Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alimentation d'humain et des animaux'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Alimentation d'humain et des animaux.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Yaseen, Muhammad Rizwan. "Modèles d'équilibre partiel pour les pays d'Asie du Sud : Déterminants et évolution de l'offre et de la demande pour l'alimentation d'humain et des animaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-04136321.
Full textBeing the most populous countries of South Asia, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh together represents about forty percent of the world total undernourished population. Thus, these three countries are of particular interest in food and feed analysis. On supply side, the own and cross gross product elasticities for each crop are calculated by translog model. The crop areas of the major crops (wheat and rice) are weakly gross product responsive as compared to the minor crops. On demand side, revenue elasticities and the own and cross uncompensated price elasticities of main vegetal products and animal products taken separately as well as together are calculated for these countries by using the LA-AIDS model. It appeared that main food products in these countries like wheat, rice, eggs and milk are relatively less price elastic as compared to other food (vegetal oils, sugar). When expenditure rises in these countries, then Pakistani and Indian consumer diversify their consumption from cereals to other products (milk, eggs) more than Bangladeshi. The own and cross price elasticities for different feed products are calculated by using regression model and translog model on pseudo data generated by a feed nutritional formulation for these three countries. It appeared that in these countries, wheat and rice are consumed directly on farm level by animals to some extent. Total brans and molasses are relatively high price elastic in Pakistan and India but relatively inelastic in Bangladesh. Maize is highly price elastic and substitute of brans in three countries. The partial equilibrium model for each of the three countries implemented in the GAMS with nonlinear solver COUENNE has allowed the realization of various scenarios for 2009 and 2025. These scenarios calculated influence of variation in key exogenous parameters (population, per capita income, total cultivated area, animal production and yields of various crops) on domestic prices, area and quantities (, production, consumption, external trade) from the actual situation of 2009. The scenario of limiting the increase in the overall deficit of Southeast Asia between 2009 and 2025 (in order to promote intra-zone exchange) would be more beneficial for Pakistan as compared to the other two countries while the scenario to control and harmonize the evolution of agricultural prices in the three countries would be more beneficial for India compared to the other two countries. In the conclusion the main limitations and some ways of improving these partial equilibrium models are presented with previous qualitative results
Legagneux, Pierre Bretagnolle Vincent Groscolas René. "Compromis entre alimentation et risque de prédation chez les canards hivernants Une approche multi-échelles /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/841/01/LEGAGNEUX_Pierre_2007.pdf.
Full textThèse en français avec des extraits de publication en anglais. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 80-97.
Pastorelli, Hélène. "Réponses d’ingestion et de croissance de porcs sevrés suite à une perturbation de leur santé." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSARA070.
Full textTo limit health disturbances is a challenge for the pig industry. The objectives of this study are to quantify the feed intake and growth responses of pigs following different sanitary challenges, to describe the adaptive dynamic responses of pigs to common farming practices in combination with the sanitary conditions, and to determine the consequences of a feed restriction on these adaptive responses. For major health disturbances that may occur in commercial pig production settings, feed intake and growth responses were quantified by a meta-analysis using data of 122 peer-reviewed experiments. The intensity of these responses differed among sanitary challenges, suggesting differences in the physiopathological mechanisms implied. The reduction in growth is partly due to a reduction in feed intake but also due to changes in digestion and metabolism. The contribution of changes in digestion and metabolism to the response was most prominent for sanitary challenges that directly affected the gastrointestinal tract. In the experimental part of this study, farming practices of feed restriction after weaning and building changes had short-term negative effects on performance, health status and behavior of pigs irrespective of the sanitary conditions. In poor sanitary conditions, the negative consequences of feed restriction worsened in the course of time. The degradation of sanitary conditions, as its interaction with feed restriction, led to an increase in the time to recover the level of performance and behavior observed before the building change. The results of this study are a first step to taking into account health factors in predictive growth models such as InraPorc®. These models can be used tools to test strategies supporting the adaptation of the animal to its environment. Key words: weaned pigs, health, nutrition, adaptation, meta-analyzis
Mosnier, Emmanuelle. "Métabolisme peri partum et consommation alimentaire de la truie en début de lactation : implication du tryptophane." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARH079.
Full textA rapide increase in feed intake after farrowing is necessary to provide sufficient amounts of energy and nutrients for milk production and to limit the mobilization of the body reserves of the sow. This thesis was undertaken to describe the metabolism of the sow during the peri partum period, i. E. Between the few days around farrowing, and to elucidate whether insulin resistance and/or the dietary level of typtophan can modulate the level of feed intake during early lactation. The relationship with the emotional reactivity was also evaluated. The increase of glucose requirement of the fetuses and of energy requirement of the sow during late pregnancy induces an increase in the insulin resistance associated with a rise in the catabolism of sow body reserves. Farrowing, colostrums production, and then, milk production need a very high amount of energy and protein. The voluntary feed intake of the sow during early lactation can be impaired through a high emotional reactivity and a high insulin resistance during late pregnancy. A high emotional reactivity and a high insulin resistance during late pregnancy. A high emotional reactivity is also associated with a behavior less favourable to piglet survival during farrowing. Finally a slight excess in the dietary tryptophan level does not clearly modify the insulin resistance of the primiparous sow during the peri partum period neither during early lactation
Arista, Puigferrat Enrique. "Digestion comparée chez les ovins et les caprins : effets du passé alimentaire des animaux et de la nature du régime." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS070.
Full textCouture, Catherine. "Modélisation de l'utilisation du phosphore et du calcium alimentaires chez le poulet de chair." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66286.
Full textCoeuret, Valérie. "Lactobacilles probiotiques en alimentation animale et d'origine fromagère : dénombrement, identification, propriétés et usage spécifique." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2026.
Full textHorard-Herbin, Marie-Pierre. "L'élevage et les productions animales dans l'économie de la fin du second âge du fer à Levroux (Indre)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010565.
