Academic literature on the topic 'Alginates'

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Journal articles on the topic "Alginates"

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Rizfa, Mila Safitri, Ervia Yudiati, and Diah Permata Wijayanti. "Improving The Antioxidant Activity of Sodium Alginate from Sargassum sp. by Thermal Heating and Chemical Methods." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 23, no. 3 (November 14, 2020): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i3.8946.

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The relationship between molecular structure and bioactivity was evaluated for sodium alginates obtained under different degradation treatment (raw alginates, heat-treated, and chemical-treated) from Sargassum sp. This study was conducted to identify the antioxidant activities of the degraded sodium alginate from Sargassum sp. compared to raw extract. Raw alginate as the control treatment was dried overnight at 60 °C, while heat-treated was heated raw alginate at 140oC in a laboratory oven (4.5 hours). Two chemical-treated were applied. Raw alginate added hydrogen peroxide and raw alginat with hydrogen peroxide plus ascorbic acid. This treatments were replicated three times. All the parameters were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The spectroscopy results from the degradation methods showed a new absorbance spectra pattern. The FT-IR spectrum revealed that treatment affects the structure of the alginates. Heat treated and chemical treated sodium alginates showed non significantly different on DPPH radical scavenging activity. Meanwhile, the combination of alginate and hydrogen peroxide treatment was at the lowest scavenging ability. Therefore, alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) produced by heating or adding chemical reagents could be considered as a stronger antioxidant than raw alginate, which may be applied in the industry and biomedical
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Ochbaum, Guy, Maya Davidovich-Pinhas, and Ronit Bitton. "Tuning the mechanical properties of alginate–peptide hydrogels." Soft Matter 14, no. 21 (2018): 4364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00059j.

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Covalent bonding peptides to alginates is routinely used to tailor alginate's biofunctionality. Here, we investigate the possibility of tuning the mechanical properties of alginate–peptide gels by altering the sequence of the covalently bound peptide.
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Abourehab, Mohammad A. S., Rahul R. Rajendran, Anshul Singh, Sheersha Pramanik, Prachi Shrivastav, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Ravi Manne, Larissa Souza Amaral, and A. Deepak. "Alginate as a Promising Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and Wound Healing: A Review of the State-of-the-Art." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 9035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169035.

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Biopolymeric nanoparticulate systems hold favorable carrier properties for active delivery. The enhancement in the research interest in alginate formulations in biomedical and pharmaceutical research, owing to its biodegradable, biocompatible, and bioadhesive characteristics, reiterates its future use as an efficient drug delivery matrix. Alginates, obtained from natural sources, are the colloidal polysaccharide group, which are water-soluble, non-toxic, and non-irritant. These are linear copolymeric blocks of α-(1→4)-linked l-guluronic acid (G) and β-(1→4)-linked d-mannuronic acid (M) residues. Owing to the monosaccharide sequencing and the enzymatically governed reactions, alginates are well-known as an essential bio-polymer group for multifarious biomedical implementations. Additionally, alginate’s bio-adhesive property makes it significant in the pharmaceutical industry. Alginate has shown immense potential in wound healing and drug delivery applications to date because its gel-forming ability maintains the structural resemblance to the extracellular matrices in tissues and can be altered to perform numerous crucial functions. The initial section of this review will deliver a perception of the extraction source and alginate’s remarkable properties. Furthermore, we have aspired to discuss the current literature on alginate utilization as a biopolymeric carrier for drug delivery through numerous administration routes. Finally, the latest investigations on alginate composite utilization in wound healing are addressed.
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Adamiak, Katarzyna, and Alina Sionkowska. "State of Innovation in Alginate-Based Materials." Marine Drugs 21, no. 6 (June 8, 2023): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21060353.

