Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Algorithmique de graphes'
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Mazoit, Frédéric. "Décomposition algorithmique des graphes." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00148807.
Full textAngelier, Pierre. "Algorithmique des graphes de visibilité." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077007.
Full textGodard, Emmanuel. "Réécritures de graphes et algorithmique distribuée." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12518.
Full textLyaudet, Laurent. "Graphes et hypergraphes : complexités algorithmique et algébrique." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905137.
Full textZiti, Soumia. "Classes particulières de graphes : aspects structurels et algorithmique." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2037.
Full textNichitiu, Codrin. "Algorithmique sur graphes d'automates : election d'un chef, simulations." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENSL0138.
Full textChalopin, Jérémie. "Algorithmique distribuée, calculs locaux et homomorphismes de graphes." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13257.
Full textBricage, Marie. "Modélisation et Algorithmique de graphes pour la construction de structures moléculaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV031/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present an algorithmic approach allowing the generation of construction guides of organic molecular cages. These semi-molecular architectures have a defined internal space capable of trapping a target molecule called substrate. Many works propose to generate molecular organic cages obtained from symmetrical structures, which have a good complexity, but they are not specific because they do not take into account precise targets. The proposed approach makes it possible to generate guides for the construction of organic molecular cages specific to a given substrate. In order to ensure the specificity of the molecular cage for the target substrate, an intermediate structure, which is an expansion of the envelope of the target substrate, is used. This structure defines the shape of the space in which the substrate is trapped. Small sets of atoms, called molecular binding patterns, are then integrated into this intermediate structure. These molecular patterns are the sets of atoms needed by molecular cages to allow them to interact with the substrate to capture it
Durand-Lepoivre, Carole. "Ordres et graphes pseudo-hiérarchiques : théorie et optimisation algorithmique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11250.
Full textGély, Alain. "Algorithmique combinatoire : cliques, bicliques et systèmes implicatifs." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CLF22622.
Full textNouleho, ilemo Stefi. "Algorithmique de graphes pour la similarité structurelle de molécules et de réactions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG028.
Full textA synthesis pathway is, for a given molecule, a sequence of reactions making possible to obtain it from purchasable molecules or easily synthesizable. In chemoinformatics, predicting or assisting the conception of synthesis pathways for new molecules is a challenge. It consists in analyzing the very large databases of existing molecular reactions to build new synthesis pathways from existing plans of similar molecules. In this context, the similarity between molecules relies on their topology.We introduce a structural representation of molecules called the graph of cycles. This representation is based on the cycles in the molecular graph and their interconnections.This representation is canonical and allows us to define a similarity measure between structures of molecules and is computable in a reasonable amount of time. Our studies show that it is more adapted for works on synthesis pathways than the other existing similarity measures.Based on the graph of cycles, we proposed a classification of reactions according to the effects on the structure of molecules. This is the first step for the prediction of synthesis pathways
Ly, Olivier. "Etude algorithmique de complexes simpliciaux infinis." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10544.
Full textMorales, Varela Nelson Víctor. "Algorithmique des réseaux de communication radio modélisés par de [sic] graphes." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4032.
Full textThis thesis studies the algorithmics anc complexity of communications in a radio network. Radio networks are particular, because the transmission distance is limited and because certain transmissions may interfere with each other. We model this constraints by assuming that two nodes (radio equipment) can communicate with each other if they are at a distance smaller or equal than d_T and that a node interferes with any other that is at a distance smaller or equal than "d_I. This distances are considered in both cases: when they nodes belong to the Euclidean space and the distance between the nodes is the usual Euclidean distance, and when the distances are measured over a graph representing the network. A round being a set of transmissions that are compatible (do not interfere) we interest ourselves in the problem of gathering information originated at the nodes in the network into a central node called the sink. Our goal is to find the minimum number of rounds required to gather all the information and to devise algorithms that calculate this minimum. This problem is motivated by a question asked by France Telecom about providing internet to villages in France (internet dans les villages). The nodes represent houses (clients) that communicate with each other by means of radio signals, their objective being to access internet using a central gateway which, in turn, is connected to the internet with by satellite. The same problem is found in sensor networks, where information is collected in sensors (the nodes) and has to be gathered in a base station. We considered the case where each node has a fixed number of packets to transmit and the distances are measured over a base-graph. We have shown that the problem of finding an optimal solution is Np-Hard in the general case, but we provided a four approximation algorithm, valid for any base-graph. We have also studied either optimal or nearly optimal solutions for particular topologies like the path and the 2-D grid. We have also studied the systolic case where packets are transmitted permanently, the objective being to satisfy arbitrary traffic demands, per unit of time, with the smallest possible delay. We have studied this variant of the problem in the case where distances are measured on a graph, but also then they are measured in the Euclidean space. We have shown that the problem is NP-Hard, have established a four approximation and obtained either optimal or nearly optimal solutions for the path, trees and subsets of the 2-D grid
Quaddoura, Ruzayn. "Méthodes de décomposition, étude structurelle et algorithmique de nouvelles familles de graphes." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0306.
