to develop fodder crops in conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The rye WEV was found to increase significantly in dry years, and decrease in wet years. The comparative evaluation of grain crops showed that the WEV of winter rye exceeded that of winter wheat by 3.5 times, spring wheat by 3.7 times, and winter triticale by 3.1 times. It was found that the samples with lower WSP and WEV indicators had small grains, low grain unit and higher protein content.
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Belkina, Galina L. "The Path to the Institute of Man." Chelovek 32, no. 4 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023620070016685-0.
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The article describes the main stages of the formation of the scientific direction of complex interdisciplinary human research in our country in the 1980s. These stages include: the Second All-Union Conference on the Comprehensive Research of Man (1988), the First All-Union Conference “Man, Science, Society” (1989), the first meeting of the Council of the All-Union Interdepartmental Center for Human Sciences (1989). During these scientific forums, the scientific program of the Institute of Man was discussed. The discussion was attended by philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, historians, physicians, physiologists, geneticists, specialists in the field of technical sciences. During the discussions, proposals were made about the goals and objectives of the research work of the Institute of Man. The problems of man and his future have become aggravated, and ideas for their comprehensive study continue to remain relevant. An overview of documentary materials found in the archive of I.T. Frolov by the Group for the Study of his Creative Legacy of the RAS Institute of Philosophy. The materials are devoted to the main events on the way of the formation of the RAS Institute of Man. These include the transcript of the round table on the topic “Is a Unified Science of Man Possible? Institute of Man — Idea and Reality”, which took place in 1988 within the framework of the Second All-Union Conference on the Comprehensive Research of Man. During the discussion, various conceptual proposals were made for the development of anthropological topics in the country. In addition, the transcripts of the First All-Union Conference “Man, Science, Society”, organized in 1989 by the All-Union Interdepartmental Center for Human Sciences, were studied to discuss the work on the implementation of the State General Academic Program “Man, Science, Society: Comprehensive Research”. Within the framework of the conference, the first meeting of the Council of the All-Union Interdepartmental Center for Human Sciences was held in the Red Hall of the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, at which the structure and forms of work of the Center, the Institute of Man and the journal “Chelovek” were discussed.
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Tsench, Yuliya S. "Agricultural science in the Soviet Union in 1945-1965." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-2-156-170.
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The law on the five-year plan for the restoration and development of the national economy of the USSR for 1946-50 provided for a significant increase in the volume of agricultural machinery. It was necessary to introduce into agricultural production new high-performance tractors, self-propelled combines, mounted machines with hydraulic control, specialized machines for technical, tilled, forage crops. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the achievements of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in 1945-1965. (Materials and methods) Author studied the history of agricultural engineering science development in the USSR in the post-war period on the basis of archival materials and scientific literature. The sources have shown that the creation of new agricultural machinery required the development of research methods, new more effective technologies for design work and the consolidation of efforts of agricultural engineering science, testers and manufacturers of equipment. (Results and discussion) The article presents an analysis of the development of scientific research and technical developments aimed at improving agricultural technologies and agricultural machinery, and intensifying agricultural production. Author have found regional specialized research institutes, specialized design bureaus, and zonal machine-testing stations were established during the period under review. The article notes that the Department of Mechanization of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been significantly strengthened. A crucial role in the development of agricultural engineering science played the leading research institutions in the country, the All-Union Scientific and Research Institute of Mechanization of Agriculture, All-Union Institute of Electrification of Agriculture, All-Union Scientific and Research Technological Institute of Repair and Operation of Machine and Tractor Park, Research Tractor Institute and the National Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural Universities - Moscow, Azov-black sea, Chelyabinsk, Kharkiv institutes of agricultural mechanization, Rostov and Kirovograd institutes of agricultural engineering. (Conclusions) Thanks to the efforts of academic and university scientists, designers and testers, the latest agricultural machines and equipment were created, the introduction of which made it possible to fully meet the country's needs for food and agricultural raw materials.
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Tarbeev, Yu V., V. S. Aleksandrov, N. I. Kolosnitsyn, I. A. Novikov, and V. A. Slaev. "Microgravimetric base survey at the gravimetric station of the all-union scientific-research institute of metrology." Measurement Techniques 38, no. 10 (October 1995): 1067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00990556.
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Uspensky, Arisov, Panova, Khrustalev, and Al Milaji. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALL-UNION INSTITUTE OF HELMINTHOLOGY IS THE WAY OF GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS (to the 90th anniversary of creation)." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 23 (April 18, 2022): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-9-9.2022.23.21-31.
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April 7, 2022 All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Centre VIEV" celebrates the 90th anniversary of the establishment of an independent scientific institution in the field of helminthology in Russia. For the first time in the world, a specialized institute was created, which included all areas of helminthological science. This event was preceded by many years of hard and purposeful work of the founder and first director of the All-Union Institute of Helminthology Konstantin Ivanovich Skryabin, his students and associates. In this work, we have tried to show this way of the formation of scientific thought, the development of scientific methods, the search for and training of helminthologists, the deepening of work, the formulation and solution of a large number of problems. K. I. Skryabin successfully applied the features of the socialist system for the systematic control of helminthiasis in animals, humans and plants, based on a solid foundation of theoretical training. At present, the institute continues to work successfully in the field of veterinary and agronomic parasitology
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Bazyl, Svitlana. "Scientific achievements of All-union Research Institute of Bast Crops employees in the field of hemp (1944 -1991)." Bast and Technical Crops, no. 7(12) (December 1, 2019): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48096/btc.2019.7(12).103-116.
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The article, which is based on the archival documents of the Departmental Archive of the Institute of Bast Crops of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, examines the research activities of the Institute in 1944 - 1991 of the twentieth century in the field of hemp. It was during this period that the newly established scientific institution was able to fully resume its work after World War II and achieve success in the field of breeding, cultivation, processing and harvesting of hemp. During this period, new high-yielding varieties of hemp were bred that did not contain narcotic compounds, the mechanized process of growing and processing industrial and seed crops, as well as the process of primary processing of stems.
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Mussagaliyeva, Arailym, and Roza Mussabekova. "Activities of the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming in the Framework of Combating Soil Erosion in Virgin Regions of Kazakhstan (1960–1970)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2020): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.3.3.
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Introduction. The history of the contribution of Soviet scientists to the development of virgin and fallow lands in Kazakhstan is one of the relevant and new topics in the study of the history of the USSR in modern society. Methods and materials. Studying the history of a large agricultural project of the Soviet Union is necessary to develop new concepts in modern historical science. In Soviet and modern historiography, historians have studied virgin soil as a political and economic reform of the state. In this vein, the contribution of Soviet scientists who solved the issues of environmental and economic efficiency of this agrarian reform was not sufficiently represented. The works do not present the fight against land erosion, organized by the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming located in Northern Kazakhstan. Analysis. For scientific work and research of virgin lands, the opening of the AllUnion Scientific Research Institute of Grain Farming in Northern Kazakhstan was necessary. Famous agricultural scientists worked at the institute; they conducted their research in the fields of Tselinny Krai. Academician A.I. Baraev, breeder, academician V. Kuzmin were among them. They were engaged not only in scientific work, but also in a short time saved the virgin lands of Kazakhstan. Their direct scientific work was related to the fight against land erosion and the protection of soils from wind erosion. At the Institute, scientists created new soil tilling tools and seeders, improved a new farming system, and created new highly productive varieties of crops. The Institute defended dissertations on topics related to the fight against land erosion, and conducted many scientific projects. Results. The work with new sources of local archives of Kazakhstan makes it possible to talk about the enormous contribution of Soviet scientists in the development of virgin and long-fallow lands of the arid North Kazakhstan and the development of agriculture in this region. Their experience and scientific results were invaluable in the agricultural sector of the republic.
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Grynyk, I. V., P. V. Volvach, and B. Ya Panasiuk. "Volodymyr Symyrenko: reformation of the horticultural science and creation of the All-Union Research Institute of fruit and small fruit farming in Kyiv." Horticulture: Interdepartment Subject Scientific Collection, no. 75 (2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35205/0558-1125-2020-75-5-17.
