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1

Supramono, Dijan, Justin Edgar, Setiadi, and Mohammad Nasikin. "Hydrogenation of non-polar Fraction of Bio-oil from Co-pyrolysis of Corn Cobs and Polypropylene for Bio-diesel Production." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702030.

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Bio-diesel was synthesized by hydrogenating the non-polar fraction of the bio-oil produced from the co-pyrolysis between corncobs and polypropylene. Co-pyrolysis of corn cobs and polypropylene was conducted in a stirred tank reactor at heating rate of 5°C/min and maximum temperature of 500°C to attain synergetic effect in non-polar fraction yield where polypropylene served as a hydrogen donor and oxygen sequester so that the oxygenate content in the biofuel product reduced. Stirred tank reactor configuration allowed phase separation between non-polar and polar (oxygenate) compounds in the bio-oil. Hydrogenation reaction of the separated non-polar phase, which contained alkenes, was carried out in a pressured stirred tank reactor using a NiMo/C catalyst in order to reduce the alkene content in the bio-oil. The aim of the present work is to reduce the alkene content in the separated non-polar fraction of bio-oil by catalytic hydrogenation to obtain biofuel with low alkene content and viscosity approaching to that of diesel fuel. To quantify effect of the pressure on the alkene composition, the experiment was done at H2 initial pressures of 4, 7, 10, and 13 bar and at corresponding saturation temperatures of octane. The biofuel products were characterized using GC-MS, LC-MS, FTIR spectroscopy, H-NMR, Higher heating values (HHV) and viscometer for comparison with those of commercial diesel fuel. Analysis of the lower molecular weight fractions of biofuels by GC-MS found that the hydrogenation reactor at pressures at 4 and 7 bar produced biofuels with predominant hydrocarbon contents of cycloalkanes and alkanes, while that at 10 and 13 bar produced biofuels with predominant contents of alkanes and alkenes. In comparison, diesel fuel contains mostly alkanes and aromatics. However, analysis over the whole content of bio-oil by H-NMR found that different pressures of reactor hydrogenation did not reduce alkene compositions in biofuels appreciably from alkene composition in bio-oil feed. In comparison, diesel fuel contained mostly alkanes with aromatic composition about 4% and no alkene content. Various data suggest that alkene content in the biofuels be reduced to approach their viscosity to that of diesel fuel. Modification of the hydrogenation reactor is required by improving convective momentum of hydrogen gas into the bio-oil to enhance contact of solid catalyst, hydrogen gas and bio-oil.
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2

Carrara, Nicolás, Carolina Betti, Fernando Coloma-Pascual, et al. "High-Active Metallic-Activated Carbon Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4307308.

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A series of low-loaded metallic-activated carbon catalysts were evaluated during the selective hydrogenation of a medium-chain alkyne under mild conditions. The catalysts and support were characterized by ICP, hydrogen chemisorption, Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR micro-ATR), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). When studying the effect of the metallic phase, the catalysts were active and selective to the alkene synthesis. NiCl/C was the most active and selective catalytic system. Besides, when the precursor salt was evaluated, PdN/C was more active and selective than PdCl/C. Meanwhile, alkyne is present in the reaction media, and geometrical and electronic effects favor alkene desorption and so avoid their overhydrogenation to the alkane. Under mild conditions, nickel catalysts are considerably more active and selective than the Lindlar catalyst.
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3

Cely-Pinto, Melissa, Bowen Wang, and Juan C. Scaiano. "Photocatalytic Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes: A Game of Kinetics, Selectivity and Critical Timing." Nanomaterials 13, no. 17 (2023): 2390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13172390.

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The semi-hydrogenation reaction of alkynes is important in the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries, and it is thus important to find catalytic processes that will drive the reaction efficiently and at a low cost. The real challenge is to drive the alkyne-to-alkene reaction while avoiding over-hydrogenation to the saturated alkane moiety. The problem is more difficult when dealing with aromatic substitution at the alkyne center. Simple photocatalysts based on Palladium tend to proceed to the alkane, and stopping at the alkene with good selectivity requires very precise timing with basically no timing tolerance. We report here that the goal of high conversion with high selectivity could be achieved with TiO2-supported copper (Cu@TiO2), although with slower kinetics than for Pd@TiO2. A novel bimetallic catalyst, namely, CuPd@TiO2 (0.8% Cu and 0.05% Pd), with methanol as the hydrogen source could improve the kinetics by 50% with respect to Cu@TiO2, while achieving selectivities over 95% and with exceptional timing tolerance. Further, the low Palladium content minimizes its use, as Palladium is regarded as an element at risk of depletion.
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4

Xu, Shuaiwen, Lei Wang, Pengfei Tian, and Shenghu Zhou. "In situ transformation of Pd to metal–metalloid alloy Pd2B for alkyne semi-hydrogenation." RSC Advances 15, no. 9 (2025): 6847–53. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra00302d.