Full textThis thesis is an archaeozoological study of an important site located in the center of Gaule, Levroux (Indre), and the work which has been done is based on the study of 200 000 animals bones. The purpose of this study is to show the importance of the various animal production in the economy of the second iron age. This site has been occupied for a very long period, from la Tène c2 until the gallo-roman period : this situation provides an unique opportunity to investigate on the contribution of the breeding of the animals and on the evolution of this contribution. This study allow to demonstrate an important transformation and also a specialization of the economic system during the second and the first century b. C. The main characteristics are the development of a local trade and also of a long distance trade both being based on the living animals, and on the animals productions (specially meat). Our conclusion joints out that the relationship between humans being and animals has determinated most of the social and economic transformations which occurred in the society of the second Iron Age
Tran, Hiep. "Qualification en spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge (SPIR) de l'azote et des fibres des ressources alimentaires et de leur utilisation digestive par le bétail laitier en milieux tropicaux (Réunion-Vietnam." La Réunion, 2009. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/09_03_hiep_tran.pdf.
Full textThe thesis focused on the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technique as a simple and rapid tool that helps farmers to use efficiently their feed resources for diary diet in La Réunion and in Vietnam. Two experiments were carried out on forage pastures and on farm to analyse zootechnical and environmental efficiences of cattle diet ;and to develop NIRS prediction equations for fiber and protein fractions, in particularly protein fractions to fibers (NDF-IP and ADF-IP) in forages for studying some variation factors of these components ; and to develop prediction models for milk yield, diet intake and quality using faecal NIRS. Results were present under publication form with 5 articles. The first one presented results on the typology of feed systems in two regions (La Réunion and Vietnam) that permitted to optimize the feed utilisation in term of both zoo technical and environmental efficiencies. The second article was studies some factor (species, climate and fertilization) affecting on fiber and protein fractions in forages. Results obtained contributed an important knowledge for farmers to improve feed utilisation. The 3rd and 4th ones showed the potential of faecal NIRS prediction models for milk yield and diet intake (DM, UFL, PDI). The 5th article concerning the comparison of different approaches for the development of faecal NIRS prediction models for diet quality presented the high predictive performance of LOCAL calibration compared with GLOBAL calibration. As a conclusion, developed NIRS prediction model permitted to help farmers make their optimal feeding management decision at various stages of the production cycle. Furthermore, the thesis suggested new orientation in ruminant research in term of improvement of fiber and protein utilisation in respecting all conditions for agricultural durable development
Lodé, Thierry. "Dynamique des relations trophiques de Mustela putorius et de ses proies : signification adaptative des variabilités interindividuelles des stratégies de prédation." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10046.
Full textKarege, Callixte. "Influence de l'âge et du sexe sur l'utilisation de l'énergie et la composition corporelle chez le porc en croissance." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20277.
Full textLétourneau, Montminy Marie-Pierre. "Modélisation du métabolisme phosphocalcique chez le porc et le poulet en croissance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20971.
Full textRobert, Marie. "Développement d'hydrolysats pour l'alimentation des animaux d'aquaculture : caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2050.
Full textGlobal production of farmed fish and shrimp has grown dramatically over the past decades and now contributes to half of the aquatic products intended for human consumption. Aquaculture is a key sector for the maintenance and improvement of food security worldwide. However, its rapid growth has a significant impact on the environment, particularly on the stocks of wild fish used to produce aqua feed. In this context, aqua feed has dramatically evolved and has been adapted to many economic and environmental constraints. The use of fishmeal has particularly declined in favor of plant protein sources. But plant proteins are less adapted to the nutritional needs of fish and result in lower growth performances. Protein hydrolysates from fishing and aquaculture by-products are ingredients of high nutritional and bioactive potential developed to restore growth performances in high-level plant protein diets. They are rich in hydrolytic peptides and free amino acids, but they are complex mixtures whose composition is not well known. We developed an experimental approach to characterize the peptide fraction of two by-product hydrolysates based on two complementary approaches: a transcriptomics approach aimed at getting transcriptomics data about the targeted by-products, and a peptidomics approach. The peptidomics approach combined the optimization of fractionation steps and two complementary mass spectrometry techniques. Thus we identified more than 1,000 peptides in the two by-product hydrolysates. Furthermore, diet conditioning experiments conducted in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, highlighted their interesting nutritional properties to maintain growth performances of farmed fish. Indeed, dietary inclusion of 5\% of these hydrolysates in a high-level plant protein diet (95%) maintained growth performances at similar levels to those obtained with diets containing 80% of plant protein. In addition, we demonstrated an influence of these by-product hydrolysates on the digestive physiology of sea bass, as shown by biomarker expression in the intestinal absorption profiles observed in the study. Finally, our work shows that (i) both hydrolysates possess in vitro antibacterial activity and (ii) tilapia hydrolysate stimulates the immune system of sea bass. These results demonstrate the interest of using these two hydrolysates in aquaculture in addition to or instead of fishmeal
Legagneux, Pierre. "Compromis entre alimentation et risque de prédation chez les canards hivernants : une approche multi-échelles." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173602.
Full textMélançon, Sébastien. "Caractérisation de la réactivité vasculaire et des actions hémodynamiques de l'insuline chez le rat spontanément hypertendu nourri avec une alimentation sucrosée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22354/22354.pdf.
Full textSeveral clinical studies carried out in humans have demonstrated an association between hypertension, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. The same association has also been shown in several animal models, including the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and the high sucrose-fed rat. Consequently, we undertook a series of experiments to characterize the effects of hypertension combined with those of a high sucrose diet on insulin sensitivity, insulin’s haemodynamic and metabolic actions, endothelial function and in vivo and in vitro vascular reactivity. Our results clearly indicate significant alterations in aortic vascular reactivity, as well as in insulin haemodynamic responses measured during a euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp in the SHR rat. These effects were independent of diet. We also noted a decrease in skeletal muscle glucose transport activity and in eNOS protein expression.
