Journal articles: 'ALIC'

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MPhil, Pranav Nanda, Garrett P. Banks, Justin Oh, Yagna Pathak, and Sameer A. Sheth. "146 Prefrontal Cortical Connectivity-Based Segmentation of the Anterior Limb of the Internal Capsule: Implications for Stereotactic Targeting for Refractory OCD." Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (August 24, 2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.146.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Although most patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are well controlled with pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy, 10–20% remain severe and refractory. Stereotactic targeting of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) has been used for decades to treat these patients. However, there is uncertainty about optimal targeting within the ALIC, as different locations appear to have variable efficacy. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we segmented the ALIC based on prefrontal connectivity to evaluate the effect of various stereotactic targets. METHODS ALIC segmentations based on frontal Brodmann area (BA) connectivity were generated and combined for 40 subjects from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) using connectivity-based seed classification. Literature review revealed five stereotactic targets within the ALIC. Targets were modeled as 5 mm spheres and were evaluated for overlap with various DTI-defined ALIC segments. Deterministic tractography was performed on an 842-subject HCP DTI template using modeled targets as seeds to identify involved connectomic networks. RESULTS >All 40 ALIC segmentations exhibited a dorsal-ventral axis of organization. On average, the combined segmentation was accurate for 66.2% of individuals. The region assigned to BA11 (orbitofrontal cortex, OFC) exhibited the greatest consistency across individuals, with 12.1% being consistently assigned in all 40 subjects. According to the segmentation, a mean of 63.9% of modeled lesion volume within the ALIC intersected with the BA11 region. All five modeled targets exhibited connectivity to OFC in the 842-subject HCP template. CONCLUSION These results clarify the organization and variability of the ALIC. This variability suggests that patients may benefit from pre-operative tractography for individualized targeting, although current stereotactic targets tend to involve the most consistent ALIC subregions. These findings also suggest that stereotactic targeting for OCD likely involves modulation of prefrontal-subcortical tracts connecting the OFC, which bears relevance to the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) model of OCD pathophysiology.

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Gainor, Christopher. "Response to Alic." Technology and Culture 55, no. 1 (2014): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2014.0032.

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Brown, W. L. "The Alic Plan." Australian Library Journal 35, no. 1 (January 1986): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.1986.10755535.

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Johnson, L. G., K. G. Dickman, K. L. Moore, L. J. Mandel, and R. C. Boucher. "Enhanced Na+ transport in an air-liquid interface culture system." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 264, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): L560—L565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1993.264.6.l560.

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Use of the air-liquid interface culture technique has produced improved morphological differentiation of rodent, canine, and human tracheal epithelia. We have investigated the effect of this culture technique on ion transport activities of cultured canine bronchial epithelia. These cells were isolated from excised airways by enzymatic digestion and plated on permeable collagen membrane substrates. All cultures were maintained utilizing standard culture techniques, by bathing both apical and basolateral sides with hormone supplemented, serum-free media until confluent (days 4–6). Half of the cultures were converted to air-liquid interface cultures (ALIC) by gentle aspiration of the apical medium and half were continued under standard technique culture (STC) conditions. After three additional days, preparations cultured under both conditions were mounted in modified Ussing chambers where bioelectric properties were measured under short-circuit conditions. Mean short-circuit current (Isc) was significantly greater in ALIC (-91.3 +/- 7.84 microA/cm2) than in STC (-54.8 +/- 5.03 microA/cm2). The sodium channel blocker, amiloride, reduced Isc by 68.4 +/- 5.0% in STC and by 84.8 +/- 3.0% in ALIC. 22Na and 36Cl fluxes confirmed the presence of enhanced sodium absorption in ALIC when compared with STC. The depth of the apical fluid, measured by microelectrodes during ALIC, was approximately 15 microns. Studies of cellular metabolism demonstrated a shift in metabolism from an anaerobic to an oxidative pattern in ALIC. This change in the pattern of metabolism suggests that the ALIC technique enhanced sodium transport in canine bronchial epithelia by increasing oxygen delivery to the epithelium.

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Zhang, Chencheng, Seung-Goo Kim, Jun Li, Yingying Zhang, Qiming Lv, Kristina Zeljic, Hengfen Gong, et al. "1 Large-scale tractography of the anterior limb of the internal capsule: predictors of capsulotomy outcomes in obsessive compulsive disorder." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 8 (July 20, 2020): e8.2-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.19.

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Objectives/AimsSurgical procedures targeting the anterior limb of the internal capsule (aLIC) can be effective in medically refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aLIC consists of white-matter tracts connecting cortical and subcortical structures. Here we assess how specific aLIC tracts are affected in OCD and which tracts predicts improvement post-capsulotomy.MethodsLarge-scale diffusion imaging was used to compare detailed white- matter connectivity via aLIC between OCD patients (n=100) and healthy controls (n=88). For each individual, the fractional anisotropy and tract counts were calculated for each white-matterfiber bundle connecting a functionally defined prefrontal and subcortical region. Correlations between tractography measures and pre- and post- capsulotomy clinical outcomes (in obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and depression scores 6 months after surgery) were assessed in 41 OCD patients. We focused on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsal cingulate, regions implicated in prediction of capsulotomy and stimulation outcomes.ResultsHierarchical clustering dendograms show an aLIC organization clustering lateral and dissociating ventral and dorsal prefrontal-thalamic tracts highly relevant to targeting. OCD patients had lower aLIC fractional anisotropy across prefrontal cortical-subcortical regions compared to healthy controls (p=0.023, FDR-adjusted). Greater fractional anisotropy and tract counts of the dorsolateral prefrontal-thalamic and -subthalamic tracts in OCD patients predicted greater post-capsulotomy obsessive-compulsive improvements. In contrast, greater counts of the dorsal cingulate-thalamic tracts predicted surgical outcome mediated by depressive and anxiety improvements.ConclusionsThese findings shed light on the critical role of the aLIC in OCD and potentially leads towards precision targeting to optimize outcomes as a function of symptom dimension in OCD.

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Zhang, Chencheng, Seung-Goo Kim, Jun Li, Yingying Zhang, Qiming Lv, Kristina Zeljic, Hengfen Gong, et al. "Anterior limb of the internal capsule tractography: relationship with capsulotomy outcomes in obsessive-compulsive disorder." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 92, no. 6 (January 18, 2021): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323062.