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5

Rassolov, Alexander V., Igor S. Mashkovsky, Galina N. Baeva, et al. "Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation of 1-Phenyl-1-propyne on the Pd1Ag3/Al2O3 Single-Atom Alloy Catalyst: Kinetic Modeling and the Reaction Mechanism." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (2021): 3286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123286.

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This research was focused on studying the performance of the Pd1Ag3/Al2O3 single-atom alloy (SAA) in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of di-substituted alkyne (1-phenyl-1-propyne), and development of a kinetic model adequately describing the reaction kinetic being also consistent with the reaction mechanism suggested for alkyne hydrogenation on SAA catalysts. Formation of the SAA structure on the surface of PdAg3 nanoparticles was confirmed by DRIFTS-CO, revealing the presence of single-atom Pd1 sites surrounded by Ag atoms (characteristic symmetrical band at 2046 cm−1) and almost complete absence of multiatomic Pdn surface sites (<0.2%). The catalyst demonstrated excellent selectivity in alkyne formation (95–97%), which is essentially independent of P(H2) and alkyne concentration. It is remarkable that selectivity remains almost constant upon variation of 1-phenyl-1-propyne (1-Ph-1-Pr) conversion from 5 to 95–98%, which indicates that a direct alkyne to alkane hydrogenation is negligible over Pd1Ag3 catalyst. The kinetics of 1-phenyl-1-propyne hydrogenation on Pd1Ag3/Al2O3 was adequately described by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type of model developed on the basis of the reaction mechanism, which suggests competitive H2 and alkyne/alkene adsorption on single atom Pd1 centers surrounded by inactive Ag atoms. The model is capable to describe kinetic characteristics of 1-phenyl-1-propyne hydrogenation on SAA Pd1Ag3/Al2O3 catalyst with the excellent explanation degree (98.9%).
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6

Levine, Daniel S., T. Don Tilley, and Richard A. Andersen. "Efficient and selective catalysis for hydrogenation and hydrosilation of alkenes and alkynes with PNP complexes of scandium and yttrium." Chem. Commun. 53, no. 87 (2017): 11881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc06417a.

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Scandium and yttrium congeneric complexes, supported by a monoanionic PNP ligand, were studied as catalysts for alkene hydrogenation and hydrosilation and alkyne semihydrogenation and semihydrosilation.
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7

Dobrovolná, Zuzana, and Libor Červený. "Competitive Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons by Hydrogen Transfer from Ammonium Formateon a Palladium Catalyst." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, no. 9 (1997): 1497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19971497.

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Competitive hydrogenation of alkenes (cyclohexene, hex-1-ene, hept-1-ene, oct-1-ene) and dienes (octa-1,7-diene, cyclohexa-1,3-diene) was carried out by catalytic hydrogen transfer from ammonium formate on palladium in methanol. The adsorptivity and reactivity of the hydrocarbons decreased in the series: cyclic diene > linear diene > linear 1-alkene > cyclic alkene.
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8

Handoko, Donatus Setyawan Purwo, and Triyono. "The Cracking of 1-Octadecanol Into Short Chain Alkane and Alkene Compounds." Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research 4, no. 1 (2025): 41–64. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v4i1.13716.

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Research has been carried out on the cracking mechanism of 1-octadecanol into short chain alkane and alkene compounds using a cracking technique using a Fluid Fixed Bed reactor, which is operated at temperatures between 450 oC to 500 oC for 30 minutes. The catalyst is positioned so that the feed vapor passes through a number of catalysts. The resulting product was analyzed using GC-MS. The results obtained are as follows. With the Ni/ZSiA catalyst, the catalytic hydrogenation of 1-octadecanol to 1-octadecene reached 20.21 percent, 5-octadecene reached 14.37 percent, and 9-octadecene reached 10.40 percent. The main product of catalytic hydrogenation is 1-octadecene. The results obtained at a hydrogen flow rate of 10 mL/minute and a temperature of 450 oC produce maximum alkane and alkene products < C12 (15.29%)
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9

Schmalz, Hans-Günther, and Friederike Ratsch. "An Atom-Economic and Stereospecific Access to Trisubstituted Olefins through Enyne Cross Metathesis Followed by 1,4-Hydrogenation." Synlett 29, no. 06 (2018): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591528.

