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1
Skiba, Gary T. "Alien Species Revisited." Science News 143, no. 9 (February 27, 1993): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976959.
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CINAR, M. E., M. BILECENOGLU, B. OZTURK, T. KATAGAN, and V. AYSEL. "Alien species on the coasts of Turkey." Mediterranean Marine Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.187.
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The compilation of data on alien species reported from the Turkish coasts yielded a total of 263 species belonging to 11 systematic groups, of which Mollusca had the highest number of species (85 species), followed by Crustacea (51), fishes (43) and phytobenthos (39). The Black Sea is represented by a total of 20 alien species, the Sea of Marmara by 48 species, the Aegean Sea by 98 species and the Levantine Sea by 202 species. The majority of aliens found in the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara were transported via shipping, whereas the Levantine coast is extensively subjected to Lessepsian migration. Benthic habitats (soft and hard substrata) comprise 76% of the total alien species and the pelagic environment is inhabited by thirty-nine species. Almost 50% of aliens collected from the Turkish coasts were found only at 0-10 m depth. Eight species occur at depths deeper than 100 m. The impacts of aliens on the benthic and pelagic ecosystems are presented.
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Castellani, Maria Beatrice, Lorenzo Lastrucci, Lorenzo Lazzaro, Rossano Bolpagni, Alice Dalla Vecchia, and Andrea Coppi. "The incidence of alien species on the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of lentic and lotic communities dominated by Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 423 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022001.
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This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the multiple diversity harbored in plant communities dominated by P. australis, discriminating between lentic and lotic habitats. We focused on the incidence of alien species on taxonomical, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Although it was hypothesized that ecological differences between habitats (lentic vs. lotic) could lead to plant adaptive trade-offs, results showed that the P. australis dominance affected overall plant diversity in the same way in both target habitats. Similarly, the two compared habitats hosted a similar alien species richness and relative abundance. Different results were observed based on whether the alien species richness or their relative abundance were considered regarding the incidence of alien species. Increasing alien species richness in lentic habitats resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Instead, in lotic habitats, it promoted a decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity. In contrast, the increase in the relative abundance of alien species resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in both habitats. Choosing relative abundance vs richness of aliens in lotic stands can have a different impact in evaluating the effect of aliens on various components of diversity.
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Pérez-Postigo, Isabel, Jörg Bendix, Heike Vibrans, and Ramón Cuevas-Guzmán. "Diversity of alien roadside herbs along an elevational gradient in western Mexico." NeoBiota 65 (May 28, 2021): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.65.67192.
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Growing numbers of alien plant species threaten natural ecosystems worldwide. Mexico, as a megadiverse country, has lower numbers of alien species than other regions in America. However, there is a lack of information on the factors that determine the diversity patterns of alien species and their relative importance in the vegetation. The diversity of alien roadside herbs was analysed along an elevational gradient in western Mexico, including their relationship with environmental factors. Three hundred and seventeen herbaceous species were found in 37 sampling sites; 10% were aliens. The proportion of alien species in the ruderal herbaceous communities was lower than the average for this vegetation type in the country. Absolute species richness of natives was significantly and positively correlated with elevation. Absolute species richness of aliens was not significantly correlated with elevation, still; higher values were found at lower elevations. Generalised linear models for relative species richness and relative abundance of aliens with elevation had positive estimates near 0, which, though statistically significant, indicated a weak relationship. Other environmental co-factors, such as the distance to roads and highways, climatic variables, and disturbance indicators, were included in a random forest model. No clear correlation patterns were found. This seemingly random distribution of alien herbaceous plants in the region might be caused by the relatively recent introduction of most of the species. They have not yet had time to expand their distribution to their potential maximum. The early stage of the naturalisation process allows us to minimise the further spread of some species with targeted management and prevent them from becoming invasive.
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Holmes, Bob. "Love those alien species!" New Scientist 221, no. 2962 (March 2014): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(14)60642-4.
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Carter, E. "Pests, vermin, alien species…" Animal Welfare 30, no. 1 (February 2021): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600009180.
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Lazarina, Maria, Mariana A. Tsianou, Georgios Boutsis, Aristi Andrikou-Charitidou, Elpida Karadimou, and Athanasios S. Kallimanis. "Urbanization and Human Population Favor Species Richness of Alien Birds." Diversity 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12020072.
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Human activities like urbanization and agriculture affect spatial biodiversity patterns. The presence and activities of humans richly benefit alien species, but native species usually decline in human-impacted areas. Considering that the richness of alien and native species are inter-related, we explored the effect of human population density, human-related land uses (agricultural and urban), and natural land area on avian (alien and native) species richness of Massachusetts for two time periods using Generalized Additive Models. Avian alien species richness increased with native species richness in both time periods. Despite the predominant role of native species richness as a major driver of alien species richness, human activities play an important additional role in shaping species richness patterns of established aliens. Human-related land uses (urban and agricultural) and human population favored alien species richness in both time periods. Counter to expectations, human activities were also positively associated to native avian species richness. Possible explanations of these patterns may include habitat heterogeneity, increased availability of resources, and reduced predation risk.
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Kitamura, Toru. "Biodiversity and Alien Species -For Discussion on the Problem of Alien Species." Marine Engineering 47, no. 5 (2012): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.47.657.
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Seebens, Hanno, Tim M. Blackburn, Ellie E. Dyer, Piero Genovesi, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Shyama Pagad, et al. "Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 10 (February 5, 2018): E2264—E2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719429115.
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Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species—those never encountered as aliens before—therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: One-quarter of first records during 2000–2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1–16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
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Levin, Sam C., Raelene M. Crandall, Tyler Pokoski, Claudia Stein, and Tiffany M. Knight. "Phylogenetic and functional distinctiveness explain alien plant population responses to competition." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1930 (July 2020): 20201070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1070.
