Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alien Species

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Alien Species'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Alien Species"

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Skiba, Gary T. "Alien Species Revisited." Science News 143, no. 9 (February 27, 1993): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976959.

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CINAR, M. E., M. BILECENOGLU, B. OZTURK, T. KATAGAN, and V. AYSEL. "Alien species on the coasts of Turkey." Mediterranean Marine Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.187.

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The compilation of data on alien species reported from the Turkish coasts yielded a total of 263 species belonging to 11 systematic groups, of which Mollusca had the highest number of species (85 species), followed by Crustacea (51), fishes (43) and phytobenthos (39). The Black Sea is represented by a total of 20 alien species, the Sea of Marmara by 48 species, the Aegean Sea by 98 species and the Levantine Sea by 202 species. The majority of aliens found in the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara were transported via shipping, whereas the Levantine coast is extensively subjected to Lessepsian migration. Benthic habitats (soft and hard substrata) comprise 76% of the total alien species and the pelagic environment is inhabited by thirty-nine species. Almost 50% of aliens collected from the Turkish coasts were found only at 0-10 m depth. Eight species occur at depths deeper than 100 m. The impacts of aliens on the benthic and pelagic ecosystems are presented.
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Castellani, Maria Beatrice, Lorenzo Lastrucci, Lorenzo Lazzaro, Rossano Bolpagni, Alice Dalla Vecchia, and Andrea Coppi. "The incidence of alien species on the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of lentic and lotic communities dominated by Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 423 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022001.

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This study aims to investigate, for the first time, the multiple diversity harbored in plant communities dominated by P. australis, discriminating between lentic and lotic habitats. We focused on the incidence of alien species on taxonomical, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Although it was hypothesized that ecological differences between habitats (lentic vs. lotic) could lead to plant adaptive trade-offs, results showed that the P. australis dominance affected overall plant diversity in the same way in both target habitats. Similarly, the two compared habitats hosted a similar alien species richness and relative abundance. Different results were observed based on whether the alien species richness or their relative abundance were considered regarding the incidence of alien species. Increasing alien species richness in lentic habitats resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Instead, in lotic habitats, it promoted a decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity. In contrast, the increase in the relative abundance of alien species resulted in increased taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in both habitats. Choosing relative abundance vs richness of aliens in lotic stands can have a different impact in evaluating the effect of aliens on various components of diversity.
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Pérez-Postigo, Isabel, Jörg Bendix, Heike Vibrans, and Ramón Cuevas-Guzmán. "Diversity of alien roadside herbs along an elevational gradient in western Mexico." NeoBiota 65 (May 28, 2021): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.65.67192.

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Growing numbers of alien plant species threaten natural ecosystems worldwide. Mexico, as a megadiverse country, has lower numbers of alien species than other regions in America. However, there is a lack of information on the factors that determine the diversity patterns of alien species and their relative importance in the vegetation. The diversity of alien roadside herbs was analysed along an elevational gradient in western Mexico, including their relationship with environmental factors. Three hundred and seventeen herbaceous species were found in 37 sampling sites; 10% were aliens. The proportion of alien species in the ruderal herbaceous communities was lower than the average for this vegetation type in the country. Absolute species richness of natives was significantly and positively correlated with elevation. Absolute species richness of aliens was not significantly correlated with elevation, still; higher values were found at lower elevations. Generalised linear models for relative species richness and relative abundance of aliens with elevation had positive estimates near 0, which, though statistically significant, indicated a weak relationship. Other environmental co-factors, such as the distance to roads and highways, climatic variables, and disturbance indicators, were included in a random forest model. No clear correlation patterns were found. This seemingly random distribution of alien herbaceous plants in the region might be caused by the relatively recent introduction of most of the species. They have not yet had time to expand their distribution to their potential maximum. The early stage of the naturalisation process allows us to minimise the further spread of some species with targeted management and prevent them from becoming invasive.
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Holmes, Bob. "Love those alien species!" New Scientist 221, no. 2962 (March 2014): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(14)60642-4.

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Carter, E. "Pests, vermin, alien species…" Animal Welfare 30, no. 1 (February 2021): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600009180.

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Lazarina, Maria, Mariana A. Tsianou, Georgios Boutsis, Aristi Andrikou-Charitidou, Elpida Karadimou, and Athanasios S. Kallimanis. "Urbanization and Human Population Favor Species Richness of Alien Birds." Diversity 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12020072.

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Human activities like urbanization and agriculture affect spatial biodiversity patterns. The presence and activities of humans richly benefit alien species, but native species usually decline in human-impacted areas. Considering that the richness of alien and native species are inter-related, we explored the effect of human population density, human-related land uses (agricultural and urban), and natural land area on avian (alien and native) species richness of Massachusetts for two time periods using Generalized Additive Models. Avian alien species richness increased with native species richness in both time periods. Despite the predominant role of native species richness as a major driver of alien species richness, human activities play an important additional role in shaping species richness patterns of established aliens. Human-related land uses (urban and agricultural) and human population favored alien species richness in both time periods. Counter to expectations, human activities were also positively associated to native avian species richness. Possible explanations of these patterns may include habitat heterogeneity, increased availability of resources, and reduced predation risk.
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Kitamura, Toru. "Biodiversity and Alien Species -For Discussion on the Problem of Alien Species." Marine Engineering 47, no. 5 (2012): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.47.657.