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The combination of intermolecular enyne cross metathesis and subsequent 1,4-hydrogenation opens a stereocontrolled and atom-economic access to trisubstituted olefins. By investigating different combinations of functionalized alkyne and alkene substrates, we found that the outcome (yield, E/Z ratio) of the Grubbs II-catalyzed enyne cross-metathesis step depends on the substrate’s structure, the amount of the alkene (used in excess), and the (optional) presence of ethylene. In any case, the 1,4-hydrogenation, catalyzed by 1,2-di­methoxybenzene-Cr(CO)3, proceeds stereospecifically to yield exclusively the E-products from both the E- and Z-1,3-diene intermediates obtained by metathesis. A rather broad scope and functional group compatibility of the method is demonstrated by means of 15 examples.
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10

Ma, Xiaoshen, and Seth B. Herzon. "Non-classical selectivities in the reduction of alkenes by cobalt-mediated hydrogen atom transfer." Chemical Science 6, no. 11 (2015): 6250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc02476e.

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It is shown that the reduction of alkenes by hydrogen atom transfer provides selectivities that are distinct from classical hydrogenation catalysts. The first alkene hydrobromination, hydroiodination, and hydroselenylation reactions that proceed by hydrogen atom transfer processes are also reported.
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11

Hänninen, Mikko M., Matthew T. Zamora, Connor S. MacNeil, Jackson P. Knott, and Paul G. Hayes. "Elucidation of the resting state of a rhodium NNN-pincer hydrogenation catalyst that features a remarkably upfield hydride 1H NMR chemical shift." Chemical Communications 52, no. 3 (2016): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc08348f.

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Rhodium(i) alkene complexes of an NNN-pincer ligand catalyze the hydrogenation of alkenes. The terminal or resting state of the catalyst, which exhibits an unusually upfield Rh–hydride <sup>1</sup>H NMR chemical shift, has been identified.
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12

Takahashi, Tamotsu, Noriyuki Suzuki, Motohiro Kageyama, Yu Nitto, Masahiko Sabur, and Ei-ichi Negishi. "Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes Using Zirconocene–Alkene Complexes." Chemistry Letters 20, no. 9 (1991): 1579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1991.1579.

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13

Shesterkina, Anastasiya A., Olga A. Kirichenko, Olga P. Tkachenko, Alexander L. Kustov, and Leonid M. Kustov. "Liquid-Phase Partial Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene at Ambient Conditions Catalyzed by Pd-Fe-O Nanoparticles Supported on Silica." Nanomaterials 13, no. 15 (2023): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13152247.

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Catalysts with no hazardous or toxic components are required for the selective hydrogenation of acetylenic bonds in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, vitamins, nutraceuticals, and fragrances. The present work demonstrates that a high selectivity to alkene can be reached over a Pd-Fe-O/SiO2 system prepared by the co-impregnation of a silica support with a solution of the metal precursors (NH4)3[Fe(C2O4)3] and [Pd(NH3)4]Cl2 followed by thermal treatment in hydrogen or in air at 400 °C. A DRIFT spectroscopic study of CO adsorption revealed large shifts in the position of the Pdn+-CO bands for this system, indicating the strong effect of Fen+ on the Pd electronic state, resulting in a decreased rate of double C=C bond hydrogenation and an increased selectivity of alkyne hydrogenation to alkene. The prepared catalysts consisted of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles on an SiO2 carrier and exhibited a selectivity as high as that of the commonly used Lindlar catalyst (which contains such hazardous components as lead and barium), while the activity of the Fe-Pd-O/SiO2 catalyst was an order of magnitude higher. The hydrogenation of a triple bond over the proposed Pd-Fe catalyst opens the way to selective hydrogenation over nontoxic catalysts with a high yield and productivity. Taking into account a simple procedure of catalyst preparation, this direction provides a rationale for the large-scale implementation of these catalysts.
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14

Yamada, Tsuyoshi, Haruka Yamamoto, Kanon Kawai, Kwihwan Park, Norihiko Aono, and Hironao Sajiki. "Development of Silicon Carbide-Supported Palladium Catalysts and Their Application as Semihydrogenation Catalysts for Alkynes under Batch- and Continuous-Flow Conditions." Catalysts 12, no. 10 (2022): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101253.