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Several invasion hypotheses predict a positive association between phylogenetic and functional distinctiveness of aliens and their performance, leading to the idea that distinct aliens compete less with their resident communities. However, synthetic pattern relationships between distinctiveness and alien performance and direct tests of competition as the driving mechanism have not been forthcoming. This is likely because different patterns are observed at different spatial grains, because functional trait and phylogenetic information are often incomplete, and because of the need for competition experiments that measure demographic responses across a variety of alien species that vary in their distinctiveness. We conduct a competitor removal experiment and parameterize matrix population and integral projection models for 14 alien plant species. More novel aliens compete less strongly with co-occurring species in their community, but these results dissipate at a larger spatial grain of investigation. Further, we find that functional traits used in conjunction with phylogeny improve our ability to explain competitive responses. Our investigation shows that competition is an important mechanism underlying the differential success of alien species.
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Arora, Shikha, Amit Kumar, Khima Nand Balodi, and Kusum Arunachalam. "Alien flora of Uttarakhand, western Himalaya: a comprehensive review." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 8 (August 26, 2022): 21529–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.7592.14.8.21529-21552.
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Alien plant species have captured attention of the scientific community, ecologists, and environmentalists throughout the world. Like other regions, the Himalayan region is also grappling with the disrupting impacts of plant invasions. Based on an extensive review of studies conducted on alien plant species in the Indian Himalayan region, we report 728 alien plant species belonging to 450 genera under 108 families in the state of Uttarakhand, which represents 15% of the state’s flora. Fabaceae (89 species under 49 genera) followed by Asteraceae (63 species under 43 genera) and Poaceae (50 species under 35 genera) were the most diverse families amid alien species. Eucalyptus (15 species) followed by Ipomoea and Euphorbia (12 species each) and Pinus (11 species) were the most diverse genera. The maximum numbers of aliens (mostly herbs) in the state were introduced from America, followed by Europe. Owing to relatively high number of alien plant species in Uttarakhand, it is submitted that serious ecological and socio-economic consequences are likely to escalate in the future.
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Bellard, Céline, Phillip Cassey, and Tim M. Blackburn. "Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions." Biology Letters 12, no. 2 (February 2016): 20150623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623.
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We assessed the prevalence of alien species as a driver of recent extinctions in five major taxa (plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), using data from the IUCN Red List. Our results show that alien species are the second most common threat associated with species that have gone completely extinct from these taxa since AD 1500. Aliens are the most common threat associated with extinctions in three of the five taxa analysed, and for vertebrate extinctions overall.
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García-Díaz, Pablo, Peter Hodum, Valentina Colodro, Michelle Hester, and Ryan D. Carle. "Alien mammal assemblage effects on burrow occupancy and hatching success of the vulnerable pink-footed shearwater in Chile." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 3 (April 22, 2020): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000132.
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SummaryAlien species are a driver of biodiversity loss, with impacts of different aliens on native species varying considerably. Identifying the contributions of alien species to native species declines could help target management efforts. Globally, seabirds breeding on islands have proven to be highly susceptible to alien species. The breeding colonies of the pink-footed shearwater (Ardenna creatopus) are threatened by the negative impacts of alien mammals. We combined breeding monitoring data with a hierarchical model to separate the effects of different alien mammal assemblages on the burrow occupancy and hatching success of the pink-footed shearwater in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. We show that alien mammals affected the rates of burrow occupancy, but had little effect on hatching success. Rabbits produced the highest negative impacts on burrow occupancy, whereas the effects of other alien mammals were more uncertain. In addition, we found differences in burrow occupancy between islands regardless of their alien mammal assemblages. Managing rabbits will improve the reproductive performance of this shearwater, but research is needed to clarify the mechanisms by which alien mammals affect the shearwaters and to explain why burrow occupancy varies between islands.
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EVANS, J., J. BARBARA, and P. J. SCHEMBRI. "Updated review of marine alien species and other ‘newcomers’ recorded from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean)." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1064.
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An updated review of marine alien species and other ‘newcomers’ recorded from the Maltese Islands is presented on account of new records and amendments to a previous review in 2007. Species were classified according to their establishment status (‘Questionable’, ‘Casual’, ‘Established’, ‘Invasive’) and origin (‘Alien’, ‘Range expansion’, ‘Cryptogenic’). A total of 31 species were added to the inventory, while 6 species have been removed, bringing the total number of species to 73. Of these, 66 are considered to be aliens (or putative aliens but with uncertain origin) with the remaining 7 resulting from range expansion. Six records are considered to be questionable and hence unverified. For verified records, the dominant taxonomic groups are Mollusca (represented by 21 species) and Actinopterygii (15 species), followed by Crustacea (8 species) and Rhodophyta (7 species). Eight of these species (aliens: Caulerpa cylindracea, Lophocladia lallemandi, Womersleyella setacea, Brachidontes pharaonis, Percnon gibbesi, Fistularia commersonii, Siganus luridus; range extender: Sphoeroides pachygaster) are considered to be invasive. The introduction pathway for 30 species is unknown. Amongst the alien species, ‘Shipping’ is the most common introduction pathway, followed by ‘Secondary dispersal’ from elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea. An increasing trend in the number of alien marine species reported from the Maltese Islands is evident, with a peak of 22 species recorded during the last decade (2001–2010). A discussion on the rationale for including range-expanding species in national inventories of recent arrivals, and in the analysis of trends in records from the Maltese Islands, is included. In particular, the general warming trend of Mediterranean surface waters appears to be facilitating the westward spread of thermophilic alien species from the Eastern to the Central Mediterranean, and the eastward range expansion of tropical and subtropical Eastern Atlantic species.
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ZENETOS, A., M. E. CINAR, M. A. PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU, J. G. HARMELIN, G. FURNARI, F. ANDALORO, N. BELLOU, N. STREFTARIS, and H. ZIBROWIUS. "Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species." Mediterranean Marine Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.186.