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ObjectivesSurgical procedures targeting the anterior limb of the internal capsule (aLIC) can be effective in patients with selected treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aLIC consists of white-matter tracts connecting cortical and subcortical structures and show a topographical organisation. Here we assess how aLIC streamlines are affected in OCD compared with healthy controls (HCs) and which streamlines are related with post-capsulotomy improvement.MethodsDiffusion-weighted MRI was used to compare white-matter microstructure via the aLIC between patients with OCD (n=100, 40 women, mean of age 31.8 years) and HCs (n=88, 39 women, mean of age 29.6 years). For each individual, the fractional anisotropy (FA) and streamline counts were calculated for each white-matter fibre bundle connecting a functionally defined prefrontal and subcortical region. Correlations between tractography measures and pre-capsulotomy and post-capsulotomy clinical outcomes (in obsessive-compulsive, anxiety and depression scores 6 months after surgery) were assessed in 41 patients with OCD.ResultsHierarchical clustering dendrograms show an aLIC organisation clustering lateral and dissociating ventral and dorsal prefrontal–thalamic streamlines, findings highly relevant to surgical targeting. Compared with HCs, patients with OCD had lower aLIC FA across multiple prefrontal cortical–subcortical regions (p<0.0073, false discovery rate-adjusted). Greater streamline counts of the dorsolateral prefrontal–thalamic tracts in patients with OCD predicted greater post-capsulotomy obsessive-compulsive improvement (p=0.016). In contrast, greater counts of the dorsal cingulate–thalamic streamlines predicted surgical outcomes mediated by depressive and anxiety improvements.ConclusionsThese findings shed light on the critical role of the aLIC in OCD and may potentially contribute towards precision targeting to optimise outcomes in OCD.

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Adjadeh, T. A., G. N. Dowuona, E. K. Nartey, and R. Kondo. "Disappearance of Alic Melanudands and Alic Fulvudands in the Kitakami Mountains, Northeastern Japan." Soil Horizons 50, no. 2 (2009): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh2009.2.0047.

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Young, Renee L. "Response to Mr. Mihailo Alic." American Journal of Gastroenterology 94, no. 8 (August 1999): 2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.2316a.x.

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Ryan, Lawrie. "Alic, or Little by Little." Australian Library Journal 35, no. 3 (January 1986): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.1986.10755549.

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Huys, Daniel, Sina Kohl, Juan Carlos Baldermann, Lars Timmermann, Volker Sturm, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, and Jens Kuhn. "Open-label trial of anterior limb of internal capsule–nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: insights gained." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 7 (February 15, 2019): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318996.

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BackgroundFor more than 15 years, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has served as a last-resort treatment for severe treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsFrom 2010 to 2016, 20 patients with OCD (10 men/10 women) were included in a single-centre trial with a naturalistic open-label design over 1 year to evaluate the effects of DBS in the anterior limb of the internal capsule and nucleus accumbens region (ALIC-NAcc) on OCD symptoms, executive functions, and personality traits.ResultsALIC-NAcc-DBS significantly decreased OCD symptoms (mean Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale reduction 33%, 40% full responders) and improves global functioning without loss of efficacy over 1 year. No significant changes were found in depressive or anxiety symptoms. Our study did not show any effect of ALIC-NAcc-DBS on personality traits or executive functions, and no potential outcome predictors were identified in a post hoc analysis. Other than several individual minor adverse events, ALIC-NAcc-DBS has been shown to be safe, but 35% of patients reported a sudden increase in anxiety and anhedonia after acute cessation of stimulation.ConclusionsWe conclude that ALIC-NAcc-DBS is a well-tolerated and promising last-resort treatment option for OCD. The cause of variability in the outcome remains unclear, and the aspect of reversibility must be examined critically. The present data from one of the largest samples of patients with OCD treated with DBS thus far support the results of previous studies with smaller samples.

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Avecillas-Chasin, Josue M., Trevor A. Hurwitz, Nicholas M. Bogod, and Christopher R. Honey. "Tractography-Guided Anterior Capsulotomy for Major Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Targeting the Emotion Network." Operative Neurosurgery 20, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opaa420.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Bilateral anterior capsulotomy (BAC) is an effective surgical option for patients with treatment-resistant major depression (TRMD) and treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TROCD). The size of the lesion and its precise dorsal-ventral location within the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) remain undefined. OBJECTIVE To present a method to identify the trajectories of the associative and limbic white matter pathways within the ALIC for targeting in BAC surgery. METHODS Using high-definition tractography, we prospectively tested the feasibility of this method in 2 patients with TRMD and TROCD to tailor the capsulotomy lesion to their limbic pathway. RESULTS The trajectories of the associative and limbic pathways were identified in the ALIC of both patients and we targeted the limbic pathways by defining the dorsal limit of the lesion in a way to minimize the damage to the associative pathways. The final lesions were smaller than those that have been previously published. This individualized procedure was associated with long-term benefit in both patients. CONCLUSION Tractography-guided capsulotomy is feasible and was associated with long-term benefit in patients with TRMD and TROCD.

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Liu, Hui, Rongcai Zhao, Qi Wang, and Yingying Li. "ALIC: A Low Overhead Compiler Optimization Prediction Model." Wireless Personal Communications 103, no. 1 (February 9, 2018): 809–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5479-x.

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Zhang, Piqiang, Hong Liu, Xuemei Sun, and Hongjuan Li. "The Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging According to Tensor Registration Algorithm in the Treatment of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3424.

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This research aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based on tensor image registration algorithm for hypoxia-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In this study, 90 newborns diagnosed with HIE who were admitted to our hospital from October 30, 2016 to January 30, 2019 were selected as experimental group (EG) and were divided into mild group (EG 1), moderate group (EG 2), and severe group (EG 3). In addition, 45 normal newborns of the same period were selected as the control group (CG). All subjects underwent DTI, which was processed by image registration algorithm, and the regions of interest (ROIs) were manually selected, including anterior limb of internal capsule (ALIC), posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), frontal white matter (FWM), centrum semiovale, corpus callosum (CC), and lenticular nucleus. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values for each ROI were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) of each ROI in diagnosing HIE. The results showed that the images processed by the registration algorithm were clearer than the original images, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was increased, and the artifact was decreased, so that the lesions of newborns with HIE could be clearly observed. FA values in some ROIs in EG were significantly lower than those in CG (P < 0.05). FA values of all ROIs in the EG 3 were significantly lower than those in the EG 1 and the EG 2, with significant differences (P < 0.05). The FA values of the ALIC, the PLIC, and the centrum semiovale in the EG 2 were significantly lower than those in the EG 1, with significant differences (P < 0.05). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC area of the ALIC were higher, that is, 87.6%, 87.7%, 89.6%, and 0.879, respectively, indicating that with the aggravation of the condition of HIE, the morphological damage of the white matter fiber bundle became more serious and the FA value decreased. Therefore, DTI imaging is safe and feasible in the diagnosis of HIT lesions, especially with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in the ALIC and FWM.