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This review article presents past and current alginate-based materials in each application, showing the widest range of alginate’s usage and development in the past and in recent years. The first segment emphasizes the unique characteristics of alginates and their origin. The second segment sets alginates according to their application based on their features and limitations. Alginate is a polysaccharide and generally occurs as water-soluble sodium alginate. It constitutes hydrophilic and anionic polysaccharides originally extracted from natural brown algae and bacteria. Due to its promising properties, such as gelling, moisture retention, and film-forming, it can be used in environmental protection, cosmetics, medicine, tissue engineering, and the food industry. The comparison of publications with alginate-based products in the field of environmental protection, medicine, food, and cosmetics in scientific articles showed that the greatest number was assigned to the environmental field (30,767) and medicine (24,279), whereas fewer publications were available in cosmetic (5692) and food industries (24,334). Data are provided from the Google Scholar database (including abstract, title, and keywords), accessed in May 2023. In this review, various materials based on alginate are described, showing detailed information on modified composites and their possible usage. Alginate’s application in water remediation and its significant value are highlighted. In this study, existing knowledge is compared, and this paper concludes with its future prospects.
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T., Jayanthy, and Vayyala P. Reddy. "Efficacy of an alginate versus proton pump inhibitor in the symptomatic relief of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in pregnant women." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 6 (May 26, 2023): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20231524.

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Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is frequently seen during pregnancy with prevalence of 80%. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are the most effective drugs used in the treatment of reflux symptoms. Alginates are natural polysaccharide polymer which builds a non-systemic barrier against acid and food reflux in the oesophagus. Aims and objectives were to compare the efficacy of alginate versus PPIs in pregnant women, and to determine the time to onset of decrease in the pain intensity of alginate to PPIs. Methods: This is a prospective randomised study conducted in pregnant women with symptoms of heartburn comparing the efficacy of alginates to PPIs in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences. After subjects have signed the consent, two sachets of 10 ml liquid preparation alginate were given to the alginate group while 40 mg intravenous pantoprazole to the PPI group. Results: Among 40 patients studied, 20 were given alginates and 20 were given PPIs. 7 presented in the 1st trimester and 33 in 2nd trimester. Onset of action is faster with alginates when compared to PPIs, it was 30 min to 1 hour in patients taking alginates and 6-12 hours in patients taking PPIs, duration of action was longer for PPIs than alginates, with alginates it’s observed that it attains 24-hour symptom free interval in shorter time when compared to PPIs. Conclusions: ¬Alginates to be used for rapid symptom relief in patients with acute symptoms as an induction agent, PPIs to be used for longer duration of action as maintenance.
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Jeoh, Tina, Dana E. Wong, Scott A. Strobel, Kevin Hudnall, Nadia R. Pereira, Kyle A. Williams, Benjamin M. Arbaugh, Julia C. Cunniffe, and Herbert B. Scher. "How alginate properties influence in situ internal gelation in crosslinked alginate microcapsules (CLAMs) formed by spray drying." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0247171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247171.

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Alginates gel rapidly under ambient conditions and have widely documented potential to form protective matrices for sensitive bioactive cargo. Most commonly, alginate gelation occurs via calcium mediated electrostatic crosslinks between the linear polyuronic acid polymers. A recent breakthrough to form crosslinked alginate microcapsules (CLAMs) by in situ gelation during spray drying (“CLAMs process”) has demonstrated applications in protection and controlled delivery of bioactives in food, cosmetics, and agriculture. The extent of crosslinking of alginates in CLAMs impacts the effectiveness of its barrier properties. For example, higher crosslinking extents can improve oxidative stability and limit diffusion of the encapsulated cargo. Crosslinking in CLAMs can be controlled by varying the calcium to alginate ratio; however, the choice of alginates used in the process also influences the ultimate extent of crosslinking. To understand how to select alginates to target crosslinking in CLAMs, we examined the roles of alginate molecular properties. A surprise finding was the formation of alginic acid gelling in the CLAMs that is a consequence of simultaneous and rapid pH reduction and moisture removal that occurs during spray drying. Thus, spray dried CLAMs gelation is due to calcium crosslinking and alginic acid formation, and unlike external gelation methods, is insensitive to the molecular composition of the alginates. The ‘extent of gelation’ of spray dried CLAMs is influenced by the molecular weights of the alginates at saturating calcium concentrations. Alginate viscosity correlates with molecular weight; thus, viscosity is a convenient criterion for selecting commercial alginates to target gelation extent in CLAMs.
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Rosiak, Piotr, Ilona Latanska, Paulina Paul, Witold Sujka, and Beata Kolesinska. "Modification of Alginates to Modulate Their Physic-Chemical Properties and Obtain Biomaterials with Different Functional Properties." Molecules 26, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 7264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237264.