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The paper is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the foundation of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The main stages of the development of the horticultural science in the former USSR, in-cluding Ukraine are presented as well as the role of Volodymyr Symyrenko in this process. His father, the famous pomologist L.P. Symyrenko as early as at the beginning of the industrial horticulture formation stressed that just the scientific support of this branch is the main guarantee of its success. He stated that a profitable industrial orchard, despite the huge investments, can’t be successful without well-studied fruit crops cultivars adapted to the certain area. Only specialized research institutions could manage this task. The first in Russian Empire pomological collection and pomological nursery were created by L.P.Symyrenko in 1887 in the family estate ‘Platoniv farmstead’ near Horodyshche (now Cherkasy region). Thus the countdown of the Ukrainian horticultural science and industrial fruit growing should be conducted from this time. The scientist was the author of a number of outstanding scientific works, in particular "Crimean industrial horticulture" (1912), and the paper ‘Pomology’ is even now hand book for millions of scientists and manufacturers of horticultural products not only in Ukraine but also far beyond its borders. Professor Volodymyr Lvovych Symyrenko became a worthy successor of hisoutstanding father's cause. At the beginning of 1921, with the consent of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of Ukraine, he organized the Mliiv Station of Fruit and Vegetable Growing on the material, technical and scientific basis of his father's pomological nursery, which under V.Symyrenko leadership soon became a leading scientific establishment. Thanks to it in Melitopol at first a strong point emerged on the basis of which a full-value research station was established in the late 1920s. Research stations were created in other regions not without the participation of Mliiv scientists and personally professor V. Symyrenko too. The scientific program of the Crimean Research Station was also compiled by Volodymyr Symyrenko. It should be noted that the process of establishing research institutions, especially branch institutes, in the country was intensified after the organization of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1929 and the appointment as its president of the world-famous scientist M. Vavilov. V. Symyrenko's principled position concerning the location of the future All-Union Research Institute of Horticulture and Small Fruit Growing and Program of reforming the horticultural science proposed by him found support in the Academy of Agricultural sciences and among many authoritative scientists and manufacturers. His scientific paper on the reform of the horticultural science, published in April-May 1930 in the leading journal ‘Visnyk sadivnytstva, vynogradarstva ta gorodnytstva’ received great publicity. As early as on July 14 of the same year the resolution was passed on the establishment of the All-Union Research Institute of Fruit and Small Fruit Farming in Kyiv and appoint of V. Symyrenko its Acting Director was adopted at the meeting of the Presidium of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The creation of a powerful research Institute of Horticulture and the transformation of Ukraine into the horticultural capital of the country was a cherished dream of Professor V. Symyrenko. And even during the destined rather short three-year period of his leadership in the Institute, he managed to do quite a lot. Though he was repressed, the horticultural science and horticulture as a whole developed not only in Ukraine but also in other republics, according to Symyrenko’s program. A network of zonal research stations were formed in a fairly short period. The institute postgraduate courses created by V. Symyrenko managed to prepare many the young scientists. Currently, the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS of Ukraine, as the main fruit growing scientific institution, the puts into effect coordination and scientific and methodological guidance of the basic and applied researches in horticulture and ornamental plant growing in Ukraine. The scientists of seven research stations work together with the institute on ful-filling the scientific tasks, and the production testing of the developments is carried out in 13 farms experimental.
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Soldatenko, A. V., F. B. Musaev, and D. V. Sokolova. "The 100th anniversary of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, the leader of Russian scientific vegetable growing." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-2-156-166.
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This year, the staff of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC) celebrates their 100th anniversary. Prof. S. I. Zhegalov was the recognized founder of the institution, which was reorganized from Gribovo Vegetable Experimental Station. Its team started with 14 employees, and the experimental crop area was slightly less than 4 hectares. In a short period of time (1920 to 1927), 74 cultivars of the most popular vegetable crops and a number of flower crop varieties were developed and improved. The second period of the Station’s development (1937 to 1966) was associated with the name of Acad. E. I. Ushakova. During this period, a pleiad of talented scientific plant breeders emerged and thrived: A. V. Alpatyev, S. P. Agapova, E. M. Popova, A. D. Plinka, Yu. A. Kobyakova, and others. In 1971, Gribovo Experimental Station was transformed into the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops (VNIISSOK). The Institute was headed by Acad. P. F. Sokol. Under his leadership, capacity building and logistic support of the Institute were promoted: new facilities were built, and the experimental production network was expanded. Despite the difficulties associated with the reorganization and the financial and political situation in the country in 1992–2017, the staff achieved significant results during the years of the directorship by Acad. V. F. Pivovarov. New cultivars were developed to meet the demand; they occupied more than 50% of the crop area under vegetables across the country. Each year, the Institute produced 200–300 tons of elite and cultivar seeds. In 2017, the Institute was merged into the Federal Scientific Vege table Center as the keystone element. The Center also incorporated the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Production and seven experiment stations throughout the Russian Federation. The Institute has been successfully cooperating with the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for many years, exchanging germplasm materials and experience, and jointly developing vegetable cultivars.
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Seliverstov, Vyacheslav. "Scientist, mentor, teacher (for the 90th anniversary of Aleksandr Solomonovich Mikhlin’s birth) [16.02.1930–30.10.2007]." International penitentiary journal 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33463/2712-7737.2019.01(1-3).3.212-219.
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This article is dedicated to the memory of ScD (Law), Professor, Honored scientist of the RSFSR Aleksandr Solomonovich Mikhlin and to the 90th anniversary of his birth. Aleksandr Solomonovich Mikhlin was born in Moscow on February 16, 1930. In 1951, he graduated from the Moscow law Institute, after which he worked as a legal adviser in the system of the Ministry of Railways. In 1954, he entered the full-time postgraduate course of the All-Union Institute of Legal Sciences of the Ministry of Justice of the USSR. In 1959, he defended his PhD thesis on the topic “Consequences of crime in Soviet criminal law” (under the scientific supervision of a well-known scientist in the field of criminal and correctional labor law, ScD (Law), Professor B. S. Utevskiy). After the defense, he worked for some time as a legal adviser, and in 1962–1965 as a scientific Secretary of the Research Institute of Technology and Chemistry. In 1965 he joined the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of public order protection at the Ministry of public order of the RSFSR, which later was reorganized into All-Union Scientific Research Institute of the MIA of the USSR (all-Russian Research Institute of the MIA of Russia), where he worked the rest of his life. Since the end of the 60s (with the participation and also under the leadership of A. S. Mikhlin) for 30 years (in 1970, 1975, 1979, 1989, 1994, 1999) the work to prepare and conduct special censuses of convicts was carried out. A huge amount of unique information was obtained on persons sentenced to various punishments, as well as on suspects and accused for committing crimes in custody. Based on the materials of a special census in the late 60s, A. S. Mikhlin began working on his ScD thesis, which was defended in 1974 on the topic “The Identity of convicts sentenced to imprisonment and the problems of their correction and re-education”. After 1997 A. S. Mikhlin became involved in interpretation and explanation of newly adopted legal acts. Under his scientific supervision and direct participation, scientific and practical comments of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal law on detention of suspects and accused for committing crimes, and the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation were prepared and published. Thematic judicial collections of current decisions of the Plenums of the Supreme Courts of the USSR, the RSFSR, and the Russian Federation, as well as textbooks on criminal law, penal law, and criminal procedure, were very popular. Three editions of the monograph on the death penalty were also published (in Moscow in 1997 and 2000, and in London in 1999, in English). In total, Professor A. S. Mikhlin published more than 550 scientific papers, more than 1000 printed pages, including more than 100 monographs, textbooks, commentaries, manuals on criminal and correctional labor (penal) law in various publications in Russia, the former Soviet Union Republics, as well as in the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Belgium, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Germany, and Bulgaria.
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Zhbanova, Т. V., Т. B. Nikeshina, N. А. Perevozchikova, and N. А. Мarova. "60th Anniversary of Postgraduate School of Federal State-Financed Institution “Federal Centre for Animal Health”." Veterinary Science Today, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2021-3-38-178-183.
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When the All-Union Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Institute was founded in 1958, an active search for relevant specialists and researchers was organized with a view to recruiting them as staff members. In the early days of its establishment, the All-Union Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Institute was mainly stuffed with the graduates of the Moscow Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after K. I. Skryabin and the Kharkov, Leningrad, Vitebsk Institutes of Veterinary Medicine. Later they were joined by the graduates of the University of Gorky, the Kazan and Ivanovo Institutes of Veterinary Medicine, the Vladimir Pedagogical Institute and many others. In 1963, the All-Union Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Institute began to train research workers through postgraduate training programmes and thesis-based programmes. The leading scientists of the Institute were authorized by a decision of the Higher Attestation Commission of the USSR to provide academic supervision to postgraduate students. A specialized council for thesis defense started its activities in regard to Candidate of Science thesis defense in 1976 and in regard to Doctor of Science thesis defense – in 1996. The specialized council for Candidate of Science thesis defense comprised Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, staff members of the All-Union Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Institute, as well as Doctors of Sciences from the All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microbiology (VNIIVViM) (N. I. Arkhipov, I. F. Vishnyakov, V. M. Kolosov, N. A. Lagutkin, Yu. I. Petrov, G. A. Safonov, G. G. Yurkov). In 1996, the specialized council for Candidate of Science thesis defense was enlarged, and the following reputable scientists were invited to participate in its activities as its members: two Doctors of Sciences from the VNIIVViM (Ye. M. Khripunov, M. A. Dymin), four staff members of the VGNKI (K. N. Gruzdev, A. N. Panin, V. I. Ulasov, K. V. Shumilov), the staff members of the Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (O. I. Sukharev) and the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (V. V. Makarov). The paper provides brief information on the training of scientific personnel for research and production laboratories of the institution, postgraduate school activities, thesis-based programmes, the council for Doctor of Science and Candidate of Science thesis defense.
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Vysotskii, A. V., and N. N. Markov. "All-Union Scientific Research and Design and Development Institute for measurement devices in engineering (VNIIizmereniya): Metrologic support for engineering." Measurement Techniques 35, no. 2 (February 1992): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00978866.
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Kuz'mina, Anna Vasil'evna, and Roman Sergeevich Lyalin. "The peculiarities of archival heuristics in seeking information on the history of Soviet industry of Sevastopol in the central archives (on the example of the source complex on the history of Sevastopol branch of the Central Research Institute “Compass” in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg)." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 5 (May 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2021.5.36295.
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The subject of this research is the information potential of the source complex of archival documents dedicated to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute “Compass” in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg. Since Sevastopol was not only an industrial, but also a scientific and technological center, the engineering departments lead unique developments, which were later implemented in various sectors nationwide. Both, enterprises and engineering departments were integrated into a unified all-Union system, which justifies using not only the city archive, but also central archives to find sources on the history of industrial development of Sevastopol during the Soviet period. This article is dedicated to determination and detailed analysis of the documents related to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute “Compass”. The authors dwell on the types of the preserved departmental documents, provide explicit examples, and analyze the peculiarities of documentation. The work is based on the range previously unpublished archival documents. The conclusion is made that materials from the fund of the Central Research Institute “Compass” of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg demonstrates the place and role of Sevastopol branch within the system of this organization, unlike the local documents stored the city archive of Sevastopol, which are focused on the local tasks and problems, and do not fully reflect the structural issues of the entire Scientific Production Association. Analyzing the extracted archival information on the Scientific Production Association “Compass”, the authors conclude that both the association itself and the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry of the Soviet Union were focused on strengthening integration and interrelation of enterprises both within the Central Research Institute “Compass “ and industry as a whole, which manifested in establishment of the Council of the Scientific Production Association “Compass”; its documents are also stored in the fund.