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Kimmerle, Klaus, and Egbert Schippert. "Thermodynamic characterisation of adsorptive gas/adsorbent systems using the ALIc-model." Adsorption 19, no. 6 (March 10, 2013): 1093–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10450-013-9520-9.

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Dahlgren, R. A., F. C. Ugolini, S. Shoji, T. Ito, and R. S. Sletten. "Soil-Forming Processes in Alic Melanudands under Japanese Pampas Grass and Oak." Soil Science Society of America Journal 55, no. 4 (July 1991): 1049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500040027x.

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Terry, Douglas P., Catherine M. Mewborn, and L. Stephen Miller. "Repeated Sport-Related Concussion Shows Only Minimal White Matter Differences Many Years After Playing High School Football." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 09 (August 6, 2019): 950–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719000754.

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AbstractObjective: Multiple concussions sustained in youth sport may be associated with later-life brain changes and worse cognitive outcomes. We examined the association between two or more concussions during high school football and later-life white matter (WM) microstructure (i.e., 22–47 years following football retirement) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Method: Forty former high school football players aged 40–65 who received 2+ concussions during high school football (N = 20), or denied concussive events (N = 20) were recruited. Participants underwent neurocognitive testing and DTI scanning. Results: Groups did not statistically differ on age, education, or estimated pre-morbid intelligence. Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) correcting for Family-Wise Error (FWE)(p < .05) did not yield differences between groups at the whole-brain level. Region of interest analyses showed higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) in the concussed group compared to the non-concussed former players. More liberal analyses (i.e., p < .001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons, ≥8 voxels) also revealed that former players endorsing 2+ concussions had higher MD in the ALIC. Analyses that covaried for age did not reveal differences at either threshold. Concussive histories were not associated with worse cognitive functioning, nor did it impact the relationship between neuropsychological scores and DTI metrics. Discussion: Results suggest only minimal neuroanatomical brain differences in former athletes many years following original concussive injuries compared to controls.

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Wagner, G., F. De la Cruz, D. Güllmar, C. C. Schultz, K. Koch, and K. J. Bär. "Fronto-thalamic dysconnectivity and cognitive control in schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.865.

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IntroductionSeveral lines of evidence suggest that cognitive deficits represent a core feature of schizophrenia.ObjectivesThe concept of “cognitive dysmetria” has been introduced to characterize disintegration at the system level of frontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuitry which has been regarded as a key network for a wide range of neuropsychological symptoms in schizophrenia.AimsThe present multimodal study aimed at investigating effective and structural connectivity of the frontal-thalamic circuitry in schizophrenia.MethodsUnivariate fMRI data analysis and effective connectivity analysis using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) were combined to examine cognitive control processes in 40 patients with schizophrenia and 40 matched healthy controls. BOLD signal and parameters of effective connectivity were related to parameters of corresponding white matter integrity assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).ResultsIn the DTI analysis, significantly decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) was detected in patients in the right anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), the right thalamus and the right corpus callosum. During Stroop task performance patients demonstrated significantly lower activation relative to healthy controls in a predominantly right lateralized frontal-thalamic-cerebellar network. An abnormal effective connectivity was observed in the right lateralized connections between thalamus, anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. FA in the right ALIC was significantly correlated with the fronto-thalamic BOLD signal, effective connectivity and cognitive performance in patients.ConclusionsPresent data provide evidence for the notion of a structural and functional defect in the prefrontal-thalamic-cerebellar circuitry, which seems to be the basis of the cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Santos, Bruno Fernandes de Oliveira, Alessandra Gorgulho, Crystian W. C. Saraiva, Antonio Carlos Lopes, João Gabriel Ribeiro Gomes, Anderson M. Pássaro, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Eurípedes C. Miguel, and Antonio A. F. De Salles. "Understanding gamma ventral capsulotomy: Potential implications of diffusion tensor image tractography on target selectivity." Surgical Neurology International 10 (July 5, 2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni-65-2019.

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Background: The role of tractography in gamma ventral capsulotomy (GVC) planning is still unclear. This paper aims to describe the spatial distribution of medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and lateral OFC fibers passing through the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) and analyze quantitative tractography parameters that differentiate obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) individuals from other neurosurgery functional patients (morbid obesity and Parkinson’s disease [PD]). Methods: Twenty patients undergoing functional stereotactic procedures, between 2013 and 2016, were included in this study. OCD patients underwent GVC (single shot 150 Gy and 4-mm collimators). PD and morbid obesity patients were submitted to deep brain stimulation implants. Diffusion tensor image tractography was reconstructed using Brainlab Elements software (Brainlab AG, Munich, Germany). Results: Nine PD, six morbid obesity, and five OCD patients were included with a mean age of 65.4 ± 9.1, 41.0 ± 8.2, and 31.2 ± 5.5, respectively, which are statistically different from each other (P < 0.001). Fourteen patients (70%) were men. A total of 40 cerebral hemispheres were analyzed. Medial OFC fibers are localized more inferior in the ALIC than the lateral OFC fibers in all hemispheres, but the level of intersection and exact topography of fiber bundles are variable among individuals. Both medial and lateral OFC fiber tracts of PD and morbid obesity patients have lower volume than, respectively, medial and lateral counterparts of OCD patients (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Medial and lateral OFC tract fibers have a general standard distribution in the anterior internal capsule (lateral OFC higher than medial OFC fibers). There are differences between obesity, Parkinson, and OCD patients regarding fiber tract statistics.

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Qu, Liang, Shunnan Ge, Nan Li, Wei Wang, Kaijun Yang, Ping Wu, Xuelian Wang, and Jie Shi. "Clinical evaluation of deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens/anterior limb of internal capsule for opioid relapse prevention: protocol of a multicentre, prospective and double-blinded study." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e023516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023516.

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IntroductionDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a new potential surgical treatment for opioid dependence. However, the implement of DBS treatment in addicted patients is currently controversial due to the significant associated risks. The aim of this study was mainly to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of bilateral DBS of nucleus accumbens and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (NAc/ALIC-DBS) in patients with refractory opioid dependence (ROD).Methods and analysis60 patients with ROD will be enrolled in this multicentre, prospective, double-blinded study, and will be followed up for 25 weeks (6 months) after surgery. Patients with ROD (semisynthetic opioids) who meet the criteria for NAc/ALIC-DBS surgery will be allocated to either the early stimulation group or the late stimulation group (control group) based on the randomised ID number. The primary outcome was defined as the abstinence rate at 25 weeks after DBS stimulation on, which will be confirmed by an opiate urine tests. The secondary outcomes include changes in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for craving for opioid drugs, body weight, as well as psychological evaluation measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence assessment, social disability screening schedule, the Activity of Daily Living Scale, the 36-item Short Form-Health Survey and safety profiles of both groups.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approval from the medical ethical committee of Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03424616; Pre-results.