Bernardeau, Marion. "Aspects sécuritaires et probiotiques de deux lactobacilles pour application à la production porcine et à la prévention de pathologie à Brachyspira." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2017.
Full textGoñi, Nicolas. "Habitat et écologie trophique du germon (Thunnus alalunga) dans l'Atlantique Nord-Est : variabilité, implications sur la dynamique de la population." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3033.
Full textHabitat and trophic ecology of albacore (Thunnus alalunga) in the North-East Atlantic were studied through (1) the analysis of annual catch per unit of effort (CPUE), (2) sonic tracking and echosounding, (3) stomach content analysis and (4) fat content measurements. The vertical habitat of smaller individuals appears shallower, and limited by the seasonal thermocline in the case of age-2 albacore. An important geographical variability of the diet is shown, and suggests a possible geographical variability in the associated feeding behaviour. Stomach repletion appears higher, and ability to store energy lower and more variable in smaller individuals, which suggests higher energetic needs for these individuals. These results have implications on three aspects regarding the exploitation and assessment of the population: - a variability in the catchability of age-2 albacore, related to the variability of their thermal vertical habitat, can induce an important fishing mortality when their thermal habitat favours high catchabilty levels, and introduce a bias in the stock assessment if the environmental influences on catchability are not taken into account. - a geographical variability of albacore catchability by trolling and baitboat, related to the geographical variability of their feeding behaviour, could also introduce a bias in CPUE standardization. - a higher natural mortality in smaller individuals, due to important energetic needs related to their growth and to their physiological restrictions
Atgié, Claude. "Prise alimentaire et niveau de l'activité adrénergique périphérique chez un rongeur hibernant, le Lérot Eliomys quercinus L." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30059.
Full textLaurencia, Razaka Elisabeth. "Incidence des alcaloi͏̈des quinolizidiniques sur l'utilisation digestive des matières azotées des graines du lupin : L. mutabilis et L. albus : étude in situ chez le ruminant et in vitro." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT031A.
Full textKorkian, Yavar. "Caractérisation du potentiel de champ locale dans le cortex préfrontal médian du rat durant le stress et la prise alimentaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27235.
Full textStress has been playing important role in maintaining daily life quality. Exposure to stressful situation may cause vast varieties of neuropsychiatric brain disorders associated with sleep related problems, depression, digestive problems and eating disorders. Treatments of such stress-related disorders are costly all across the world. Nowadays, significant consideration has been raised in order to find the appropriate ways for prevention rather than later spending more budgets on treatments. In this way, animals’ modeling and studying the stress-related disorders is one of the most reliable ways for deeper understanding the stress-related problems. This project aimed to reveal the modulation of local field potentials (LFPs) that carries important information about neuronal activities within very specific domains during sucrose consumption in two conditions encompassing non-stressful control condition and acutely foot shock stressed condition in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the rat’s brain. The mPFC plays an important role in stress response and anxiety via its interaction with hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. The results of this project revealed that licks mostly occurred in the first 15-min of access to palatable sucrose solution in either non-stressful control or stressful conditions. Also, acute foot shock stress significantly affects the 1-h intake of sucrose by decreasing the volume of intake. It also revealed the mPFC prominent theta band oscillation during both baseline and sucrose ingestion in non-stressful and stressful conditions. Moreover, the results showed an increase in power of delta and theta oscillation bands on the licking initiation onsets. This project reveals detailed information on the electrophysiological properties of IL cortex of mPFC in response to exposure to stressful condition and intake of palatable sucrose solution. This project also helps to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms of mPFC neurons in response to the exposure to stressful condition following by sucrose intake. This project also helped to confirm the anorectic effects of stress and also suggested that the neuronal synchronization in the IL cortex may play a role in licking behavior and showed desynchronization in the IL during licking after exposure to stressful conditions.
Guillemet, Rozenn. "Incidence de l'incorporation de fibres alimentaires dans l’aliment de gestation, et de facteurs individuels sur le comportement alimentaire et les performances de la truie allaitante." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S084.
Full textFougerat, Alain. "Influence d'additifs alimentaires et d'antibiotiques utilisés en alimentation animale sur la méthanisation des lisiers de porc." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO11730.
Full textPieragnoli, Joan. "La cour et les animaux sous les Bourbons." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040190.
Full textThis study does not focus in on animals as much as it questions the way they have been used by men and the part they played in the development of court life. In the first part, I address the relation between man and animal in the court context, from the standpoint of the architectural forms, administrative structures as well as the social and legal framework, in which the relation blossomed during the transition of 16th to the 17th century (chapter I to III). Chapter IV deals with yet another aspect of the man-animal relation, describing the use of the latter for alimentary purposes. The second part questions the animals’ participation in the court dynamics, at a point when, beginning with Louis XIII’s reign, courtization accelerated. My first concern was to give a detailed account of the animal’s role in the conception of the cultural models conveyed by propaganda and sponsorship originating from princes (chapter V and chapter VI). On the internal level, chapter VII and VIII describe the way the development of hunting crews and the codification of royal hunts participate in courtization. In the third part, I examine the impact of the court’s settlement on animal populations and the development of zoological architecture. Chapter IX describes the Ménagerie of Versailles, while the next one addresses the joint process of institutionalization of scientific patronage. Finally, in chapter XI and XII, I argue that the selective distribution of animals depending on the court residencies had an impact on spatial organization
Jallier, Vincent. "Digestion des galacto-oligosaccharides et effets nutritionnels chez le poulet de chair." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL039N.