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This collaborative effort by many specialists across the Mediterranean presents an updated annotated list of alien marine species in the Mediterranean Sea. Alien species have been grouped into six broad categories namely established, casual, questionable, cryptogenic, excluded and invasive, and presented in lists of major ecofunctional/taxonomic groups. The establishment success within each group is provided while the questionable and excluded records are commented in brief. A total of 963 alien species have been reported from the Mediterranean until December 2005, 218 of which have been classified as excluded (23%) leaving 745 of the recorded species as valid aliens. Of these 385 (52%) are already well established, 262 (35%) are casual records, while 98 species (13%) remain “questionable” records. The species cited in this work belong mostly to zoobenthos and in particular to Mollusca and Crustacea, while Fish and Phytobenthos are the next two groups which prevail among alien biota in the Mediterranean. The available information depends greatly on the taxonomic group examined. Thus, besides the three groups explicitly addressed in the CIESM atlas series (Fish, Decapoda/Crustacea and Mollusca), which are however updated in the present work, Polychaeta, Phytobenthos, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton are also addressed in this study. Among other zoobenthic taxa sufficiently covered in this study are Echinodermata, Sipuncula, Bryozoa and Ascidiacea. On the contrary, taxa such as Foraminifera, Amphipoda and Isopoda, that are not well studied in the Mediterranean, are insufficiently covered. A gap of knowledge is also noticed in Parasites, which, although ubiquitous and pervasive in marine systems, have been relatively unexplored as to their role in marine invasions. Conclusively the lack of funding purely systematic studies in the region has led to underestimation of the number of aliens in the Mediterranean. Emphasis is put on those species that are current or potential threats to the marine ecosystems, namely the Worst Invasive Alien Species providing their record across major groups.
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Omer, Ali, Maha Kordofani, Haytham H. Gibreel, Petr Pyšek, and Mark van Kleunen. "The alien flora of Sudan and South Sudan: taxonomic and biogeographical composition." Biological Invasions 23, no. 7 (March 19, 2021): 2033–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02495-7.
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AbstractStudies on plant invasions depend on local and regional checklists of the alien flora. However, global overview studies have shown that some regions, including many African countries, remain understudied in this regard. To contribute to filling this gap, here we present the first checklist of alien plants of Sudan and South Sudan (the Sudans). We analysed the taxonomic and geographical composition of the species on this list. Our result show that of the 113 alien species in Sudans (99 in Sudan and 59 in South Sudan), 92 (81.4%) are naturalized and 21 (18.6%) are just casual aliens. The number of naturalized species represent 2.2% of the total flora of the Sudans (4096). The alien species belong to 44 families and 85 genera, and many of them are native to Southern America and Northern America (85.8%). Annual and perennial herbs are the prevailing life forms in the alien flora of the Sudans (68.1%), and, among the casual species, perennial herbs are underrepresented whereas woody tree species are over-represented. Alien plants of the Sudans are mostly used for medicinal and environmental purposes globally. The naturalized plants predominantly occur in man-made disturbed habitats, such as agricultural and ruderal habitats. This first overview of the alien flora of the Sudans should stimulate further research and recording of the alien flora to better understand the drivers and consequences of alien plants in the Sudans.
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Capinha, César, Franz Essl, Hanno Seebens, Henrique Miguel Pereira, and Ingolf Kühn. "Models of alien species richness show moderate predictive accuracy and poor transferability." NeoBiota 38 (June 6, 2018): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.38.23518.
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Robust predictions of alien species richness are useful to assess global biodiversity change. Nevertheless, the capacity to predict spatial patterns of alien species richness remains largely unassessed. Using 22 data sets of alien species richness from diverse taxonomic groups and covering various parts of the world, we evaluated whether different statistical models were able to provide useful predictions of absolute and relative alien species richness, as a function of explanatory variables representing geographical, environmental and socio-economic factors. Five state-of-the-art count data modelling techniques were used and compared: Poisson and negative binomial generalised linear models (GLMs), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), random forests (RF) and boosted regression trees (BRT). We found that predictions of absolute alien species richness had a low to moderate accuracy in the region where the models were developed and a consistently poor accuracy in new regions. Predictions of relative richness performed in a superior manner in both geographical settings, but still were not good. Flexible tree ensembles-type techniques (RF and BRT) were shown to be significantly better in modelling alien species richness than parametric linear models (such as GLM), despite the latter being more commonly applied for this purpose. Importantly, the poor spatial transferability of models also warrants caution in assuming the generality of the relationships they identify, e.g. by applying projections under future scenario conditions. Ultimately, our results strongly suggest that predictability of spatial variation in richness of alien species richness is limited. The somewhat more robust ability to rank regions according to the number of aliens they have (i.e. relative richness), suggests that models of aliens species richness may be useful for prioritising and comparing regions, but not for predicting exact species numbers.
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HYVÖNEN, T., and H. JALLI. "Alien species in the Finnish weed flora." Agricultural and Food Science 20, no. 1 (December 4, 2008): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960611795163079.
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The present study aimed at assessing the invasion of alien weed species in Finland based on a review of their occurrence in the Finnish weed flora. The evaluation was conducted for the three phases of the invasion process, i.e. introduction, naturalization and invasion. The literature review revealed that 815 alien weed species occur in Finland of which 314 are regarded as naturalized. Based on their occurrence in different climate zones, the risk of naturalization of new harmful alien weed species was deemed low for those species not currently found in Finland, but higher for species occurring as casual aliens in Finland. In the latter group, 10 species of concern were detected. Exploration of the distribution patterns of naturalized species within Finland revealed species occupancy to be dependent on the residence time of the species. Established neophytes can be expected to extend their ranges and to increase occupation of agricultural habitats in the future.;
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Sánchez-Ortiz, Katia, Kara J. M. Taylor, Adriana De Palma, Franz Essl, Wayne Dawson, Holger Kreft, Jan Pergl, et al. "Effects of land-use change and related pressures on alien and native subsets of island communities." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0227169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227169.
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Island species and habitats are particularly vulnerable to human disturbances, and anthropogenic changes are increasingly overwriting natural island biogeographic patterns. However, quantitative comparisons of how native and alien assemblages respond to human disturbances are scarce. Using data from 6,242 species of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, from 7,718 sites on 81 islands, we model how land-use change, human population density and distance to the nearest road affect local assemblages of alien and native species on islands. We found that land-use change reduces both richness and abundance of native species, whereas the number and abundance of alien species are high in plantation forests and agricultural or urban sites. In contrast to the long-established pattern for native species (i.e., decline in species number with island isolation), more isolated islands have more alien species across most land uses than do less isolated islands. We show that alien species play a major role in the turnover of island assemblages: our models show that aliens outnumber natives among the species present at disturbed sites but absent from minimally-disturbed primary vegetation. Finally, we found a homogenization pattern for both native and alien assemblages across sites within most land uses. The declines of native species on islands in the face of human pressures, and the particular proneness to invasions of the more remote islands, highlight the need to reduce the intensity of human pressures on islands and to prevent the introduction and establishment of alien species.