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Modified alginates have a wide range of applications, including in the manufacture of dressings and scaffolds used for regenerative medicine, in systems for selective drug delivery, and as hydrogel materials. This literature review discusses the methods used to modify alginates and obtain materials with new or improved functional properties. It discusses the diverse biological and functional activity of alginates. It presents methods of modification that utilize both natural and synthetic peptides, and describes their influence on the biological properties of the alginates. The success of functionalization depends on the reaction conditions being sufficient to guarantee the desired transformations and provide modified alginates with new desirable properties, but mild enough to prevent degradation of the alginates. This review is a literature description of efficient methods of alginate functionalization using biologically active ligands. Particular attention was paid to methods of alginate functionalization with peptides, because the combination of the properties of alginates and peptides leads to the obtaining of conjugates with properties resulting from both components as well as a completely new, different functionality.
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Colin, Camille, Emma Akpo, Aurélie Perrin, David Cornu, and Julien Cambedouzou. "Encapsulation in Alginates Hydrogels and Controlled Release: An Overview." Molecules 29, no. 11 (May 26, 2024): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112515.

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This review aims to gather the current state of the art on the encapsulation methods using alginate as the main polymeric material in order to produce hydrogels ranging from the microscopic to macroscopic sizes. The use of alginates as an encapsulation material is of growing interest, as it is fully bio-based, bio-compatible and bio-degradable. The field of application of alginate encapsulation is also extremely broad, and there is no doubt it will become even broader in the near future considering the societal demand for sustainable materials in technological applications. In this review, alginate’s main properties and gelification mechanisms, as well as some factors influencing this mechanism, such as the nature of the reticulation cations, are first investigated. Then, the capacity of alginate gels to release matter in a controlled way, from small molecules to micrometric compounds, is reported and discussed. The existing techniques used to produce alginates beads, from the laboratory scale to the industrial one, are further described, with a consideration of the pros and cons with each techniques. Finally, two examples of applications of alginate materials are highlighted as representative case studies.
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Soukaina, Bouissil, EL Alaoui-Talibi Zainab, Pierre Guillaume, Rchid Halima, Michaud Philippe, El Modafar Cherkaoui, and Delattre Cédric. "Radical Depolymerization of Alginate Extracted from Moroccan Brown Seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124166.

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The degradation of alginate extracted from Moroccan Bifurcaria bifurcata has not been fully established to date. In this work, we report the extraction and the characterization of alginate (ASBB) from the brown algae B. bifurcata, as well as the production of oligo-alginates (OGABs) by using a green chemistry process. The depolymerization of ASBB was carried out by controlled radical hydrolysis through our green chemistry process using a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalyst. The molecular weight (Mw) and degree of polymerization (DP) distribution of oligo-alginates (OGABs) obtained were then characterized by HPLC size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Structural characterization revealed that after 6 h of depolymerization of ASBB, we obtained OGABs with Mw ≤ 5.5 kDa and 2 ≤ DP ≤ 24. These results highlight the effectiveness of the controlled radical hydrolysis of alginate to produce good yields of alginate fractions with controlled Mw with a known polymerization degree (DP) and without altering properties of oligo-alginates. Bifurcaria bifurcata can be a potential source of alginate and oligo-alginates given its abundance on the northwest Atlantic coast. The production and characterization of oligo-alginates promote their exploitation in the cosmetic, pharmaceutic, and agriculture fields.
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Kıvılcımdan Moral, Ç., Ö. Doğan, and F. D. Sanin. "Use of laboratory-grown bacterial alginate in copper removal." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 2003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.101.