Full textToday soyabean meal is largely used in the nutrition of monogastric animaIs. However, its digestibUity seerns not to be optimal for broiler chickens. Soya contains various molecules considered as indigestible, like galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), which L. Might be at least partly responsible for the limited value of metabolisable energy in chickens. The fact that GOS carmot be hydrolyzed by the endogenous enzymes of the host represents a loss of energy. Although the GOS can be fermented in the caeca, their contribution to the energetic balance value is unclear. Ln addition it is assumed that the presence of GOS in a feed has a negative impact on its energetic value. Ln the literature the effects of GOS on the nutritive value of a feed are still unclear because, even if GOS are considered as anti-nutritional factors, their presence in a feed is not correlated with a clear reduction of animal performance. A first experiment with concentration of GOS close to that of feed used in the poultry industry could not demonstrate anti-nutritional properties of these molecules. A second type of experiment based on the substitution of basal feed by GOS (replacement method) was performed to evaluate the energetic value of the GOS in vivo and deterrnine their effects on caecal fermentation, intestinal transit time and more generally on the digestibility of the feed. Ln addition an in vitro experiment was carried out to study the influence on the fermentation profile in relation to the quantities of GOS added. The results of the experiments showed that there is substantial pre-caecal disappearance of GOS from the gut, although the principal site of degradation is the caeca. The contribution of GOS to the energetic value of the feed seerns to be neutral despite an acceleration of the intestinal transit and a reduction of the dry matter digestibUity which were observed when high quantities of GOS were ingested. The fermentation pathway in the caeca was influenced dose-dependently a daily intake of "medium quantities" of GOS stirnulated the production of short chain fatty acids (AGCC) while the intake of "high quantities" of GOS decreased the production of AGCC and sti. Rnulated the production of lactate. The results obtained during the thesis showed that the major anti-nutritional consequence of the presenœ of GOS in the feed is a dilution of the digestible dry matter used by the animal for its growth
Cisse, M'ballou, and M'ballou Cisse. "Comparaison de différentes techniques de prétraitement et de séchage sur la charge microbienne, les caractéristiques physicochimiques et nutritionnelles des larves de mouches soldats noires (Hermetia illucens) comme aliment alternatif pour l'alimentation animale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37548.
Full textLes larves de mouches soldat noires (Hermetiaillucens, HI) sont une source alternative de protéines et d’énergie pour l’alimentation du bétail. De nombreux aspects liés à l’optimisation des procédés de transformation pour assurer l’innocuité, la conservation et la qualité nutritionnelle de ce nouvel ingrédient sont cependant encore peu connus. Cette étude vise à optimiser les techniques de conditionnement et de séchage des larves pour réduire efficacement leur contenu en eau et leur charge microbienne, afin d’établir les paramètres de transformation en une farine de larves respectant les exigences de l’Agence canadienne d’inspection des aliments, tout en minimisant les impacts négatifs sur la qualité nutritionnelle. Après 10 jours d’alimentation sur une diète de contrôle Gainesville à 27°C et 70% d’humidité, les larves de mouches HI ont été récoltées par immersion, rincées à l’eau stérile, emballées sous vide pour être congelées, et ainsi euthanasiées, à -40°C (n=3 productions). Après décongélation, des aliquotes de 30g/traitement (n= 3) ont été prétraitées, ou non, par blanchiment (100°C/40s), ébouillantage (100°C/2, 4, 6 et 8min) ou perforées mécaniquement avant d’être séchées à air chaud (60°C) ou lyophilisées (40°C) jusqu’à une activité de l’eau finale ≤ 0,3 pour la farine de larve. La qualité microbiologique des larves a été évaluée par dénombrement incluant les aérobes mésophiles totaux (AMT), Pseudomonasspp., Listeriaspp., les bactéries lactiques présomptives, les entérobactéries et les coliformes. L’impact des techniques de séchage sur les propriétés physicochimiques et nutritionnelles a été déterminé par la couleur (L*, a*, b*, ∆E), le pH des larves avant et après transformation, l’oxydation des lipides (TBARS, Xylénol Orange) ainsi quela teneur en lipides et en protéines. Nos analyses ont montré que la contamination initiale des larves en AMT (9 log ufc/g de larves fraîches sur base sèche) pouvait être réduite de l’ordre de 3 à 4 log ufc/g après prétraitement suivi d’un séchage à air chaud (60°C). L’ébouillantage pendant 4min à 100 °C suivi d’un séchage à l’air chaud à 60 °C pendant 6h se sont avérés être les paramètres à suivre pour un traitement optimal. La présence d’une cuticule recouverte de cires, qui réduit la déshydratation chez les larves vivantes, pourrait bien constituer un frein notable à l’évaporation lors du séchage.
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL) are an alternative source of protein and energy for livestock feeding. Many aspects related to process optimization to ensure the safety, conservation and nutritional quality of this new ingredient are still unknown. The presence of a wax-coated cuticle, to reduce drying of the larvae, constitutes a barrierto evaporation. The purpose of this study was to optimize larval conditioning and drying techniques to effectively reduce their water content and microbial load in order to establish the processing parameters into larval meal required by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency while minimizing negative impacts on nutritional quality. After 10 days of feeding on a Gainesville control diet at 27°Cand 70% moisture, BSFL were collected by sieving, they were rinsed with sterile water, packaged under vacuum, frozen at -40°C (n=3 replicates). After thawing, aliquots of 30g/treatment (n=3) were pretreated, or not, by blanching (100°C for 40s), boiling (100°C for 2, 4, 6 or 8 min) or mechanically perforated before being hot-air dried (60°C) or freeze-dried (40°C) until a final water activity ≤0.3 was obtained for the larval meal. The microbiological quality of the larvae was assessed by enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic (AMT), Pseudomonasspp., Listeriaspp., presumptive lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms. The impact of drying techniques on physicochemical and nutritional properties have been evaluated using colour (L*, a*, b*), larval pH before and after processing, lipid oxidation (xylenol orange, TBARS) and proximal composition including lipid and protein levels. The results demonstrate that the initial larvae contamination (9logCFU/g AMT of fresh larvae on dry basis) was reduced by 3 to 4 log CFU/gafter a pre-treatment followed by hot air drying (60°C); 4min boiling at 100°C followed by hot air drying at 60°C for 6h was found to be the optimal treatment parameter.