Full textDicky, Anne. "Une approche algébrique et algorithmique de l'analyse des systèmes de transition." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10509.
Full textBerthomé, Pascal. "Contribution à l'algorithmique des graphes: quelques représentations pertinentes de graphes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460292.
Full textDiot, Emilie. "Etude structurelle et algorithmique des graphes pouvant être séparés avec des plus courts chemins." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14425/document.
Full textGraphs are widely used to MODELISER a lot of real situations like road networks, computers networks or electricity ones. Using them, we can solve problems on these networks like routing (go from a vertex ti another one) or explore them (to have a map of studied graph).Studied networks, and so graphs which MODELISER them, can be large (i.e. have a lot of vertices). In this case, we can use the paradigm "Divide and conquer" to answer the questions. Indeed, working on small parts of graphs and merging the results on these small parts, we can obtain the result on the whole graph.In this document, we present a way to separate graphs using shortest paths like separators. This decomposition let to obtain a compact routing, a compact labeling to estimate the distance between vertices of the graph. This method let us to define new class of graphs
Sbihi, Najiba. "Contribution à l'étude des stables dans un graphe par une approche algorithmique." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10111.
Full textGhaemi, Mohammadreza. "Etude de la complexité algorithmique associée à des opérations de décomposition de graphes." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066449.
Full textBossart, Timothée. "Modèles pour l'optimisation de la simulation au cycle près de systèmes synchrones." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066342.
Full textManoussakis, Georgios Oreste. "Algorithmes combinatoires et Optimisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS517.
Full textWe start by studying the class of $k$-degenerate graphs which are often used to model sparse real-world graphs. We focus one numeration questions for these graphs. That is,we try and provide algorithms which must output, without duplication, all the occurrences of some input subgraph. We investigate the questions of finding all cycles of some givensize and all maximal cliques in the graph. Ourtwo contributions are a worst-case output sizeoptimal algorithm for fixed-size cycleenumeration and an output sensitive algorithmfor maximal clique enumeration for this restricted class of graphs. In a second part weconsider graphs in a distributed manner. Weinvestigate questions related to finding matchings of the network, when no assumptionis made on the initial state of the system. Thesealgorithms are often referred to as selfstabilizing.Our two main contributions are analgorithm returning an approximation of themaximum matching and a new algorithm formaximal matching when communication simulates message passing. Finally, weintroduce and investigate some special families of polytopes, namely primitive zonotopes,which can be described as the Minkowski sumof short primitive vectors. We highlight connections with the largest possible diameter ofthe convex hull of a set of points in dimension d whose coordinates are integers between 0 and k.Our main contributions are new lower bounds for this diameter question as well as descriptions of small instances of these objects
Beeker, Benjamin. "Problèmes géométriques et algorithmiques dans des graphes de groupes." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2043.
Full textThis thesis in geometric group theory gives geometric and algorithmic results on the class of generalized Baumslag-Solitar groups of variable rank (vGBS groups). A vGBS group is one that admits a splitting in a graph of groups where all vertex and edge groups are finitely generated free abelian. We first give a description of the abelian JSJ splittings of vGBS groups. We then describe their abelian compatibility JSJ splittings. We show that, in the class of vGBS groups, the “usual” JSJ splitting is algorithmically constructible, while the compatibility JSJ splitting is not. Finaly we study the multiple conjugacy problem. We show that, although the general problem is undecidable, it is solvable under certain restrictions
Hanusse, Nicolas. "Navigation dans les grands graphes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717765.