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Industrial production leads to toxic heavy metal pollution in water bodies. Copper is one of the examples that requires removal from effluents before being discharged. It is difficult and sometimes very expensive to remove toxic heavy metals by conventional treatment techniques. This study aims to remove copper by the use of bacterial alginate as a non-conventional technique. Bacterial alginates (natural polymers composed of mannuronic and guluronic acid monomers) were synthesized by Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC® 9046 in a laboratory fermentor under controlled environmental conditions. The alginates produced, with a range of different characteristics in terms of monomer distribution and viscosity, were investigated for maximum copper uptake capacities. The average copper uptake capacities of alginates produced were found to be about 1.90 mmol/L Cu2+/g alginate. Although the GG-block amount of alginates was varied from 12 to 87% and culture broth viscosities were changed within the range of 1.47 and 14 cP, neither the block distribution nor viscosities of alginate samples considerably affected the copper uptake of alginates.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alginates"

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Wilcox, Matthew David. "Bioactive alginates." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578262.

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Alginates are polysaccharides extracted from the cell walls of brown seaweed or from certain bacteria such as Azotobacter vinelandii. Alginates have been shown to reduce the activity of pepsin and initial data suggest that it may affect the activity of pancreatic lipase. Pancreatic lipase plays an important role in the breakdown of triacylglycerol, if the activity of pancreatic lipase can be reduced then the breakdown of triacylglycerol would be reduce which in turn would lower the amount absorbed by the body. A pharmaceutical treatment for obesity called orlistat inhibits lipase and accounts for 66% of all prescriptions for treatments for obesity in 2008 in the UK. However the side effects of orlistat (uncontrolled diarrhoea and steatorrhea) can reduce the compliance with the treatment. If orlistat is taken with a high fibre product it has been shown that this can greatly reduce or eliminate the side effects. Since alginate is a dietary fibre it is believed that this could be an effect treatment for obesity. Colourimetric and turbidimetric assays were used to determine the effect of a wide range of alginates and other dietary fibres on pancreatic lipase. Alginates have the ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, with a maximum inhibition of 72.2% (±9.9). Pectin could also inhibit lipase by a maximum of 71.8% (±22.3), however, specific enzymactically modified alginates could activate the enzyme by up to 22.0% (±10.1). Carrageenan and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose could also activate the enzyme by a maximum of 37.3% (±24.5). The structure of the alginate is key to the inhibition or activation of the enzyme. Consecutive guluronate residues are important for inhibition whereas alternating mannuronate and guluronate blocks are detrimental to inhibition. The alginate that activated the enzyme was almost entirely consisting of poly-alternating uronate residues. The level of esterification was important for pectins inhibition of lipase with higher levels causing little inhibition. Alginate causes sustained inhibition at low concentrations of biopolymer compared to pectin. Therefore alginate could play a potential role in the management of obesity. ii
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Nogueira, Marcela Tiemi. "Extração e caracterização de alginato de sódio da macroalga Sargassum cymosum C. Agardh /." Assis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150488.