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Friedman, Sheldon. "New Rules for a New Economy: Stephen A. Herzenberg, John A. Alic, and Howard Wial." WorkingUSA 2, no. 6 (March 4, 1999): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-4580.1999.tb00137.x.

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Silva, George Rodrigues da, Ismael de Jesus Matos Viégas, Mário Lopes da Silva Júnior, Marcos André Piedade Gama, Ricardo Shigueru Okumura, Dilson Augusto Capucho Frazão, Gilson Sérgio Bastos de Matos, João Cardoso de Souza Júnior, Eduardo do Valle Lima, and Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão. "Growth and mineral nutrition of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seedlings subjected to lime in Yellow Alic Latosol." Australian Journal of Crop Science 11, no. 10 (October 20, 2017): 1297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.17.11.10.pne599.

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Miller, Jane A. "Hypatia's Heritage: A History of Women in Science from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century. Margaret Alic." Isis 78, no. 1 (March 1987): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/354343.

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Schwabe, Kerstin, Mesbah Alam, Assel Saryyeva, Götz Lütjens, Hans E. Heissler, Lotta Winter, Ivo Heitland, Joachim K. Krauss, and Kai G. Kahl. "Oscillatory activity in the BNST/ALIC and the frontal cortex in OCD: acute effects of DBS." Journal of Neural Transmission 128, no. 2 (February 2021): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-020-02297-6.

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Price Grieve, Gregory. "Forging Mandalic Space: Bhaktapur, Nepal's Cow Procession and the Improvisation of Tradition." Numen 51, no. 4 (2004): 468–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568527042500113.

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AbstractIn 1995, as part of Bhaktapur, Nepal's Cow Procession, the new suburban neighborhood of Suryavinayak celebrated a "forged" goat sacrifice. Forged religious practices seem enigmatic if one assumes that traditional practice consists only of the blind imitation of timeless structure. Yet, the sacrifice was not mechanical repetition; it could not be, because it was the first and only time it was celebrated. Rather, the religious performance was a conscious manipulation of available "traditional" cultural logics that were strategically utilized during the Cow Procession's loose carnivalesque atmosphere to solve a contemporary problem — what can one do when one lives beyond the borders of religiously organized cities such as Bhaktapur? This paper argues that the "forged" sacrifice was a means for this new neighborhood to operate together and improvise new man. d. alic space beyond the city's traditional cultic territory.

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Murakami Junior, Mario Minor, Fabio Luiz Franceschi Godinho, Paula Ricci Arantes, Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo, Rubens Gisbert Cury, Antonio Carlos Lopes, and Ricardo Ferrareto Iglesio. "The role of diffusion tensor imaging and tractography for deep brain stimulation planning in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder." Revista de Medicina 98, Suppl (October 9, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v98isupplp13-13.

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Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic and long-lasting mental disorder. The current first-line therapy for OCD is high doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy. For patients with refractory symptoms, studies demonstrated that they may respond well to Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), a technique that can modulate altered neuronal activity. Some stimulation sites are currently being used as targets to DBS and showed good response, but further analyses are necessary to improve the location of the electrodes since some patients demonstrated a poor outcome. Neuroimaging that assess white matter such as diffusion tensor image and tractography can evaluate the quality of the targets and assess the tracts that are affected by the electric field of the electrodes used in the surgery. Our hypothesis is that the patient outcome depends on the trajectory of the tracts that are affected by the electric field.Objectives: Our aim is to investigate which tracts connected with the stimulation sites contribute to clinical improvement effects and weather is possible to predict the outcomes based on connectivity.Methodology: We analyzed 4 patients (2 female) with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder undergoing deep brain stimulation targeting the anterior limb of the internal capsule/ nucleus accumbens (ALIC). We will perform tractography analysis of the fibers using the volume of active tissue (VTA) as the region of interest. We will relate the alteration in OCD symptom severity on Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) between the condition before surgery and one-year follow-up with the tracts involved with the stimulation sites using DTI data such as fractal anisotropy and mean diffusivity.Partial Results: Half of the patients did show great improvement and the other two maintained a bad outcome. We found that active stimulation of the ALIC more lateral and posterior of the nucleus was associated with a better outcome. Currently, the description of the tracts involved in patients with better outcomes is performed. The tracts involved with this result will be determined by analysis of DTI and tractography.Discussion and Conclusion: For a future perspective, the results will be important to improve the stimulation sites in DBS surgery resulting in better outcomes.

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El-said, Shaimaa A., Khalid F. A. Hussein, and Mohamed M. Fouad. "Image Compression Technique for Low Bit Rate Transmission." International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing 1, no. 4 (October 2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2011100101.

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A novel Adaptive Lossy Image Compression (ALIC) technique is proposed to achieve high compression ratio by reducing the number of source symbols through the application of an efficient technique. The proposed algorithm is based on processing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) of the image to extract the highest energy coefficients in addition to applying one of the novel quantization schemes proposed in the present work. This method is straightforward and simple. It does not need complicated calculation; therefore the hardware implementation is easy to attach. Experimental comparisons are carried out to compare the performance of the proposed technique with those of other standard techniques such as the JPEG. The experimental results show that the proposed compression technique achieves high compression ratio with higher peak signal to noise ratio than that of JPEG at low bit rate without the visual degradation that appears in case of JPEG.

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Oliveira, Aline Pacobahyba de, João Carlos Ker, Ivo Ribeiro da Silva, Maurício Paulo Ferreira Fontes, Alessandra Pacobahyba de Oliveira, and Alan Tadeu Goyatá Neves. "Spodosols pedogenesis under barreiras formation and sandbank environments in the south of Bahia." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 3 (June 2010): 847–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000300026.