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DEMIDOVICH, Viktor B. "Development of Induction Heating Technologies." Elektrichestvo 5, no. 5 (2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-5-51-55.
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In 1935, Professor V.P. Vologdin and engineer B.N. Romanov conducted successful experiments on the use of high frequency currents (HFC) for induction surface hardening. The overwhelming success of this technology at tank factories during the Great Patriotic War was highly appreciated by the government of the USSR and in 1947 the All-Union Research Institute of High Frequency Currents (VNIITVCH) was created. The article discusses the organization of scientific research at the institute and at the department of Saint. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University (LETI), the features of the organization of the educational process, the achievements of recent years and promising areas of research on metal processing in an alternating electromagnetic field.
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Kwieciński, Leszek. "Sieci jednostek naukowo-badawczych jako istotny element w polityce innowacyjnej państwa. Przykład polskiej Sieci Badawczej Łukasiewicz." Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy 64, no. 4 (2020): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2020.4.6.
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The article presents the theoretical implications of creating a network of scientific and research units in the framework of innovation policy. Multidimensional approaches are presented for the classification of scientific and research networks. The present solution was analyzed in comparison to similar institutions in selected European Union countries, i.e. Germany, Netherlands, France and Finland. In this context, the assumptions of the first Polish scientific and research network (“Łukasiewicz”) are presented. The creation of this network has been described in relation to structural conditions on both the supply and demand sides. The main purpose of the article is to indicate the demand and supply conditions that may condition the operation of the first Polish network of scientific and research institutes. The supply conditions include: the method of selecting network institutes, their research specializations, and previous results related to knowledge and technology transfer. The demand factors include: the innovative activity of Polish enterprises, companies’ expenditures on purchasing knowledge from external sources, and the number of companies that have implemented innovations and indicators related to social capital, including those related to trust in business. The research methods used to operationalize the research goals were the medium-range system method, the institutional and legal method, and historical neo-institutionalism. The research thesis assumes that the effectiveness and efficiency of scientific and research networks as an instrument of the state’s innovation policy is conditioned by institutional and social factors, which require a longer time perspective and suitable legal and institutional instruments for the occurrence of positive effects. The conclusions and recommendations regarding the Polish network were formulated based on Polish conditions and foreign experience. The presented analysis shows that the decision to establish a network of research institutes in Poland and the defined goals of its operation are correct. The indicated demand and supply conditions are not as optimistic; therefore, such activities as internationalization, restructuring of institutes, effective mechanisms of networking and exchange of resources, enforcement of commercialization results and the active role of the state, at least in the initial period, will be important for the effectiveness of this institution.
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Jerlei, Triin. "“And We Had to Do Better Than Abroad”: the Local Vilnius Branch of VNIITE, All-Union Research Institute of Industrial Design, in Soviet Lithuania." Acta Academiae Artium Vilnensis, no. 103 (February 24, 2021): 149–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37522/aaav.103.2021.84.
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This article focuses on the functioning of the Vilnius branch of VNIITE, the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Technical Aesthetics. This large Soviet establishment was founded in 1962 and was active in product design, design research, dissemination of information and other related fields. The Vilnius office was one of the most privileged amongst the ten regional institutes, as suggested by the number of renowned international design journals the local staff was able to access. The practices of the VNIITE branch in Vilnius were diverse. The products designed by local designers included technical machinery, consumer products and public interiors. The branch was active in research, which included different scientific fields. The staff of VNIITE gave lectures and translated foreign articles to disseminate design knowledge and to inform local audiences of the “Western world”. Therefore, the Vilnius VNIITE office played an important role in modernising local design culture. This explains why a study of the practices of this institute is vital for broadening the knowledge of Lithuanian design during the Soviet occupation.
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Naumov, A. G., A. S. Shprykov, D. A. Sutyagina, E. R. Kryukov, P. A. Bochkarev, and M. A. Spiridonov. "Surgeon, citizen, teacher (to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Professor I.S. Nikolaev)." Kazan medical journal 102, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2021-110.
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The article provides information about a prominent Nizhny Novgorod surgeon, the first head of the tuberculosis department of the Gorky Medical Institute named after S.M. Kirov (now Privolzhsky Research Medical University) Ivan Semenovich Nikolaev. Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev went through the horrors of the Great Patriotic War, worked with prominent doctors of his time (L.V. Bogush, B.A. Korolev, S.S. Yudin), achieved unprecedented success in the surgical treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, received the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences after defending the candidate's thesis (for the first time in the history of the Gorky Medical Institute named after S.M. Kirov) due to the uniqueness and fundamental nature of the scientific materials presented. Professor Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev successfully combined pedagogical, scientific and medical work with great organizational and social work. For many years, I.S. Nikolaev was a member of the board of the All-Union and All-Russian Society of Phthisiologists, for more than 20 years he was the Chairman of the Board of the Gorky Scientific Medical Society of Phthisiologists, a member of the editorial board of the journal Problems of Tuberculosis. Many times Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev represented the Nizhny Novgorod phthisiology and medical institute at the All-Union and All-Russian congresses and conferences of phthisiologists was a member of their presidiums. In 1988, Ivan Semyonovich Nikolaev, due to his age, left the position of head of the tuberculosis department and worked as a consultant professor for several years, and then retired. In recent years, he lived in his native village Paustovo (Vyaznikovsky district, Vladimir region). In 1999, Ivan Semyonovich died.
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Artemeva, Olga Arkadjevna, and Olga Valentinovna Sinyova. "In pursuit of the research group of L. S. Vygotsky." Психология и Психотехника, no. 4 (April 2020): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0722.2020.4.34639.
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Despite the fact that L. S. Vygotsky is a prominent figure in the history of Russian psychology due to the unique contribution to the development of scientific thought and organization of work of the new scientific center, the research group under his authority becomes the subject of a separate research for the first time. This article discusses the results of biographical analysis based on the historical-psychological sources, published testimonies of his contemporaries, such as memoirs, conversations and interviews, scientific autobiographies, transcripts of speeches, biographical articles, and published archival materials. The novelty of the implemented by the author research approach consists in reference to the research activity of L. S. Vygotsky and his scientific school from the perspective of theory of the collective. It is determined that due to the work in different institutions and different goals of research activity, the group of scholars under the authority of L. S. Vygotsky cannot be defined as a collective. The leader of Soviet psychology and defectology was a head of several interrelated research groups: since 1924 at the premises of the Institute of Experimental Psychology, since 1929 – the Experimental Institute of Defectology and the Academy of Communist Education named after N. K. Krupskaya, since 1932 – the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine. In order to manage the effective research work of the groups, L. S. Vygotsky applied his creative, pedagogical and organizational skills. The scholar implemented a democratic management approach based on the uniformity of administration, cognition, and communication. L. S. Vygotsky’s scientific school was united by a progressive experimental and practice-oriented research program, sensitive to the public needs in building the theory and system of psychological assistance in the USSR.
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Artemeva, O. A., and О. V. Sinyova. "L. S. Vygotsky and His Students: Outputs of the Collective Research Activities in the First Half of the 20th Century." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Psychology 38 (2021): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2304-1226.2021.38.3.
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Within the framework of the study of collective forms of arranging national scientific activity the paper presents the outcomes of the activity of the groups organized by L. S. Vygotsky at the Institute of Experimental Psychology, the Experimental Defectologic Institute, the All-Union Institute of Experimental Medicine, and the Academy of Communist Education named after N. K. Krupskaya. The analysis of the titles and contents of the works published from 1924 to 1950 revealed the fact that prevailing number of researches were fundamental, a third part of which, however, had a practical orientation. The author has come to the conclusion that collective research activities were of importance for realization of L. S. Vygotsky’s general psychology ideas and methodological sets in the course of solving practical tasks in child and educational psychology, defectology, neuropsychology, and pathopsychology that were significant for public.
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McCulloch, J. S. G. "All our yesterdays: a hydrological retrospective." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2007): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-3-2007.
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Abstract. This paper traces the development and eventual recognition of hydrology as a scientific subject in its own right in the UK and, later, in the European Geophysical Society (EGS), now the European Geosciences Union (EGU). In the early 1960s, to facilitate decisions of executive government departments in meeting the rapidly increasing demand for industrial and domestic water supplies, a small Hydrological Research Unit (HRU) was established by the UK Department of Scientific and Industrial Research(DSIR) to investigate the comparative water use of forested and grassed upland catchments. These small beginnings in the HRU developed in a few years into the highly multi-disciplinary Institute of Hydrology (IH) as a source of independent advice for policy makers, with a capability to undertake longer term research, monitoring and data collection than was feasible in individual government departments or in the universities. Within IH, the range of specialities included not only engineering, physics, geography, geology, meteorology and instrumentation but also pollution, plant physiology, ecology, chemistry and economics. Said quickly in retrospect, the trajectory of the growth of IH seems smooth but, in reality, it masked many struggles between competing disciplines and departments before hydrology was recognised as a subject in its own right – the science of water.