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Orientadora: Ivanise Guilherme Branco
Banca: Cassia Roberta Malacrida Mayer
Banca: Izabel Cristina Freitas Moraes
Resumo: As algas marinhas pardas são as principais fontes de alginato de sódio utilizados na indústria alimentícia. O Brasil não possui o processamento de alginato, sendo assim dependente de produtos importados para suprir a demanda. A macroalga Sargassum sp. é comumente encontrada nas regiões costeiras do litoral de São Paulo, a extração de alginato dessa alga possibilitaria autonomia brasileira na produção de alginato de sódio. O meio ambiente e as condições climáticas em que as algas marinhas vivem influencia no rendimento de alginato, na massa molecular e na capacidade antioxidante. No primeiro capítulo foi realizado a otimização da extração de alginato de sódio por delineamento Box-Behnken e também o estudo da influência dos parâmetros de pH, temperatura e tempo de extração sobre o rendimento, viscosidade intrínseca e massa molecular. O pH influencia no rendimento, viscosidade intrínseca e massa molecular, enquanto que o tempo apresentou baixo efeito sobre o rendimento e a temperatura não influenciou nas respostas avaliadas. Os resultados da otimização mostraram que máximo rendimento (46,04%), viscosidade intrínseca (4,89 dL/g) e massa molecular (231,78 kDa) podem ser obtidos utilizando na extração a temperatura de 80°C, pH 10 por 90,08 minutos. No segundo capítulo foram estudados alginatos extraídos de Sargassum cymosum C. Agardh coletadas em duas localidades diferentes do litoral de São Paulo (Ubatuba-ASU e São Sebastião-ASS) com relação ao rendimento, massa molecular, compor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Brown seaweeds are the main sources of sodium alginate used in the food industry. Brazil doesn't have alginate processing, so it is dependent on imported products to supply the demand. The macroalgae Sargassum sp. is commonly found in the coastal regions of São Paulo, the extraction of alginate from this alga would allow Brazilian autonomy in the production of sodium alginate. The environment and climatic conditions in which marine algae live influence alginate yield, molecular weight and antioxidant capacity. In the first chapter, the optimization of the sodium alginate extraction by the Box-Behnken design was carried out, as well as the influence of pH, temperature and extraction time parameters on yield, intrinsic viscosity and viscosimetric molecular mass. pH influenced yield, intrinsic viscosity and molecular mass, while time had low effect and temperature did not influence the responses evaluated. The optimization results showed that maximum yield (46.04%), intrinsic viscosity (4.89 dL / g) and viscosimetric molecular weight (231.78 kDa) can be obtained using the extraction at temperature of 80 ° C, pH 10 and 90 minutes. In the second chapter, alginates extracted from Sargassum cymosum C. Agardh were studied in two different locations along the coast of São Paulo (Ubatuba-ASU and São Sebastião-SSA) and were studied the difference between them in the yield, molecular mass, rheological behavior and antioxidant activity. The yield presented higher values for the alginates ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Aarstad, Olav Andreas. "Alginate sequencing : Block distribution in alginates and its impact on macroscopic properties." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bioteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20246.

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Turbiani, Franciele Rezende Barbosa. "Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes ativos de alginato de sodio reticulados com benzoato de calcio." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266253.