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens; BSFL) are an alternative source of protein and energy for livestock feeding. Many aspects related to process optimization to ensure the safety, conservation and nutritional quality of this new ingredient are still unknown. The presence of a wax-coated cuticle, to reduce drying of the larvae, constitutes a barrierto evaporation. The purpose of this study was to optimize larval conditioning and drying techniques to effectively reduce their water content and microbial load in order to establish the processing parameters into larval meal required by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency while minimizing negative impacts on nutritional quality. After 10 days of feeding on a Gainesville control diet at 27°Cand 70% moisture, BSFL were collected by sieving, they were rinsed with sterile water, packaged under vacuum, frozen at -40°C (n=3 replicates). After thawing, aliquots of 30g/treatment (n=3) were pretreated, or not, by blanching (100°C for 40s), boiling (100°C for 2, 4, 6 or 8 min) or mechanically perforated before being hot-air dried (60°C) or freeze-dried (40°C) until a final water activity ≤0.3 was obtained for the larval meal. The microbiological quality of the larvae was assessed by enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic (AMT), Pseudomonasspp., Listeriaspp., presumptive lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms. The impact of drying techniques on physicochemical and nutritional properties have been evaluated using colour (L*, a*, b*), larval pH before and after processing, lipid oxidation (xylenol orange, TBARS) and proximal composition including lipid and protein levels. The results demonstrate that the initial larvae contamination (9logCFU/g AMT of fresh larvae on dry basis) was reduced by 3 to 4 log CFU/gafter a pre-treatment followed by hot air drying (60°C); 4min boiling at 100°C followed by hot air drying at 60°C for 6h was found to be the optimal treatment parameter.
Rosecchi, Elisabeth. "Ethologie alimentaire des Sparidae Diplodus annularis, Diplodus sargus, Diplodus vulgaris, Pagellus erythrinus, Sparus aurata du golfe du Lion et des étangs palavasiens." Montpellier 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON20055.
Full textPoulin, Anne-Marie. "Rôle du thalamus médian dorsal dans la régulation de l'axe hypophyso-cortico-surrénalien et le comportement alimentaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25474/25474.pdf.
Full textLapeyronie, Paul. "Sevrage et séparation maternelle chez l'agneau : incidences nutritionnelles, modifications neuroendocrines et comportementales associées, conséquences zootechniques." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20214.
Full textFavrelière, Sylvie. "Effets d'apports alimentaires en phospholipides enrichis en acide docosahexaénoi͏̈que (DHA) sur le plasmalogène et la neurotransmission cholinergique du rat âgé." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT1801.
Full textLaugerette, Fabienne. "Perception oro-sensorielle des lipides alimentaires : rôle du Fatty Acid Transporter (FAT/CD36) et impacts physiologiques." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS015.
Full textRats and mice exhibit a spontaneous preference for lipids which raises the possibility that an orosensory system is responsible for the detection of dietary lipids. Until recently, perception of dietary lipids was thought to be mediated by textural and olfactory cues. However, recent behavioral studies carried out in rodents, point to a role for gustation as well. Thus, we investigated the components of this oral detection system. First, we searched for a candidate protein with high affinity for long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) present in the taste papillae of the tongue. The fatty acid transporter, FAT/CD36 appears to be a good candidate since we show it is expressed in taste buds. Next we show that knock out mice lacking CD36 have a strongly diminished preference for linoleic acid. Finally, we report that the chorda tympani and the glossopharyngeal nerves are implicated in the transmission of the signal to the central nervous system after an oral stimulus with fatty acids. Taken together, these data support the existence of a gustatory perception of dietary lipids in mice
Audy-Dubé, Marc-Antoine, and Marc-Antoine Audy-Dubé. "Caractérisation des dimensions et de la forme des particules de fourrages hachés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26364.
Full textLa taille et la forme des fourrages hachés influencent la conservation en ensilage et l’utilisation par les vaches laitières. Traditionnellement, la longueur est estimée par tamisage mécanique. La mesure par imagerie proposée ici permet de caractériser des particules individuelles avec une précision accrue. Des fourrages de maïs et de luzerne hachés à trois longueurs théoriques (12,7, 25,4, et 29,6 mm) ont été utilisés. La mesure de la forme a été obtenue par le concept de Normalized Multiscale Bending Energy (NMBE) qui fait appel au traitement de signal digital. À partir de photos de particules, un algorithme développé dans MATLAB® fournit des mesures précises de la longueur, l’aire, l’épaisseur et la surface massique de chaque particule. Le tamisage mécanique sous-estimait la longueur des particules par rapport aux mesures par imagerie. La méthode du NMBE a montré que les particules de luzerne étaient plus irrégulières et plus allongées que celles de maïs.
The size and shape of chopped forage particles can influence silage conservation and feed utilization by dairy cows. Particle length is traditionally measured by mechanical sieving. Image analysis is proposed here to measure more precisely individual particles. Corn and alfalfa forages were chopped at three theoretical lengths (12.7, 25.4 and 29.6 mm). Shape measurement was obtained from the concept of Normalized Multiscale Bending Energy (NMBE) which uses digital signal processing. From pictures of chopped particles, an algorithm developed in MATLAB® provided precise measurements of length, area, thickness and area per unit mass for each particle. Mechanical sieving underestimated actual particle length as measured by image analysis. The NMBE method indicated that alfalfa particles were more irregular and elongated compared to corn particles.