Full textMoncel, Julien. "Codes Identifiants dans les Graphes." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010293.
Full textDufresne, Yoann. "Algorithmique pour l’annotation automatique de peptides non ribosomiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10147/document.
Full textThe monomeric composition of polymers is powerful for structure comparison and synthetic biology, among others. However, most of the online molecular resources only provide atomic structures but not monomeric structures. So, we designed a software called smiles2monomers (s2m) to infer monomeric structures from chemical ones. The underlying algorithm is composed of two steps: a search of the monomers using a subgraph isomorphism algorithm fitted to our data and a tiling algorithm to obtain the best coverage of the polymer by non-overlapping monomers. The search is based on a Markovian index improving the execution time by 30% compared to the state of art. The tiling is performed using a greedy algorithm refined by a “branch & cut” algorithm. s2m had been tested on two different already annotated datasets. The software reconstructed the manual annotations with an excellent sensibility in a very short time. Norine database, the reference knowledge base about specific polymers called Non Ri bosomal Peptides (NRP), is developed by our research group. s2m, executed on the Norine database, alerted us about wrong manual annotations. So, s2m not only creates new annotations, but also facilitates the process of annotation curation. The new annotations generated by the software are currently used for the discovery of new NRP, new activities and may be used to create completely new and artificial NRP
Maamra, Khaled. "Algorithmes auto-stabilisants efficaces pour les graphes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV065/document.
Full textThe main focus of my thesis is the design of an efficient kind of distributed algorithms, known as: Self-stabilizing. These algorithms have the property to recover from faults in the environment they're executed in, and this without any human intervention. Recovering here, means converging toward a pre-defined, correct configuration. In this setting, I was mainly interested by the problems of matching in graphs, clique partitions and publication subscription paradigms. For the maximal version of the matching problem in anonymous graphs, we achieved a more efficient randomized, self-stabilizing algorithm. This work is published in a journal version in PPL. The maximum version of the same problem, but in an identified setting, led to the design of an efficient self-stabilizing algorithm that approximates the optimal solution up to the 2/3. This result was published at OPODIS. During a research visit at TUHH, Hamburg, Germany. Together with Pr. Volker Turau we tackled the problem of self-stabilizing publish/subscribe paradigms. This led to an algorithm introducing the new notion of short-cuts in this type of structures and was published under a brief announcement and a regular paper at SSS and NetSyS. In collaboration with Mr. Siegemund, then a visiting researcher at LIX, École Polytechnique, we worked on an efficient self-stabilizing algorithm for clique partitions. This work is still in progress and in preparation for an eventual publication
Thiebaut, Jocelyn. "Algorithmic and structural results on directed cycles in dense digraphs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS059.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in some algorithmic and structural problems of (oriented) cycle packing in dense digraphs. These problems are mainly motivated by understanding the structure of such graphs, but also because many algorithmic problems are easy (i.e. resolvable in polynomial time) on acyclic digraphs while they are NP-difficult in the general case.More specifically, we first study the packing of cycles and the packing of triangles in tournaments. These problems are the two dual problems (from a linear programming point of view) of feedback arc/vertex set that have received a lot of attention in literature. Among other things, we show that there is no polynomial algorithm to find a maximum collection of cycles (respectively triangles) vertex or arc-disjoint in tournaments, unless P = NP. We are also interested in algorithms of approximations and parameterized complexity of these different problems.Then, we study these problems in the specific case where the tournament admits a feedback arc set which is a matching. Such tournaments are said to be sparse. Surprisingly, the problem remains difficult in the case of vertex-disjoint triangles, but the packing of triangles and the packing of arc-disjoint cycles become polynomial. Thus, we explore the approximation and parameterized complexity of the vertex-disjoint case in sparse tournaments.Finally, we answer positively to a structural conjecture on k-regular bipartite tournaments by Manoussakis, Song and Zhang from 1994. Indeed, we show that all digraphs of this non-isomorphic class to a particular digraph have for every p even with 4 leq p leq |V(D)| - 4 a C cycle of size p such that D V(C) is Hamiltonian
Herrbach, Claire. "Etude algorithmique et statistique de la comparaison des structures secondaires d'ARN." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13432.