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Seebens, Hanno, Tim M. Blackburn, Ellie E. Dyer, Piero Genovesi, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Shyama Pagad, et al. "Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 10 (February 5, 2018): E2264—E2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719429115.

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Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species—those never encountered as aliens before—therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: One-quarter of first records during 2000–2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1–16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.
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Levin, Sam C., Raelene M. Crandall, Tyler Pokoski, Claudia Stein, and Tiffany M. Knight. "Phylogenetic and functional distinctiveness explain alien plant population responses to competition." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1930 (July 2020): 20201070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1070.

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Several invasion hypotheses predict a positive association between phylogenetic and functional distinctiveness of aliens and their performance, leading to the idea that distinct aliens compete less with their resident communities. However, synthetic pattern relationships between distinctiveness and alien performance and direct tests of competition as the driving mechanism have not been forthcoming. This is likely because different patterns are observed at different spatial grains, because functional trait and phylogenetic information are often incomplete, and because of the need for competition experiments that measure demographic responses across a variety of alien species that vary in their distinctiveness. We conduct a competitor removal experiment and parameterize matrix population and integral projection models for 14 alien plant species. More novel aliens compete less strongly with co-occurring species in their community, but these results dissipate at a larger spatial grain of investigation. Further, we find that functional traits used in conjunction with phylogeny improve our ability to explain competitive responses. Our investigation shows that competition is an important mechanism underlying the differential success of alien species.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alien Species"

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CHINCHIO, ELEONORA. "DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/821735.

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Increased global trade and travel have led to a rise in the number of invasive alien species (IAS), i.e. species introduced by humans in geographic areas where are not naturally found, worldwide. Despite the recognized role of wildlife, as well as of wildlife translocations, in the emergence and re-emergence of infections of public health significance, IAS remain mainly studied for their environmental impacts, and their disease risk towards humans and animals is still largely neglected by health professionals. The main aim of this thesis is therefore to cover this gap by setting the ground for a new “invasion epidemiology” field, and this has been done through two main steps: the review and analysis of both the mechanisms underlying IAS disease risk and the information available in literature on IAS pathogens, and the development of a standardized qualitative disease risk assessment method, applicable to different geographic contexts, to assess the risk of mammal IAS to impact on human and animal health. First, I reviewed the existing biological and ecological literature on IAS to identify the main mechanisms by which animal IAS may affect disease risk in their area of release. IAS resulted to potentially affect disease risk both directly, by acting as hosts of infectious agents, thus possibly leading to the introduction of new pathogens, and/or the amplification of endemic ones, or indirectly, by altering the ecosystem equilibrium, through competitive and trophic interactions with native host species or the modification of local habitats. This literature review highlighted how IAS may have important health implications, which should be better acknowledged by people working in the human and animal health field, and how the mechanisms underlying the sanitary outcome of a biological invasion, and in particular indirect ones, are extremely complex, being the product of multiple factors. Acknowledging the important limitations of our current ability to predict possible health impacts driven by indirect mechanisms, I decided to address the issue of IAS disease risk by focusing specifically on IAS possible role as infectious agents’ host. As information on IAS pathogens is not systematized, preventing from knowing the amount and quality of available data to inform possible disease risk assessment procedures, I systematically reviewed the literature on the infectious agents of the main mammal species of European Union concern. Current knowledge on the pathogens harbored by mammal IAS was evaluated through different statistical approaches: the identification of the main factors associated with research intensity and the observed pathogen species richness, the estimation of the true helminth species richness, and a meta-analysis of prevalence of the pathogens of public and animal health significance. Results highlighted the existence of strong information gaps and biases in the way research on mammal IAS pathogens is carried out, the current underestimation of the amount of pathogens harbored by these species and high levels of uncertainty in the pooled prevalence of pathogens of public and animal health significance. However, the review confirmed that mammal IAS harbor pathogens of human and animal health significance, and therefore, the need to identify high-risk species. Considering that the existing knowledge gaps would have resulted in strong limitations in informing a risk assessment procedure, I developed a qualitative disease risk assessment methodology informed by expert opinion. This tool is specifically aimed at assessing IAS disease risk towards humans, domestic animal populations, and/or wildlife populations and allows to obtain a list of the pathogens of animal and human health significance that mammal IAS could transmit to a population of interest (directly or through the communities of local hosts), each with the related level of risk and uncertainty. Key features of the tool are its flexibility, being applicable to different contexts and for different purposes, and the high resolution of the mechanisms under assessment, which make possible for risk managers identifying the most critical pathogens and mechanisms involved in disease risk, allowing them to direct targeted actions and surveillance plans. Finally, the need to combine multiple likelihood estimates deriving from several pathways in an overall risk estimate led me to tackle a methodological aspect of qualitative risk assessment procedures, and I proposed a standardized method applicable in such cases, to reduce the subjectivity that relies in the different ways multiple estimates are currently combined.
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Dutrieux, Mariane. "Spatio-temporal species distribution modeling: Application to invasive alien species’ monitoring." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224319.