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Silicon carbide (SiC)-supported palladium (Pd) catalysts [3% Pd/SiC and a 3% Pd-diethylenetriamine (DETA)/SiC complex] for chemoselective hydrogenation under batch- and continuous-flow conditions were developed. The alkyne, alkene, azide, nitro, and benzyloxycarbonyl-protected aromatic amine (N-Cbz) functionalities were chemoselectively reduced in the presence of 3% Pd/SiC. By contrast, benzyl ether, alkyl N-Cbz, epoxide, aromatic chloride, aromatic ketone, and tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether were tolerant to the 3% Pd/SiC-catalyzed hydrogenation. The combined use of 3% Pd/SiC and DETA demonstrated excellent chemoselectivity toward the semihydrogenation of various mono- and disubstituted alkynes under batch- and continuous-flow conditions. Furthermore, compared with the separate use of 3% Pd/SiC and DETA, the newly developed 3% Pd(DETA)/SiC-packed in a cartridge showed higher chemoselectivity toward the continuous-flow semihydrogenation of alkyne over 24 h.
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15

Büschelberger, Philipp, Dominik Gärtner, Efrain Reyes-Rodriguez, et al. "Alkene Metalates as Hydrogenation Catalysts." Chemistry - A European Journal 23, no. 13 (2017): 3139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201605222.

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16

Campos, Cristian H., Julio B. Belmar, Solange E. Jeria, Bruno F. Urbano, Cecilia C. Torres, and Joel B. Alderete. "Rhodium(i) diphenylphosphine complexes supported on porous organic polymers as efficient and recyclable catalysts for alkene hydrogenation." RSC Advances 7, no. 6 (2017): 3398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra26104c.

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17

Pei, Yuchen, Minda Chen, Xiaoliang Zhong, et al. "Pairwise semi-hydrogenation of alkyne to cis-alkene on platinum-tin intermetallic compounds." Nanoscale 12, no. 15 (2020): 8519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr00920b.

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18

Tobita, Hiromi, Nobukazu Yamahira, Keisuke Ohta, Takashi Komuro, and Masaaki Okazaki. "New hydrosilylation reaction of arylacetylene accompanied by C-H bond activation catalyzed by a xantsil ruthenium complex." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 5 (2008): 1155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880051155.

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A new type of catalytic hydrosilylation of arylalkynes was induced by a 16-electron ruthenium bis(silyl) phosphine complex, resulting in ortho-silylation of the aryl group as well as a hydrogenation of the alkyne CC bond to give an (E)-form of alkene selectively. On the other hand, the same reaction using a related bis(silyl) complex having an η6-toluene ligand instead of the phosphine ligand as a catalyst led to a normal hydrosilylation reaction to afford silylalkene.
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19

Zhu, Jie S., and Young-Seok Shon. "Mechanistic interpretation of selective catalytic hydrogenation and isomerization of alkenes and dienes by ligand deactivated Pd nanoparticles." Nanoscale 7, no. 42 (2015): 17786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr05090a.

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20

Priyanka, Sagar, Sharma Varsha, and Kumar Rohit. "Highly active and recyclable ZSM-5 anchored rhodium(I) complexes of S-triazene derivatives for the catalytic hydrogenation of organic substrates." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 89, Jan 2012 (2012): 139–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5751835.

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Department of Chemistry, SSJ Campus, Kumaun University, Almora-263 601, Uttrakhand, India <em>E-mail</em> : sagarpriyanka_2006@yahoo.co.in Department of Chemistry, Jagannath Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur-302 022, Rajasthan, India <em>Manuscript received 18 March 2010, revised 09 June 2011, accepted 20 June 2011</em> The HZSM-5 was used to immobilize the homogeneous Rh<sup>I</sup> complexes of S-triazene derivatives. They were found very efficient towards the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes, alkynes, nitrocompounds, benzaldehyde and benzil at 25 <sup>o</sup>C and 2.07 x 10<sup>3</sup> KNm<sup>-2</sup> pressure of molecular hydrogen as compare to its homogeneous counterpart. At this temperature and pressure of molecular hydrogen, ZSM-5 anchored Rh<sup>I</sup> complexes could be used repeatedly. DMF-toluene (1 : 2) mixed solvents medium was found suitable for these complexes. No diminished catalytic activity was observed even after 10-15 repeated catalytic runs. This indicated that negligible leaching out phenomenon of the metal or metal complexes. &nbsp;
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21

Pellumbi, Kevinjeorjios, Leon Wickert, Julian Tobias Kleinhaus, et al. "Pentlandite Catalysts for the Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Alkynols in a Zero-Gap Electrolyzer." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (2022): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642376mtgabs.