Full textTichit, Laurent. "Algorithmique des structures biologiques : l'édition d'arborescences pour la comparaison de structures secondaires d'ARN." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12699.
Full textCoudert, David. "Algorithmique et optimisation dans les réseaux de télécommunications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466400.
Full textL'ensemble des résultats présentés dans ce document est le fruit de travaux collaboratifs avec les membres de l'équipe-projet MASCOTTE, des collègues d'autres universités, française ou étrangères, et des collègues de France Télécom, Alcatel-Lucent et 3Roam. L'introduction de ce manuscrit résume nos travaux sur le routage, le groupage de trafic, la tolérance aux pannes et la reconfiguration, ainsi que des travaux plus récents sur la minimisation du nombre d'étiquettes dans les réseaux MPLS, le dimensionnement de réseaux de collecte IP sans fil, et sur le routage disjoints d'ensembles particuliers de requêtes. Ensuite, je détaille nos travaux sur le groupage de trafic au travers d'un état de l'art dans le chapitre 3, nos contributions sur la notion de groupes de ressources partageant un risque dans le chapitre 4, et sur la reconfiguration de routages dans le chapitre 5. Le chapitre 6 conclut ce manuscrit en présentant avec quelques directions de recherches.
Memari, Pooran. "Geometric tomography with topological guarantees." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4053.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to provide a method to reconstruct three dimensional shapes from cross-sections. The principal motivation is 3D reconstruction of organs that is widely considered to be an important diagnostic aid in the medical world. However, the actual simulation results, namely in 3D ultrasonic simulation, are not reliable to be used in diagnosis. This thesis is the first geometric analysis of the reliability and the validity of reconstruction methods from cross-sectional data. Even in the case of parallel sections, no formal analysis and guarantees had been obtained before this thesis. More formally, we consider the problem of reconstructing a compact 3-manifold (with boundary) embedded in R3 from its cross-sections with a given set of cutting planes having arbitrary orientations. The first Chapter of this manuscript is devoted to analyzing a method presented by Liu et al. In 2008. We prove that under appropriate sampling conditions, the resulting reconstructed object is homeomorphic (and isotopic) to the original object. In the second chapter, we present a second reconstruction method that makes use of the Voronoi diagram of the sections. This method performs more connections between the sections comparing to the first method. Increasing the connectivity between the sections is motivated by reconstructing tree-like structures from sparse sectional data. The provided sampling conditions, leading to topological guarantees, are adapted to tree-like structures: Indeed, we show that if the cutting planes are sufficiently transversal to the surface we want to reconstruct, then the method can handle complex branching structures. Finally, in the third chapter, we show how the Voronoi-Delaunay duality allows us to perform still more connections between the sections comparing to the two first methods. The preliminary experimental results are quite promising, e. G. , regarding the practicality of the approach to reconstruct complex cross-sectional branching situations such as the coronary arterial tree. The hope is that the theoretical studies provided in this thesis will be a first step to provide solid foundations and theoretical guarantees for medical diagnostic software
Lebhar, Emmanuelle. "Algorithmes de routage et modèles aléatoires pour les graphes petits mondes." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011646.
Full textVialette, Stéphane. "Aspects algorithmiques de la prédiction des structures secondaires d'ARN." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628623.
Full textCoudert, David. "Algorithmique et optimisation de réseaux de communications optiques." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008087.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous étudions l'implantation en espace libre optique de réseaux de communications à l'aide de l'architecture OTIS (Optical Transpose Interconnection System), proposé dans [MMHE93]. Nous proposons une modélisation de ces réseaux par les graphes H(p,q,d) que nous cherchons ensuite à caractériser. Nous étudions en particulier les isomorphismes entre ces graphes et des graphes connus (de Bruijn, Kautz et autres graphes à alphabet). Nous développons une famille de graphes à alphabet contenant de nombreux graphes isomorphes au de Bruijn, que nous utilisons pour obtenir une implantation optimale, au sens de la minimisation du nombre de lentilles, du de Bruijn avec OTIS. Nous étudions aussi une famille de réseaux modélisés par des hypergraphes orientés, appelées stack-Kautz, pour laquelle nous donnons un algorithme de routage et des protocoles de contrôles.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéressons au problème de la sécurisation par protection dans les réseaux WDM, qui consiste à utiliser des ressources prédéterminées et dédiées pour assurer la continuité du trafic lors de la rupture d'un faisceau de fibres dans le réseau. Nous décrivons de nombreuses stratégies de protection de l'instance et du réseau. Nous étudions plus particulièrement la protection par sous-réseaux qui consiste au partage de ressources de protection par un ensemble de requêtes formant un sous-réseau particulier (circuit). Nous donnons une solution optimale au problème de la protection par sous-réseaux dans le cas où le réseau est un cycle et les requêtes représentent un échange total.