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The developments of species distribution modeling techniques have brought new opportunities in the field of biological invasion management. In particular, statistical niche modeling for spatio-temporal predictions of species’ distribution is a widely spread tool that has proved its efficiency. The main purpose of this Master thesis is to study applicability of species distribution modeling to invasive alien species, with the aim of supporting efficient decision-making for their prevention. Some research questions are: how useful can species distribution modeling be for invasives’ prevention? Is distribution modeling technically feasible in the case of invasive species? What types of techniques are recommended to model distributions of IAS? What are the limits of such a tool? The methods employed to answer these questions are literature review and expert advice. I found that species distribution models can provide risk maps which are necessary to enable effective invasive alien species’ prevention. However intrinsic characteristics of invasives introduce uncertainties in the predictions made. Consequently several preliminary analyses should be conducted before applying the distribution model. Finally recommendations were made on the most appropriate distribution modeling technique to use depending on the urgency of the situation and the availability of data.
Utvecklingen av metoder för modelering av artdistribution har medfört nya möjligheter inom området hantering av biologiska invasioner. Statistisk nischmodelering för spatio-temporala förutsägelser av arters distribution är ett väl använt verktyg som har visat sig vara effektivt. Det övergripande målet med det här arbetet har varit att studera hur lämpad artmodelering är vid förebyggande av invasioner av främmande arter. Det har även undersökts huruvida metoden kan bidra till bättre och enklare beslutsfattande när det kommer till att förhindra sådana invasioner. Forskningsfrågorna lyder: hur användbart är fördelningsmodelering för förebyggande av spriding av invasiva arter? Är distributionsmodelering tekniskt genomförbar när det gäller invasiva arter? Vilka olika tekniker rekommenderas för att modelera spridningen av invasiva arter? Vilka begräsningar har modelerna? De metoder som används är litteraturöversikt och expertråd. Resultaten visar att artdistributionsmodelering kan bidra till att sammanställa riskkartor som är nödvändiga för att möjliggöra ett förebyggande arbete. Men speciella egenskaper hos de invasiva arterna som är svåra att förutse skapar osäkerheter i resultatet. Därför kan preliminära analyser med fördel genomföras innan modelering. I slutsatserna återfinns rekommendationer för vilken distributionsmodelteknik man bör använda, beroende av hur brådskande situationen är och om data finns tillgängligt.
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Theile, H. Lenore. "Invasion of contrasting ecosystems by alien plant species /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18380.pdf.

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Emer, Carine. "Multiple aspects of alien species in pollination networks." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.686826.

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In a rapidly changing world, where many species are declining due to anthropogenic disturbance while others are invading disturbed habitats, understanding how alien species affect ecological processes is crucially important. In this thesis I use ecological networks as a tool to investigate how alien species integrate and affect pollination at the community level. First, I tested whether the invasion of an alien plant (Impatiens glandulifera) affects pollen transfer networks and found no significant change in network structure between invaded and uninvaded habitats. While more alien pollen was recorded on invaded sites only five plant species retained 91% of all balsam pollen on their stigmas. These results point towards the robustness of pollination networks to plant invasion. Second, I investigated intraspecific variability and specialization in pollen transport and pollen transfer networks; strong intraspecific variation was found for both plants and pollinators along with higher specialization found in pollen transport networks. And finally, I asked whether a species role in network structure differs between its native and alien ranges and whether the former can be used to predict the latter; no significant difference in species role between ranges was detected, and degree and closeness were highly predictable from native to alien habitat. These results suggest species roles conservatism in pollination networks, whereby a species role in a network is similar whether it occurs in the native or in the alien range of its distribution. I conclude that a holistic approach encompassing different spatial, temporal and biological scales is needed if the aim is to understand how alien species interact and affect pollination. I also highlight ecological networks as a powerful tool to understand anthropogenic effects at the community level and suggest that merging the expertise from different disciplines is needed if we are to truly understand the invasion process.
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Saul, Amelia Mozelle. "Exploring the “density-benefit” relationships of alien species." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25806.

