Journal articles: 'Alice Springs Orogeny'

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Moussavi-Harami, R., and D. I. Gravestock. "BURIAL HISTORY OF THE EASTERN OFFICER BASIN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94019.

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The intracratonic Officer Basin of central Australia was formed during the Neoproterozoic, approximately 820 m.y. ago. The eastern third of the Officer Basin is in South Australia and contains nine unconformity-bounded sequence sets (super-sequences), from Neoproterozoic to Tertiary in age. Burial history is interpreted from a series of diagrams generated from well data in structurally diverse settings. These enable comparison between the stable shelf and co-existing deep troughs. During the Neoproterozoic, subsidence in the north (Munyarai Trough) was much higher than in either the south (Giles area) or northeast (Manya Trough). This subsidence was related to tectonic as well as sediment loading. During the Cambrian, subsidence was much higher in the northeast and was probably due to tectonic and sediment loading (carbonates over siliciclastics). During the Early Ordovician, subsidence in the north created more accommodation space for the last marine transgression from the northeast. The high subsidence rate of Late Devonian rocks in the Munyarai Trough was probably related to rapid deposition of fine-grained siliciclastic sediments prior to the Alice Springs Orogeny. Rates of subsidence were very low during the Early Permian and Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, probably due to sediment loading rather than tectonic sinking. Potential Neoproterozoic source rocks were buried enough to reach initial maturity at the time of the terminal Proterozoic Petermann Ranges Orogeny. Early Cambrian potential source rocks in the Manya Trough were initially mature prior to the Delamerian Orogeny (Middle Cambrian) and fully mature on the Murnaroo Platform at the culmination of the Alice Springs Orogeny (Devonian).

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Roberts, Emily A., and Gregory A. Houseman. "Geodynamics of central Australia during the intraplate Alice Springs Orogeny: thin viscous sheet models." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 184, no. 1 (2001): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.184.01.08.

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Bradshaw, J. D., and P. R. Evans. "PALAEOZOIC TECTONICS, AMADEUS BASIN, CENTRAL AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87021.

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The Amadeus Basin is divided into a number of structural provinces that developed during the Palaeozoic Alice Springs Orogeny, the course of which is described in terms of: Early Palaeozoic preorogenic crustal extension and basin development; Late Ordovician-Carboniferous NE-SW compressional orogenesis; and Late Carboniferous-(?)Early Permian NW-SE compression.The Southern Province is composed largely of Proterozoic formations that had been deformed during the Petermann Ranges Orogeny. The Central Anticlinal Province is a shear zone of four en echelon trends. The Parana Hills and Mereenie trends have a left lateral orientation to each other and formed during the first phase of orogenesis; the Gardiner Range and James Range trends are right lateral and formed during the second stage. Structures in the Northern Province were created by decollement within the evaporite-bearing Bitter Springs Formation and, to a lesser extent, in the Cambrian Chandler Formation, and by collapse of the basin fill under the burden of the Brewer Conglomerate in a style similar to the formation of diapirs along the northern front of the Pyrenees. The MacDonnell Homocline is a mountain front tip line that resembles the Triangle Zone of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The Allambi Thrust Zone separates the Northern Province from the Camel Flat Platform that bears diapiric salt walls derived from the Chandler Formation.The varying stress field and revised time scale for orogeny may be of significance to evaluation of reservoir fracture patterns and source rock maturation curves.

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Gibson, H. J., G. Ambrose, I. R. Duddy, P. R. Tingate, and T. Marshall. "POST–EARLY CARBONIFEROUS THERMAL HISTORY RECONSTRUCTION FROM WELL DATA IN THE AMADEUS BASIN, CENTRAL AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 44, no. 1 (2004): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03013.

