Academic literature on the topic 'Alkane And Alkene'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Alkane And Alkene.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alkane And Alkene"

1

Peter, Sebastian. "Oxyfunctionalization of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes by unspecific peroxygenase (EC 1.11.2.1)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-113321.

Full text
Abstract:
Unspecific peroxygenase (EC 1.11.2.1) represents a group of secreted hemethiolate proteins that are capable of catalyzing the selective mono-oxygenation of diverse organic compounds using only H2O2 as a cosubstrate. In this study, the peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) was found to catalyze the hydroxylation of various linear (e.g n-hexane), branched (e.g. 2,3-dimethylbutane) and cyclic alkanes (e.g. cyclohexane). The size of n-alkane substrates converted by AaeUPO ranged from gaseous propane (C3) to n-hexadecane (C16). They were mono-hydroxylated mainly at the C2 and C3 position, rather than at the terminal carbon, and the corresponding ketones were formed as a result of overoxidation. In addition, a number of alkenes were epoxidized by AaeUPO, including linear terminal (e.g. 1-heptene), branched (2-methyl-2-butene) and cyclic alkenes (e.g. cyclopentene), as well as linear and cyclic dienes (buta-1,3-diene, cyclohexa-1,4-diene). Furthermore, the conversion of terminal alkynes (e.g. 1- octyne) gave the corresponding 1-alkyn-3-ol in low yield. Some of the reactions proceeded with complete regioselectivity and - in the case of linear alkanes, terminal linear alkenes and alkynes - with moderate to high stereoselectivity. The conversion of n-octane gave (R)-3-octanol with 99% enantiomeric excess (ee) and the preponderance of the (S)-enantiomer reached up to 72% ee of the epoxide product for the conversion of 1-heptene. Catalytic efficiencies (kcat/ Km) determined for the hydroxylation and respectively epoxidation of the model compounds cyclohexane and 2-methyl-2-butene were 2.0 × 103 M-1 s-1 and 2.5 × 105 M−1 s−1. The results obtained in the deuterium isotope effect experiment with semideuterated n-hexane and the radical clock experiment with norcarane clearly demonstrated that the hydroxylation of alkanes proceeds via hydrogen abstraction, the formation of a substrate radical and a subsequent oxygen rebound mechanism. Moreover, stopped-flow experiments and substrate kinetics proved the involvement of a porphyrin radical cation species (compound I; AaeUPO-I) as reactive intermediate in the catalytic cycle of AaeUPO, similar to other hemethiolate enzymes (e.g. cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, P450s)<br>Die Gruppe der Unspezifischen Peroxygenasen (EC 1.11.2.1) umfasst extrazelluläre Häm-Thiolat-Enzyme, die mittels H2O2 als Cosubstrat die selektive Monooxygenierung unterschiedlicher organischer Verbindungen katalysieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die von Agrocybe aegerita sekretierte Peroxygenase (AaeUPO) verschiedene lineare (z. B. n-Hexan), verzweigte (z. B. 2,3-Dimethylbutan) und zyklische Alkane (z. B. Cyclohexan) hydroxyliert. Die Größe der von der AaeUPO umgesetzten Substrate reichte vom gasförmigen Propan (C3) bis hin zu n-Hexadekan (C16). Die Alkane wurden bevorzugt am zweiten und dritten Kohlenstoffatom (C2 und C3) hydroxyliert; eine Hydroxylierung am terminalen Kohlenstoff konnte nur vereinzelt und in geringem Umfang beobachtet werden. Die Überoxidationen der primär gebildeten, sekundären Alkohole führte außerdem zur Entstehung der entsprechenden Ketonderivate. Darüber hinaus wurde eine Vielzahl linearer terminaler (z. B. 1-Hepten), verzweigter (z. B. 2-Methyl-2-Buten) und zyklischer Alkene (z. B. Cyclopenten) sowie linearer und zyklischer Diene (1,3-Butadien, 1,4-Cyclohexadien) durch die AaeUPO epoxidiert. Die Umsetzung terminaler Alkine (z. B. 1-Octin) führte zur Entstehung der jeweiligen 1-Alkin-3-ole. Manche dieser Reaktionen verliefen ausgeprägt regioselektiv und, im Falle der linearen Alkane sowie der linearen terminalen Alkene und Alkine, mit mittlerer bis hoher Stereoselektivität. So ergab beispielsweise die Umsetzung von n-Octan einen Enantiomerenüberschuss größer 99% für (R)-3-Octanol; die Epoxidierung von 1-Hepten lieferte einen Enatiomeerenüberschuss (ee) von bis zu 72% für das (S)-Enantiomer. Die katalytischen Effizienzen, die für die Hydroxylierung bzw. Epoxidierung der Modellverbindungen Cyclohexan und 2-Methyl-2-Buten ermittelt wurden, betragen 2.0 × 103 M-1 s-1 und 2.5 × 105 M−1 s−1. Der ausgeprägte Deuterium-Isotopen-Effekt, der im Zuge der Umsetzung von semideuteriertem n-Hexan beobachtet wurde sowie die Ergebnisse des Radical-Clock-Experiments mit Norcarane als Substrat bestätigten, dass die Hydroxylierung von Alkanen über Wasserstoffabstraktion, die Bildung eines Substratradikals und anschließende direkte Sauerstoffrückbindung verläuft. Die Stopped-Flow-Experimente belegen zudem das Auftreten eines Porphyrin-Kationradikal-Intermediates (Compound I; AaeUPO-I) im katalytischen Zyklus der AaeUPO (vergleichbar mit dem reaktiven Intermediat der P450-Monooxygenasen)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ly, Mai Anh. "Evaluation of components for the heterologous expression of Mycobacterium chubuense NBB4 monooxygenases." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11638.