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Orientador: Theo Guenter Kieckbusch
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Filmes biodegradáveis são produzidos a partir de polímeros naturais, principalmente polissacarídeos e proteínas, e tem potencial aplicação na área médica, farmacêutica e alimentícia. A incorporação de agentes ativos pode ampliar suas funções como embalagens antimicrobianas, por exemplo. Filmes foram confeccionados à base de alginato de sódio usando cloreto de cálcio como agente reticulante e glicerol como plastificante. O uso de benzoato de cálcio foi investigado como agente ativo (íons benzoato) e como auxiliar na reticulação (íons cálcio). Devido ao alto poder gelificante do Ca++, confeccionou-se, inicialmente, um filme de baixa reticulação a partir de soluções filmogênicas contendo até 0,54% de Ca++ (1º estágio). Esse filme sofreu uma reticulação complementar com excesso de Ca++ (2º estágio). Dentre os vários procedimentos avaliados (contato do filme com tecido e/ou esponja umidecidas, pincel ou rolo de pintura e imersão do filme em solução reticuladora), a simples imersão em solução contendo de 3 a 7% de CaCl2 no 2º estágio produziu filmes com alto grau de reticulação. O aumento da concentração de glicerol nessa solução melhora a manuseabilidade e plasticidade dos filmes, porém aumenta a solubilidade em água e o conteúdo de umidade dos mesmos e um adequado compromisso foi obtido usando 5% desse plastificante. Ensaios nos quais o CaCl2 foi substituído, total ou parcialmente, por benzoato de cálcio indicou que o mesmo não pode ser usado na solução do 2º estágio por favorecer a precipitação de cristais sobre o filme. Filmes ativos de 0,06 mm de espessura, pré-reticulados apenas com benzoato de cálcio e 0,7% de glicerol na solução do 1º estágio e imersos por 30 minutos em banho contendo 3% de CaCl2 e 5% de glicerol no 2º estágio, apresentaram baixa solubilidade em água (até 20% da matéria seca). Estes filmes têm baixo grau de intumescimento (< 50% da massa inicial), boa resistência mecânica à tração, mas baixa elasticidade. A permeabilidade ao vapor de água é moderada e os valores encontrados são típicos de biofilmes hidrofílicos. Ensaios de liberação de benzoato utilizando água como sorvedouro, apresentaram bom ajuste as soluções da 2ª Lei de Fick, com valores de difusividade efetiva do benzoato variando de 3 a 5.10-7 cm2/s. Os valores de difusividade diminuiram com o aumento da reticulação e aumentaram com o aumento da concentração de benzoato no filme
Abstract: Biodegradable films are produced from natural polymers, structurized mainly by polysaccharides or proteins, and have potential applications in the medical, pharmaceutical or food area. The incorporation of active agents can extend their application as antimicotic packaging, for instance. Films were manufactured with sodium alginate, using calcium chloride as cross-linking agent and glycerol as plasticizer. The use of calcium benzoate as active agent (benzoate ions) and as crosslinking agent (calcium ions) was investigated. Due to the strong gelling power of Ca++ ions, impeding smooth casting procedures, films with low reticulation are initially manufactured, using less than 0.54% Ca++ in the filmogenic solutions (1st stage). These films are further crosslinked with an excess of Ca++ by immersion in a solution of 3% to 7% of CaCl2 (2nd stage). Increasing the glycerol concentration in this solution improves the handling and plasticity of the films but increase water solubility and moisture content and an adequate compromise was obtained using 5% plasticizer. Tests conducted with partial or total substitution of CaCl2 by calcium benzoate indicated that the later could not be used in the 2nd stage solution since it promoted crystals precipitation on film surface. Active films, 0.06mm thick, pre-reticulated with calcium benzoate only and with 0.7% glycerol in the solution of the 1st stage, immersed for 30 minutes in a 3% CaCl2 and 5% glycerol solution (2nd stage) had around 17% moisture content and low water solubility (up to 20% of total dry mass). These films show low swelling degree (<50% of initial mass), good tension strength but low elongation ability. The water vapor permeability is moderate, typical of highly hydrophilic films. Benzoate liberation tests, using pure water as sink, presented good fit to solutions of Fick¿s 2nd law and effective diffusivities found varied from 4.2 to 6.3 × 10-7 cm2/s. The diffusivity values decreased with the degree of reticulation and increase with benzoate concentration in the film
Mestrado
Engenharia de Processos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Pires, Ana Luiza Resende 1984. "Desenvolvimento de curativos flexíveis e neutralizados de quitosana e alginato contendo Alphasan 'Marca Registra' RC2000." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266655.