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Apatite Fission Track Analysis (AFTA) combined with maturity data has revealed that four (possibly five) cooling events affected the northern margin of the Amadeus Basin since the Early Carboniferous. A consistent regional thermal history framework is developed, with recognition of cooling events beginning in the Carboniferous/Early Permian (between ~360 and 290 Ma), the Early Jurassic (~200 Ma), Late Cretaceous (between ~80 and 70 Ma) and Tertiary (between ~ 25 and 20 Ma). We suggest the first of these reflects uplift and erosion associated with the Alice Springs Orogeny, while Early Jurassic cooling reflects uplift and erosion associated with the Fitzroy Movement. Uplift and erosion in the Late Cretaceous probably relates to the breakup of Australia and Antarctica (opening of the Tasman Sea) at about this time. Later uplift and erosion in the Miocene may reflect Neogene collision of the Australian and SE Asian Plates in the region of the Banda Arc.In Tyler–1 (northern Amadeus Basin), maturation modelling using paleotemperature constraints from AFTA and VR equivalent data suggests the main source rock horizon (Ordovician Horn Valley Siltstone), went through the dry gas window during burial associated with the latter stages of the Alice Springs Orogeny. Basinward (south) of this foreland wedge, the influence of Devonian-Carboniferous loading decreases enabling oil expulsion from the Horn Valley Siltstone to have charged the Mereenie Structure. This was later partially displaced by gas.To date the Neoproterozoic sequences have yielded only dry gas (at Dingo field, Ooraminna–1 and Magee–1) which could be due to original source rock characteristics, but more likely to high maturity levels in the main depocentres. Previous notions that the Ordovician petroleum system was probably only active in the northern portion of the basin appear correct, but gas charged traps at the level of the Neoproterozoic should be ubiquitous.

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BUICK, I. S., A. STORKEY, and I. S. WILLIAMS. "Timing relationships between pegmatite emplacement, metamorphism and deformation during the intra-plate Alice Springs Orogeny, central Australia." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 26, no. 9 (December 2008): 915–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2008.00794.x.

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6

Bache, Francois, Paul Walshe, Juergen Gusterhuber, Sandra Menpes, Mattilda Sheridan, Sergey Vlasov, and Lance Holmes. "Exploration of the south-eastern part of the Frontier Amadeus Basin, Northern Territory, Australia." APPEA Journal 58, no. 1 (2018): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17221.

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The Neoproterozoic to Late Paleozoic-aged Amadeus Basin is a large (~170 000 km2) east–west-trending basin, bounded to the south by the Musgrave Province and to the north by the Arunta Block of the Northern Territory. Commercial oil and gas production is established in the northern part of the basin but the southern part is still a frontier exploration area. Vintage and new seismic reflection data have been used with well data along the south-eastern Amadeus Basin to construct a new structural and depositional model. Three major phases of deformation controlling deposition have been identified. The first phase is characterised by a SW–NE trending structural fabric and is thought to be older than the deposition of the first sediments identified above basement (Heavitree and Bitter Springs formations). The second phase corresponds to the Petermann Orogeny (580–540 Ma) and trends in a NW–SE orientation. The third phase is the Alice Springs Orogeny (450–300 Ma) and is oriented W–E to WNW–ESE in this part of the basin. This tectono-stratigraphic model involving three distinct phases of deformation potentially explains several critical observations: the lack of Heavitree reservoir at Mt Kitty-1, limited salt movements before the Petermann Orogeny (~300 Ma after its deposition) and salt-involved structures that can be either capped by the Petermann Unconformity and overlying Cambrian to Devonian sediments, or can reach the present day surface. Finally, this model, along with availability of good quality seismic data, opens new perspectives for the hydrocarbon exploration of the Amadeus Basin. Each of the tectonic phases impacts the primary petroleum system and underpins play-based exploration.

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Raimondo, Tom, Martin Hand, Chris Clark, Kevin Faure, and Alan S. Collins. "Sources, thermal conditions and mechanisms of fluid ingress during regional rehydration of Alice Springs Orogeny intracratonic shear systems." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 101, no. 1 (April 2009): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2008.11.008.