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Chutkyi, Аndrii. "Student Academic Union of Kyiv Commercial Institute of the beginning at the 20th century." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 3, no. 1 (November 15, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26200104.
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The aim of the article is to explore the reasons and the essence of pro-government sympathies in the student surrounding in the Ukrainian lands at the beginning of the 20th century, when they were a part of the Russian Empire. The article is based on the analysis of the statute and biographies of the members of the student Academic Union in Kyiv Commercial Institute; to identify factual material to supplement the reconstruction of the history of students in Ukraine in the early XX century, in particular the daily life of students and their corporate consciousness. Research methods are synthesis of general scientific (analysis, objectivity, synthesis, generalization) and special scientific (historical-genetic, historical-systemic, comparative, prosopographical) methods. The main result is the introduction of a set of archival documents related to the student Academic Union and its members to the scientific circulation. This allowed to characterize the representatives of the youth of that time, who were included into the academic movement, and to analyze their paths in the student years. In particular, it was found that representatives of the titular ethnic group of the empire were mainly included into the academic movements. But other nationalities, who were active, also were involved in it. The vast majority of participants of the academic movement were characterized as those who had high ambitions and unsatisfactory financial situation. Accordingly, they joined this movement with purely pragmatic purpose, and it was testified by the circumstances of World War I, when the vast majority of such individuals used all possibilities to avoid mobilization. This discrepancy between the number and the real percentage of sincere adherents of the imperial power in pro-government organizations in general partly explains the latter's inflated calculations on the impossibility of the emergence of powerful internal protest movements. The other reason is ignoring the thought of the masses by the Russian Empire government. The practical importance is to create a scheme for further research of pro-government movements in modern Ukraine. Also, it can help to develop approaches to detect appropriate manipulations in information space and fight with them effectively. The originality is due to the intensification of the theme of the fifth column in national history. The type of article is empirical.
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Fisenko, A. P., and A. A. Ivanov. "100 YEARS SINCE THE BIRTH OF T.S. SOKOLOVA." Russian Pediatric Journal 22, no. 5 (October 15, 2019): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2019-22-5-323-325.
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The review of the basic data on the life and creative path of the founder of the national children's Allergy, Professor T. S. Sokolova, who at the initiative of the Director of the research Institute of Pediatrics academician M. ya. Studenikin created the country's first children's Allergy Department, formed its own creative scientific school, United by the creation of effective systems of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in children. T. S. Sokolova is the author of more than 150 scientific works, including 7 monographs, numerous chapters in manuals and articles in scientific and practical journals. Under her leadership, 40 candidate's and 4 doctoral dissertations were defended. On her initiative and with active participation were held all-Union and all-Russian forums of children's allergists, schools of young
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Markova, S. V., and V. I. Zoloedov. "Study of bronchial asthma in the USSR in 1960–1980s." Health Care of the Russian Federation 64, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/0044-197x-2020-64-3-163-166.
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The article attempts to analyze in chronological order the stages of the history of the study of bronchial asthma in the USSR in the 1960-1980s. Named the main scientific centers and schools of the USSR, leading scientists who have made an invaluable contribution to the study of the disease, its classification, identified the main directions in the study of bronchial asthma. The significant achievements of Soviet medicine at each of the historical stages, as well as the regularity of the formation of pulmonology in the USSR as a separate medical discipline are shown. In the 60s of the twentieth century in the USSR there is a significant increase in patients with bronchial asthma, including its severe form as an asthmatic status. This required the intensification of scientific research and strengthening of clinical work in the field of pulmonology. The country begins the formation of several scientific schools in different republics and cities. In these centers, bronchial asthma are studied, all-Union and Republican conferences devoted to this disease are held. In 1967 the first all-Union research Institute of pulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the USSR (Leningrad) was opened. With the accumulation of knowledge changed views on the essence of the disease, improved its classification. Such outstanding scientists as A.D. Ado, P.K. Bulatov, G.B. Fedoseev, A.G. Chuchalin played the most important role in the history of bronchial asthma study. In 1986, a new medical specialty - pulmonology appeared in the USSR. In 1991 in Moscow was opened the research Institute of pulmonology, who later became a leading pulmonary center of our country (Research Institute of Pulmonology). The Soviet pulmonology school was finally formed by the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, it has achieved great success in studying the nature and characters of the course of bronchial asthma, having its own original classification and approaches to bronchial asthma therapy.
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Tsench, Yuliya. "AGROENGINEERING SCIENCE IN THE USSR IN 1920-1941." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 1, no. 142 (January 2021): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-59-1-178-192.
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In tsarist Russia, there was no single organizational structure for agricultural science. The Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, funding individual researchers, stations, as well as higher educational institutions where scientific research was conducted, led the scientific work. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the stages of development of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in the period 1920-1941. (Materials and methods) Studied archival materials and research literature on this topic. The article shows the need to create an All-Russian Institute of Agriculture. The Scientific and Automotive Laboratory was organized, which later became the base for research institutes - the Scientific Automotive Institute, later renamed the Research Automotive and Tractor Institute, working in the field of automotive industry, tractor construction, automotive engines, technology and organization of automobile and tractor production. The article formulates the most important tasks of the formation of agroengineering science at the initial stage. (Results and discussion) In 1920-1941, specialized agricultural engineering research and training institutes were established, which took an active part in the formation of the Soviet tractor and automobile industry and the training of qualified personnel. The most important thing for the development of agricultural science was the formation of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 25, 1929. (Conclusions) In the pre-war period, a strong foundation of agricultural engineering science was laid. The first laws and regulations on the mechanization of agriculture and agricultural engineering were adopted. The first research institutes in the field of agricultural mechanization and agricultural engineering were organized. The first domestic tractors, grain harvesters and the most important agricultural machines were developed and put into production. The foundations of the theory were formed, the first fundamental scientific works and textbooks on agricultural machines, the processes of mechanization and electrification of agriculture were published.
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Tsench, Yuliya S. "AGROENGINEERING SCIENCE IN THE USSR IN 1920-1941." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin 1, no. 142 (March 2021): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2021-59-1-178-192.
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In tsarist Russia, there was no single organizational structure for agricultural science. The Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, funding individual researchers, stations, as well as higher educational institutions where scientific research was conducted, led the scientific work. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the stages of development of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in the period 1920-1941. (Materials and methods) Studied archival materials and research literature on this topic. The article shows the need to create an All-Russian Institute of Agriculture. The Scientific and Automotive Laboratory was organized, which later became the base for research institutes – the Scientific Automotive Institute, later renamed the Research Automotive and Tractor Institute, working in the field of automotive industry, tractor construction, automotive engines, technology and organization of automobile and tractor production. The article formulates the most important tasks of the formation of agroengineering science at the initial stage. (Results and discussion) In 1920-1941, specialized agricultural engineering research and training institutes were established, which took an active part in the formation of the Soviet tractor and automobile industry and the training of qualified personnel. The most important thing for the development of agricultural science was the formation of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 25, 1929. (Conclusions) In the pre-war period, a strong foundation of agricultural engineering science was laid. The first laws and regulations on the mechanization of agriculture and agricultural engineering were adopted. The first research institutes in the field of agricultural mechanization and agricultural engineering were organized. The first domestic tractors, grain harvesters and the most important agricultural machines were developed and put into production. The foundations of the theory were formed, the first fundamental scientific works and textbooks on agricultural machines, the processes of mechanization and electrification of agriculture were published.
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Melnikov, I. A. "HYDROBIOLOGIST, POLAR EXPLORER, FIRST DIRECTOR OF IO RAS P.P. SHIRSHOV." Journal of Oceanological Research 49, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2021.49(3).3.
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This article is a short scientific and biographical sketch about petr petrovich shirshov (12/25/1905, Dnepropetrovsk – 02/17/1953, Moscow) – hydrologist, polar explorer, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1937), Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1939), Hero of the Soviet Union (1938 ), the first director of the institute of oceanology of the russian academy of sciences (1946 – early 1953). The Institute bears the name of P.P. Shirshov. Of course, in the year of the anniversary, all of us – employees of the Institute of Oceanology – remember with gratitude and respect the name of Petr Petrovich – the largest scientist-researcher, hydrobiologist, organizer of science and an amazing, deep, very courageous, gifted person with a bright and difficult fate. The article presented below is especially valuable because it pays close attention to the work of P.P. Shirshov as a hydrobiologist. His contribution to history as the organizer of the Institute of Oceanology or a polar explorer is widely sanctified in various publications, but his scientific hydrobiological research is much less known, meanwhile it was this direction that interested Petr Shirshov as a scientist more than anything else.
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Andreev, Alexandr Alexeevich, and Anton Ostroushko. "Russian surgeon and public figure, Academician Nikolai Nikolaevich BLOKHIN (to the 105th anniversary of birthday)." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 10, no. 1 (August 8, 2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2017-10-1-87.
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N. Blokhin was born in 1912 in the town of Lukoyanov in the Nizhny Novgorod region now. In 1934 he graduated from the Gorky medical Institute. From 1934 to 1937 – postgraduate, 1937 assistant Professor of the Gorky medical Institute. From 1941 to 1946 – the leading surgeon of evacuation hospitals. From 1946 to 1947, head of the clinic of the Gorky research Institute of reconstructive surgery, traumatology and orthopedics. From 1948 to 1951, Director of the Institute of reconstructive surgery, traumatology and orthopedics, Ministry of health of the RSFSR, and then from 1951 to 1952 – Director of the Gorky medical Institute. S. M. Kirov. At the same time from 1948 to 1950 – Professor, Department of surgery, University hospital and from 1950 to 1951 – head of the Department of General surgery of the Gorky medical Institute. S. M. Kirov. Since 1952 Director of the Institute of experimental pathology and therapy of the USSR Academy of medical Sciences. In 1953 N. N. Blokhin was elected a corresponding member, and in 1960 a full member, 1960-1968 from 1977 to 1987 and was the President of the USSR AMS. In 1966 N. N. Blokhin was elected President, since 1970, former President, since 1974 – life member of the Council of the International anticancer Union. Since 1975, academician N. N. Blokhin was Director of the all-Union oncological scientific center, Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR (now the Russian oncological scientific center named. N. N. Blokhin of the RAMS). In 1979 he was elected academician of the USSR. From March 1988 — honorary Director of the Russian oncological scientific center, Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR, since 1991 — the adviser of the Presidium of the USSR AMS. He died on 16 may 1993 in Moscow.