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Morphologically differentiated Spodosols usually occur in the Coastal Plain of the South of Bahia and North of Espírito Santo. They are found in profiles known as "muçungas", i.e. sandy soils that accumulate water. In these areas, two kinds of Spodosols, different from those in the Restinga area, can be found: Spodosols with E albic horizon (white muçunungas) and without this horizon (black muçunungas). Eight soil profiles with spodic characteristics were collected and described in order to evaluate differences in the formation process of Barreiras and Restinga Spodosols in the South of Bahia. The soil profiles were also characterized chemically, physically and mineralogically. Additionally, texture and chemical analysis, Fe and Al extraction by sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DBC), acid ammonium oxalate and sodium pyrophosphate, ammonium oxalate extract optic density (DOox), sulphuric acid attack, and X ray difractometry of the clay fraction were performed. In the Spodosols of the Barreiras area, fragipan was found the spodic layers. Cemented B spodic horizon were observed in the white muçunungas, and granular structure and dark color from the surface in the black muçunungas. There was no fragipan or hard spodic horizon in the Restinga Spodosol. This soil is acid, dystrophic and alic, with sandy texture and high clay percentages in the spodic horizons. The CEC, based on H + Al, is predominantly represented by the organic matter. The most representative components of the mineral phase of the clay fraction are kaolinite and possibly vermiculite traces with interlayered hydroxy. Chemical, physical, morphological and mineralogical differences were observed between the Barreiras and Restinga environments. The black and white muçunungas differ in morphologic and chemical properties only.

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Kerr, A. R., P. V. Adrian, S. Estevão, R. de Groot, G. Alloing, J. P. Claverys, T. J. Mitchell, and P. W. M. Hermans. "The Ami-AliA/AliB Permease of Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Involved in Nasopharyngeal Colonization but Not in Invasive Disease." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 7 (July 2004): 3902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.7.3902-3906.2004.

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ABSTRACT The Ami-AliA/AliB oligopeptide permease is an ATP-binding cassette transporter which is found in Streptococcus pneumoniae and which is involved in nutrient uptake. We investigated the role of the three paralogous oligopeptide-binding lipoproteins AmiA, AliA, and AliB by using murine models of pneumococcal colonization and invasive disease. A series of mutants lacking aliA, aliB, and amiA either alone or in combination as double or triple mutations were used. Inoculation of the nasopharynx with a mixture of the obl (oligopeptide-binding lipoprotein-negative) triple-mutant and wild-type (D39) bacteria resulted in significantly smaller numbers of obl bacteria colonizing the nasopharynx. The use of a mixture of individual mutants and wild-type pneumococci revealed that AmiA, AliA, and AliB were all required for successful colonization of the nasopharynx. The obl mutant was more attenuated than the aliB mutant but not the aliA or amiA mutant. Therefore, there is some redundancy in the Ami-AliA/AliB complex in terms of nasopharyngeal colonization, with AliA and AmiA being able to compensate for the removal of AliB. Animals with invasive disease caused by these mutants had survival times, bacterial loads, and inflammatory cytokine production levels similar to those of animals infected with wild-type pneumococci. Our results show that although the Ami-AliA/AliB complex is not required for virulence during pneumococcal pneumonia, it does play a role in colonization of the nasopharynx.

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Prows, Daniel R., Mark J. Daly, Howard G. Shertzer, and George D. Leikauf. "Ozone-induced acute lung injury: genetic analysis of F2 mice generated from A/J and C57BL/6J strains." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 277, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): L372—L380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.2.l372.

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Acute lung injury (or acute respiratory distress syndrome) is a devastating and often lethal condition. This complex disease (trait) may be associated with numerous candidate genes. To discern the major gene(s) controlling mortality from acute lung injury, two inbred mouse strains displaying contrasting survival times to 10 parts/million ozone were identified. A/J (A) mice were sensitive [6.6 ± 1 (SE) h] and C57BL/6J (B) were resistant (20.6 ± 1 h). The designation for these phenotypes was 13 h, a point that clearly separated their survival time distributions. Our prior segregation studies suggested that survival time to ozone-induced acute lung injury was a quantitative trait, and genetic analysis identified three linked loci [acute lung injury-1, -2, and -3 ( Ali1–3, respectively)]. In this report, acute lung injury in A or B mice was characterized histologically and by measuring lung wet-to-dry weight ratios at death. Ozone produced comparable effects in both strains. To further delineate genetic loci associated with reduced survival, a genomewide scan was performed with F2 mice generated from the A and B strains. The results strengthen and extend our initial findings and firmly establish that Ali1 on mouse chromosome 11 has significant linkage to this phenotype. Ali3 was suggestive of linkage, supporting previous recombinant inbred analysis, whereas Ali2 showed no linkage. Together, our findings support the fact that several genes, including Ali1 and Ali3, control susceptibility to death after acute lung injury. Identification of these loci should allow a more focused effort to determine the key events leading to mortality after oxidant-induced acute lung injury.

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Yu, Dahua, Kai Yuan, Wei Qin, Ling Zhao, Minghao Dong, Peng Liu, Xuejuan Yang, et al. "Axonal loss of white matter in migraine without aura: A tract-based spatial statistics study." Cephalalgia 33, no. 1 (November 13, 2012): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102412466964.

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Aim Multiple diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived indices may help to deduce the pathophysiological type of white matter (WM) changes and provide more specific biomarkers of WM neuropathology in the whole brain of migraine patients without aura (MWoA). Methods Twenty MWoA and 20 age-, education- and gender-matched healthy volunteers participated in this study. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was employed to investigate the WM abnormalities in MWoA by integrating multiple indices, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). Results Compared with healthy controls, MWoA showed significantly lower FA, MD and AD in multiple brain regions, whereas no difference in RD was observed. Specifically, the overlap among the lower FA, MD, and AD was found in the genu, body, and splenium part of the corpus callosum (CC), the right anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) and the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) in MWoA compared with healthy controls. Additionally, some of the above WM findings were significantly correlated with duration and headache frequency in MWoA. Conclusion Given that decreased AD may suggest axonal loss, our findings may reveal axonal loss in MWoA.

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Matsushita, Makoto, Kohkichi Hosoda, Yasuo Naitoh, Haruo Yamashita, and Eiji Kohmura. "Utility of diffusion tensor imaging in the acute stage of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury for detecting white matter lesions and predicting long-term cognitive function in adults." Journal of Neurosurgery 115, no. 1 (July 2011): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.2.jns101547.