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Morozova, Olga V. "East Asian Species in Alien Flora of European Russia." Botanica Pacifica 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17581/bp.2014.03102.
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KATSANEVAKIS, S., K. TSIAMIS, G. IOANNOU, N. MICHAILIDIS, and A. ZENETOS. "Inventory of alien marine species of Cyprus (2009)." Mediterranean Marine Science 10, no. 2 (December 2, 2009): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.113.
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An updated inventory of alien marine species from coastal and offshore waters of Cyprus is presented. Records were compiled based on the existing scientific and grey literature, including HCMR database of Mediterranean alien species, technical reports, scientific congresses, academic dissertations, and websites, as well as on unpublished/personal observations. The listed species were classified in one of five categories: established, invasive, casual, cryptogenic, and questionable. The mode of introduction and the year of first sighting were also reported for each species. Eight new records based on personal observations of the authors were reported (Chondria coerulescens, Neosiphonia sphaerocarpa, Enchelycore anatina, Lagocephalus spadiceus, Lagocephalus suezensis, Scomberomorus commerson, Sillago sihama, and Sphoeroides pachygaster). Nine species, previously reported as aliens in Cypriot waters, were excluded from the inventory for various reasons. Ten established species were characterized as invasive (Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea, Cerithium scabridum, Strombus persicus, Trochus erythraeus, Brachidontes pharaonis, Pinctada radiata, Fistularia commersonii, Lagocephalus sceleratus, Siganus luridus, and Siganus rivulatus) as they have a substantial impact on biodiversity and/or local economy. The impact of alien marine species in Cyprus is expected to grow in the close future, and further effort directed towards recording alien invasions and their impact will be needed.
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Pyšek, Petr, Martin Hejda, Jan Čuda, Guin Zambatis, Klára Pyšková, Sandra MacFadyen, David Storch, Robert Tropek, and Llewellyn C. Foxcroft. "Into the great wide open: do alien plants spread from rivers to dry savanna in the Kruger National Park?" NeoBiota 60 (August 18, 2020): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.60.54608.
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Protected areas play an important role as refuges from invasive species impacts on biodiversity. Within the MOSAIK (Monitoring Savanna Biodiversity in the Kruger National Park) project, plant species were recorded in a representative set of 60 plots, 50 × 50 m in size, across the entire KNP, distributed so as to cover a range of savanna habitats, i.e. perennial rivers, seasonal rivers and dry crests, and two main bedrock types (granite and basalt). The data were used to assess the role of rivers in the dispersal of alien plants and study whether the alien plant species spread from rivers to open dry savanna. The resulting dataset provided the first thorough information on the spatial distribution of naturalised alien plants in KNP. In total, we recorded 20 plant species that are alien to the park, four of them considered invasive: Parthenium hysterophorus, Opuntia stricta, Xanthium strumarium and Zinnia peruviana. The most widespread species in KNP was Tridax procumbens, recorded in 11 plots (i.e. 18% of all sampled), four other species were found in > 10% of the plots. One species, Bidens bipinnata, was not previously reported from the park and represents a new record. The majority of aliens were concentrated along perennial rivers (60% of all occurrences), but some were repeatedly recorded at seasonal rivers as well and two of the most invasive species in KNP, Opuntia stricta and Parthenium hysterophorus, occurred also on dry crests away from water. The average number of alien species per plot was low (1.6), as was their mean percentage contribution to all species in a plot (2.2%), but some plots harboured as many as seven species and contributed up to 11.9%. Moreover, only 21 plots (35%) were alien-species free. In terms of the total species number per habitat, perennial rivers had significantly more aliens than crests and were marginally significantly richer than seasonal rivers. By recording all naturalised alien species occurring in the plots – many of them are not invasive but may become so in the future – and by using the GloNAF database of global distribution of naturalised species, we assessed the invasion potential of the recorded species.
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Reid, Vanessa. "Invasive Alien Species themed issue." Biodiversity 22, no. 1-2 (April 3, 2021): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2021.1947378.
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Mizutani, Tomoo, and Koichi Goka. "Japan's Invasive Alien Species Act." Applied Entomology and Zoology 45, no. 1 (2010): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/aez.2010.65.
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Petrosyan, V. G., L. A. Khlyap, A. N. Reshetnikov, M. G. Krivosheina, O. V. Morozova, N. N. Dergunova, F. A. Osipov, and Yu Yu Dgebuadze. "Alien Species in the Holarctic." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 9, no. 4 (October 2018): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075111718040100.
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Pergl, Jan, Piero Genovesi, and Petr Pyšek. "Better management of alien species." Nature 531, no. 7593 (March 2016): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/531173d.
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CINAR, M. E., M. BILECENOGLU, Β. OZTURK, Τ. KATAGAN, Μ. Β. YOKES, V. AYSEL, E. DAGLI, S. ACIK, T. OZCAN, and H. ERDOGAN. "An updated review of alien species on the coasts of Turkey." Mediterranean Marine Science 12, no. 2 (May 30, 2011): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.34.