Blokhin – President of RAMS, academician of (1960) and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1979), RAS (1991), Honored scientist of the RSFSR (1975), Chairman of the Committee on international Lenin prize, President of the society "USSR – USA", honorary member of several foreign academies of Sciences and scientific societies, honorary citizen of the city of Gorky (1983), and Texas (1970), Hero of Socialist labor (1972), laureate of the State prize of the USSR (1982) and the prize of the Presidium of the Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR (1956), awarded with orders of red Star (1942), the Lenin (1961, 1962, 1972, 1982), the red banner of Labour (1969), the October revolution (1987), was a Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the seven convocations, a delegate to three congresses of the CPSU. Academician N. N. Blokhin is the author of over 300 scientific papers and several monographs. Under his leadership, has trained more than 60 doctors and candidates of Sciences.
The name of academician N. N. Rated Blokhin Russian cancer research center RAMS (1993), Diveevsky district Central hospital. A memorial plaque with his name was set on the buildings of the Nizhny Novgorod state medical Academy and Nizhny Novgorod scientific research Institute of traumatology and orthopedics.
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DRUZHININA, O. B. "The Center for Industrial Design Aesthetics (CIDA) of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE): VNIITE branches’ exhibitions. 1977-1987." Декоративное искусство и предметно-пространственная среда. Вестник МГХПА, no. 4-2 (2021): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37485/1997-4663_2021_4_2_30_48.
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Barysheva, V., and O. Druzhinina. "STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM APPROACH OF DESIGNING." Technical Aesthetics and Design Research 1, no. 3 (December 23, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2687-0878-2019-1-3-5-10.
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In this paper the stages of development of system approach of designing in different countries, including Russia. Authors study the genesis of this phenomenon of design-culture from XX century (the moment of formation of industrial design as a professional activity) up to its theoretical and methodological foundation by materials of Soviet specialists from the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE) in the 1960-1980s.
Each stage of the development of a system approach was analyzed taking into account the sociocultural and economic background. The article was focused on the sources of the formation of a system approach in design as a methodology in Russian design practice such as the «Interdesign» seminars, research works carried out in the VNIITE and higher educational institutions, as well as the results of the practical application of the system approach of design in the works of the Institute and its branches.
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Andreev, Alexander Alekceevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "PETROVSKY Boris Vasilievich – academician of RAS and RAMS, the Minister of health of the USSR, Director of all-Union scientific center of surgery, AMS USSR (to the 110 anniversary from the birthday)." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2018-11-2-150.
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Petrovsky Boris Vasilievich (1908-2004) - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1957), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1966) and RAMS (1957), Minister of Health of the USSR (1965-1980), Director of the All-Union Scientific Center for Surgery Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor (1968), laureate of Lenin (1960) and State Prizes of the USSR (1971).He was born in 1908 in the city of Essentuki. In the years 1916-1924.He studied at the second stage school in Kislovodsk. After graduating from the Medical Faculty of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov worked as a surgeon in the district hospital, the head of the health center of the plant in Podolsk (1931), the junior doctor of the tank brigade and infirmary in Naro-Fominsk (1932), an intern, an assistant, a senior research fellow at the Moscow Oncology Institute and a clinic general surgery at Moscow State University (since 1938). In 1937 he defended his thesis. In 1938, Mr .. B.V. Petrovsky was given the title of senior research fellow (assistant professor). Boris Vasilievich was the deputy head of the field hospital, the leading surgeon of the Karelian Front (1939-1940), a senior researcher at the Moscow Oncological Institute (1940-1941), assistant professor of general surgery at the 2 nd Moscow Medical Institute. N.I. Pirogov (1941). From the first days of WWII BV. Petrovsky is the leading surgeon of hospitals in the Western, Bryansk and the 2 nd Baltic fronts. In the years 1944-1945. B.V. Petrovsky works as a senior lecturer in the Department of Faculty Surgery of the Military Medical Academy. CM. Kirov in Leningrad. In 1945-1948 years. - Deputy Director for Scientific Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1946 he was the first in the USSR to perform successful operations for esophageal cancer with its one-horn intrathoracic plasty. In 1947, Mr .. B.V. Petrovsky defended his doctoral dissertation. In the years 1948-1949. - Professor of the Department of General Surgery 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. N.I. Pirogov. In 1949-1951 years. B.V. Petrovsky - Director of the Department of Hospital Surgery, Head of the 3rd Surgical Clinic of the University of Budapest. In the years 1951-1956. - Head of the Department of Faculty Surgery of the 2 nd Moscow Medical Institute. N.I. Pirogov. In 1953 he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. In the years 1953-1965. - Chief Surgeon of the 4th Main Directorate of the Ministry of Health of the USSR. Since 1955, B.V. Petrovsky - deputy chairman, since 1965 - chairman of the All-Union Scientific Society of Surgeons. Since 1956 - Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery and Director of the State Hospital Surgical Clinic of the Medical Faculty of the 1 st Moscow Medical Institute. THEM. Sechenov. In 1957, Mr .. B.V. Petrovsky was elected a full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Worker of Science of the RSFSR and Azerbaijan SSR. In 1960 he was awarded the Lenin Prize for the development and implementation of new operations on the heart and large vessels. 1963 - Organizer and Director (1963-1988), since 1989 - Honorary Director of the All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1964, Mr .. B.V. Petrovsky performed the first successful operation for prosthetics of the mitral valve of the heart with a mechanical (seamless) fixation. In 1965, for the first time in the USSR, he successfully performed kidney transplantation to man. In the years 1965-1980. - Minister of Health of the USSR. In 1966 he was elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1968, B.V. Petrovsky - privedovo-but the title of Hero of Socialist Labor (1968). In 1971 he was awarded the State Prize of the USSR for the development and introduction into clinical practice of kidney transplantation. In 1979 he was chairman of the Scientific Surgical Council under the Presidium of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. B.V. Petrovsky was a delegate to the XXII, XXIII, XXIV and XXV Congresses of the CPSU (1961, 1966, 1971, 1976), Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1962-1984), candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1966, 1971, 1976). He died on May 4, 2004, at the 96th year of his life. Buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.B.V. Petrovsky - honorary member of 14 foreign scientific medical societies, honorary doctor of 8 universities. He was awarded 16 orders and 8 medals, including the Orders of the Red Star (1942), Lenin (1961, 1965, 1968, 1978), the Second World War (1943, 1985), the October Revolution (1971), Friendship of Peoples 1993), "For Services to the Fatherland" II degree (1998), St. Andrew the Apostle (2003). Laureate of the Lenin (1960) and State Prizes of the USSR (1971), the International Leonard Bernard Prize (1975), the im. NI Pirogova RAMS (1998), the N.N. Burdenko of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1953) and A.N. Bakuleva (2003). B.V. Petrovsky owns more than 500 scientific works, including 40 monographs. He created one of the largest scientific surgical schools (more than 150 doctors of sciences, of which more than 70 are the heads of clinics and large hospitals).
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Mirlin, E. G., and S. A. Sviridov. "CELEBRATING THE 85th JUBILEE OF MARINE GEOPHYSICIST, DR. LAZAR KOGAN." Journal of Oceanological Research 48, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2020.48(2).17.
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The author, Dr. Lazar Kogan, who dedicated the previous article to the anniversary of geophysicist Professor Yuri Neprochnov, will have anniversary on his own – he turn 85 years on September 12, 2020. He, like Yuri Neprochnov, was born in Tashkent in 1935, where he graduated from high school in 1953. After school, on the advice his older friend of Yuri Neprochnov, Kogan decided to pursue profession of geological science, and he entered Geological Department of Tashkent Polytechnic Institute, which he graduated in 1958 with the qualification of a mining engineer - geophysicist. In 1967, he completes his qualification work and receives a Ph.D. In 1986, he defends his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences at the All-Union Research Institute of Oceanic Geology, specializing in seismic profiling of deep geological layers. From 1958 to 2015 worked as a marine geophysicist at the seas and World Ocean and since 2015, he works, as consultant is seismic geological surveillance. During his scientific career, Dr. Kogan participated in more than 40 scientific expeditions, some of which he directed himself. He published about 150 scientific works and 7 monographs.
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Rusetskyi, A. A. "ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION OF FORENSIC-EXPERT ACTIVITY: THE INTERNATIONAL ASPECT." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 17 (November 29, 2017): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2017.19.