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Object Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often impairs cognitive function. Diffusion tensor (DT) imaging, a novel modality, permits evaluation of the effects of head trauma on white matter nerve fibers. The objectives of the current study were to investigate where the white matter injury following mild to moderate TBI is specifically located on DT imaging in the acute disease stage and to examine the relationship between the severity of the white matter lesion on DT imaging in the acute stage of TBI and future cognitive function in the chronic disease stage. Methods Twenty adult patients with mild to moderate TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score between 9 and 15) underwent conventional MR and DT imaging a median of 3.5 days after injury, and 27 matched healthy controls also underwent both imaging modalities. The patients with TBI were further subdivided into 2 groups, that is, mild and more severe TBI groups, based on clinical (mild or moderate TBI), CT (diffuse brain injury [DBI] I or II), or MR imaging (normal or pathological appearance) classification. Fractional anisotropies (FAs) were compared between patients and controls using the region of interest method. Regions of interest were located in 8 different areas including the genu, stem, and splenium of the corpus callosum and the corona radiata (CR), anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), frontal white matter (FWM), and occipital white matter (OWM) of the periventricular white matter. Eleven patients with TBI also underwent neuropsychological testing, which included the Trail Making Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised, and P300 testing in the chronic disease stage (median 364 days). Results Region of interest analysis demonstrated significantly lower FA values in the genu, stem, and splenium of the corpus callosum in more severe TBI groups (moderate TBI on clinical classification, DBI II on CT classification, and pathological appearance on MR imaging classification) than in controls. A significant difference was also observed in the FA of the splenium between controls and the mild TBI group of the clinical classification. No significant difference was observed in the FA of the CR, ALIC, PLIC, FWM, and OWM between controls and any of the TBI groups of clinical or imaging classifications. No significant difference was observed in the FA of any regions between mild and more severe TBI groups of the clinical or imaging classifications. Multiple regression analysis showed a statistically significant positive linear relationship between FA in the splenium and total IQ (r = 0.79, p = 0.004). A significant negative linear relationship between FA in the FWM and P300 latency was also observed (r = 0.62, p = 0.04). Conclusions Fractional anisotropy reductions in the splenium and FWM in the acute stage of mild to moderate TBI may be a useful prognostic factor for long-term cognitive dysfunction.

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Agirre, Jon, Olga Moroz, Sebastian Meier, Jesper Brask, Astrid Munch, Tine Hoff, Carsten Andersen, Keith S. Wilson, and Gideon J. Davies. "The structure of the AliC GH13 α-amylase from Alicyclobacillus sp. reveals the accommodation of starch branching points in the α-amylase family." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798318014900.

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α-Amylases are glycoside hydrolases that break the α-1,4 bonds in starch and related glycans. The degradation of starch is rendered difficult by the presence of varying degrees of α-1,6 branch points and their possible accommodation within the active centre of α-amylase enzymes. Given the myriad industrial uses for starch and thus also for α-amylase-catalysed starch degradation and modification, there is considerable interest in how different α-amylases might accommodate these branches, thus impacting on the potential processing of highly branched post-hydrolysis remnants (known as limit dextrins) and societal applications. Here, it was sought to probe the branch-point accommodation of the Alicyclobacillus sp. CAZy family GH13 α-amylase AliC, prompted by the observation of a molecule of glucose in a position that may represent a branch point in an acarbose complex solved at 2.1 Å resolution. Limit digest analysis by two-dimensional NMR using both pullulan (a regular linear polysaccharide of α-1,4, α-1,4, α-1,6 repeating trisaccharides) and amylopectin starch showed how the Alicyclobacillus sp. enzyme could accept α-1,6 branches in at least the −2, +1 and +2 subsites, consistent with the three-dimensional structures with glucosyl moieties in the +1 and +2 subsites and the solvent-exposure of the −2 subsite 6-hydroxyl group. Together, the work provides a rare insight into branch-point acceptance in these industrial catalysts.

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Xiong, Xuan, Li-Na Zhu, Xiao-xiao Dong, Wei Wang, Jun Yan, and Ai-Guo Chen. "Aerobic Exercise Intervention Alters Executive Function and White Matter Integrity in Deaf Children: A Randomized Controlled Study." Neural Plasticity 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3735208.

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This study examined the effects of an 11-week aerobic exercise intervention on executive function (EF) and white matter integrity (WMI). In total, 28 deaf children (aged 9–13 years) were randomly assigned to either an 11-week exercise intervention or the control group. All the children had behavioral assessment and diffusion tensor imaging prior to and following the exercise intervention. The behavioral performance results demonstrated that EF was enhanced by exercise. Relative to the control group, WMI of the exercise intervention group showed (1) lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the pontine crossing tract (PCT) and right cingulum (hippocampus) (CH), genu of the corpus callosum (gCC), right inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP), left superior corona radiata (SCR), and left superior frontooccipital fasciculus (SFOF); (2) higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the gCC, right CH, right inferior frontooccipital fasciculus (IFOF), and left anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC); and (3) lower MD in the left ICP and left tapetum (TAP). Furthermore, the lower FA in gCC showed a significant negative correlation with improvement in behavioral performance, but the correlation was not significant after FDR correction. These results suggest that exercise can effectively improve deaf children’s EF and reshape the WMI in deaf children. The improved EF by exercise is not related to a reshaping of WMI, but more studies on the relationship between EF and WMI by exercise may be needed.

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Heiden, Petra, Mauritius Hoevels, Dilruba Bayram, Juan C. Baldermann, Thomas Schüller, Daniel Huys, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, and Pablo Andrade. "Connectivity Patterns of Deep Brain Stimulation Targets in Patients with Gilles de Tourette Syndrome." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010087.

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Since 1999, several targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) have emerged showing similar success rates. Studies using different tractography techniques have identified connectivity profiles associated with a better outcome for individual targets. However, GTS patients might need individualized therapy. The objective of this study is to analyze the connectivity profile of different DBS targets for GTS. We identified standard target coordinates for the centromedian nucleus/nucleus ventro-oralis internus (CM/Voi), the CM/parafascicular (CM-Pf) complex, the anteromedial globus pallidus internus (amGPi), the posteroventral GPi (pvGPi), the ventral anterior/ventrolateral thalamus (VA/VL), and the nucleus accumbens/anterior limb of the internal capsule (Nacc/ALIC). Probabilistic tractography was performed from the targets to different limbic and motor areas based on patient-specific imaging and a normative connectome (HCP). Our analysis showed significant differences between the connectivity profiles of standard DBS targets (p < 0.05). Among all targets, the pvGPi showed the strongest connection to the sensorimotor cortex, while the amGPi showed the strongest connection to the prefrontal cortex in patient-specific imaging. Differences were observed between the connectivity profiles when using probabilistic tractography based on patient data and HCP. Our findings showed that the connectivity profiles of different DBS targets to major motor and limbic areas differ significantly. In the future, these differences may be considered when planning DBS for GTS patients employing an individualized approach. There were compelling differences in connectivity profiles when using different tractography techniques.

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Teixeira Filho, Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto, Salatiér Buzetti, Marcelo Andreotti, Marco Eustáquio de Sá, Orivaldo Arf, and Márcio Mohamed Megda. "Response of irrigated wheat cultivars to different nitrogen rates and sources." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 33, no. 5 (October 2009): 1303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000500023.