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The disastrous impacts of invasive alien species are well-documented. However, there is growing evidence that some alien species can also have positive effects in their new environments, adding complexity to their management. Classic density-damage relationships are used to determine cost effective densities at which to control alien populations and limit their adverse effects. In this thesis I proposed that the ecological benefits of alien species are also related to population density, and I hypothesised the different types of relationships that may exist. I then investigated the "density-benefit" relationships of three common alien species through a series of manipulative field experiments. Firstly, I examined the effect of population density on the pollination behaviour of alien black rats, Rattus rattus, that provide a pollination function for an Australian native plant. I found black rats at high densities behave in a way that may reduce their pollinator efficacy. I next investigated the effect of density upon an alien plant, Lantana camara, providing refuge for small native reptiles. I found that the abundance of reptiles was related to L. camara density in a U-shape, showing a benefit at high densities only. Then I conducted a simulation experiment to compare the digging activities of native marsupials and alien European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) at different densities. Digging density was significantly related to the germination and survival of seedlings. However, I detected a difference in the quality of the ecological function provided by these analogous alien and native species. Together, these results suggest that “density-benefit” relationships need to be integrated into the management of alien species densities. This work will advance the current understanding of alien species ecology, guide the management of alien species with complex impacts and ensure that significant ecological benefits provided by alien species are not lost unnecessarily.
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CHATZIDIMITRIOU, EVANGELIA. "Alien Invasive Species in Europe: Three Case Studies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427137.

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The incidental introduction of alien phytophagous insects and mites has become quite a common event in the world owing to intensive commercial exchanges of plants and goods and ever-increasing tourist traffic. There is evidence that this phenomenon is increasing, in spite of the control measures of the EU phytosanitary system in order to minimize unintentional introductions. The introduction of an alien species in a new ecosystem and the interaction between an alien species and the autochthonous species usually has many disadvantages. The alien species can dominate the invaded ecosystems and eventually become an invasive species due also to the absence or paucity of natural enemies. These invasions can affect the native species that become less common or threatened with extinction. Apart from the environmental impacts alien species are known for their economic and health impacts. In this study were investigated mostly 3 recently introduced alien species in Italy, namely Tuberocephalus (Trichosiphoniella) tianmushanensis Zang (Hemiptera Aphididae), Cydalima perspectalis (=Glyphodes) (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera Crambideae), the box caterpillar and Phenacoccus defectus Ferris (Rhynchota Pseudococcidae). The first chapter is a background of invasive ecology and presents with graphs the high number of alien species introduced in Europe the last years.. The second chapter is dealing with Tuberocephalus (Trichosiphoniella) tianmushanensis Zang, an Asiatic heteroecious species so far not recorded in Italy. This species was collected in the University Botanical Garden of Padova in spring 2012. On May 30, 2012 reddish-pink galls, with aphids inside, were observed on the leaves of two Prunus subhirtella cv. pendula trees (Rosaceae) (Weeping Higan Cherry), about 40 years old. Once mounted on slides the aphids were identified as Tuberocephalus (Trichosiphoniella) tianmushanensis Zang. The purposes of this study were to collect data on species distribution over the territory, by monitoring ornamental cherry trees in the Veneto region, to observe the phenology and biology of the Asiatic aphid, to study the life-cycle in screen houses and outdoors, to verify if its secondary host plant was an Artemisia sp., as reported in bibliography. Another aspect of the work was to provide an overview of the species belonging to the genus Tuberocephalus so far described, by consulting the available literature. It was made an effort to gather all the currently available information for each species, its distribution and information on their biology mainly regarding the first and secondary host plants. Results showed that Tuberocephalus (T.) tianmushanensis, is now considered acclimatized in our environment. The aphid is closely related to the presence of its primary host Prunus subhirtella v. pendula with pink flowers. The aphid can carry on two generations on Prunus and can induce two types of leaf galls. The gall A is induced by the fundatrix, while the gall B is induced by the fundatrigeniae. The trial of colonization on Artemisia vulgaris, failed for the second successive year so possibly Artemisia vulgaris is not the secondary host plant of the aphid, as reported in literature. The third chapter concers Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera, Crambiidae) (Walker, 1859), an asiatic pest of Buxus. It was reported for the first time in Europe in Germany in 2007. In Italy it was detected in 2011, in Lombardy, Como province. In a very short time it invaded the other northern regions and was recorded in Veneto in 2012. The larvae feed on leaves and shoots of the box trees and the infestations lead to defoliation of the plants. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenology of C. perspectalis. More precisely we examined the biological cycle of life, the number of molts and the overwintering stage. In addition host plants were monitored by regular samplings, from late winter to late fall to collect data on species distribution over the territory. The life-cycle was studied in screen houses and in the field, to investigate the role of potential predators and parasitoids. Additionally experiments were conducted with pheromones traps with the purpose of checking, monitoring and collecting data on species distribution over the territory, finding any possible differences based on climate, checking the potential differences between types of traps. According to the results of 2014 and 2015 in the Veneto Region C. perspectalis develops three generations / year. In 2014 the overwintering larvae started their activity early in February until mid-April while in 2015 one month later until end of April probably due to different climate conditions between these years. C. perspectalis overwinters in a silk cocoon in-between the leaves as a larva of 2nd instar and the number of larval instar is 5. The number of captures from the sex pheromones traps was low. No differences were observed between the two types of pheromones. C. perspectalis has spread quickly in our environment proving that it has acclimatized. So far, it seems there has been no adaptation by indigenous natural enemies (parasitoids) to C. persectalis. The next chapter is focued on the difficulty to separate the Phenacoccus solani Ferris and P. defectus Ferris (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). They are morphologically similar and the microscopic morphological characters of the adult female alone are not enough. In order to resolve their identity, a canonical variates morphological analysis of 199 specimens from different geographical origins and host plants and a molecular analysis of the CO1 and 28S genes were performed. The morphological analysis supported synonymy of the two species, as although the type specimens of the "species" are widely separated from each other in the canonical variates plot, they are all part of a continuous range of variation. The molecular analysis showed that P. solani and P. defectus are grouped in the same clade. On the basis of the morphological and molecular analyses, P. defectus is synonymized under the senior name P. solani, syn. n. Finally a zoogeographic analysis of the Greek scale insects fauna (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) was carried out with the aim to highlight how many alien scale insects species are so far present in the Greek territory. According to the last data, the scale insect fauna of whole Greek territory comprehends 207 species; a total of 187 species are recorded in mainland Greece and minor islands, whereas only 87 scale species are known so far in the island of Crete. The most numerous families are the Diaspididae, with 86 species in total, followed by Coccidae, with 35 species and by Pseudococcidae, with 34 species. The results of a first zoogeographical analysis of scale insect fauna of mainland Greece and the island of Crete is also presented. Five scale species, respectively four in mainland Greece and one in Crete, are considered as endemic. This analysis demonstrated that alien scale insects, introduced and acclimatized a long time ago or recent invaders, make up 30% of the Greek scale insects fauna.
Tra le specie di Phenacoccus neartiche, P. defectus Ferris, P. solani Ferris è P. solenopsis Tinsley condividono l’insolito carattere morfologico dell’assenza di pori pentaoculari è sono morfologicamente simili da rendere difficile l’ identificazione. Il problema della loro identificazione è stato evidenziato da diversi autori (McKenzie, 1967; Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992; Culik & Gullan, 2005; Pellizzari & Porcelli, 2013), benché sia generalmente riconosciuto che P. solenopsis possieda un maggior numero di pori multiloculari e un circulus di maggiori dimensioni rispetto alle altre due specie; inoltre quest’ultima è una specie bisessuale mentre le altre due si riproducono per partenogenesi. Le tre specie di cocciniglie condividono diverse piante ospite. In accordo con Hodgson et al. (2008) ci sono elementi che supportano l’ipotesi che si tratti di varianti di una singola specie. Per definire meglio il loro status tassonomico, abbiamo amplificato mediante PCR e sequenziato il frammento di DNA ‘barcode’ di P. solani, P. solenopsis, e P. defectus.
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Lopezaraiza, Mikel Martha Elena. "The impact of alien species on native pollination systems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427906.