Besombes, Jérôme. "Un modèle algorithmique de la généralisation de structures dans le processus d'acquisition du langage." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10156.
Full textThe subject of our study is the learning of regular tree languages for an algorithmic modeling of language acquisition. For this, we suppose that data are structured; these data are heard correct sentences and the learning is effective since a representation of the language to which these sentences belong is built. From this representation the learner is able to generate new sentences compatible with the language and not presented as examples. Considering that heard sentences are translated into trees, it appears that the generalization of these tree structures is a component of the learning. We developed several models for this generalization in the form of algorithms taking into account various types of structures as input and various levels of contribution of information. These new models offer the advantage of unifying major results in the theory of the grammatical inference, and of extending these results, in particular by the consideration of new structures not studied previously in the learnability point of view
Garcia, Françoise. "Etude et implémentation en ML/LCF d'un système de déduction pour logique algorithmique." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077119.
Full textGambette, Philippe. "Méthodes combinatoires de reconstruction de réseaux phylogénétiques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608342.
Full textDuhaze-Pradines, Loric. "Reachability problems for general rotor walks in graphs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG051.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the algorithmic properties of a cellular automaton known as rotor walks. This model has been introduced in two distinct ways. Firstly, as a fundamental operation within another cellular automaton known as Sandpiles, which models the collapse of a sand pile when it becomes too high. Secondly, due to its resemblance to well-studied stochastic models, such as random walks. Indeed, numerous structural properties of random walks (hitting times, cover times, etc.) are analogous to those of this completely deterministic automaton called the rotor walk. The main motivation for this thesis stems from this "derandomization" of a random process. More precisely, a rotor walk corresponds to the movement of a particle on a directed graph following the following rule: initially, an order (a numbering) is fixed on the outgoing arcs of each vertex of the graph. Once the starting position of the particle is defined, each time it is on a vertex, it leaves through the arc with the lowest value that it has not already used. Of course, if all arcs have been used, the process restarts with the lowest value arc. There is a multitude of accessibility problems on rotors, and we aim to compile a list of them in this thesis. We also provide complexity results for some of these problems. Subsequently, we turn our attention to a specific accessibility problem: ARRIVAL. Considering a graph with sinks such that there is a directed path between each vertex of the graph and at least one of these sinks, a rotor walk inevitably terminates. Unfortunately, the number of steps before this process concludes can be exponential. In 2017, Dorhau et al. introduced a problem called ARRIVAL, which seeks to determine if the particle successfully reaches a given sink. They demonstrated that it belongs to the complexity classes NP and co-NP. Being a strong candidate for polynomial algorithm resolution, we investigate this problem on a subclass of graphs where the step count of the process can be exponential: Tree-like multigraphs. These are multigraphs whose underlying undirected graph is a tree. In this context, we show that this problem can be solved in linear time, extending these results to decision versions of the ARRIVAL problem, known to be respectively NP-complete and PSPACE-complete
David, Vincent. "Algorithmique parallèle sur les arbres de décision et raisonnement en temps contraint : étude et application au minimax." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0008.
Full textFigeac, Martin Delahaye Jean-Paul Varré Jean-Stéphane. "Étude de l'ordre des gènes clusters de gènes et algorithmique des réarrangements /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/637.
Full textPigné, Yoann. "Modélisation et traitement décentralisé des graphes dynamiquesApplication aux réseaux mobiles ad hoc." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371962.
Full textNous étudions la résolution de problèmes dans ces graphes à l'aide de méthodes inspirées de mécanismes d'intelligence collective.