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8

Ambrose, G. J., P. D. Kruse, and P. E. Putnam. "GEOLOGY AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE SOUTHERN GEORGINA BASIN, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00007.

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The Georgina Basin is an intracratonic basin on the central-northern Australian craton. Its southern portion includes a highly prospective Middle Cambrian petroleum system which remains largely unexplored. A plethora of stratigraphic names plagued previous exploration but the lithostratigraphy has now been rationalised using previously unpublished electric-log correlations and seismic and core data.Neoproterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks of the southern portion of the basin cover an area of 100,000 km2 and thicken into two main depocentres, the Toko and Dulcie Synclines. In and between these depocentres, a Middle Cambrian carbonate succession comprising Thorntonia Limestone and Arthur Creek Formation provides a prospective reservoir-source/seal couplet extending over 80,000 km2. The lower Arthur Creek Formation includes world class microbial source rocks recording total organic carbon (TOC) values of up to 16% and hydrocarbon yields up to 50 kg/tonne. This blanket source/seal unconformably overlies sheetlike, platform dolostone of the Thorntonia Limestone which provides the prime target reservoir. Intra- Arthur Creek high-permeability grainstone shoals are important secondary targets.In the Toko Syncline, Middle Cambrian source rocks entered the oil window during the Ordovician, corresponding to major sediment loading at this time. The gas window was reached prior to structuring associated with the Middle Devonian-Early Carboniferous Alice Springs Orogeny, and source rocks today lie in the dry gas window. In contrast, high-temperature basement granites have resulted in overmaturity of the Arthur Creek Formation in the Dulcie Syncline area. On platform areas adjacent to both these depocentres source rocks reached peak oil generation shortly after the Alice Springs Orogeny; numerous structural leads have been identified in these areas. In addition, an important stratigraphic play occurs in the Late Cambrian Arrinthrunga Formation (Hagen Member) on the southwestern margin of the basin. Key elements of the play are the pinchout of porous oil-stained, vuggy dolostone onto basement where top seal is provided by massive anhydrite while underlying Arthur Creek Formation shale provides a potential source.

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Quentin de Gromard, Raphael. "The significance of E–W structural trends for the Alice Springs Orogeny in the Charters Towers Province, North Queensland." Tectonophysics 587 (March 2013): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.09.002.

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10

Phillips, Bruce J., Alan W. James, and Graeme M. Philip. "THE GEOLOGY AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE NORTH-WESTERN OFFICER BASIN." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84004.

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Recent petroleum exploration in EP 186 and EP 187 in the north-western Officer Basin has greatly increased knowledge of the regional stratigraphy, structure and petroleum prospectivity of the region. This exploration programme has involved the drilling of two deep stratigraphic wells (Dragoon 1 and Hussar 1) and the acquisition of 1438 km of seismic data. Integration of regional gravity and aeromagnetic data with regional seismic and well data reveals that the Gibson Sub-basin primarily contains a Proterozoic evaporitic sequence. In contrast, the Herbert Sub-basin contains a Late Proterozoic to Cambrian clastic and carbonate sequence above the evaporites. This sequence, which was intersected in Hussar 1, is identified as the primary exploration target in the Western Officer Basin. The sequence contains excellent reservoir and seal rocks in association with mature source rocks. Major structuring of the basin has also been caused by compressive movements associated with the Alice Springs Orogeny. The northwestern Officer Basin thus has all of the ingredients for the discovery of commercial hydrocarbons.

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Sasao, Eiji, and Joseph Drake-Brockman. "Egg-Shaped Uraninite Nodules from the Eastern Part of the Arunta Inlier, Central Australia: A Unique Style of Uranium Mineralization Formed During the Alice Springs Orogeny." Gondwana Research 4, no. 4 (October 2001): 771–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70556-6.

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12

Hamilton, P. J., P. J. Eadington, M. Lisk, and N. A. Milne. "FRACTURE FORMATION AND FLUID FLOW IN THE PALM VALLEY GAS FIELD, CENTRAL AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 41, no. 1 (2001): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00008.