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Robinson, Tamara Bridgett. "Marine alien species of South Africa : threats and opportunities." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6705.

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Until recently, marine bioinvasions have received little attention in South Africa, and the status of intertidal marine aliens was last assessed in 1990. I thus investigated the present distribution and status of three intertidal alien species (Mytilus galloprovineialis, Care in us maenas and Careinus aestuarii) and documented the presence and status of a previously unknown invasive, the Japanese oyster, Crassostrea gigas. M galloprovincialis was recorded along the entire west coast of South Africa, with populations extending up to central Namibia, and along the south coast of South Africa to 40 km west of East London. Along South African shores a total stock of 35 403.7 tons (± 7 241.4 SE) was recorded, with the vast majority of the stock occurring on the west coast (31 054.5 tons ± 6 274.1 SE). C. maenas supports a substantial population of 133 568 individuals (95 % confidence range == 97 694 - 166 862) in Table Bay Harbour which appears to be acting as in invasion incubator for surrounding areas. A new population of 9 180 individuals (95 % confidence range 5 870 - 12 003) was recorded in Hout Bay Harbour. This represents a range extension along the Cape Peninsula. The low intertidal abundance of this crab between these localities is thought to reflect the inability of C. maenas to inhabit exposed habitats. C. aestuarii was not recorded during this study despite previous documentation of its presence. In 2003, naturalised populations of C. gigas were documented in the low shore zone of the Breede, Goukou and Knysna Estuaries, but not on the open coast. This may again be indicative of the limiting effect of wave action on species alien to South African shores. As such, the presently undetermined impact of this species may well be focused on estuarine habitats. To quantify the threat posed to intertidal communities by M galloprovincialis, changes in community structure on the rocky shore of Marcus Island and the sandy shore of Langebaan Lagoon were measured. In both habitats, the invasion significantly altered community composition. On Marcus Island the effects were focused within the mid-to-low intertidal zones, where habitat complexity was enhanced and patchiness was decreased, resulting in dramatic changes in invertebrate density, species number, richness and diversity. On sandy shores, M galloprovincialis beds changed available habitat structure, resulting in a concurrent invasion by indigenous rocky shore species. In the sediment below the mussel beds, soft-sediment species were excluded due to anoxia. Following a die-off of the mussel beds the rocky shore species disappeared, but were not replaced by sandy shore organisms as the sediment remained uninhabitable. The subsequent removal of the dead mussel shells appears to have recovered, but community composition is still to return to the preinvasion state. In order to consider the biological viability of a fishery for A1. galloprovincialis in the Northern Cape, a harvesting project operated by two impoverished coastal communities was initiated. Harvesting took place on a rotational basis and twelve sites, nested within four harvesting locations, were each exposed to spectrum of harvesting intensities (F=O, F=30%, F=60% and F=90%). A dynamic biomass-based fisheries model predicted monthly Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) estimates of 1 560 kg per 100 m of shore in March-April and September-October, but two orders of magnitude less (15 kg) during the remaining months. These peaks correspond to spawning periods of this mussel along the South African west coast. Experimental manipulations revealed high recruit densities recorded at low harvesting intensities (2 000 20 000 per 0.01 m exceeding levels required for population maintenance. However, if adult mussel beds are eliminated or significantly reduced (which occurred at F=30% or above), recruitment may limit stock replenishment. Indirect effects on non-target species were also considered. Intertidal communities changed dramatically in response to harvesting, with increased algal dominance and shifts in the distribution of grazers between primary- and secondary-substrates. Community composition did not return to the pre-harvest state after four months of no harvesting, even in areas which were only harvested at an intensity of F=30%. Northern Cape intertidal communities are thus considered to have low resilience and elasticity in response to harvesting of A1. galloprovincialis. It is thus recommended that a harvesting intensity of between 10% and 30% be employed if A1. galloprovincialis stocks in the Northern Cape are to be harvested on a commercial basis. This would protect stock replenishment and minimise effects on intertidal communities. In addition, harvesting should be focused within the two spawning seasons spanning peak MSY estimates so as to maximise yield and aid community recovery between harvests. If implemented, this would represent the first instance in South Africa of a marine invasive species being utilised in a way that employs dynamic fisheries management to achieve socioeconomic goals, while taking into account the effects on other elements of the biotic community.
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Smith, Ross L. "Invasive alien plant species of The Bahamas and biodiversity management." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1275062320.

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Bailey, John Paul. "Cytology and breeding behaviour of giant alien Polygonum species in Britain." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9471.

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An investigation into the cytology and breeding behaviour of the large asiatic Reynoutria species (R. japonica and R.sachalinensis), which were introduced into the British Isles in the last century and are now a significant component of the British Flora. A number of colonies have been examined morphologically and cytologically; hybrids have been identified and artificially re-synthesised in the laboratory. The sex-expression of the Reynoutria taxa has been examined, and has been found to be gynodioecious. R. japonica var. japonica has been found only as male-sterile plants in the British Isles, which has made it particularly susceptible to hybridisation with Fallopia baldschuanica (the commonly grown garden plant Russian Vine). Seed production and viability, and the role of seed production in the colonization of Britain has also been investigated. Chromosome counts and karyotypes have been produced of Reynoutria taxa and of the closely related Fallopia species. 2c DNA amounts have been determined, and Giemsa and fluorescent banding techniques employed. A comprehensive synonomy has been produced, and the relationship between the genera Fallopia and Reynoutria discussed. One conclusion of this research is that the genus Reynoutria should be incorporated into the older genus Fallopia.
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Books on the topic "Alien Species"

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Ympäristöministeriö, Finland. Alien species in Finland. Helsinki: Ministry of the Environment, 2001.

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New, Tim R. Alien Species and Insect Conservation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38774-1.

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Lee, Michelle. Invasive alien species in Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Canadian Wildlife Service, 2004.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Handbook of Alien Species in Europe. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.

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Alien invasion: Invasive species become major menaces. Pleasantville, NY: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2010.

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HERITAGE, SCOTTISH NATURAL, ed. An Audit of Alien Species in Scotland. Perth: Scottish Natural Heritage, 1997.

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Alien invaders: The continuing threat of exotic species. New York: Franklin Watts, 1996.

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Venette, R. C., ed. Pest risk modelling and mapping for invasive alien species. Wallingford: CABI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780643946.0000.

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Kungnip Hwanʼgyŏng Kwahagwŏn (Korea). Saengtʻae Pʻyŏngkakwa., ed. Hanʼguk ŭi chuyo waerae saengmul =: Alien species in Korea. Inchʻŏn Kwangyŏksi: Kungnip Hwanʼgyŏng Kwahagwŏn Chayŏn Saengtʻaepu Saengtʻae Pʻyŏngkakwa, 2008.