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High wheat yields require good N fertilization management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different N applications at sowing using Entec (N source with nitrification inhibitor) and urea (traditional N source) at covering, on four wheat cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme, with four replications, at the Experimental Station of the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, on a dystrophic, epi-eutrophic alic Red Latosol with loamy texture, formerly under savannah vegetation. Four N rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1) were tested, applied at sowing in the case of Entec and top-dressed 40 days after plant emergence in the case of urea, and the four wheat cultivars E 21, E 22, E 42, and IAC 370. The yield of the wheat cultivars E 21 and E 42 was highest. Plant height and lodging index of cultivar E 22 were greatest, with consequently lowest grain yield. There was no significant difference between Entec (applied at sowing) and urea (top-dressed) in terms of grain yield and yield components. Nevertheless, urea resulted in a higher N leaf content, and Entec in a larger number of undeveloped spikelets. High nitrogen rates influenced the hectoliter mass negatively, affecting wheat grain quality. Grain yield increased under N rates of up to 82 kg ha-1 N, through Entec applied at sowing or top-dressed urea.

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Emsell, L., C. Chaddock, N. Forde, W. Van Hecke, G. J. Barker, A. Leemans, S. Sunaert, et al. "White matter microstructural abnormalities in families multiply affected with bipolar I disorder: a diffusion tensor tractography study." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 10 (November 26, 2013): 2139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713002845.

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BackgroundWhite matter (WM) abnormalities are proposed as potential endophenotypic markers of bipolar disorder (BD). In a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) voxel-based analysis (VBA) study of families multiply affected with BD, we previously reported that widespread abnormalities of fractional anisotropy (FA) are associated with both BD and genetic liability for illness. In the present study, we further investigated the endophenotypic potential of WM abnormalities by applying DTI tractography to specifically investigate tracts implicated in the pathophysiology of BD.MethodDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 19 patients with BD type I from multiply affected families, 21 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 18 healthy volunteers. DTI tractography was used to identify the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus (UF), arcuate portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), corpus callosum, and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC). Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of participant group and genetic liability on FA and radial diffusivity (RD) in each tract.ResultsWe detected a significant effect of group on both FA and RD in the cingulum, SLF, callosal splenium and ILF driven by reduced FA and increased RD in patients compared to controls and relatives. Increasing genetic liability was associated with decreased FA and increased RD in the UF, and decreased FA in the SLF, among patients.ConclusionsWM microstructural abnormalities in limbic, temporal and callosal pathways represent microstructural abnormalities associated with BD whereas alterations in the SLF and UF may represent potential markers of endophenotypic risk.

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Heiden, Petra, Mauritius Hoevels, Dilruba Bayram, Juan Baldermann, Thomas Schüller, Daniel Huys, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, and Pablo Andrade. "Connectivity Patterns of Deep Brain Stimulation Targets in Patients with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome." Brain Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010087.

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Since 1999, several targets for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) have emerged showing similar success rates. Studies using different tractography techniques have identified connectivity profiles associated with a better outcome for individual targets. However, GTS patients might need individualized therapy. The objective of this study is to analyze the connectivity profile of different DBS targets for GTS. We identified standard target coordinates for the centromedian nucleus/nucleus ventro-oralis internus (CM/Voi), the CM/parafascicular (CM-Pf) complex, the anteromedial globus pallidus internus (amGPi), the posteroventral GPi (pvGPi), the ventral anterior/ventrolateral thalamus (VA/VL), and the nucleus accumbens/anterior limb of the internal capsule (Nacc/ALIC). Probabilistic tractography was performed from the targets to different limbic and motor areas based on patient-specific imaging and a normative connectome (HCP). Our analysis showed significant differences between the connectivity profiles of standard DBS targets (p < 0.05). Among all targets, the pvGPi showed the strongest connection to the sensorimotor cortex, while the amGPi showed the strongest connection to the prefrontal cortex in patient-specific imaging. Differences were observed between the connectivity profiles when using probabilistic tractography based on patient data and HCP. Our findings showed that the connectivity profiles of different DBS targets to major motor and limbic areas differ significantly. In the future, these differences may be considered when planning DBS for GTS patients employing an individualized approach. There were compelling differences in connectivity profiles when using different tractography techniques.

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ABBRI, FERDINANDO. "MARGARET ALIC, Hypatia's Heritage. A History of Women in Science from Antiquity to the Late Nineteenth Century, London, The Women's Press 1986, X + 230 pp." Nuncius 1, no. 2 (1986): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539186x00773.

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Moon, Chung-Man, and Gwang-Woo Jeong. "Functional and morphological alterations associated with working memory dysfunction in patients with generalized anxiety disorder." Acta Radiologica 58, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185116649794.

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Background Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been related to functional brain activities and structural brain abnormalities. Purpose To investigate the neural mechanism on working memory dysfunction in patients with GAD in terms of the combined functional and morphological brain abnormalities. Material and Methods Patients with GAD and healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education level underwent high-resolution T1-weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI). In this study, fMRI and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) were used for assessing the differential brain activation patterns, as well as for comparing the morphological alterations between the two groups. Results In response to the neutral distractors, the patients showed significantly lower activities in the regions of the fusiform gyrus (FuG), superior parietal gyrus (SPG), precuneus (PCu), superior occipital gyrus (SOG), lingual gyrus (LiG), cuneus (Cun), calcarine cortex (CaC), parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and cerebellar cortex (Cb) compared to the controls. In response to the anxiety-inducing distractors, the patients showed significantly higher activity in the hippocampus and lower activities in the regions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), FuG, SPG, PCu, SOG, and Cb. Also, the patients showed a significant reduction of the white matter volumes in the DLPFC, anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) and midbrain. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence for the association between the morphometric alterations and functional deficit in the working memory processing with the neutral and anxiety-inducing distractors in GAD patients. These findings would be helpful to understand the neural mechanisms on working memory impairment in connection with GAD symptoms.

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Moon, Chung-Man, and Gwang-Woo Jeong. "Abnormalities in gray and white matter volumes associated with explicit memory dysfunction in patients with generalized anxiety disorder." Acta Radiologica 58, no. 3 (July 20, 2016): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185116649796.