The size and shape of chopped forage particles can influence silage conservation and feed utilization by dairy cows. Particle length is traditionally measured by mechanical sieving. Image analysis is proposed here to measure more precisely individual particles. Corn and alfalfa forages were chopped at three theoretical lengths (12.7, 25.4 and 29.6 mm). Shape measurement was obtained from the concept of Normalized Multiscale Bending Energy (NMBE) which uses digital signal processing. From pictures of chopped particles, an algorithm developed in MATLAB® provided precise measurements of length, area, thickness and area per unit mass for each particle. Mechanical sieving underestimated actual particle length as measured by image analysis. The NMBE method indicated that alfalfa particles were more irregular and elongated compared to corn particles.
Hajj, Elham. "Influence de la restriction alimentaire et de la réalimentation sur la composition corporelle et la fonction thyroi͏̈dienne chez l'agneau." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20141.
Full textBikawa, Théophile. "Étude de l'influence de la température ambiante et de la concentration énergétique de l'aliment sur les performances et l'utilisation de l'énergie par le porc en croissance." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20019.
Full textBrosse, Laurent. "Caractérisation des habitats des juvéniles d'esturgeon européen, Acipenser sturio, dans l'estuaire de la Gironde : relation trophiques, hiérarchisation et vulnérabilité des habitats." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30123.
Full textDelage, Stéphanie. "Implication de l’Acyl-CoA Binding Domain 7 dans le contrôle neuronal de la prise alimentaire et de la dépense énergétique chez le rat." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69714.
Full textWith the worrying increase in obesity cases worldwide over the last decades, the scientific community has increasingly been interested in the various mechanisms involvedin the regulation of energy balance. The energy balance regulation is based on two main components, namely food intake and energy expenditure, insured by various peripheral and neural circuits. The hypothalamus plays a major role in energy balance regulation. It hosts the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, which are found in the arcuate nucleus, and which form, together with the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), the melanocortin system. The melanocortin system when activated reduces foodintake and stimulates energy expenditure. Its role in energy balance regulation is prominentand its activity is modulated by various molecules including the Acyl-CoA Binding Domain 7(ACBD7) protein which can generate two peptide fragments, namely, nonadecaneuropeptide (NDN) and the new endozepine member 18 (NEM18). The involvement of NDN has been shown to reduce food intake and stimulate energy expenditure in mice, effect that can be blocked by a MC4R antagonist. This study constituting the core of this mémoire aimed to (i) confirm the involvement of ACBD7 in the control of energy balance in rats, (ii) study the effects of ACBD7 on conditioned taste aversion and (iii) compare the cerebral expression, the neural action sites and the catabolic effects caused by ACBD7 and DBI. In contrasts with what has been observed in mice, NDN does not influence energy balance in rats. Results obtained suggest the involvement of NEM18 in the control of food intake and energy expenditure. We observed an increase infood intake following the intracerebroventricular injection of 0,125 and 0,250 µg of NEM18.Energetic parameters, as oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in kcal, were also modulated by NEM18 in rats.
Ali-Haimoud, Djamila. "Etude des effets d'un apport oral d'avoparcine et de monensine sur l'utilisation digestive et métabolique de la ration chez la vache laitière." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT006A.
Full textFanchone, Audrey. "Comparaison de l'ingestion et de la digestion de moutons alimentés à base de fourrage verts : à l'auge et au paturagedu titre." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0233.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate differences in feeding indoor or at pasture and to explain the differences. The starting hypothesises were that feeding differences exist between animals fed indoo and at pasture, when the same forage is offered, the origin of these differences is related to the presentation of the forage to the animals. The methodological studies showed that near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (nirs) allow to, predict digestibility (secv = 2. 02 % and r2= 0. 77) and the chemical composition of the forage really ingested. The increase of the number of data in the calibration data set allowed to improve the prediction of digestibility (secv = 1. 75 and r2 = 0. 85). The prediction of digestibility from the fecal nitrogen method did not significantly affect the precision and the parameters of the equation. The use of the nirs and fecal nitrogen equations to predict digestibility of an independent data set allowed precise estimations. The experimental studies showed that digestibility is greater at pasture (65. 0 % indoor vs 67. 0 % at. Pasture, p < 0. 05), 2) due to selection process implemented at pasture, whereas, intake (77. 2 g 1kg bwo. 75 indoor and 64. 64 g 1kg bwo. 75, p < 0. 001) and amount of dry matier digestible intake (50. 13 g 1kg bwo. 75 indoor and 43. 33 g 1kg bwo. 75 at pasture, p < 0. 001) are greater indoor; due to greater prehensibility of forage indoor; that differences of intake and digestibility between indoor and pasture vary according to the quality and the quantity of grass offered
Galiot, Lucie. "Impact de la vitamine A, D, du cuivre et du colostrum bovin sur la croissance et le développement du porcelet pendant la période péri-sevrage." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69903.
Full textIntroduction of hyperprolific sows have impacted the pre- and postnatal development of piglets by increasing within-litter birth weight heterogeneity, vitality, and growth. Consequently, distinct populations of piglets of low birth weights have arised with unfavorable nutritional status and diminished the growth potential with growth delays until slaughter. Bovine colostrum has been considered as a rich source of nutrients and biological factors for piglet's growth and development. In addition, several micronutrients essential for development, including vitamins A, D and copper have low perinatal transfer. It has been shown in several studies that supplementation in vitamins A, D and copper, and bovine colostrum improve micronutrients, oxidative and immunity status, and microbiota establishment and ultimately performances. However, studies only monitored the supplementation of one of these micronutrients on one aspect of health. Moreover, there was a lack of knowledge on optimal supplementation sources and routes to enhance health parameters. The first study aimed to determine the optimal routes and sources of the chosen micronutrients on piglet's health and robustness. This study showed that micronutrients status could be improved via supplementation of piglets or sows with a superior response with direct supplementation of piglets. The form of oral supplementation for vitamin A, D and Cu were, respectively, retinol acetate, 25-OH-D3 and copper yeast. Piglets were also exposed to UVB light. In the two other studies, those supplements were tested with bovine colostrum to assess their effects on micronutrient status, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota and lastly growth performances. The second experiment was conducted in commercial conditions and showed that vitamin D with UVB exposition did improve the vitamin D status at weaning. Simultaneously, bovine colostrum increased growth performances until post-weaning and modulated the intestinal microbiota by decreasing potential pathogenic bacteria. The last experiment was conducted in an experimental farm and supplementation did improve micronutrient status for all three micronutrients until weaning but the improvement did not last beyond the end of supplementation. However, supplementation did not reduce the weaning stress including the oxidative stress and low weight piglets did not benefit from the supplementations. To conclude, these results highlight the efficacy of improving the micronutrients status in piglets during lactation but did not mitigate the stress from weaning. Directly oral supplementation of piglets was more efficient than oral supplementation of sows. Bovine colostrum increased growth performance long after the end of supplementation and after weaning. Lastly, contrary to what was expected, copper status dropped sharply postweaning despite dietary supplementation of copper. The field of micronutrient metabolism in swine production merits further attention to understand in dept the mecanisms at play on a longterm period of life.