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Palaeo-fluid flow in the fracture network in the Palm Valley gas field (Amadeus Basin, central Australia) was investigated using fluid inclusion, isotopic and petrographic methods. The Ordovician Pacoota and Stairway Sandstone reservoir rocks have exceedingly low matrix porosity and permeability and economic gas flow rates, therefore, depend on the fracture network.Pre-fracture cementation of the matrix involved precipitation of pyrite, haematite, chlorite, illite and quartz. However, matrix cementation, as well as the fracture mineralisation, is now dominated by barite, ankerite and quartz. This indicates that subsequent to being fractured, connectivity between matrix porosity and fractures allowed invasion of the host sandstones by mineralising fluids from the fracture network. Fluid inclusion palaeo-temperature analyses indicate temperatures of 90–115°C prevailed at the time of formation of these minerals which was contemporaneous with maximum burial estimated to have occurred during the Alice Springs orogeny at ~340–240 Ma.Aqueous fluids in the sandstones were derived from three sources. Connate waters comprise one source and were parental to pre-fracture diagenetic minerals. The reservoir was accessed by two other fluids via the fracture network. Basinal brines comprise one source, whilst low salinity waters of surface meteoric origin comprise the other. One component of the basinal brine had had prior contact with Precambrian Bitter Springs Formation evaporites whilst another had been in contact with rocks characterised by high barium contents and radiogenic strontium isotope ratios. The total vertical component of fluid flow appears to have been ~7–8 km.Hydrocarbon migration was in part synchronous with fracture development and was accompanied by migration of basinal brines. Liquid hydrocarbons and wet gas migrated during cementation of the fractures. Temperatures continued to rise and dry gas was generated which displaced the wet gas now only observed in fluid inclusions in the mineral cements.

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13

Draper, J. "GEORGINA BASIN—AN EARLY PALAEOZOIC CARBONATE PETROLEUM SYSTEM IN QUEENSLAND." APPEA Journal 47, no. 1 (2007): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj06006.

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Queensland contains a number of carbonate-bearing basins which are under-explored for petroleum, but contain the elements of potentially economic petroleum systems. The oldest such basin is the Neoproterozoic to Ordovician Georgina Basin which straddles the Queensland-Northern Territory border and is traversed by the Ballera to Mount Isa gas pipeline.The basin developed across several major crustal blocks resulting in regional variations in deposition and deformation. Thick Neoproterozoic rocks of the Centralian Superbasin form the base of the sequence in apparently fault-bounded, extensional sub-basins. These rocks are generally tight and source rocks are unknown. The Cambrian to Ordovician rocks have the best petroleum potential with the most prospective part of the basin being the Toko Syncline. The Burke River Structural Belt is less prospective, but is worthy of further exploration. Basin fill consists of Cambrian and Early Ordovician rocks which are dominantly carbonates, with both limestones and dolostones present. In the Early to Middle Ordovician, the rocks became predominantly siliciclastic.The main phase of deformation affecting the Georgina Basin occurred in the Devonian as part of the Alice Springs Orogeny. The Toomba Fault, which forms the western boundary of the asymmetric Toko Syncline, is a thrust fault with up to 6.5 km of uplift. The angle of thrusting is between less than 40 degrees and up to 70 degrees. Rich, marine source rocks of Middle Cambrian age in the Toko Syncline are mature for oil except in the deepest part of the syncline where they are mature for dry gas. The deeper part of the Toko Syncline may be gas saturated.Potential hydrocarbon targets include large folds associated with fault rollovers, stratigraphic traps and faultbounded traps. Vugular, secondary porosity in dolostones offers the best chance for commercial reservoirs within the Ninmaroo and Kelly Creek formations and Thorntonia Limestone. There are also oolitic carbonates which may have good primary porosity, as well as interbedded sandstones in the carbonates with preserved porosity. Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite facies represent potential reservoirs. The dominantly siliciclastic Ordovician sequence is water flushed. Fracture porosity is another possibility (cf. the Palm Valley gas field in the Amadeus Basin). As the deeper part of the Toko Syncline appears to be gas saturated, there may be potential for basin-centred gas. Fine-grained carbonates and shales provide excellent seals. There has not been a valid structural test; although AOD Ethabuka–1 flowed 7,000 m3/d of dry gas, the well was abandoned short of the target depth.