Les modèles proposés sont validés dans le contexte applicatif des réseaux mobiles ad hoc. Une approche originale de construction et de maintien de chemins de communication sous plusieurs contraintes est proposée. Le problème de la construction et du maintien d'une forêt couvrante dans un réseau mobile ad hoc est également étudié.
Hinge, Antoine. "Dessin de graphe distribué par modèle de force : application au Big Data." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0092/document.
Full textGraphs, usually used to model relations between entities, are continually growing mainly because of the internet (social networks for example). Graph visualization (also called drawing) is a fast way of collecting data about a graph. Internet graphs are often stored in a distributed manner, split between several machines interconnected. This thesis aims to develop drawing algorithms to draw very large graphs using the MapReduce paradigm, used for cluster computing. Among graph drawing algorithms, those which rely on a physical model to compute the node placement are generally considered to draw graphs well regardless of the type of graph. We developped two force-directed graph drawing algorithms in the MapReduce paradigm. GDAD, the fist distributed force-directed graph drawing algorithm ever, uses pivots to simplify computations of node interactions. MuGDAD, following GDAD, uses a recursive simplification to draw the original graph, keeping the pivots. We compare these two algorithms with the state of the art to assess their performances
Nisse, Nicolas. "Complexité algorithmique: entre structure et connaissance. Comment les jeux de poursuite peuvent apporter des solutions." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998854.
Full textCornet, Alexis. "Algorithmes et résultats de complexité pour des problèmes de graphes avec contraintes additionnelles." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC034/document.
Full textDomination problems (dominating set, independant dominating set, ...) as well as covering problems (vertex-cover, Steiner tree, ...) are NP-complete. However, for most of these problems, it is always possible to construct a (eventually bad) solution in polynomial time, or at least it is possible to determine whether a solution exists. Those problems originally came from industry, but are simplified modelizations of the real life problems. We add additional constraints modeling plausible practical constraints : conflicts which are pairs of elements that cannot apear simultaneously in a solution (to modelize various incompatibilities), connexity in a second graph (elements of the solution must be able to communicate, and the communication links are a second graph), and obligations which are subsets of interdependant vertices which must be added simultaneously in a solution.We don't aim to model a specific real-world problem, but to study how these plausible constraints affect the complexity of the studied problems. We will see that, in many cases, even determining the existence of a solution (regardless of its size) become hard. The firefighter problem models firefighters aiming to contain a fire spreading turn by turn in a (eventually infinite) graph. We studied this problem with the addition of deplacement constraints for the firefighters (a limited moving speed between turns). We will see that, most of the time, this constraint increase the number of firefighters necessary to contain the fire, but does not trigger such major change as constraints studied in the others problems
Favreau, Jean-Marie. "Outils pour le pavage de surfaces." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440730.
Full textGastineau, Nicolas. "Partitionnement, recouvrement et colorabilité dans les graphes." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS014/document.
Full textOur research are about graph coloring with distance constraints (packing coloring) or neighborhood constraints (Grundy coloring). Let S={si| i in N*} be a non decreasing sequence of integers. An S-packing coloring is a proper coloring such that every set of color i is an si-packing (a set of vertices at pairwise distance greater than si). A graph G is (s1,... ,sk)-colorable if there exists a packing coloring of G with colors 1,... ,k. A Grundy coloring is a proper vertex coloring such that for every vertex of color i, u is adjacent to a vertex of color j, for each ji. These results allow us to determine S-packing coloring of these lattices for several sequences of integers. We examine a class of graph that has never been studied for S-packing coloring: the subcubic graphs. We determine that every subcubic graph is (1,2,2,2,2,2,2)-colorable and (1,1,2,2,3)-colorable. Few results are proven about some subclasses. Finally, we study the Grundy number of regular graphs. We determine a characterization of the cubic graphs with Grundy number 4. Moreover, we prove that every r-regular graph without induced square has Grundy number r+1, for r<5
Casteigts, Arnaud. "Contribution à l'algorithmique distribuée dans les réseaux mobiles ad hoc - Calculs locaux et réétiquetages de graphes dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193181.
Full textClairet, Pierre. "Approche algorithmique pour l’amélioration des performances du système de détection d’intrusions PIGA." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2016/document.