Nguyen, Thanh Phuong. "L'aquaculture en cages de Pangasius spp dans le bassin du Mékong (Viet Nam) : analyse de la situation actuelle et mise au point d'aliments adaptés." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT011A.
Full textLeonhardt, Marion. "Conséquences neuroendocriennes et métaboliques d'une sous-nutrition maternelle périnatale chez le rat." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/21b2f981-03b3-4580-bee6-9c6342089656.
Full textMarion, Julia. "Le sevrage du porcelet à l'âge de 7 jours : adaptation structurale et fonctionnelle du pancréas exocrine et de l'intestin grêle." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10101.
Full textRoy, Catherine. "Effet du type de supplémentation protéique sur les bilans nets splanchnique et mammaire des nutriments azotés chez la vache laitière." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28183.
Full textRebours, Céline. "Développement de l'échiniculture en circuit fermé : amélioration de la survie des stades larvaires et juvéniles de Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) par une alimentation à base d'algues." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2060.
Full textMartínez, González José Luis. "Caractérisation métataxonomique du microbiote intestinal dans un modèle porcin nourri avec un régime hyperlipidique composé de fromage cheddar et de beurre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68971.
Full textIn recent decades, dairy products have been associated with weight gain due to their high fat milk content, generating a negative consumer assessment. However, scientific studies revealed beneficial effects of dairy products such as cheese due to the presence of functional peptides produced from hydrolysis, as favorable ingredients for health. Nevertheless, several cheeses as cheddar contain a high concentration of dairy fat. Given the interest to know how the dairy products could affect the clinical physiology of host, studies about the gut microbiota structures has been proposed. However, controversial results from these studies have been obtained. This thesis aimed to evaluate the effects of butter and proteins hydrolysate from cheese on the structure of the gut microbiota associated with clinical parameters of lipidemia. The goal of this project was to characterize microbiota variations in the intestinal sections of the ileum, colon and fecal sample using a metataxonomic approach with Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. In the first part of this project, a porcine model was established to provide a model for the study of gut microbiota associated with obesity from fecal samples including ileum and colon. In the first part of this study, the approach of isolation and purification of high-quality DNA has been standardized and established. Subsequently, a bioinformatics pipeline was generated using QIIME v.1.9.1 open source software. Later, a trial was defined in pigs fed with lard-fructose (HFF). At 12 weeks of treatment, a dysbiosis process was associated with diet-induced changes estimated by a LEfse discriminant method (significant LDA score> 2.0), as well as alpha and beta diversity. The genus Fusobacteria, a potent pathogen carrying LPS, associated with sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Desulfovibrio and Anaerovibrio a genus of bacteria with lipolytic activity, showed a significant increase (p-value <0,05) of this model fed to HFF in pigs. These metataxonomic profiles of the pig gut microbiota have also been linked to an increase in lipidemia parameters in the peripheral blood. This microbiota composition was also profiled to metabolic syndromes by qPCR. These results constitute an important reference base for the characterization of an obesogenic diet associated with gut microbial dysbiosis. In order to validate the effects of the high-fat free-fructose (HF) diet, a second test was performed. In this trial, the results obtained showed an asymptomatic dysbiosis. Indeed, alpha and beta diversity profiles, in addition to qPCR profiling, showed significant distances between HF treatment and low-fat treatment control. However, the measure of lipidemia (cholesterol and triglycerides) and the level of LPS were irrelevant between treatments. These results showed that the high-fat diet can significantly alter the VI ecological structures of the microbiota without necessarily causing physiological changes in the host. Finally, the third part of the project, consisting in the characterization of the impact of diets with butter or cheddar cheese composed of highly hydrolyzed peptides, on the gut microbiota of pig model. The ileum, the colon, and the feces were sampled at 10 weeks. Measurements of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity and Weighted-UniFrac phylogenetic distances, and the LDA-LEfse discriminatory analysis of the beta and alpha diversities demonstrated a neutral effect on the gut microbiota subjected to the cheddar diet, while significant dissimilarities were observed with the butter treatment. The abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Paraprevotella, Phasolarctobacterium, Turicibacter, Clostridiaceae Akkermansia sp., Bacteroides sp., Lactobacillus reuteri, and Ruminococcus characterized the gut microbiota of the treatment with butter. The significant increase of Akkermansia and Ruminococcus gnavus in (two clades closely related to the degradation of mucin, which is a health indicator of intestinal integrity), suggest an alteration of the gut microbiota due to butter treatment, which could be proposed as biomarkers to comply with the control diet with lard-HF. We highlighted the identification of the taxonomic level by oligotypes of the genus Akkermansia in the pig model. This identification revealed nine signed-oligotypes from the Akkermansia taxon, in the colon and fecal samples of pigs fed butter. This was the first time that a highly discriminating depth of metataxonomic analysis was performed in the pig model. The pig as a model that allows the characterization of the gut microbiota affected by a dietary treatment. Finally, diets enriched with cheddar cheese and butter have convergent effects on the host-microbiota relationship and can be observed distinctly through microbial structures in the intestinal sections.