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A, McNeely Jeffrey, ed. The great reshuffling: Human dimensions of invasive alien species. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alien Species"

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Peiris, H. O. W., S. Chakraverty, S. S. N. Perera, and S. M. W. Ranwala. "Invasive Alien Plant Species." In Modeling Invasive Alien Plant Species, 1–6. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003193807-1.

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New, Tim R. "Other Alien Invertebrates." In Alien Species and Insect Conservation, 175–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38774-1_7.

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New, Tim R. "Alien Species in Urban Environments." In Insect Conservation and Urban Environments, 87–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21224-1_5.

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González-Duarte, Manuel María, Cesar Megina, Pablo J. López-González, and Bella Galil. "Cnidarian Alien Species in Expansion." In The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future, 139–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_10.

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New, Tim R. "Impacts of Alien Invasive Species." In Mutualisms and Insect Conservation, 153–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58292-4_8.

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Leppäkoski, Erkki, Stephan Gollasch, and Sergej Olenin. "Alien Species in European Waters." In Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6_1.

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New, Tim R. "Countering Impacts of Alien Species." In Alien Species and Insect Conservation, 189–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38774-1_9.

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New, Tim R. "Alien Plants and Insect Conservation." In Alien Species and Insect Conservation, 99–128. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38774-1_5.

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New, Tim R. "Alien Insects and Insect Conservation." In Alien Species and Insect Conservation, 129–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38774-1_6.

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New, Tim R. "Alien Vertebrates and Insect Conservation." In Alien Species and Insect Conservation, 181–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38774-1_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alien Species"

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Polevoi, A. V. "Alien Diptera species in the Fauna of Karelia." In XI Всероссийский диптерологический симпозиум (с международным участием). Санкт-Петербург: Русское энтомологическое общество, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47640/978-5-00105-586-0_2020_198.

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Bonin-Font, Francisco, Miguel Martin Abadal, Eric Guerrrero Font, Antoni Martorell Torres, Bo Miquel Nordtfeldt, Julia Maez Crespo, Fiona Tomas, and Yolanda Gonzalez-Cid. "AUVs for Control of Marine Alien Invasive Species." In OCEANS 2021: San Diego – Porto. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans44145.2021.9705915.

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Yao, Xiao, Bo Wei, and Hui Wei. "Predicting the Habitat for Alien Species based on GIS." In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3339363.3339364.

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Karakaya, Mert, Maurizio Porfiri, and Giovanni Polverino. "Invasive alien species respond to biologically-inspired robotic predators." In Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication X, edited by Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Raúl J. Martín-Palma, and Mato Knez. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2557871.

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Poiré, Thierry. "An alien buried in the snow: Risk assessment of invasive alien species in the Canadian context." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105262.

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Kalaentzis, Konstantinos, Christos Kazilas, Jakovos Demetriou, Evangelos Koutsoukos, Christos Georgiadis, and Dimitrios Avtzis. "Engaging Citizen-Scientists in Mapping Alien Species: Introducing Alientoma, A Dynamic Database for Alien Insects in Greece." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Entomology. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iece-10512.

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Hillström, Lars, Antonio J. Carpio, Jose Guerrero-Casado, Francisco S. Tortosa, Joaquin Vicente, Miguel Delibes-Mateos, and José A. Barasona. "Hunting as a source of alien species: a European review." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107846.

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Ebel, A. L., S. A. Sheremetova, I. A. Khrustaleva, T. O. Strelnikova, S. I. Mikhailova, and T. V. Ebel. "To the study of alien species in the flora of Khakassia." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-49.

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As a result of the field studies, analysis of publications and herbarium materials, it has been established that by now the alien flora of the Republic of Khakassia includes about 140 species of vascular plants. Of this number, more than 30 species are invasive plants included in the “Black Book of Flora of Siberia” (2016). In recent years, there has been both a fairly rapid replenishment of the flora with alien plants and a noticeable dispersal of a number of invasive species across the territory of Khakassia. For the purpose of monitoring alien plant species, we use the capabilities of the international scientific network iNaturalist.org.
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Zhang, Yi, Qiaoling Zhang, and Fei Zhao. "The control of a single-species fish population model with the invasion of alien species." In 2015 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2015.7161853.

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Kitamoto, Asanobu, Miri Nakahara, Izumi Washitani, Taku Kadoya, Masaki Yasuwaka, and Masaru Kitsuregawa. "Information Visualization and Organization for Participatory Monitoring of Invasive Alien Species." In 2009 20th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Application. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dexa.2009.85.

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Reports on the topic "Alien Species"

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Petrova, Antoaneta S. Amaranthus viridis and Euphorbia serpens, New Alien Species Records for the Flora of Bulgaria. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/grabs2018.1.06.

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Petrova, Antoaneta S. AmarantAntoaneta S.hus viridis and Euphorbia serpens, New Alien Species Records for the Flora of Bulgaria. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.01.06.