Full textPIGA is a tool for detecting malicious behaviour by analysing system activity. This tool uses signatures representing illegal behaviours that violate security properties defined in the policy. The signatures are generated from graphs modelling the operation between different system entities and stored in the memory during the intrusion detection. The signature base can take up several MB (Megabytes). This will reduce system performance when the intrusion detection is running. During this thesis, we set up two methods to reduce the memory used to store the signatures while also preserving their quality. The first method is based on the modular decomposition of graphs. We used this notion of graph theory to reduce the size of the graph and lower the number and length of signatures. Applied to confidentiality properties on a gateway system, this method divides by 20 the number of generated signature. The second method reduces directly the signature base by deleting useless signatures when PIGA is used as an IPS. Applied to the same properties, this method divides by 5 the number of generated signatures. Using both methods together, the number of signatures is divided by more than 50. Next, we adapted the detection mechanism to use the new generated signatures. The experiments show that the new mechanism detects the same illegal behaviours detected by the previous one. Furthermore, we reduced the response time of PIGA
Hoché, Toussaint. "Heuristiques pour la gestion d'une flotte de taxis autonomes, électriques, réservables et partageables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG082.
Full textIndividual transportation is currently undergoing multiple transformations: Automation of vehicles, electrification, integration of Information & Communications Technologies (ICT) in management systems, to name only three. These transformations bring new challenges and opportunities to the domain of individual mobility. The objective of this thesis is to develop a centralised system managing a fleet of electrics, autonomous, and shared taxis treating as many customers as possible.Regarding electrification, three difficulties are studied. 1) The range of electric vehicles is lower than for internal combustion vehicles. 2) Refilling is slower. 3) The charging infrastructure usage may be constraint. The recharge of vehicles must therefore be as efficient as possible, to maximise their uptime. We study two cases: static and dynamic. In the static case, clients' requests are known long in advance, and the fleet manager can freely choose the clients to treat. In the dynamic cas, each client is discovered when he formulate his request to the fleet manager, who has to tell in real-time if the client's request is accepted.A holistic approach is used in this thesis, to integrate the recharge management in a complete system. Thus, we consider the impact of parking and ride-sharing on the behaviour of taxis. Finally, our tests are performed on large instances, involving dozens of thousands of clients, based on real data.To solve these instances, we propose a myopic greedy heuristic, improved by two neighbourhood search method. The first method is a hill climbing, and the second one is a simulated annealing. Our results show that these methods are fitting for instances with tens of thousands of customers, but that the computation time required for the simulated annealing is very high. Our results also show how these methods must be parametered depending on the caracteristics of the instances, and we propose various ways to improve these results
Gianfrotta, Coline. "Modélisation, analyse et classification de motifs structuraux d'ARN à partir de leur contexte, par des méthodes d'algorithmique de graphes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG056.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the structural context of RNA structural motifs in order to make progress in their prediction. Indeed, some RNA motifs, which are substructures appearing recurrently in RNA structures, remain difficult to predict, because of the presence of non-canonical interactions in these motifs, and because of the distance on the primary sequence between the different parts of these motifs. We therefore model the topological structural context of these motifs by graphs, and compare the contexts of the different occurrences using several graph algorithms. We then classify the motif occurrences according to their topological context similarities and according to their 3D context similarities, using an overlapping clustering algorithm.First, we show on a dataset of three structural motifs that the observed similarities between the topological contexts are consistent with the similarities between the 3D contexts. This indicates that the topological context may be sufficient to determine the 3D context for these three motifs.In a second step, we study several classifications of occurrences of the A-minor motif, according to 3D context similarities. We observe that 3D context similarities exist between non-homologous occurrences, which could be a sign of an evolutionary convergence phenomenon. Moreover, we observe that some parts of the 3D context seem to be better conserved than others between non-homologous occurrences.In a third step, we study the predictive ability of the common topological context of A-minor motif occurrences, sharing similar 3D contexts, as well as the predictive ability of a sequence signal on these same occurrences. To this end, we study the occurrence of this topology and sequence in RNA structures in the absence of A-minor motifs. We conclude that the topology and the sequence represent a good signal for the majority of the studied classes