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Issues of international cooperation in the field offorensic expert activity are always relevant both for judicial power in general and for itself. The importance of such cooperation has increased in connection with the reform of political, economic, social and law enforcement systems in Ukraine. The main reasons for the need of international forensic- expert cooperation are the integration and globalization of international scientific relations and the implementation of its results in its own legislative and other bases. The issues of international forensic-expert cooperation have found their reflection in the international treaties in the field of expert activity with European countries, countries of the near and far east. These agreements define the procedure for calling experts abroad, give guarantees for the protection of experts, provide the right of the expert to reimburse travel and stay costs, as well as the right to payfor the work done. An urgent issue of international cooperation of Ukrainian expert institutions in the field of forensic expert activity is the entrance to the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI). Since 2002, the State Research Expert-criminalistic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is a full member of ENFSI. To date, two expert institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine are members of the ENFSI - it’s the Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Kharkiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations and Kiyiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations. International cooperation in the field of forensic-expert activity in Ukraine is a dynamically developing system that meets the interests of not only forensic experts, but also all the subjects ofpublic and political life. Integration of international standards into the nationalforensic- expert activity is conditioned by the development of innovative expert methods and techniques, which, in their turn, enhance the prestige and professionalism of Ukrainian expert institutions.
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Di Mauro, Gianmarco, Ambra Dondi, Giovanni Giangreco, Alexander Hogrebe, Elja Louer, Elisa Magistrati, Meeli Mullari, et al. "ENABLE 2017, the First European PhD and Post-Doc Symposium. Session 2: The OMICS Revolution." Biomolecules 8, no. 4 (October 17, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom8040116.
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The European Academy for Biomedical Science (ENABLE) is an initiative funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 program involving four renowned European Research Institutes (Institute for Research in Biomedicine—IRB Barcelona, Spain; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences—RIMLS, The Netherlands; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research—NNF CPR, Denmark; European School of Molecular Medicine—SEMM, Italy) and an innovative science communication agency (Scienseed). With the aim of promoting biomedical science of excellence in Europe, ENABLE organizes an annual three-day international event. This gathering includes a top-level scientific symposium bringing together leading scientists, PhD students, and post-doctoral fellows; career development activities supporting the progression of young researchers and fostering discussion about opportunities beyond the bench; and outreach activities stimulating the interaction between science and society. The first European PhD and Post-Doc Symposium, entitled “Breaking Down Complexity: Innovative Models and Techniques in Biomedicine”, was hosted by the vibrant city of Barcelona. The scientific program of the conference was focused on the most recent advances and applications of modern techniques and models in biomedical research and covered a wide range of topics, from synthetic biology to translational medicine. Overall, the event was a great success, with more than 200 attendees from all over Europe actively participating in the symposium by presenting their research and exchanging ideas with their peers and world-renowned scientists.
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Zubkova, E. A., and T. A. Karpeeva. "Scientific center “Express” of the JSC “VNIIZHT”: history and modernity." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 80, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2021-80-4-240-248.
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The article reflects the most important areas of work of scientists and employees of the scientific center “Express” and their contribution to the formation and development of information technology since the founding in 1959 of the Department of computer science of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport and up to the present.Theoretical foundations of the application of transport cybernetics in the national economy of the country were created by Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR A. P. Petrov, who was one of the first to use mathematical methods and computing technology in solving transport problems and headed the development in this direction at the institute. The practical work on the creation of the first domestic automated system for selling tickets for trains, called “Express”, was headed by B. E. Marchuk.Since then, the “Express” system has transformed from a local ticketing system at the Kievsky railway terminal in Moscow into a powerful multifunctional international passenger traffic management system that interacts with the ticket reservation systems of European countries.Theoretical and practical developments carried out by the scientific center have resulted in the introduction of new information technologies in the Russian Railways holding and in the railway administrations of the member states of the Commonwealth.At present, the main activities of the staff of the scientific center are the creation of automated control system “Express” of a new generation (ACS “Express” NP) and the system of international integration of passenger transportation Express International.
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Leka, Adrian. "Assurance of Evidence." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, s2 (July 1, 2017): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0029.
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Abstract This paper reflects the detailed theoretical and interpretative treatments of criminal evidence and the process of proving according to criminal procedural legislation, based on the Constitution and E.C.H.R. Theoretical and interpretive depeened treatments, are based on the scientific research closely connected to the judicial practice of the implementation of this legislation, the positions held by judicial practice. Special attention is paid to all criminal evidence, meaning, object, features, procedural rules of receiving, verification and evaluation of them throughout the penal process, the rights and obligations of the parties in this process. The implementation of legal provisions onto evidence, evidence search tools and the process of proving, by procedural subjects in judicial practice has recognized and shown the most important issues in relation to other instutitutet of criminal procedural law. The terminology used in this paper is supported and conditioned by the terminology used by the legislator in dispositions of the Criminal Procedure Code. Provision of proof is a relatively new institute in the criminal proceedings. It first became known in the procedure code of 1995, in order to preserve the value of the data found during the preliminary investigation. Providing of proof would be applied in all those cases where evidence risks to be damaged, disappear, et lost and receiving it can not be deferred until the trial. Regarding to the relevant literature in Albanian language, only few authors have mentioned it sporadically, not emphasizing the real importance of evidence assurance institute. Even in the commentary of criminal proceedings this institute is dealt with very little, in summary, if we refer to its importance. Assurance of proof is provided in the Criminal Procedure Code in Articles 316-322. In these provisions is expressed the whole procedure of securing evidence, from the definition of specific cases in which it might apply (Article 316 Criminal Procedure Code), continuing with the presentation of evidence and the application for evidence assurance and subjects legitimized in its appearance (Articles 317,319 Criminal Procedure Code), as well as the right of the court in disposition of this requirement. An important element to be treated is to determine the scope of the institute of evidence assurance. Often in practice it is said that the demand for evidence assurance, is applied more in criminal offenses smuggling of women for sexual exploitation, trafficking of minors for other exploitation purposes, sexual relations with minors etc. In this paper is also treated the evidence assurance institute as well as that of the research means of evidence, these institutions closely linked to criminal trials and the process of proving. Of the most important institutes of criminal procedural law is that of "criminal evidence and proving process" which is rightly considered as the backbone institute of this right. The importance of criminal evidences and the process of proving is determined by the purpose itself and content of the criminal legislation. These institutes are directly related to the content and task of this science, to what is the process of detecting and proving the truth in criminal trials. While acknowledging the special place it occupies the evidence assurance institute it is not yet determined its importance really. In this brief theoretical material, I tried to treat through a slightly wider framework assurance of evidence focusing on its importance, theoretical and practical problems in determining the scope of these institutes.
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Polupan, Yu P., and O. D. Biryukova. "TO THE 85TH ANNIVERSARY FROM BIRTHDAY DOCTOR OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE PROFESSOR BORYS YEVHENOVYCH PODOBA BORYS YEVHENOVYCH PODOBA – A RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY ON AGRICULTURAL ANIMAL GENETIC." Animal Breeding and Genetics 61 (May 27, 2021): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.61.03.
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Borys Yevhenovych Podoba, a well-known scientist, chief researcher of the laboratory of information systems of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a.M.V.Zubets of NAAS is celebrating his 85th birthday.
Borys Podoba was born on April 28, 1936 in Chernigov. In 1959 he graduated from the agronomic faculty of the Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 1959–1968 he worked at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Poultry, where in 1966 he defended his Ph. D. thesis on the topic "The use of heterosis in duck breeding."
In 1968 he began working at the Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry of the Forest-Steppe and Polesye of the Ukrainian SSR, where he worked as a senior researcher, and since 1976 – as the head of the laboratory of genetics. In 1976 he was awarded the academic title of senior research fellow with a degree in breeding and selection of farm animals. Since 1978, B. Ye. Podoba has been working at the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics as a senior researcher, then as head of the laboratory for the genetic foundations of breeding. In 1997 he defended his doctoral dissertation "The use of polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens for assessing breeding resources, increasing the genetic potential and preserving the gene pool of cattle", by the specialty "genetics".
Borys Yevhenovych Podoba developed the theory and methods of using blood groups in the genetic monitoring system when creating and improving breeds, preserving biodiversity in animal husbandry in Ukraine, and made a significant contribution to the organization and improvement of the immunogenetic service of Ukraine. One of the directions of his scientific work was the combination of immunogenetic methods with breeding aspects of the individual development of animals. This work connects the generations of breeders G. F. Podoba on the methodological approaches of selection breeding of breeding young cattle used in the creation of a herd of Mining Schwyz, and E. G. Podoba on the principles of selection to improve the efficiency of feed use by farm animals.
All years of scientific activity, B. Ye. Podoba has been an active member, first of the All-Union and then the Ukrainian Society of Geneticists and Breeders nd. a. N. I. Vavilov. In 2015 he received the title of degree professor in genetics.
The results of B. Ye. Podoba's scientific research are presented in more than 300 scientific works published by him, including 9 monographs, 11 scientific articles in foreign publications, more than 20 recommendations and breeding programs, 7 patents and copyright certificates on genetics, selection, breeding, preservation of the genepool and biodiversity of farm animals, which have become a significant contribution to the treasury of Ukrainian science.
The staff of the Institute congratulates the esteemed professor Borys Yevhenovych Podoba and wishes him good health and creative longevity!
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DRUZHININA, O. B. "The Center for Industrial Design Aesthetics (CIDA) of the All-Union scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics (VNIITE): Establishment, educational and exhibition activities. 1977-1987." Декоративное искусство и предметно-пространственная среда. Вестник МГХПА, no. 3-2 (2021): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37485/1997-4663-2021-3-2-279-293.
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Balahonova, Maria A., and Vladimir S. Okolotin. "The activities of Ivanovo State Medical Institute in the war conditions of 1941–1942." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 27, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-4-56-62.