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14

Piazolo, Sandra, Nathan R. Daczko, David Silva, and Tom Raimondo. "Melt-present shear zones enable intracontinental orogenesis." Geology 48, no. 7 (April 13, 2020): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47126.1.

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Abstract Localized rheological weakening is required to initiate and sustain intracontinental orogenesis, but the reasons for weakening remain debated. The intracontinental Alice Springs orogen dominates the lithospheric architecture of central Australia and involved prolonged (450–300 Ma) but episodic mountain building. The mid-crustal core of the orogen is exposed at its eastern margin, where field relationships and microstructures demonstrate that deformation was accommodated in biotite-rich shear zones. Rheological weakening was caused by localized melt-present deformation coupled with melt-induced reaction softening. This interpretation is supported by the coeval and episodic nature of melt-present deformation, igneous activity, and sediment shed from the developing orogen. This study identifies localized melt availability as an important ingredient enabling intracontinental orogenesis.

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Maidment, David W., M. Hand, and Ian S. Williams. "A time frame for protracted multiphase metamorphism, magmatism and deformation in the exhumed core of the Alice Springs Orogen, Harts Range, central Australia." ASEG Extended Abstracts 2006, no. 1 (December 2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aseg2006ab103.

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RAIMONDO, T., C. CLARK, M. HAND, and K. FAURE. "Assessing the geochemical and tectonic impacts of fluid-rock interaction in mid-crustal shear zones: a case study from the intracontinental Alice Springs Orogen, central Australia." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 29, no. 8 (April 26, 2011): 821–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2011.00944.x.

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17

Tatnell, Lucas J., and Michael Anenburg. "Tracing Pb from Nolans Bore thorianite through Alice Springs thorite to radiogenic galena: EPMA and LA-ICP-MS study of time and space." Journal of the Geological Society, July 22, 2022, jgs2021–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-132.

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The Pb isotope composition of crustal rocks often varies in its proportions of radiogenic Pb, formed by the decay of Th and U. In most cases, it is impossible to trace this radiogenic Pb from its source through dilution to a reservoir dominated by common Pb. Nolans Bore is a Th-rich REE ore deposit in the Northern Territory, Australia, in which this progression is recorded in various minerals. We show 208Pb/204Pb ratios greater than 100000 in thorianite and 10000 in thorite, with subsequent dilution by common Pb recorded by stetindite and ekanite (208Pb/204Pb ≈ 600–800) and, relative to common Pb, a strongly radiogenic signal contained in late-stage zeolite veins (208Pb/204Pb = 40–80). Pyrite intimately associated with thorite inherits a highly radiogenic 208Pb/204Pb ratio of ∼2000, and nearby galena crystallized during a regional fluid flow event (Alice Springs Orogeny) is likewise radiogenic at 208Pb/204Pb = 100–120. Microbeam chemical dating of primary thorianite records the magmatic formation of Nolans Bore at 1521 ± 54 Ma (2σ), and secondary thorite records the Alice Springs Orogeny at 359 ± 10 Ma (2σ).Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6086210

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Nixon, Angus L., Stijn Glorie, Alan S. Collins, Jo A. Whelan, Barry L. Reno, Martin Danišík, Benjamin P. Wade, and Geoff Fraser. "Footprints of the Alice Springs Orogeny preserved in far northern Australia: An application of multi-kinetic thermochronology in the Pine Creek Orogen and Arnhem Province." Journal of the Geological Society, November 17, 2020, jgs2020–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-173.