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This 2010 review of alien species along the coasts of Turkey represents a total of 400 alien species belonging to 14 systematic groups. The present paper also reports the first findings ofVanderhorstia mertensi in the Aegean Sea (Gökova Bay), Chama adspersa in the Sea of Marmara andMya arenaria in the Aegean Sea. A total of 124 new alien species was determined within the last 5 years. Mollusca had the highest number of species (105 species), followed by Polychaeta (75 species), Crustacea (64 species) and Pisces (58 species). The highest number of alien species (330 species) were encountered on the Levantine coast of Turkey, followed by the Aegean Sea (165 species), Sea of Marmara (69 species) and Black Sea (20 species). The Suez Canal (66% of the total number of alien species) is the main vector for species introductions to the coasts of Turkey, followed by the ship-mediated transport (30%). The majority of species (306 species, 76% of total number of species) have become established in the area, while 59 species are classified as casual (15%), 23 species as questionable (6%) and 13 species as cryptogenic (3%). One new alien species was introduced to the coasts of Turkey every 4 weeks between 1991 and 2010. The majority of aliens were found on soft substratum (198 species) in shallow waters (0-10 m) (319 species). Some species such asCaulerpa racemosa, Amphistegina lobifera, Amphisorus hemprichii, Rhopilema nomadica, Mnemiopsis leidyi, Hydroides spp., Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Charybdis longicollis, Rapana venosa, Asterias rubens, Siganus spp. and Lagocephalus sceleratus show high invasive characters, and have great impacts both on the prevailing ecosystems and humans.
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Heinrichs, Steffi, Aníbal Pauchard, and Peter Schall. "Native Plant Diversity and Composition Across a Pinus radiata D.Don Plantation Landscape in South-Central Chile—The Impact of Plantation Age, Logging Roads and Alien Species." Forests 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9090567.
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Alien tree plantations are expanding globally with potential negative effects for native biodiversity. We investigated plant species diversity and composition in a Pinus radiata landscape in south-central Chile, a biodiversity hotspot, by sampling understory vegetation in different plantation age classes, along forest roads and in natural forest remnants in order to find effective conservation measures for native biodiversity. Plantations, including different age classes and roadsides, maintained high native species richness at the landscape scale but supported a completely different community composition than natural forests. Thus, natural forest remnants must be conserved as plantations cannot replace them. Certain natural forest species occurred frequently in mature plantations and can represent starting points for retaining natural elements in plantations. Generalist native and alien species benefited from plantation management, mainly in young plantations and along roadsides. Stand maturation and a closed canopy, though, reduced alien species occurrences within plantations. Along roads, shade-tolerant aliens should be monitored and removed as they can potentially invade natural forests. Native species conservation in plantations requires a holistic approach of the full mosaic of land uses including the protection of remaining natural forests, alien species monitoring along roadsides and patches with continuous canopy cover to reduce pressure by alien species.
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Pancucci-Papadopoulou, Maria Antonietta, Dionysios E. Raitsos, and Maria Corsini-Foka. "Biological invasions and climatic warming: implications for south-eastern Aegean ecosystem functioning." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 4 (July 26, 2011): 777–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411000981.
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The Aegean Sea, due to the complexity and variety of morphological features, bathymetry, hydrological, hydrodynamic features and climatic characteristics, offers a unique opportunity for monitoring the spreading and/or invasion of alien biota. It is known that the establishment of warm/tropical marine alien species is related mainly to the increase in sea temperature. A significant increase in aliens' number along the southern Aegean (Dodecanese) coasts has been documented in the last twenty years, while their arrival has produced evident changes in coastal ecosystem composition and function. Although the study area acts as a crossroad for tropical alien species introduction in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, a direct attempt to link temperature alterations with new alien species arrivals has not been performed. Satellite and in situ derived marine temperature data showed that the study area has gone through a remarkable warming, while the link between global temperatures and regional ones revealed that this warming is not a local phenomenon but part of global climate trends. Examining relationships between new alien species arrivals data since 1929 against global temperatures, it is shown that their introduction rate parallels the significant increase of marine temperatures. The association of alien introductions with marine water warming, as well as potential effects on ecosystem functioning of selected species is discussed.
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Latini, Anderson O., Dilermando P. Lima-Junior, Henrique C. Giacomini, Ricardo O. Latini, Daniela C. Resende, Helder M. V. Espírito-Santo, Dilliani F. Barros, and Tiago L. Pereira. "Alien fishes in lakes of the Doce river basin (Brazil): range, new occurrences and conservation of native communities." Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 5, no. 2 (March 2, 2023): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2004.22015.
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The present study shows the distribution of alien fish species in tropical lakes in the middle Doce river basin, southeastern Brazil, obtained from a rapid assessment program. The causes for their introductions were sportfishing improvement in some specific lakes and aquaculture in the studied basin. Presently, these species have a wide distribution occurring in 41 of the 54 lakes studied, representing an actual threat to regional native fish community. The natural connection among lakes and streams during the rainy season and the dispersal mediated by local people are the main invasion agents for alien fishes. The success of these invaders is probably due to absence of pre-existing effective competitors or top-predators in the invaded communities. We consider that the eradication of alien fishes by means of the available management tools may be very difficult due to the large number of lakes invaded and to the wide spectrum of lake conditions and resources exploited by these alien species. We recommend the use of environmental education as a tool to stop the human-mediated dispersion of aliens and to improve conservation of native fish community in lakes where these alien species are not present yet.
Keywords: Alien species, biological invasions, biodiversity conservation, fish, tropical lakes.
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Hrivnák, Richard, Jana Medvecká, Peter Baláži, Kateřina Bubíková, Helena Oťaheľová, and Marek Svitok. "Alien aquatic plants in Slovakia over 130 years: historical overview, current distribution and future perspectives." NeoBiota 49 (July 26, 2019): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.49.34318.
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Alien aquatic plants rank amongst the major threats to aquatic biodiversity and, since ongoing climate change is expected to facilitate their further spread, there is an urgent need for sound knowledge of their distribution and ecology. We collected published and unpublished data spanning the last ~130 years and performed the first comprehensive assessment of alien aquatic vascular plants in Slovakia with the following aims: (i) to prepare a national inventory, (ii) to assess the effects of climate and landscape on species diversity and (iii) to evaluate the habitat preferences of the species. The historical overview showed a strongly increasing trend in the number of alien species related to an increased amount of intensive research of aquatic vegetation over the last 30 years. Altogether, 20 neophyte alien aquatic plant taxa were recorded from 479 sampling sites. However, the species inventory seems to be far from complete and approximately 14 species are expected to remain undetected. Elodeacanadensis and E.nuttallii are the most frequently occurring alien aquatic plants, while eight other species have been found at a single site only. The majority of alien plants were deliberately introduced as aquarium ornamentals or released through pond waste. The fragmented information on local habitat conditions did not allow us to draw firm conclusions about the habitat preferences of alien aquatic plants. However, artificial water bodies are more frequently colonised by alien species than natural habitats (95% of aliens were found in artificial water bodies and 60% of them were recorded exclusively in these habitats) and many species have broad environmental tolerances (ability to colonise both standing and running waters, tolerances to a wide range of temperatures and water chemistry). Our results reaffirm the major role of increased temperatures and landscape modification in the distribution of alien aquatic plants and we can expect enhanced invasiveness and spreading of alien species into new habitats driven by climate change and land use intensification. Filling a main gap in the recognition of alien aquatic plant environmental preferences is a challenge for future research with the ultimate goal of maintaining natural aquatic plant diversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Bordbar, Farzaneh, and Pierre Meerts. "Patterns in the alien flora of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a comparison of Asteraceae and Fabaceae." Plant Ecology and Evolution 153, no. 3 (November 23, 2020): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2020.1754.