Preynat, Aurélie. "Interactions acide folique - vitamine B12 - méthionine : effets sur le métabolisme hépatique et la productivité des vaches laitières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26047/26047.pdf.
Full textThe aim of the present study was to determine if the effects of supplementary folic acid on lactational performance were due to improved methylneogenesis and if the supply in vitamin B12 could interfere with this metabolic pathway. In this eventuality, supplementary methionine, a major source of preformed methyl groups, should reduce the requirement for these vitamins. Sixty multiparous cows were fed either a diet calculated to supply 76% of methionine requirement (M-) or the same diet supplemented with 18 g of rumen-protected methionine (M+). Within each level of methionine, cows received either no vitamin supplement (B9-B12-), weekly intramuscular injections of 160 mg of folic acid alone (B9+B12-) or combined with 10 mg of vitamin B12 (B9+B12+), from 3 wk before to 16 wk after calving. At 12 week of lactation, glucose and methionine kinetics were measured by isotope dilution using infusions of D-[U13C]glucose, [13C]NaHCO3 and L-[1-13C, 2H3]methionine on 24 cows in treatments M-B9-B12-, M-B9+B12+, M+ B9-B12- et M+B9+B12+. Milk, blood and liver samples were collected to measure lactational performance, different metabolites and gene expression of key enzymes of energy metabolism and methylation cycle. The results showed that, in parallel with an increase in folates and vitamin B12 concentrations in milk, plasma and liver, administration of folic acid and vitamin B12 together increased milk production. The supplements of methionine affected methylation cycle by acting on mRNA abundance of key enzymes of this cycle whereas supplementary folic acid decreased plasma concentrations of homocysteine without any effect on animal performance. Intramuscular injections of folic acid and vitamin B12 increased whole body flux of glucose with a similar quantitative magnitude as the observed increment in milk lactose yield. Vitamin supplements increased also gene expression of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, an essential enzyme for the entry of propionate in the Krebs cycle. These results indicate that the effects of the combined supplements of folic acid and vitamin B12 on lactational performance are probably due to an improved efficiency of glucose metabolism rather than an effect on methylneogenesis.
Zouaoui, Maroua. "Étude de l'impact des enzymes exogènes sur la digestibilité des acides aminés chez le porc et le poulet : approche par méta-analyse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33069.
Full textPhytates and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) are abundant antinutritional factors in pig and broiler diets. Although phytates constitute a phosphorus (P) reservoir, this P is not available because monogastric animals produce a small amount of endogenous phytase. Microbial phytases have been incorporated into diets and has revealed the negative effect of phytates on the digestibility of amino acids (AA). In addition to phytates, NSPs are also indigestible and resistant to the digestion process in monogastric animals. The NSPs encapsulate also nutrients, which decrease AA and energy digestibility. It is important to know the mechanisms of action of phytase and xylanase in the degradation of antinutritional factors and improving the digestibility of AA, as well as apparent metabolizable energy content (AME). A meta-analysis approach allowed to establish models for predicting the digestibility of AA from dietary AA, phytase and NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) concentrations in pigs, and from dietary AA, phytase and phytic phosphorus (PP) concentrations in broilers. A predictive model of AA digestibility in broilers has also been established from xylanase supplementation and dietary NDF/NSP concentrations. Finally, xylanase activity, gross dietary energy (GE) and NDF/NSP concentrations were the best predictors of AME. The current models allow quantifying the effect of phytase on AA in pigs and broilers and the effect of xylanase on AA and AME in broilers, which is important to use these enzymes accurately in diet formulation.
Secondi, François. "Croissance, développement tissulaire et composition lipidique des tissus musculaires et adipeux chez le porc de Corse." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF2A002.
Full textKrausz, Sophie. "Les ossements animaux du village gaulois des Levroux (Indre) : une analyse spatiale." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010626.
Full textCeltic village of Levroux is a very rich and complex site. The spatial organization is not easy to determine only with the plan of the site. Animal bones are utilised to reconstitute the nature and the origin of the wastes which have been deposit in the pits, during their second function. This determination can be connected with the activities practiced in specialised quarters of the site (manufactured bones, horns, butchery, and consumption). Mathematical methods (factor analysis, Berlin matrices) access to anatomical assemblages, deposit with identical proportions in particular areas. The assemblages of anatomical proportions can define wastes types. They access to butchery systems and define specialized quarters of activities on the site. We can recognize domestic rubbish in part of the site, workshops with butchery wastes, bone and horn, localised specially in the same area than metal workshops
Le, Quyet Thang. "Analyse de covariance généralisée et modélisation du dosage progressif en alimentation animale : application à l'étude du tourteau de colza." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112019.
Full textIn the multivariate model where the variables are strongly correlated, a covariance analysis (ANCOVA) is strongly advisable. The classical ANCOVA method may be used only if the covariate is not affected by the treatments in the experiment. F. Smith (1957) illustrated the case of an ANCOVA with covariate affected by treatments that lead to erroneous conclusions. We proposed some generalized ANCOVA methods. Three methods are explained. The first two are used for study of colza-oil cake in avicol feeding, with experimental data from INRA. The third concerning statistical synthesis has been presented only from a theoretical point of view. The introduction of a new food for animals can be less adaptable because of the lack of animal appetite as regards to the new food. To increase the efficiency of the experiments we propose amodelization of the progressive dosage in animal feeding, using the confidence simultaneous inter-vals of the comparisons "treatments- control" with optimal allocations of treatments and control of the development of experiment
Lemarchand, Charles. "Etude de l'habitat de la loutre d'Europe (Lutra lutra) en région Auvergne (France) : relations entre le régime alimentaire et la dynamique de composés essentiels et d'éléments toxiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21746.
Full text