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Electrosynthetic methods are considered to be crucial in the sustainable transformation of the chemical industry. Being an integral part of many synthetic pathways, the electrification of hydrogenation reactions gained increasing interest in recent years. However, for the large-scale industrial application of electrochemical hydrogenations, low-resistance zero-gap electrolyzers operating at high current densities and high substrate concentrations, ideally applying noble-metal-free catalyst systems, are required. In this work, we demonstrate the successful development of an electrochemical hydrogenation process towards application at the example of the semi-hydrogenation of alkynols. Because of their conductivity, stability, and stoichiometric flexibility, transition metal sulfides were thoroughly investigated as promising electrocatalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution but remain scarcely investigated for electrochemical hydrogenations. An initial screening of a series of first-row transition metal sulfides of the pentlandite class revealed promising activity for the electrochemical hydrogenation of alkynols in water and methanol. Based on these findings, selected catalysts were incorporated into a zero-gap electrolyzer, thereby enabling the hydrogenation of alkynols at current densities of up to 1 A cm-2, Faraday efficiencies of up to 75 %, and an alkene selectivity of 90 %. In this scalable setup we demonstrate high stability of the catalyst and the electrode for at least 100 h. Altogether, we illustrate the successful integration of a sustainable catalyst into a scalable zero-gap electrolyzer establishing electrosynthetic methods in an application-oriented manner. Figure 1
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22

Atashi, Hossein, Mehdi Shiva, Farshad Farshchi Tabrizi, and Ali Akbar Mirzaei. "Study of Syngas Conversion to Light Olefins by Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/945735.

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The effect of adding MgO to a precipitated iron-cobalt-manganese based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalyst was investigated via response surface methodology. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was examined in a fixed bed microreactor at a total pressure of 1–7 bar, temperature of 280–380°C, MgO content of 5–25% and using a syngas having a H2to CO ratio equal to 2.The dependence of the activity and product distribution on MgO content, temperature, and pressure was successfully correlated via full quadratic second-order polynomial equations. The statistical analysis and response surface demonstrations indicated that MgO significantly influences the CO conversion and chain growth probability as well as ethane, propane, propylene, butylene selectivity, and alkene/alkane ratio. A strong interaction between variables was also evidenced in some cases. The decreasing effect of pressure on alkene to alkane ratio is investigated through olefin readsorption effects and CO hydrogenation kinetics. Finally, a multiobjective optimization procedure was employed to calculate the best amount of MgO content in different reactor conditions.
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23

Morello, Glenn R., Hongyu Zhong, Paul J. Chirik, and Kathrin H. Hopmann. "Cobalt-catalysed alkene hydrogenation: a metallacycle can explain the hydroxyl activating effect and the diastereoselectivity." Chemical Science 9, no. 22 (2018): 4977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc01315b.

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24

Zhang, Guoqi, Zhiwei Yin, and Jiawen Tan. "Cobalt(ii)-catalysed transfer hydrogenation of olefins." RSC Advances 6, no. 27 (2016): 22419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02021f.

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Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of olefins is achieved by an earth-abundant metal cobalt catalyst. A range of alkene substrates including those with functional groups have been hydrogenated in high yields.
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25

Malan, Frederick P., Eric Singleton, Petrus H. van Rooyen, and Marilé Landman. "Tandem transfer hydrogenation–epoxidation of ketone substrates catalysed by alkene-tethered Ru(ii)–NHC complexes." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 22 (2019): 8472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01220f.

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26

Luaces, Susana, Ramón Macías, María José Artigas, Fernando J. Lahoz та Luis A. Oro. "Rhodathiaborane reaction cycles driven by C2H4 and H2: synthesis and characterization of [(H)2(PPh3)RhSB8H7(PPh3)] and [(η2-C2H4)(PPh3)RhSB8H7(PPh3)]". Dalton Transactions 44, № 11 (2015): 5041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt03677h.

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27

Mondal, John, Kim Truc Nguyen, Avijit Jana, et al. "Efficient alkene hydrogenation over a magnetically recoverable and recyclable Fe3O4@GO nanocatalyst using hydrazine hydrate as the hydrogen source." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 81 (2014): 12095–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc04770b.