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Background and aims – This work provides the first pattern analysis of the alien flora of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (D.R. Congo), using Asteraceae and Fabaceae as a case study. Methods – Based on herbarium collections, existing databases, and literature data, a database of 38 alien species of Asteraceae and 79 alien species of Fabaceae has been assembled. Patterns in the introduction pathway, phylogeny, life form, morpho-functional traits, geographic origin, and occurrence in D.R. Congo are explored. Key results – America is the main source continent in both families, but Asia is also an important donor of Fabaceae. Taxonomic spectrum discrepancies between the alien and the native flora reflect the continent of origin. Sixty-six percent of alien Asteraceae have been accidentally introduced, most of which being annual weeds of disturbed soil. In contrast, 90% of alien Fabaceae have been deliberately introduced for forestry, agriculture, or environmental purposes, most of which being phanerophytes. Traits were compared between pairs of congeneric alien and native species. For Asteraceae, a sharp discrepancy was found in the life form spectrum (aliens: mostly therophytes; natives: phanerophytes). For Fabaceae, alien species had larger leaves and larger pods compared to their native congeners. The number of specimens in collections was positively correlated with the time since the date of first collection for both families. The Guineo-Congolian region has the highest number of alien Fabaceae, while alien Asteraceae are overrepresented in the Zambezian region.Conclusions – Contrasting patterns between alien Asteraceae and Fabaceae in the flora of D.R. Congo in terms of life forms, trait divergence compared to the native flora, and occurrence, reflect the divergent biological attributes and relations to humans of the two families. The striking discrepancies between the two families call for analyses of patterns of alien flora at family level and warn against global generalisations.
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Expósito, Ana B., Antonio Siverio, Luis A. Bermejo, and Eduardo Sobrino-Vesperinas. "Checklist of alien plant species in a natural protected area: Anaga Rural Park (Tenerife, Canary Islands); effect of human infrastructures on their abundance." Plant Ecology and Evolution 151, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1330.
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Background and aims – Invasive alien (exotic) species are one of the most serious threats to the conservation of biodiversity on the planet. This is especially true on islands, given the fragility of their ecosystems and high levels of endemicity in both species and ecosystems. The problem is particularly acute in the Canary Islands, a biodiversity `hot spot´, where there is widespread high endemicity and unique biodiversity. This paper presents the first comprehensive inventory of alien plant species in Anaga Rural Park (ARP) (Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain) a Natural Protected Area, currently proposed as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Anaga is also outstanding for including a relict Tertiary era laurel-forest ecosystem that hosts a large number of palaeoendemics.Methods – Surveys were conducted along itineraries through the different ecosystems of ARP to determine the alien plant species in areas with different levels of human impact.Key results – Two hundred and sixteen alien species were identified, belonging to 53 families and 141 genera, especially concentrated in the most anthropic areas, noting the possibly competitive coexistence of aliens and local endemics of importance in the ecosystem. This is the first overall comprehensive study on the importance of alien species in ARP. Surveys confirmed how human infrastructure and activities significantly favour the presence and diversity of exotic species. Using multivariate statistical analysis, significant differences were found between the species diversity of alien flora and the proximity of anthropic areas. The presence of Cuscuta campestris Yunck was detected, being a second record for the Canaries and the first for ARP.Conclusions – A large number of alien plant species inhabit ARP, affecting all its ecosystems. This is largely the result of the human activities within it, and poses a risk to its conservation and the survival of numerous endemic taxa s. str.
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Strayer, David L., Elizabeth A. Blair, Nina F. Caraco, Jonathan J. Cole, Stuart Findlay, W. Charles Nieder, and Michael L. Pace. "Interactions between alien species and restoration of large-river ecosystems." Large Rivers 15, no. 1-4 (December 19, 2003): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/15/2003/133.
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YEO, DARREN C. J., and CHERYL S. W. CHIA. "INTRODUCED SPECIES IN SINGAPORE: AN OVERVIEW." COSMOS 06, no. 01 (August 2010): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607710000486.
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An overview of the invasive alien species situation in Singapore is presented. An updated checklist of introduced or alien animals in Singapore is provided; of the 142 species of invertebrates and vertebrates documented, more than 70% are considered established. A brief introduction and discussion of pertinent definitions and terminology for describing invasive alien species, with particular reference to Singapore, is included. In addition, important pathways for biological invasion into Singapore are highlighted, and legislation and institutional roles with respect to alien species issues in Singapore are summarized, featuring examples of management programmes. The article concludes by identifying areas emphasized in recently published alien species research in Singapore and knowledge gaps that need to be filled.
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Baranoski, B., N. Khromykh, L. Karmyzova, I. Ivanko, and Y. Lykholat. "ANALYSIS OF THE ALIEN FLORA OF DNIPROPETROVSK PROVINCE." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, no. 3 (December 22, 2016): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2016113.