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The Axis aggression greatly changed the life of the USSR. Activities of higher educational institutions of Ivanovo Region in 1941–1942 was complicated by a number of circumstances: the transfer of educational buildings for the needs of hospitals, the mobilisation of faculty staff and students to the Red Army. This article examines the activities of one of the leading higher educational institutions of the region – Ivanovo State Medical Institute in 1941–1942. Special attention is paid to the legal regulation of the institute's activities, as well as its administrative work. In addition, the article touches upon the problem of the institute's contribution to the development of life at the front and rear in war conditions. For the first time, the paper analyses documents from the State Archives of Ivanovo Region, which provide information about the organisation of the educational process, the economic state of the institute, the work of the teaching staff and students in hospitals and scientific research. It also summarises the data from the memoirs of Ivanovo Medical Institute employees concerning assistance to those displaced from Leningrad, the blood transfusion service, etc. The work is based on archival documents (resolutions of the regional committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, reports on educational and extracurricular activities of the institute, etc.), introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The memoirs of the faculty and students are also involved, giving the article a special interest.
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Kirilov, I., M. Atzeni, A. Perra, D. Moro, and MG Carta. "Active Aging and Elderly’s Quality of Life: Comparing the Impact on Literature of Projects Funded by the European Union and USA." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010001.
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Background: The objective of this research is to verify whether European projects on Active Aging (AA) and Elderly Quality of Life (Qol) funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) produce an impact on literature similar to projects funded by the National Health Institute (NHI) of the United States on international literature using well-known bibliometric indicators. This effort may be useful in developing standardized and replicable procedures. Methods: Fifteen randomly selected projects on AA and Elderly Qol concluded in August 2017 and funded by FP7 were compared to similar projects funded by the US NHI with reference to papers published (Scopus and Scholar), papers published in Q1 journals, and the number of citations of the papers linked to the projects. Results: In all the indicators considered, the European projects showed no difference with the US NHI projects. Conclusions: The EU-funded AA and Qol Elderly projects have an impact on scientific literature comparable to projects funded in the United States by the NHI Agency. Our results are consistent with the data on general medical research, which indicates that, European research remains at a high level of competitiveness. In this experimental study, our methodology appeared to be convincing and reliable and it could be applied to the extent of the impact of more extensive research areas. Our research did not evaluate the relationship between funding required by research and scientific productivity.
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Maidachevsky, Dmitry. "From «Commercial» to «Economic» Education: the Case of Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute of 1941-1945." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 22, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 189–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2021.22(2).189-219.
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The author of the article reconstructs the shift, which occurred in the model and disciplinary structure of «commercial» education towards «economic» one. The research is based on disciplinary approach in the history of education, which builds on subject-oriented character of knowledge and empirical analysis of Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute case. Although the shift was being discreetly prepared for several decades and included many attempts to integrate commercial functions of education with economic field, its real start was caused by external to science and education factors. The subject area of a business economics became the point of intersection for economic and commercial disciplines. The area appeared mainly due to political and ideological campaign aimed at making the enterprises’ party core groups aware of economic knowledge. The 18th All-Union Conference of Communist Party initiated the campaign in 1941. The outbreak of war forced people to view the business economics as a scientific and practical field of study, which applies many techniques and methods of economic analysis in order to ensure effective operation and reveal its potential reserves. After obtaining the right to operate beyond the scientific and practical environment, the subject area of business economics entered the higher education area, transforming its educational and research programs and integrating the disciplinary models and structures of economic and commercial education.
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Maidachevsky, Dmitry. "From «Commercial» to «Economic» Education: the Case of Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute of 1941–1945." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 22, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 377–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2021.22(3).377-405.
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The author of the article reconstructs the shift, which occurred in the model and disciplinary structure of «commercial» education towards «economic» one. The research is based on disciplinary approach in the history of education, which builds on subject-oriented character of knowledge and empirical analysis of Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute case. Although the shift was being discreetly prepared for several decades and included many attempts to integrate commercial functions of education with economic field, its real start was caused by external to science and education factors. The subject area of a business economics became the point of intersection for economic and commercial disciplines. The area appeared mainly due to political and ideological campaign aimed at making the enterprises’ party core groups aware of economic knowledge. The 18th All-Union Conference of Communist Party initiated the campaign in 1941. The outbreak of war forced people to view the business economics as a scientific and practical field of study, which applies many techniques and methods of economic analysis in order to ensure effective operation and reveal its potential reserves. After obtaining the right to operate beyond the scientific and practical environment, the subject area of business economics entered the higher education area, transforming its educational and research programs and integrating the disciplinary models and structures of economic and commercial education.
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Goldfarb, Yu S., S. A. Kabanova, V. I. Sleptsov, S. S. Petrikov, Yu N. Ostapenko, and M. M. Potskhveriya. "Creation of Foundations for Emergency Clinical Toxicology Service in Russia." Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 9, no. 3 (October 22, 2020): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2020-9-3-468-483.
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The creation of the organizational foundations of clinical toxicology began after its separation in the first half of the 20th century from forensic medicine, pharmacology, and military and industrial toxicology. In this, the research started in the therapeutic clinic of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine is important, which led to the opening of the country’s first toxicological department at the Institute and made it possible to resolve acute poisoning (AP) issues at a new level. The obvious successes achieved in this direction by the employees of the department served as a prerequisite for the creation of Republican and All-Union AP treatment centers on the basis of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute, where employees began actively work on the preparation of relevant regulatory documents and the organization of toxicological centers (departments) in the regions. As a result, by the end of the twentieth century, the foundation of the toxicological service was created in the Russian Federation — a network of 44 centers (departments) for AP treatment in 41 regions, which today provide specialized assistance to the population of 50% of the territory of the Russian Federation and serves as the basis for the implementation of advanced achievements in this area.An outstanding role in the formation of clinical toxicology as a new direction in clinical medicine and the creation of a scientific school of clinical toxicologists belongs to E.A. Luzhnikov, member of RAS.Creation of the organizational foundations of urgent clinical toxicology and its formation as an independent scientific and practical direction in medicine, in which a significant contribution belongs to the staff of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, are closely related to scientific and practical achievements in this area, the prompt response of specialists to the toxicological situation in the country, as well as adoption of the experience gained in the course of organizational and information and advisory activities. At the same time, timely preparation and publication of legal and regulatory documents regulating practical work in this area are of particular importance.
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Kosolapov, Vladimir, Dalhat Teberdiev, Ilya Trofimov, and Lyudmila Trofimova. "DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FODDER PRODUCTION OF RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN (In memory of Kushenov Baurzhan Makushevich)." Adaptive Fodder Production 2022, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2022-1-71-78.
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The article is dedicated to the memory of the recently departed from us outstanding scientist of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of crop production, fodder production, meadow farming and agrochemistry, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Koshen Bauyrzhan Makoshuly (Kushenov Baurzhan Makushevich). He was born on 16.04.1962 in Northern Kazakhstan (Akmola region, Akkol district, village of Barap). In 1979, he entered the West Kazakhstan Agricultural Institute, from which he graduated in 1984 with a degree in agronomy, qualification "Scientist Agronomist". In 1986–1989 B.M. Kushenov studied at the graduate school of the All-Union Williams Research Institute of Feed. After successful completion of postgraduate studies, he defended his PhD thesis on the topic "Effective methods of using pasture stands and caring for them in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the RSFSR". From 1989 to 2003 B.M. Kushenov's career took place at the All-Union Barayev Research Institute of Grain Farming, where he worked his way up from a junior researcher to deputy director. From 2003 to 2015 Kushenov B.M. worked as the first deputy director of the Republican Scientific and Methodological Center of the Agrochemical Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan. From 2004 until the end of his life, he remained a professor at the Kokshetau Ualikhanov University. In 2010 B.M. Kushenov defended the dissertation of the Doctor of Agricultural Sciences on the topic "Agrobiological fundamentals technology of corn cultivation for silage and its use in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan" in the specialties of fodder production and meadow farming, feeding of farm animals and feed technology. Throughout his life, B.M. Kushenov has been conducting extensive international activities, constantly strengthening the relationship between scientists of Kazakhstan and Russia, working on our common problems of increasing the productivity and sustainability of our agricultural lands, rational use and improvement of hayfields and pastures. Under his leadership, scientists from Kazakhstan and Russia jointly made a significant contribution to the development of agriculture and feed production in our countries. He is the author of about 300 scientific papers in leading Kazakh, Russian and foreign publications, including 26 monographs, 37 guidelines and recommendations, 45 copyright certificates and patents of the USSR, Russia and Kazakhstan.
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Tsarev, Anatoliy. "PIONEERS OF FOREST BREEDING IN THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 4 (January 19, 2021): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.4/7.
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The article contains brief information from the life and scientific work of the founders of forest breeding, who worked in Voronezh. On the initiative of N.P. Kobranov in 1919, on the basis of Voronezh Agricultural Institute, a forestry department was opened, which was later transformed into the forestry faculty, and since 1930 Voronezh Forestry Institute (now VSUFT) was organized. The main scientific work of N.P. Kobranov is the country's first publication on forest selection - the monograph “Oak selection” (1925), which also outlined possible ways of selection development of forest woody plants in general. Further, his associates and colleagues were engaged in the introduction and selection of forest tree species in the pre-war period: O.G. Kapper ("Study of ecotypes of tree species", 1946; "Conifers", 1954, etc.) and S.A. Samofal (manuscript of his doctoral dissertation "Heredity and variability of forest species and their importance for forest growing", 1938, etc.). Then a huge contribution to the development of forest breeding in the country was made by M.M. Veresin ("Forest seed production", 1963; "Centennial experience of afforestation in the Savalsky forestry", 1963; "Forests of Voronezh", 1971; a new program for forest selection for universities, 1966, etc.). He is the author of grandiose experiments on the geographical planting of Scots pine on an area of about 40 hectares, including more than 350 origins. In addition, he created oak, nut, Karelian birch, seed plantations and collections of hybrids of different tree species. He developed a number of new highly productive poplar hybrids. The director of the Voronezh Forestry Institute V.I. Rubtsov, who himself laid large-scale experimental field facilities for Scots pine forest plantations. Vasily Ivanovich played an important role in the creation of Central Institute of Forest Genetics and Breeding in Voronezh. Among the well-known successors of forest selection work in the country is the director of All-Union Scientific Production Association "Soyuzlesselektsiya" A.I. Iroshnikov. Under him (together with Voronezh Forestry Institute and the Central Research Institute of Forest Genetics and Breeding), a department of forest selection was organized. All these scientists have shown an example of selfless service to the chosen cause
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Харченко, П. Н. "Life in Science and the Science of Life by Aleksandr Shmuk." Nasledie Vekov, no. 4(24) (December 31, 2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36343/sb.2020.24.4.009.