Full text
Abstract:
Bacterial monooxygenases have important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen, as well as potential applications in biocatalysis of pharmaceutically important epoxides, and bioremediation of chlorinated pollutants. However, use of monooxygenases for biotechnology requires understanding of microbial physiology and the catalytic properties (e.g. substrate range and kinetic parameters) of monooxygenases themselves. Heterologous expression of monooxygenases is one way to advance our fundamental knowledge of MO functions, and also to enable future applications. This project focused on designing a new heterologous expression system for monooxygenases, using the soluble di-iron ethene monooxygenase (EtnMO) and the particulate copper hydrocarbon monooxygenase (HMO) from Mycobacterium strain NBB4 as models. The new Mycobacterium/E. coli shuttle vector (pMycoFos) allows stable cloning of the EtnMO and HMO enzymes in E. coli, and functional expression of these in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2-155. This study evaluated the requirement for accessory proteins such as chaperonins and catalase peroxidase in the hydrocarbon metabolism of strain NBB4, and charactersied three such proteins (Cpn60.1, Cpn10, and KatG) by expression and purification in E. coli. Although co-expression of these proteins did not enhance MO activity in M. smegmatis, evidence for a role for KatG in alkane metabolism was obtained from the higher peroxidase activity seen in butane-grown cells relative to cells grown on acetate. Codon-optimisation was tested as a means of enabling expression of the EtnMO genes in E. coli, but this approach was not successful. However, possible evidence for the importance of codon usage was obtained from experiments on heterologous expression of the EtnMO in Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440. This high-GC bacterium was capable of expression of the unmodified EtnMO genes. This is the first example of functional expression of an alkene monooxygenase (group 4 SDIMO) in a gram-negative organism.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Yip, Wing-ping, and 葉永平. "Alkane C-H bond oxidations and alkene dihydroxylations by oxorutheniumcomplexes of chelating tertiary amine ligands." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31246254.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wagener, Alex [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Ernst. "Adsorptive Trennung von Gemischen kurzkettiger Alkane und Alkene an nanostrukturierten porösen Adsorbentien / Alex Wagener. Betreuer: Stefan Ernst." Kaiserslautern : Universitätsbibliothek Kaiserslautern, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021529036/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Prat, Casellas Irene. "Bioinspired non-heme iron catalysts for challenging oxidative transformations: mechanistic studies and catalytic applications on selective alkane hydroxylation and alkene cis-dihydroxilation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117778.