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<p>Plant invasion in the Northern Steppe Dnieper has a long history complicated by excessive anthropogenic transformation of territory. Alien species status, origin areas, life history, and invasive tendency of alien species in Dnipropetrovsk region were investigated. The presence of 286 alien species of 61 families was registered. Some 7 families had the greatest species diversity (156 alien species that was 55% of total species number); 30 families were represented by 2–9 alien species, and 24 families contained only 1 alien species. So, the current proportion of the alien species was almost 17% in the regional flora. Archaeophytes consist of 40% of the total alien species, while neophytes had more than 60%. The proportion of naturalized species amounted 58% from alien species, whereas the share of casual species was 42%. The greatest abundance of alien species was typical for <em>Brassicaceae</em>, <em>Asterasea</em>, and <em>Poaceae </em>(14, 13, and 9% of the total species number). We proved invasive status of 28 species and positive trend regard alien species ratio for last years. </p>
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Chen, Hua, Jian Liu, Tong Xue, and Ren Qing Wang. "Roads Accelerate the Invasion Process of Alien Species." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1483.
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Biological invasions have been identified as one of the human-induced global changes, which not only threaten native biodiversity but also cause a considerable economic loss both globally and locally. The long distance dispersal of alien species is often facilitated by human activities and disturbances. This paper summarized lots of paper to explain how road affect the local biodiversity and accelerate the invasion process of alien species. We discuss several aspects to clarify this issue: the impacts of roads affect the alien and native species in new regions, environmental conditions near roads affect the effect of roads, the effects of roads on alien species in high altitude regions, the effects of roads on different propagation manner of alien species and at last the fast growth of road length and alien species in China. Human disturbances promote the performance and abundance of alien species in new regions, and roads as one key of human disturbances act as corridors for the flow of alien propagules and seeds into new landscapes and ultimately accelerate the invasion process of alien species.
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Shupova, T. V. "Connections of alien birds species with alien plants of parks and botanical gardens." Studia Biologica 15, no. 1 (2021): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1501.648.
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Introduction. In urban conditions, alien species of biota have become an integral part of the cultural landscape. Today, an overall assessment of the influence of alien species on the functioning of ecosystems of their secondary range as is relevant. Such an assessment requires knowledge of the connections formed by alien species in the secondary habitat. The purpose of the study was to find the connections of alien bird species with alien plant species in the parks and botanical gardens of Kyiv. Methods. Assessment was carried out in 10 forest parks, 3 botanical gardens, and 14 urban parks. In parks and botanical gardens, there is a wide range of plants alien to Kyiv Region, in contrast to forest parks. The number and distribution of birds were determined using the method of transect counts. The total area under study was about 370 hectares. Principal Component Analysis of the characteristics of habitats on which the number of alien birds may depend has been carried out. In the research, α-diversity indices of bird communities; number of people (individuals/km); number of pets (individuals/km); park’s area (ha); part of the territory; under the trees (%); part of alien species on plants communities (%) were analyzed. Results. Parus major, Turdus merula, Erithacus rubecula, Fringilla сoelebs dominate in all communities. Columba palumbus, Ficedula albicollis, Turdus pilaris, Columba livia, Apus apus, Sturnus vulgaris, Passer domesticus sometimes dominate in bird communities in parks and botanical gardens. There are no alien species in forest parks. 4 alien species nest in parks and botanical gardens: Streptopelia decaocto, Dendrocopos syriacus, Phoenicurus ochruros, Serinus serinus (from the last century). Phylloscopus trochiloides was observed for the first time. Nesting of Ph. trochiloides was not confirmed. Alien birds are not evenly distributed (0–3 species). Nest density is low: S. decaocto 0.013±0.01–0.021±0.01, D. syriacus 0.031±0.01–0.043±0.04, Ph. ochruros 0–0.034±0.02, S. serinus 0.013±0.01–0.017±0.01. We assume that alien bird species is an element that replaces the species that were eliminated from the community. Their nesting in forest parks is an indicator of a disruption of the functioning of the forest ecosystem as a result of anthropogenic transformation of the forest. The presence of alien species of birds in modern parks and botanical gardens is normal. Their biotopes were created on the sites of destroyed landscapes and with using alien plant species. Conclusion. In parks and botanical gardens, a specific structure of the plant community has developed due to the introduction of alien plant species, with a tree height of 3–5 m. As a consequence, alien birds find nesting stations in communities of nesting birds, which were not occupied by native species due to the absence of many species of tree canopy nesters and ground nesters birds. Alien species of birds also get access to vacant food resources. Alien birds use vacant resources. It was found that the area of parks has the most profound positive impact on the number of species of alien birds (+0.517), as well as the ratio of alien birds (+0.227). Other important correlations observed were the following: the number of species of alien birds in the bird communities – a part of alien species in plant communities (+0.084), the ratio of alien birds – part of alien species in plant communities (+0.041). The strongest negative connection is as follows: the number of species of alien birds in the bird communities – the number of pets (-0.213), the ratio of alien birds – the number of pets (-0.384).
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Ferenc, Viktoria, Christian Merkert, Frederik Zilles, and Christine S. Sheppard. "Native and alien species suffer from late arrival, while negative effects of multiple alien species on natives vary." Oecologia 197, no. 1 (August 19, 2021): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-05017-3.
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AbstractOngoing globalisation and climate change are causing plant species to invade new habitats and thereby alter biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Since numbers of plant invasions continue to increase globally, it is crucial to investigate the effects of multiple co-occurring alien species on native communities. Furthermore, priority effects due to the earlier emergence of certain species affecting fitness of later arriving species can shape community structure and affect native species performance. We investigate in a common garden pot experiment the interactions among five alien-native species pairs. First we focus on the effect of growing with either one or two alien neighbour species on a native plant, second we alter the arrival time of the alien or native neighbour by 3 weeks. Generally, native species performance decreased when surrounded by two alien species compared to only one, although the magnitude of this effect varied depending on species, with one species even performing better with alien neighbours than in monoculture. Species performance greatly decreased when arriving second in the pot, for both native and alien species. In contrast, alien species tended to benefit more from arriving early. Given that we studied annual ruderal species, their potentially lower competitive ability might explain why we detected negative effects of late arrival. We highlight the need to further elucidate underlying mechanisms of small-scale invasion dynamics to achieve generalisations concerning the response of multiple alien and native plants given their species-specific differences in response to neighbour species and arrival time.