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28

Mashkovsky, Igor, Pavel Markov, Galina Bragina, et al. "Highly-Ordered PdIn Intermetallic Nanostructures Obtained from Heterobimetallic Acetate Complex: Formation and Catalytic Properties in Diphenylacetylene Hydrogenation." Nanomaterials 8, no. 10 (2018): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8100769.

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Formation of PdIn intermetallic nanoparticles supported on α-Al2O3 was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and hydrogen temperature-programmed desorption (H2-TPD) methods. The metals were loaded as heterobimetallic Pd(μ-O2CMe)4In(O2CMe) complex to ensure intimate contact between Pd and In. Reduction in H2 at 200 °C resulted in Pd-rich PdIn alloy as evidenced by XRD and the disappearance of Pd hydride. A minor amount of Pd1In1 intermetallic phase appeared after reduction at 200 °C and its formation was accomplished at 400 °C. Neither monometallic Pd or in nor other intermetallic structures were found after reduction at 400–600 °C. Catalytic performance of Pd1In1/α-Al2O3 was studied in the selective liquid-phase diphenylacetylene (DPA) hydrogenation. It was found that the reaction rate of undesired alkene hydrogenation is strongly reduced on Pd1In1 nanoparticles enabling effective kinetic control of the hydrogenation, and the catalyst demonstrated excellent selectivity to alkene.
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29

Yuan, Hao, Zhao Wang, Shunjing Jin, et al. "Highly Enhanced Catalytic Stability of Copper by the Synergistic Effect of Porous Hierarchy and Alloying for Selective Hydrogenation Reaction." Catalysts 12, no. 1 (2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12010012.

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Supported copper has a great potential for replacing the commercial palladium-based catalysts in the field of selective alkynes/alkadienes hydrogenation due to its excellent alkene selectivity and relatively high activity. However, fatally, it has a low catalytic stability owing to the rapid oligomerization of alkenes on the copper surface. In this study, 2.5 wt% Cu catalysts with various Cu:Zn ratios and supported on hierarchically porous alumina (HA) were designed and synthesized by deposition–precipitation with urea. Macropores (with diameters of 1 μm) and mesopores (with diameters of 3.5 nm) were introduced by the hydrolysis of metal alkoxides. After in situ activation at 350 °C, the catalytic stability of Cu was highly enhanced, with a limited effect on the catalytic activity and alkene selectivity. The time needed for losing 10% butadiene conversion for Cu1Zn3/HA was ~40 h, which is 20 times higher than that found for Cu/HA (~2 h), and 160 times higher than that found for Cu/bulky alumina (0.25 h). It was found that this type of enhancement in catalytic stability was mainly due to the rapid mass transportation in hierarchically porous structure (i.e., four times higher than that in bulky commercial alumina) and the well-dispersed copper active site modified by Zn, with identification by STEM–HAADF coupled with EDX. This study offers a universal way to optimize the catalytic stability of selective hydrogenation reactions.
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30

Simlandy, Amit Kumar, Stephen R. Sardini, and M. Kevin Brown. "Construction of congested Csp3–Csp3 bonds by a formal Ni-catalyzed alkylboration." Chemical Science 12, no. 15 (2021): 5517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc00900a.

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31

Shi, Xianghui, Cuiping Hou, Lanxiao Zhao, Peng Deng, and Jianhua Cheng. "Mononuclear calcium complex as effective catalyst for alkenes hydrogenation." Chemical Communications 56, no. 38 (2020): 5162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc01745k.

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Mononuclear calcium unsubstituted alkyl complex [(Tp<sup>Ad,iPr</sup>)Ca{(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Ph}(THP)], proposed as the catalytic alkene hydrogenation intermediate, was isolated for the first time.
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32

Liu, Xiaoqin, Ting Liu, Wei Meng, and Haifeng Du. "Asymmetric hydrogenation of imines with chiral alkene-derived boron Lewis acids." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 45 (2018): 8686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob02446d.

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33

Abiraj, Keelara, Gejjalagere R. Srinivasa, and D. Channe Gowda. "Palladium-catalyzed simple and efficient hydrogenative cleavage of azo compounds using recyclable polymer-supported formate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 5 (2005): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-071.

