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Academic literature on the topic 'Algues marines – Environnement'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Algues marines – Environnement"
Bresc-Litzler, Sophie. "Les algues : cultures, territoires et enjeux en France, aux Etats-Unis et en Chine : géographie d'une ressource à cultiver en mer et à terre." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010559/document.
Full textOur work is an original research that brings a new study example to the geography of sea and coastlines. We propose to describe and analyze the spatial and economic dynamics of a singular type of aquaculture: seaweed farming. Seaweed farming is a significant research area in coastal geography as well as in the geography of food and energy. We sought to identify the different scales of territories organized for the production of both macro- and microalgae. To conduct this research, we chose three study countries : China, the largest producer of macroalgae, France, where traditional production is being adapted to a new commercial and industrial demand, and finally the United States, where most innovations in the field of microalgae are made. This thesis has a cross- and forward-looking approach and is based on different research methods: field surveys on production sites, interviews with stakeholders, researchers, and distributors, bibliographic research at the intersection of the biological and social sciences. The study of crops, territories and issues of seaweed farming progresses along a three-step analysis: first, the presentation of algae farming (macro and microalgae) in its global and regional production with the production methods, second the analysis of the algae value chains, showing the development of local equipment and installations, and the investment of authorities in the territories of reference. Finally, we explore algae as a resource involved in energy, environmental and food issues of the twenty-first century
Monserrat, Barcelo Margalida. "Régression des forêts marines : causes et effets dans le cadre de leur conservation et restauration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4011.
Full textLarge brown forest-forming macroalgae are dominant foundation species, ecosystem engineers of marine macroalgal forests. In the Mediterranean Sea, they are mainly represented by Cystoseira sensu lato spp. most of wich are endemic. They are also characterized for being long-lived species with short dispersal of the zygotes. Marine forests are one of the most productive and diverse ecosystems on earth. However, anthropogenic impacts are pushing them to the edge, causing regime shifts towards less complex communities such as shrubs, turfs, or even barren grounds. Marine forest loss affects the whole ecosystem, eventually making it more vulnerable to emergent phenomena such as benthic harmful algal blooms (BHAB). BHAB of the genus Ostreopsis spp. have been expanding in recent decades through temperate regions such as the Mediterranean Sea, where they have important public health, ecological and economic consequences. Major blooms are generally observed on macroalgal turfs and shrubs, suggesting that less structurally complex macroalgal communities could have an active role in promoting the proliferation of blooms.The main objectives of this thesis are (i) to assess some abiotic (climate change) and biotic (herbivory) causes of marine forests loss in the Mediterranean Sea and (ii) the potential consequences this loss can have in the context of BHABs proliferation. In the first two chapters, the causes of Cystoseira s.l. spp. loss were assessed. In Chapter 1, the effects of climate change and species facilitation on the recruitment of Cystoseira compressa were studied in controlled laboratory experiments. The major results from this chapter show that the interactive effects of ocean warming and acidification negatively affect C. compressa recruits, which are also negatively affected by the presence of crustose coralline algae. In Chapter 2 the grazing pressure and the effects of different invertebrates on recruits of C. compressa were assessed through field surveys and both field and laboratory-based experiments. The results obtained show a high grazing rate of several common invertebrate species (molluscs, decapods et isopods) on recruits of C. compressa, representing a threat to natural populations in the long term, but also affecting the success of restoration actions. In chapters 3 and 4 the consequences of forest loss and in particular, the facilitation of Ostreopsis spp. blooms was approached by a literature review and field experiments. The review, reported in Chapter 3, focussed on the role of habitat in the facilitation of Ostreopsis spp. blooms. Despite an evident lack of information at the global scale on the meso- and macro-habitat fostering Ostreopsis spp. blooms, the present knowledge suggests a relationship between the abundance of Ostreopsis spp. and the complexity of the macroalgal communities. In Chapter 4 Ostreopsis spp. blooms have been studied in relation to macroalgal communities in field experiments in Italy and in France. A high variability on Ostreopsis spp. abundances was observed in the different macroalgal species and communities sampled, in some cases likely hiding other potential patterns of Ostreopsis spp. preferences. Larger scale studies would be needed to confirm these results.These findings provide important insights into the causes and effects of Cystoseira s.l. spp. loss and are of major interest for the conservation of Mediterranean marine forests, contributing to the development of effective management measures. The results presented support the importance of marine forests restoration in the Mediterranean Sea, as recommended by the 2030 European Biodiversity Strategy, the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development objectives. Such restoration actions will not only increase the productivity and biodiversity of coastal ecosystems but could potentially mitigate the public health, ecological and economic consequences of Ostreopsis spp. blooms
Al-Alam, Joséphine. "Polluants organiques : analyse, application au « biomonitoring » environnemental et introduction des biopesticides (algues marines) comme alternative." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF019.
Full textIn a context where environmental concerns due to pollution are growing on a global scale, monitoring of environmental pollution is a major research challenge in order to preserve as much as possible a healthy and sustainable environment. Indeed, the responsible and continuous monitoring of the environment escorted by the development of "green" pest control alternatives could certainly decelerate or even inhibit the spread of harmful pollutants into the entire biosphere. In this context, the main objectives of this thesis are intended firstly to characterize air quality by a biomonitoring-based approach and, secondly, to develop a biopesticide of algal origin, that allows the protection of post-harvested citrus fruit, as an alternative to the use of conventional chemical treatments. In order to answer the first objective, multi-residues extraction methods were developed. These methods were either specific to a family of pesticides such as dithiocarbamates or wider and more general regarding numerous pollutants such as pesticides, PAHs and PCBs. The latter were based either on the ASE-SPE-SPME, or on the QuEChERS-SPME, and formed the base of environmental biomonitoring studies undertaken. These monitoring studies allowed the assessment of spatial and temporal changes in air quality through natural species acting as biological sensors of environmental pollution and subsequently allowing the estimation of pollution in well-defined areas. To answer the second objective aqueous extracts of green algae, Ulva linza and Ulva lactuca, were prepared and tested as in vivo and in vitro antifungal agents, in order to study their ability to inhibit the development of Penicillium digitatum on post-harvested citrus fruits. A potential of post-harvested citrus fruits’ protection against this fungus was proved, giving hope to the reliability of this approach as a biological alternative for the replacement of potentially toxic chemical pesticides
Levavasseur, Guy. "Plasticité de l'appareil pigmentaire des algues marines : Macrophytes : regulation en fonction de l'environnement." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066121.
Full textPagand, Pascall. "Traitement des effluents piscicoles marins par lagunage à haut rendement alga." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON13521.
Full textBooks on the topic "Algues marines – Environnement"
Académie des sciences (France). Dynamique d'espèces marines invasives: Application à l'expansion de Caulerpa taxifolia en Méditerranée : séminaire international organisé [par l'Académie des sciences] avec le concours du Ministère de l'environnement et du programme "Environnement, vie, sociétés" du CNRS, les 13-14-15 mars 1997. Paris: Technique et documentation, 1997.
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