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The Precambrian Pine Creek Orogen and Arnhem Province represent two of the oldest basement terrains in northern Australia and are often considered to be devoid of significant regional deformation since the cessation of regional metamorphism in the Paleoproterozoic. A major caveat in the current hypothesis of long lived structural inactivity is the absence of published low-temperature thermochronological data and thermal history models for this area. Here we report the first apatite fission track and (U–Th–Sm)/He data for crystalline samples from both the Pine Creek Orogen and Arnhem Province, complemented with apatite geochemistry data acquired by electron microprobe and laser ablation mass spectrometry methods, and present multi-kinetic low-temperature thermal history models. The thermal history models for the Pine Creek Orogen and Arnhem Province reveal a distinct phase of denudation coeval with the Paleozoic Alice Springs Orogeny. By integrating with previous studies, we suggest that this event deformed a larger area of the Australian crust than previously perceived. Localised Mesozoic thermal perturbations proximal to the Pine Creek Shear-Zone additionally record evidence for Mesozoic reheating contemporaneous with mantle induced subsidence and the onset of sedimentation in the Money Shoal Basin, while the Arnhem Province samples demonstrate no evidence of Mesozoic thermal perturbations.Supplementary material: EPMA protocol comparison, AFT plots and modelling, additional geochemistry, datasets and instrumentation parameters are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5206664

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19

Holford, Simon P., Paul F. Green, Ian R. Duddy, Richard R. Hillis, Steven M. Hill, and Martyn S. Stoker. "Preservation of late Paleozoic glacial rock surfaces by burial prior to Cenozoic exhumation, Fleurieu Peninsula, Southeastern Australia." Journal of the Geological Society, June 21, 2021, jgs2020–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-250.

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The antiquity of the Australian landscape has long been the subject of debate, with some studies inferring extraordinary longevity (>108 myr) for some subaerial landforms dating back to the early Paleozoic. A number of early Permian glacial erosion surfaces in the Fleurieu Peninsula, southeastern Australia, provide an opportunity to test the notion of long-term subaerial emergence, and thus tectonic and geomorphic stability, of parts of the Australian continent. Here we present results of apatite fission track analysis (AFTA) applied to a suite of samples collected from localities where glacial erosion features of early Permian age are developed. Our synthesis of AFTA results with geological data reveals four cooling episodes (C1-4), which are interpreted to represent distinct stages of exhumation. These episodes occurred during the Ediacaran to Ordovician (C1), mid-Carboniferous (C2), Permian to mid-Triassic (C3) and Eocene to Oligocene (C4).The interpretation of AFTA results indicates that the Neoproterozoic−Lower Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks and granitic intrusions upon which the glacial rock surfaces generally occur were exhumed to the surface by the latest Carboniferous−earliest Permian during episodes C2 and/or C3, possibly as a far-field response to the intraplate Alice Springs Orogeny. The resulting landscapes were sculpted by glacial erosive processes. Our interpretation of AFTA results suggests that the erosion surfaces and overlying Permian sedimentary rocks were subsequently heated to between c. 60 and 80°C, which we interpret as recording burial by a sedimentary cover comprising Permian and younger strata, roughly 1 km in thickness. This interpretation is consistent with existing thermochronological datasets from this region, and also with palynological and geochronological datasets from sediments in offshore Mesozoic−Cenozoic-age basins along the southern Australian margin that indicate substantial recycling of Permian−Cretaceous sediments. We propose that the exhumation which led to the contemporary exposure of the glacial erosion features began during the Eocene to Oligocene (episode C4), during the initial stages of intraplate deformation that has shaped the Mt Lofty and Flinders Ranges in South Australia. Our findings are consistent with several recent studies, which suggest that burial and exhumation have played a key role in the preservation and contemporary re-exposure of Gondwanan geomorphic features in the Australian landscape.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Alice Springs Orogeny'

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