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Palladium-catalyzed room temperature transfer hydrogenation of azo compounds using recyclable polymer-supported formate as the hydrogen donor produces corresponding amine(s) in excellent yields (88%–98%). This method was found to be highly facile with selectivity over a number of other functional groups such as halogen, alkene, nitrile, carbonyl, amide, methoxy, and hydroxyl.Key words: azo compounds, catalytic transfer hydrogenation, polymer-supported formate, 10% Pd-C, amines.
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34

Tumer, F., Y. Taskesenligil, A. Dastan, and M. Balci. "Attempted Synthesis of a Highly Strained Bicyclic Alkyne: Reaction of 8-Chloro-6,9-Dihydro-5,9-Methano-5h-Benzocycloheptene With Potassium T-Butoxide and an Anomalous Substitution Reaction at a Vinyl System." Australian Journal of Chemistry 49, no. 5 (1996): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9960599.

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Treatment of alkene (9) with N- bromosuccinimide gave a mixture of monobromides [(10) and (11)] which were hydrolysed to the corresponding exo alcohol (13). Oxidation of (13) and subsequent hydrogenation of unsaturated ketone (14) afforded the ketone (15). Ketone (15) was treated with PCl5, followed by potassium t- butoxide to give chloro alkene (8b). Reaction of (8b) with potassium t- butoxide resulted in the formation of unexpected allyl ether (18) whose formation mechanism has already been discussed.
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35

Kou, K. G. M., and V. M. Dong. "Tandem rhodium catalysis: exploiting sulfoxides for asymmetric transition-metal catalysis." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 21 (2015): 5844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob00083a.

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Sulfoxides are uncommon substrates for transition-metal catalysis due to their propensity to inhibit catalyst turnover. We have developed the first DKR of racemic allylic sulfoxides where rhodium catalyzed both sulfoxide epimerization and alkene hydrogenation.
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36

van der Puyl, Vincent, Ruairi O. McCourt, and Ryan A. Shenvi. "Cobalt-catalyzed alkene hydrogenation by reductive turnover." Tetrahedron Letters 72 (May 2021): 153047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153047.

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37

Dogra, Ashima, Ilaria Barlocco, Amritpal Singh, Ferenc Somodi, Alberto Villa, and Neeraj Gupta. "Metal free alkene hydrogenation by B-doped graphitic carbon nitride." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 9 (2020): 3024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy00488j.

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38

Phua, Pim-Huat, Laurent Lefort, Jeroen A. F. Boogers, Mar Tristany, and Johannes G. de Vries. "Soluble iron nanoparticles as cheap and environmentally benign alkene and alkyne hydrogenation catalysts." Chemical Communications, no. 25 (2009): 3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b820048c.

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39

Vilé, Gianvito, and Javier Pérez-Ramírez. "Beyond the use of modifiers in selective alkyne hydrogenation: silver and gold nanocatalysts in flow mode for sustainable alkene production." Nanoscale 6, no. 22 (2014): 13476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr02777a.

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40

Joanna Niziol and Tomasz Ruman. "Exceptionally Selective Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkene with Pinacolborane." Letters in Organic Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2012): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157017812800233723.

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41

Bauer, Heiko, Katharina Thum, Mercedes Alonso, Christian Fischer, and Sjoerd Harder. "Alkene Transfer Hydrogenation with Alkaline‐Earth Metal Catalysts." Angewandte Chemie 131, no. 13 (2019): 4292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201813910.

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42

Bauer, Heiko, Katharina Thum, Mercedes Alonso, Christian Fischer, and Sjoerd Harder. "Alkene Transfer Hydrogenation with Alkaline‐Earth Metal Catalysts." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 13 (2019): 4248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201813910.

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43

Yu, Xuetong, Yuxia Ji, Yan Jiang, Rui Lang, Yanxiong Fang, and Botao Qiao. "Recent Development of Single-Atom Catalysis for the Functionalization of Alkenes." Catalysts 13, no. 4 (2023): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13040730.

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The functionalization of alkenes is one of the most important conversions in synthetic chemistry to prepare numerous fine chemicals. Typical procedures, such as hydrosilylation and hydroformylation, are traditionally catalyzed using homogeneous noble metal complexes, while the highly reactive and stable heterogeneous single-atom catalysts (SACs) now provide alternative approaches to fulfill these conversions by combining the advantages of both homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts. In this review, the recent achievement in single-atom catalyzed hydrosilylation and hydroformylation reactions are introduced, and we highlight the latest applications of SACs for additive reactions, constructing new C-Y (Y = B, P, S, N) bonds on the terminal carbon atoms of alkenes, and then mention the applications in single-metal-atom catalyzed hydrogenation and epoxidation reactions. We also note that some tandem reactions are conveniently realized in one pot by the concisely fabricated SACs, facilitating the preparation of some pharmaceutical compounds. Lastly, the challenges facing single-atom catalysis for alkene conversions are briefly mentioned.
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44

Vasil’ev, Andrei A., Lars Engman, and Edward P. Serebryakov. "Alkene–alkyne metathesis and 1,4-cis-hydrogenation as a route to tetrasubstituted (Z)-olefins." Mendeleev Communications 10, no. 3 (2000): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/mc2000v010n03abeh001303.