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Рецензируется книга доктора биологических наук, академика РАН А.Х. Шеуджена и доктора исторических наук А.Н. Еремеевой, посвященная жизни и творчеству известного советского агрохимика и биохимика, академика ВАСХНИЛ Александра Александровича Шмука (1886–1945). Анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, научных и общественно-политических периодических изданий первой половины ХХ века, материалов девяти центральных и региональных архивов позволил авторам произвести реконструкцию биографии ученого, рассмотреть ее в контексте политических и экономических трансформаций в обществе. The reviewed book by A.N. Eremeeva, Dr. Sci. (History), and by A.Kh. Sheudzhen, Dr. Sci. (Biology), academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is devoted to the life and scientific work of Aleksandr Shmuk (1886–1945), the famous Soviet agrochemist and biochemist, full member of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin. The analysis of Russian and foreign literature, scientific and sociopolitical periodicals of the first half of the twentieth century, documents from nine central and regional archives allowed the authors to reconstruct the biography of the scientist and consider it in the context of sociopolitical and economic transformations. The authors describe in detail Shmuk’s way to science in the New Alexandria and Moscow Agricultural Institutes, and note the role of his teachers in choosing a scientific specialization. Special attention is paid to the period in Krasnodar, where Shmuk realized himself as an internationally renowned scientist and an organizer of science (he headed the All-Union Institute of Tobacco) and education (as the founder and head of the Department of Agrochemistry of the Kuban Institute of Agriculture). The authors describe in detail Shmuk’s works on the chemical composition of tobacco, soil chemistry, and methods of agrochemical research. They note that the methods of obtaining nicotine, citric and malic acids from raw materials, which were developed by Schmuk and provided import substitution, were strategically important for the Soviet state in the pre-war period and especially during the years of the Great Patriotic War.
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Kolchin, N. N., and V. N. Zvolinskiy. "The matter of extreme national importance." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 84, no. 8 (August 15, 2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66349.
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It is reported on the history of the development of the domestic agricultural machinery industry. It is noted that the beginning of the modern development of the industry was laid down by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of April 1, 1921, in which it is recognized as «... a matter of extreme national importance». It sets out a set of measures to create the industry as the basis for the de-velopment of the country's agriculture. The head institute All-Union scientific research Institute of agri-cultural engineering (VISKhOM), profile research institution, leading specialized design bureaus, student design bureaus and various factories are being created in different regions of the country. Being the lead-ing complex center for scientific research and practical development of new and promising agricultural technology, including the training of scientific personnel, the Institute VISKhOM played a major role in the development of domestic agricultural machinery and integrated mechanization of the country's agri-culture in the 20s and 30s, in its restoration to Postwar years of the last century. Achievement in 1947 of pre-war production of agricultural machinery. It is noted that the Institute VISKhOM developed and pro-duced in the industry a large number of new machines; many monographs and collections of articles and other scientific papers have been published, scientific and technical reports on the results of their imple-mentation of R&D have been compiled. Scientific and technical assistance was provided to design bu-reaus and factories of the industry in the creation and production of new equipment, according to method-ological and normative documentation. Significant is its contribution to the development and implemen-ta-tion of systems of machinery and technology in the country's agriculture. The UN General Assembly rec-ognized the need to increase the world's food production. Russia has a unique agrarian potential and can provide itself with quality, renewable products and its supply to the world market. It is noted that a number of problems of the domestic agro-industrial complex remain unresolved, for example, its insufficient support by the state, the liquidation of scientific research institutes of the industry, including VISKhOM and a number of factories. There is a need for a large-scale revival of the domestic agricultural machinery industry as an effective scientific and production system for the creation and production of modern ma-chinery of high quality and reliability for our agriculture with an extensive set of crops and with various technologies. The future of Russia's agriculture is the use of modern machine technologies as the basis for the country's food security and the competitiveness of Russian food in the domestic and world markets.
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Gurvich, A. L., G. E. Kuz'min, M. N. Pavlovich, V. I. Sapritskii, I. E. Spektor, and F. G. �l'darov. "Comparison of the master setup of the scientific and industrial association ?All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Physical and Technical Working Measurements? with the special state standards of the illumination intensity unit." Measurement Techniques 34, no. 7 (July 1991): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00982051.
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Loskutov, I. G. "Wartime activities of the Vavilov Institute." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 182, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2021-2-151-162.
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Among the chronicles relating the heroism of the besieged Leningrad, there are pages dedicated to the deeds performed by the staff the world-famous All-Union Research Institute of Plant Industry (VIR, now the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources). With the beginning of the war, even before the city was surrounded by the Nazi troops, the government decided to evacuate a number of factories and institutes from Leningrad, including VIR, but the plan failed. Only in winter did the Institute start partial evacuation, although preparations had been going on for a long time. The largest and most important part of the collection was left behind in the besieged city. The remaining employees were forced to work under the hardest conditions of the siege, in unheated premises. In the harsh reality of the winter in 1941–1942, the daily bread rationing was cut down, and hunger raged in the city, killing tens of thousands of city residents, including VIR employees who kept the stored seeds and tubers untouched. The most difficult part was preserving the potato collection. In the spring of 1942, preparations were made for sowing to restore the viability of seeds and tubers in the fields of Leningrad’s suburban area under the fire from the enemy artillery. Only the heroic efforts of VIR’s staff helped to save the collection from destruction and loss of germination. This heroism cost more than 20 experts and scientists their lives. So, the most dangerous period for the Institute was overcome at such price. Immediately after the siege was lifted, a group of experts was sent to Leningrad from Krasnoufimsk to help with selecting seed accessions for urgent reproduction. Working under extreme physical exhaustion in frozen premises, without water or electricity, under continuous shelling, they saved, many at the cost of their own lives, the collection of cultivated plants and their wild relatives, the herbarium, and the scientific library for future generations.
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Shalimov, S. V. "Science Under Political Change: The Experience of Russian Genetics in the 1960s." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(44) (October 28, 2015): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-5-44-215-230.
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Abstract: The paper is devoted to the development of Soviet genetics in the higher school in the second half of the 1960s. Currently history of Russian genetics is becoming a popular research subject among Russian and foreign historians. Tragic events, which befell Soviet genetics in mid 20th century have been thoroughly examined both in scientific and popular accounts. Thus development of genetics during the later period of Soviet history makes a more suitable subject for a rigorous historical investigation. In the late 1960s Soviet science and technology policy in regard to biological research was aimed at the restoration of losses suffered due to the rise of Lysenkoism. This period has not yet been duly investigated and there are almost no publications authored by professional historians dedicated to genetics research in the Soviet Union in the 1960-80s. To a certain extent this gap has been covered in the author’s earlier publications. The research is based on the wide range of archive documents from the archives of Moscow, Saint- Petersburg and Novosibirsk. Also, significant place is given to oral sources. The paper underlines that Leningrad and Novosibirsk Universities made a great contribution to the revival of human resources in the Soviet genetics. At the same time many other biological departments and institutes were going through the reorganization of the Soviet biology with lots of difficulties. The examples of the All-Union Institute of Plant Industry of the VASKhNIL and the Novosibirsk agricultural institute vividly illustrated that Lysenkoists still held an important positions in the field of science and education. Besides, the lack of material supplies of the chairs and laboratories had a destructive influence.
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Mussagaliyeva, Arailym, and Roza Mussabekova. "Karlag in the Fate of the Scientist Alexandra Zaitseva." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2022): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2022.1.10.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The article examines the activities of the Russian repressed scientist, agronomistsoil scientist, laureate of the Lenin Prize in the field of agriculture Alexandra Zaitseva and her contribution to the development of agriculture in Kazakhstan. Materials. The article uses archival documents, and many sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In particular, the documents of the State Archive of Karaganda region on scientific and technical documentation, the State Archive of Akmola region and materials of periodicals of those years were studied. Analysis and results. The authors comprehensively investigate her scientific activities in Akmola and Karaganda regions and pay special attention to her contribution and new scientific discoveries in the steppe arid zone. The study examines the merits of A. Zaitseva in the opening of an experimental station as part of the Akmola camp of wives of “traitors to the Motherland”, known as the women’s camp in the Soviet Union. It also presents her activities as a researcher in Karlag as a head of the department of agrotechnics and agrochemistry during the Great Patriotic War and in the difficult post-war years. In particular, her contribution to the sowing of winter wheat on the stubble of spring crops and grassland crop-rotation, introduced into the production practice of collective and state farms in Karaganda region. Separately, her activities in the All-Union Research Institute of Grain Farming in Akmola region as a head of the department of agrosoil science have been investigated. Particular attention is paid to her participation in the practices to reduce wind erosion while developing virgin and fallow lands in Northern Kazakhstan.