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Shrestha, B. B., S. Joshi, N. Bisht, S. Yi, R. Kotru, R. P. Chaudhary, and N. Wu. Inventory and Impact Assessment of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape; ICIMOD Working Paper 2018/2. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.724.

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Shrestha, B. B., S. Joshi, N. Bisht, S. Yi, R. Kotru, R. P. Chaudhary, and N. Wu. Inventory and Impact Assessment of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape; ICIMOD Working Paper 2018/2. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.724.

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Murray, Chris, Keith Williams, Norrie Millar, Monty Nero, Amy O'Brien, and Damon Herd. A New Palingenesis. University of Dundee, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001273.

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Robert Duncan Milne (1844-99), from Cupar, Fife, was a pioneering author of science fiction stories, most of which appeared in San Francisco’s Argonaut magazine in the 1880s and ’90s. SF historian Sam Moskowitz credits Milne with being the first full-time SF writer, and his contribution to the genre is arguably greater than anyone else including Stevenson and Conan Doyle, yet it has all but disappeared into oblivion. Milne was fascinated by science. He drew on the work of Scottish physicists and inventors such as James Clark Maxwell and Alexander Graham Bell into the possibilities of electromagnetic forces and new communications media to overcome distances in space and time. Milne wrote about visual time-travelling long before H.G. Wells. He foresaw virtual ‘tele-presencing’, remote surveillance, mobile phones and worldwide satellite communications – not to mention climate change, scientific terrorism and drone warfare, cryogenics and molecular reengineering. Milne also wrote on alien life forms, artificial immortality, identity theft and personality exchange, lost worlds and the rediscovery of extinct species. ‘A New Palingenesis’, originally published in The Argonaut on July 7th 1883, and adapted in this comic, is a secular version of the resurrection myth. Mary Shelley was the first scientiser of the occult to rework the supernatural idea of reanimating the dead through the mysterious powers of electricity in Frankenstein (1818). In Milne’s story, in which Doctor S- dissolves his terminally ill wife’s body in order to bring her back to life in restored health, is a striking, further modernisation of Frankenstein, to reflect late-nineteenth century interest in electromagnetic science and spiritualism. In particular, it is a retelling of Shelley’s narrative strand about Frankenstein’s aborted attempt to shape a female mate for his creature, but also his misogynistic ambition to bypass the sexual principle in reproducing life altogether. By doing so, Milne interfused Shelley’s updating of the Promethean myth with others. ‘A New Palingenesis’ is also a version of Pygmalion and his male-ordered, wish-fulfilling desire to animate his idealised female sculpture, Galatea from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, perhaps giving a positive twist to Orpheus’s attempt to bring his corpse-bride Eurydice back from the underworld as well? With its basis in spiritualist ideas about the soul as a kind of electrical intelligence, detachable from the body but a material entity nonetheless, Doctor S- treats his wife as an ‘intelligent battery’. He is thus able to preserve her personality after death and renew her body simultaneously because that captured electrical intelligence also carries a DNA-like code for rebuilding the individual organism itself from its chemical constituents. The descriptions of the experiment and the body’s gradual re-materialisation are among Milne’s most visually impressive, anticipating the X-raylike anatomisation and reversal of Griffin’s disappearance process in Wells’s The Invisible Man (1897). In the context of the 1880s, it must have been a compelling scientisation of the paranormal, combining highly technical descriptions of the Doctor’s system of electrically linked glass coffins with ghostly imagery. It is both dramatic and highly visual, even cinematic in its descriptions, and is here brought to life in the form of a comic.
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O’Brien, Thomas, and Deanna Matsumoto. Mapping E-Commerce Locally and Beyond: CITT K12 Special Investigation Project. Mineta Transportation Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2067.

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As all aspects of the American workplace become automated or digitally enhanced to some degree, K12 educators have an increasing responsibility to help their students acquire the technical skills necessary to organize and interpret information. Increasingly, this is done through Geographic Information Systems (GIS), especially in careers related to transportation and logistics. The Center for International Trade & Transportation (CITT) at CSU Long Beach has developed this K12 Special Investigation Project to introduce ArcGIS StoryMaps, an engaging, accessible and sophisticated web-based GIS application. The lessons center on e-commerce and its accompanying environmental and economic impact. Still, the activities can be easily adapted to projects in any subject area, such as humanities, science, math, or language arts. This teacher blueprint includes a teacher training guide with ten detailed lesson plans and activities. With the guidance of a National Board-Certified Teacher in Early Adolescence Math as lead instructor, the curriculum is designed to align with Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Also, exploration of STEM and GIS-related careers are incorporated into the lesson plans.
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Guidance for drafting best management practices for invasive alien species. Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21436/inbor.14912489.

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Manual on Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape-Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.637.

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Manual on Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape-Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.637.

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Community Training Manual: Management of Invasive Alien Plant Species in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.657.

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