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Background The neuroanatomical abnormalities associated with behavioral dysfunction on explicit memory in patients generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have not yet been clearly identified. Purpose To investigate the regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume alterations over the whole brain in patients with GAD, as well as the correlation between the brain structural abnormality and explicit memory dysfunction. Material and Methods Twenty patients with GAD and 20 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education level underwent high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The participants performed the explicit memory tasks with the neutral and anxiety-inducing words. Results Patients with GAD showed significantly reduced GM volumes in the midbrain (MB), thalamus, hippocampus (Hip), insula, and superior temporal gyrus (STG); and reduced WM volumes in the MB, anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and precentral gyrus (PrG). It is important to note that the GM volume of the Hip and the WM volume of the DLPFC were positively correlated with the recognition accuracy (%) in the explicit memory tasks with neutral and anxiety-inducing words, respectively. On the other hand, the WM volume of the PrG was negatively correlated with the reaction time in the same memory tasks. Conclusion This study demonstrated the regional volume changes on whole-brain GM and WM and the correlation between the brain structural alteration and explicit memory dysfunction in GAD patients. These findings would be helpful to understand the association between the brain structure abnormality and the functional deficit in the explicit memory in GAD.

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Freise, Gerda. "Hypatias Töchter - Der verleugnete Anteil der Frauen an der Naturwissenschaft. Von Magaret Alic. 260 S., 8 Abb., DM 29,80. Unions-Verlag, Zürich 1987. ISBN 3-293-00116-5." Chemie in unserer Zeit 22, no. 6 (December 1988): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19880220607.

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SCHIMEL, DAVID S. "ALL LIFE IS CHEMICAL." BioScience 53, no. 5 (2003): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0521:alic]2.0.co;2.

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Bragagnolo, Manuela. "Nunc alia tempora, alii mores. Storici e storia in età postridentina." Laboratoire italien, no. 7 (November 1, 2007): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/laboratoireitalien.150.

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Outram, Dorinda. "Margaret Alic. Hypatia's Heritage: A History of Women in Science from Antiquity to the Late Nineteenth Century. London: The Women's Press, 1986. Pp. ix + 230. ISBN 0-7043-3954-4. £4.95." British Journal for the History of Science 20, no. 2 (April 1987): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400023773.

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Korczynski, Marek. "Book Reviews : NEW RULES FOR A NEW ECONOMY: EMPLOYMENT AND OPPORTUNITY IN POSTINDUSTRIAL AMERICA By Stephen Herzenberg, John Alic, and Howard Wial. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1998, 216 pp., US$17.95 (paperback)." Journal of Industrial Relations 42, no. 3 (September 2000): 483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218560004200317.

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Sobel, Russell S. "Political Incentives and Legislative Voting*." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 10, no. 2 (October 1, 1992): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907539518.

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Abstract Questo lavoro si colloca nell’ambito della letteratura di Public Choice relativa al comportamento del potere legislative e alia sua tendenza a sottrarsi ai propri incarichi.In particolare, l’autore elabora un modello che analizza i trade-offs cui i legislatori si trovano di fronte quando votano su questioni che coinvolgono interessi conflittuali degli elettori, dei lobbisti e loro propri, per cui la decisione di presentarsi per la rielezione diventa il frutto di un calcolo razionale circa le opportunità di lavoro alternative e gli altri benefici personali attesi.Da questo modello del calcolo decisionale del legislatore sono emerse una serie di implicazioni per la tendenza alio «shirking» del potere legislative Tali implicazioni sono state sottoposte a verifica empirica mediante l’utilizzo di variabili che potrebbero essere alia base del turnover registrato negli anni 80 nelle elezioni statali negli Stati Uniti.

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Farman, Allan G. "… et alii, et aliae, et alia, et cetera … Rights and responsibilities of authorship." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 102, no. 2 (August 2006): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.01.024.

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Nissen, Bruce. "Book Reviews : New Rules for a New Economy: Employment and Opportunity in Postindustrial America. By Stephen A. Herzenberg, John A. Alic, and Howard Wial. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press/ILR Press, 1998. 240 pp. $27.50 cloth." Labor Studies Journal 25, no. 3 (September 2000): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x0002500309.

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Souza, Camila Prado Cenciani de, Cleide Aparecida de Abreu, Cristiano Alberto de Andrade, and Mônica Ferreira de Abreu. "Extractants to assess zinc phytoavailability in mineral fertilizer and industrial by-products." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 37, no. 4 (August 2013): 1004–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832013000400018.

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Efficient analytical methods for the quantification of plant-available Zn contained in mineral fertilizers and industrial by-products are fundamental for the control and marketing of these inputs. In this sense, there are some doubts on the part of the scientific community as well as of the fertilizer production sector, whether the extractor requested by the government (Normative Instruction No. 28, called 2nd extractor), which is citric acid 2 % (2 % CA) (Brasil, 2007b), is effective in predicting the plant availability of Zn via mineral fertilizers and about the agronomic significance of the required minimal solubility of 60 % compared to the total content (HCl) (Brasil, 2007a). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alternative extractors DTPA, EDTA, neutral ammonium citrate (NAC), buffer solution pH 6.0, 10 % HCl, 10 % sulfuric acid, 1 % acetic acid, water, and hot water to quantify the contents of Zn available for maize and compare them with indices of agronomic efficiency of fertilizers and industrial by-products when applied to dystrophic Clayey Red Latosol and Dystrophic Alic Red Yellow Latosol with medium texture. The rate of Zn applied to the soil was 5 mg kg-1, using the sources zinc sulfate, commercial granular zinc, ash and galvanic sludge, ash and two brass slags. Most Zn was extracted from the sources by DTPA, 10 % HCl, NAC, 1% acetic acid, and 10 % sulfuric acid. Recovery by the extractors 2 % CA, EDTA, water, and hot water was low. The agronomic efficiency index was found to be high when using galvanic sludge (238 %) and commercial granular zinc (142 %) and lower with brass slag I and II (67 and 27 %, respectively). The sources galvanizing ash and brass ash showed solubility lower than 60 % in 2 % CA, despite agronomic efficiency indices of 78 and 125 %, respectively. The low agronomic efficiency index of industrial by-products such as brass slag I and galvanizing ash can be compensated by higher doses, provided there is no restriction, as well as for all other sources, in terms of contaminant levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury as required by law (Normative Instruction No 27/2006). The implementation of 2nd extractor 2 % CA and the requirement of minimum solubility for industrial by-products could restrict the use of alternative sources as potential Zn sources for plants.

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Nissen, Bruce. "Book Reviews : New Rules for a New Economy: Employment and Opportunity in Postindustrial America. By Stephen A. Herzenberg, John A. Alic, and Howard Wial. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University/ILR Press, 1998. 240 pp., $39.95 cloth, $17.95 paper." Labor Studies Journal 26, no. 3 (September 2001): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x0102600315.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ALIC'

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