Full text
Abstract:
The functionalization of hydrocarbons in a sustainable manner is one of the main challenges for chemists. Their abundance in nature as natural gas or crude oil makes them the most convenient chemical feedstock. The oxidation of hydrocarbons is one of the most interesting reactions, because the introduction of an oxygen atom introduces functionality in these molecules, increasing their value as reagents for further chemical transformation. However, these reactions are fundamentally difficult due to the low reactivity of alkyl C-H bonds. Current available methodologies involve highly reactive-oxidizing reagents, high temperatures and long-time reactions in order to overcome this lack of reactivity. These harsh conditions introduce drawbacks in terms of chemo- and regioselectivity, essential to produce synthetic valuable products. An important step forward is the development of one-step oxidation methodologies, allowing the oxidation of C-H and C=C with high regio- and stereoselectivity. Natural systems, such as iron enzymes, are capable of perform this chemistry with high selectivity and efficiency. Iron is the most abundant metallic element in the earth and is essential for live. In addition, this lack of toxicity makes it and attractive material to substitute more toxic and expensive metals currently used. One of the main objective of this thesis is design of iron complexes that mimics the structure and function of these natural enzymes with the aim of find new methodologies for the selective C-H and C=C bond oxidation using green conditions. Furthermore, the study of these compounds could give useful information about the oxidation mechanisms operating in oxygenase enzymes. The results obtained in this thesis clarify the mechanism by which the oxidation of the C-H bond with retention of stereochemistry takes place at a mononuclear non-heme iron site, and evidence the formation of a high valent iron (V) capable of perform the cis-dihydroxylation of alkenes. Furthermore, a new complex is described as an efficient and selective catalyst capable of performing this chemistry in a scale amenable for synthetic applications<br>La funcionalització d'hidrocarburs de manera sostenible i eficaç és un dels principals reptes per la química moderna, degut a que la seva abundància natural els fa una important matèria primera. L'oxidació d'hidrocarburs és una de les reaccions més interessants, ja que la introducció d’un àtom d’oxigen en l’estructura d’un hidrocarburs li confereix funcionalitat química, fa augmentar el seu valor i els converteix en reactius adients per subseqüents transformacions químiques. No obstant això, aquestes reaccions són difícils a causa de la inherent baixa reactivitat dels hidrocarburs. Les metodologies actualment disponibles impliquen la utilització d’espècies altament oxidants i tòxiques, altes temperatures i llargs temps de reacció per tal de superar aquesta manca de reactivitat. Aquestes condicions extremes eviten que la química es pugui dur a terme de manera selectiva, fet essencial per produir productes d’alt valor sintètic. Un avanç important és el desenvolupament de metodologies de reacció suaus que permetin l'oxidació d'enllaços C-H i C=C amb alta regio- i estereoselectivitat. Els sistemes naturals, com ara enzims de ferro, són capaços de realitzar aquesta química. El ferro és l’element metàl•lic més abundant a la terra i és clau per nombrosos processos vitals, a més la seva baixa toxicitat el fa un atractiu material per substituir els elements de segona i tercera seria de transició més cars i tòxics emprats actualment. Un dels principals objectius d’aquesta tesi és dissenyar catalitzadors de ferro que imiten l’estructura i la funció dels enzims naturals per tal de trobar una nova metodologia que permeti l'oxidació selectiva d'enllaços C-H i C=C utilitzant condicions suaus i mediambientalment més benignes que les metodologies tradicionals. A més, l’estudi d’aquests sistemes pot donar informació útil sobre el mecanisme d’oxidació del propi enzim. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi aclareixen el mecanisme pel qual es duu a terme la hidroxilació de l’enllaç C-H amb retenció de la estereoselectivitat en centres mononuclears de ferro, i evidencien la formació d’una espècie de ferro (V) d’alt estat d’oxidació capaç de catalitzar la cis-dihidroxilació d’alquens. A més a més, es descobreix un catalitzador eficient i selectiu capaç de dur a terme aquesta química en condicions d’escala preparativa
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Haak, Edgar. "Titankatalysatoren für die intermolekulare Hydroaminierung von Alkinen und Alkenen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964517639.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Groaz, Elisabetta. "Alkene and alkyne metathesis reactions using ruthenium initiators." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440449.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mehta, Brinda Mayank. "Green Resins based on Alkene- and Alkyne-containing Triglycerides." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468795161.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Pongtavornpinyo, Ruti. "Indium Carbenes Alkenes and Alkanes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508494.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Edwards, Andrew R. "Polyfluorinated alkenes and alkynes." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4772/.

Full text
Abstract:
The research described within this thesis may be divided into four main subject areas: 1) The use of (Z)-2H-heptafluorobut-2-ene (10) as a synthon for hexafluorobut- 2-yne (4) in Diels-Alder reactions was investigated. Novel 'one-pot' routes to a variety of bis(trifluoromethyl) substituted furan and arene derivatives were discovered, along with the synthesis of the novel diene, bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentadiene (46), from cyclopentadiene.2) A variety of nucleophiles were successfully reacted with (10), the products of which were identical to those that have been, or would be expected to be, formed from the reaction of the same nucleophile with (4). A novel route to a fluorinated quinoline derivative was also discovered.3) Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (74) was used as a 'bulking agent' to replace the hydrocarbon solvent used in halogen exchange reactions for the preparation of octafluorocyclopentene (3), chlorofluoro -pyridine, -pyrimidine, and -benzene derivatives. New 'one-pot' syntheses of hexafluorobut-2-yne (4), octafluorobut-2-ene (6) and hexafluorocyclobutene (2) were also discovered.4) Various routes were explored in an attempt to improve the present literature preparations of tetrafluoropropyne (79), including pyrolysis and elimination methods. Tetrafluoroallene (81), and trace amounts of (79), were found to be formed on the elimination of hydrogen fluoride from 2H-pentafluoropropene (5).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!