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KOBAYASHI, Tatsuaki. "Alien species problem and revegetation technology." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 30, no. 2 (2004): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.30.396.
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Boxshall, Geoff. "Alien Species in European Coastal Waters." Aquatic Invasions 2, no. 4 (December 2007): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.4.1.
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IKEDA, Tohru. "Urgent Problems Caused by Alien Species." Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 7, no. 1 (2002): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5686/jjzwm.7.13.
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Rainbow, Philip. "Impacts of invasions by alien species." Journal of Zoology 246, no. 2 (October 1998): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00153.x.
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Clout, Mick N., and Maj De Poorter. "International Initiatives Against Invasive Alien Species." Weed Technology 19, no. 3 (September 2005): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-126.1.
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Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major threat to biological diversity on a global scale, necessitating international cooperation to address the problem. This paper gives the context in which action against IAS needs to take place, explains the need for international cooperation, and provides examples of key international instruments, strategies, and programs to deal with IAS.
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Pyšek, Petr, Philip E. Hulme, Dan Simberloff, Sven Bacher, Tim M. Blackburn, James T. Carlton, Wayne Dawson, et al. "Scientists' warning on invasive alien species." Biological Reviews 95, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 1511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12627.
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McGeoch, Melodie A., Dian Spear, Elizabeth J. Kleynhans, and Elrike Marais. "Uncertainty in invasive alien species listing." Ecological Applications 22, no. 3 (April 2012): 959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1252.1.
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Lawson Handley, L. J., A. Estoup, D. M. Evans, C. E. Thomas, E. Lombaert, B. Facon, A. Aebi, and H. E. Roy. "Ecological genetics of invasive alien species." BioControl 56, no. 4 (August 2011): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10526-011-9386-2.
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Gudžinskas, Zigmantas. "Alien herbaceous plant species new to Lithuania." Botanica Lithuanica 23, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botlit-2017-0003.
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AbstractThis paper presents information about ten new alien plant species recorded in Lithuania in the period from 1995 to 2014. These species belong to eight families: Cucurbitaceae (Lagenaria siceraria), Juncaceae (Luzula sylvestris), Lamiaceae (Physostegia virginiana, Sideritis montana), Poaceae (Melica altissima, Miscanthus sacchariflorus), Portulacaceae (Claytonia perfoliata), Scrophulariaceae (Digitalis purpurea), Solanaceae (Datura inoxia) and Zygophyllaceae (Tribulus terestris). Three species (Claytonia perfoliata, Sideritis montana and Tribulus terestris) were introduced accidentally, whereas other seven species were introduced deliberately and later escaped from cultivation. One species, Luzula sylvatica, is ascribed to the group of established aliens, whereas other recorded species are treated as casual. Local establishment of Claytonia perfoliata, Digitalis purpurea and Melica altissima is expected, whereas Miscanthus sacchariflorus can become established and even invasive in the future.
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El-Barougy, Reham F., Mohammed A. Dakhil, Mohamed Abdelaal, Ali El-Keblawy, and Louis-Félix Bersier. "Trait-Environment Relationships Reveal the Success of Alien Plants Invasiveness in an Urbanized Landscape." Plants 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081519.
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Urban areas are being affected by rapidly increasing human-made pressures that can strongly homogenize biodiversity, reduce habitat heterogeneity, and facilitate the invasion of alien species. One of the key concerns in invaded urban areas is comparing the trait–environment relationships between alien and native species, to determine the underlying causes of invasiveness. In the current study, we used a trait–environment dataset of 130 native plants and 33 alien plants, recorded in 100 plots covering 50 urban areas and 50 non-urban ones in an urbanization gradient in the arid mountainous Saint-Katherine protected area in Egypt. We measured eleven morphological plant traits for each plant species and ten environmental variables in each plot, including soil resources and human-made pressures, to construct trait–environment associations using a fourth-corner analysis. In addition, we measured the mean functional and phylogenetic distances between the two species groups along an urbanization gradient. Our results revealed strongly significant relationships of alien species traits with human-made pressures and soil resources in urban areas. However, in non-urban areas, alien species traits showed weak and non-significant associations with the environment. Simultaneously, native plants showed consistency in their trait–environment relationships in urban and non-urban areas. In line with these results, the functional and phylogenetic distances declined between the aliens and natives in urban areas, indicating biotic homogenization with increasing urbanization, and increased in non-urban areas, indicating greater divergence between the two species groups. Thereby, this study provided evidence that urbanization can reveal the plasticity of alien species and can also be the leading cause of homogenization in an arid urban area. Future urban studies should investigate the potential causes of taxonomic, genetic, and functional homogenization in species composition in formerly more diverse urbanized areas.
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Cuthbert, Ross N., Syrmalenia G. Kotronaki, Jaimie T. A. Dick, and Elizabeta Briski. "Salinity tolerance and geographical origin predict global alien amphipod invasions." Biology Letters 16, no. 9 (September 2020): 20200354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0354.
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Invasive alien species are driving global biodiversity loss, compromising ecosystem function and service provision, and human, animal and plant health. Habitat characteristics and geographical origin may predict invasion success, and in aquatic environments could be mediated principally by salinity tolerance. Crustacean invaders are causing global problems and we urgently require better predictive power of their invasiveness. Here, we compiled global aquatic gammarid (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaroidea) diversity and examined their salinity tolerances and regions of origin to test whether these factors predict invasion success. Across 918 aquatic species within this superfamily, relatively few gammarids ( n = 27, 3%) were reported as aliens, despite extensive invasion opportunities and high numbers of published studies on amphipod invasions. However, reported alien species were disproportionately salt-tolerant (i.e. 32% of brackish-water species), with significantly lower proportions of aliens originating from freshwater and marine environments (both 1%). Alien gammarids also significantly disproportionally originated from the Ponto-Caspian (20% of these taxa) when compared with all ‘other' grouped regions (1%), and principally invaded Eurasian waters, with translocations of salt-tolerant taxa to freshwaters being pervasive. This suggests habitat characteristics, alongside regional contexts, help predict invasibility. In particular, broad environmental tolerances to harsh environments and associated evolutionary history probably promote success of aliens globally.