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45

Bernauer, Josef, Guojiao Wu, and Axel Jacobi von Wangelin. "Iron-catalysed allylation–hydrogenation sequences as masked alkyl–alkyl cross-couplings." RSC Advances 9, no. 54 (2019): 31217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07604b.

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An iron-catalysed allylation of organomagnesium reagents (alkyl, aryl) with simple allyl acetates proceeds under mild conditions (Fe(OAc)<sub>2</sub> or Fe(acac)<sub>2</sub>, Et<sub>2</sub>O, r.t.) to furnish various alkene and styrene derivatives.
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46

Wang, Sen, Li Zhang, Pengfei Wang, et al. "Highly selective hydrogenation of CO2 to propane over GaZrOx/H-SSZ-13 composite." Nature Catalysis 5 (November 17, 2022): 1038–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00871-7.

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Selective hydrogenation of CO2 into value-added hydrocarbons, particularly single products, is of great interest. However, this is a challenge because of the simultaneous occurrence of numerous competing elementary reactions. Here a GaZrO<i>x</i>/H-SSZ-13 composite is developed, which shows propane selectivity in hydrocarbons of 79.5%, along with butane selectivity of 9.9% and CO selectivity of 31.8%, at CO2 conversion of 43.4%. Such catalytic performance can be well maintained within 500 h. Incorporation of proper amounts of Ga into ZrO2 promotes methanol formation due to generation of high concentrations of surface oxygen vacancies with moderate CO2 adsorption strength. The large number of strong-acid sites of H-SSZ-13 seriously restricts conversion of generated methanol into aromatics at high H2 pressure, suppressing the aromatics-based cycle and favouring the alkene-based cycle instead. Accordingly, far more propene and butene are obtained than ethene, although they are rapidly hydrogenated to corresponding alkanes on the strong-acid sites of H-SSZ-13.
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Mattson, Bruce, Wendy Foster, Jaclyn Greimann, et al. "Heterogeneous Catalysis: The Horiuti–Polanyi Mechanism and Alkene Hydrogenation." Journal of Chemical Education 90, no. 5 (2013): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed300437k.

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48

Greiner, Lasse, and Michel Brik Ternbach. "Kinetic Study of Homogeneous Alkene Hydrogenation by Model Discrimination." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 346, no. 11 (2004): 1392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200303220.

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49

Bauer, Heiko, Mercedes Alonso, Christian Fischer, Bastian Rösch, Holger Elsen, and Sjoerd Harder. "Simple Alkaline‐Earth Metal Catalysts for Effective Alkene Hydrogenation." Angewandte Chemie 130, no. 46 (2018): 15397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201810026.

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50

Wu, Yongmeng, Cuibo Liu, Changhong Wang, Yifu Yu, Yanmei Shi, and Bin Zhang. "Converting copper sulfide to copper with surface sulfur for electrocatalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation with water." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24059-y.

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AbstractElectrocatalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation to alkenes with water as the hydrogen source using a low-cost noble-metal-free catalyst is highly desirable but challenging because of their over-hydrogenation to undesired alkanes. Here, we propose that an ideal catalyst should have the appropriate binding energy with active atomic hydrogen (H*) from water electrolysis and a weaker adsorption with an alkene, thus promoting alkyne semi-hydrogenation and avoiding over-hydrogenation. So, surface sulfur-doped and -adsorbed low-coordinated copper nanowire sponges are designedly synthesized via in situ electroreduction of copper sulfide and enable electrocatalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation with over 99% selectivity using water as the hydrogen source, outperforming a copper counterpart without surface sulfur. Sulfur anion-hydrated cation (S2−-K+(H2O)n) networks between the surface adsorbed S2− and K+ in the KOH electrolyte boost the production of active H* from water electrolysis. And the trace doping of sulfur weakens the alkene adsorption, avoiding over-hydrogenation. Our catalyst also shows wide substrate scopes, up to 99% alkenes selectivity, good reducible groups compatibility, and easily synthesized deuterated alkenes, highlighting the promising potential of this method.
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