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Orientador: Ângela Maria Moraes
Dissertação (mestrado-) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Polímeros biodegradáveis estão sendo amplamente aplicados na constituição de curativos para o tratamento de lesões de pele de diferentes origens, estando a quitosana e o alginato dentre os mais estudados. A associação de alginato e quitosana em curativos pode atuar de maneira positiva na absorção de fluidos das lesões, além de propiciar a incorporação de fármacos. Entretanto, a flexibilidade do dispositivo é baixa e o processo de obtenção é lento em função de etapas como a correção do pH para a neutralidade, secagem e reticulação. Neste trabalho teve-se por objetivo melhorar as propriedades mecânicas de membranas de quitosana e alginato pela incorporação de um gel de silicone comercial (Silpuran® 2130 A/B), avaliar os efeitos da correção do pH em etapa única, da temperatura de secagem e também da eliminação das etapas de reticulação nas características de membranas de quitosana e alginato na presença e ausência de AlphaSan®RC2000, um agente microbicida à base de prata. As membranas foram caracterizadas quanto à espessura, à absorção de fluidos, à perda de massa quando expostas a diferentes fluidos fisiológicos e à resistência mecânica. Análises complementares de FTIR e EDS também foram realizadas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as membranas secas a 60 °C apresentaram superfície mais lisa que as secas a 37 °C. A espessura diminuiu com a correção do pH para 7,0 e aumentou na presença de AlphaSan®RC2000. Para as formulações livres do antimicrobiano, a elevação do pH aumentou a absorção de soro fetal bovino e solução salina e aumentou também a perda de massa nesta última solução. Já as amostras obtidas na presença de AlphaSan® RC2000 apresentaram aumento na absorção de água. A elevação da temperatura reduziu somente a perda de massa após o contato com a água. A reticulação, após a secagem, com CaCl2 a 2% mostrou-se indispensável para a estabilização das membranas, resultando em materiais com aspecto mais rugoso e maior espessura. A absorção de fluidos, a estabilidade em diferentes fluidos e a resistência mecânica diminuíram tanto na presença quanto na ausência de prata. Análises por EDS e FTIR mostraram que tanto o AlphaSan® RC2000 quanto o Silpuran® 2130 A/B, não são removidos após a etapa de lavagem das membranas. As formulações contendo o composto siliconado apresentaram-se mais homogêneas, flexíveis e com maior caráter adesivo, assim como menor espessura. A absorção de soluções por estas formulações foi menor e a estabilidade em solução foi maior. A resistência mecânica aumentou significativamente com a incorporação de silicone, atingindo-se uma tensão de ruptura máxima de 63 MPa. Dessa forma, é viável a diminuição do tempo de processamento das membranas pelo ajuste do pH em etapa única, pelo uso de temperaturas mais elevadas de secagem e pela eliminação da etapa de reticulação primária. A incorporação de Silpuran® 2130 A/B mostrou-se uma boa alternativa para a melhora das propriedades mecânicas dos curativos de quitosana e alginato
Abstract: Biodegradable polymers are widely applied in the constitution of dressings for treating various types of skin lesions, being chitosan and alginate two of the most studied raw materials. The association between alginate and chitosan in wound dressings can act positively in the absorption of fluids from lesions, allowing also the incorporation of drugs. However, the device flexibility is frequently low and its production is time-consuming due to steps such as adjusting the pH to neutrality, sample drying and crosslinking. This study aimed to improve the mechanical properties of chitosan-alginate wound dressings by incorporating a commercial silicone gel (Silpuran® 2130 A/B) and to evaluate the effects of pH correction in one step, of the drying temperature and also of the elimination of the crosslinking steps in the characteristics of chitosan-alginate membranes obtained in the presence and absence of AlphaSan® RC2000, an antimicrobial agent containing silver in its composition. The membranes were characterized regarding thickness, absorption of fluids, mass loss in different fluids and mechanical resistance. Complementary analyzes of FTIR and EDS were also performed. The results showed that membranes dried at 60 °C presented smoother surfaces than when dried at 37 °C. Membrane thickness decreased with the correction of the pH to 7,0 and increased in the presence of AlphaSan® RC2000. For formulations free of the antimicrobial agent, the pH adjustment increased bovine fetal serum and saline solution absorption, increasing also sample mass loss in the latter solution. Devices containing AlphaSan® RC2000, on the other hand, had increased water absorption. The increase of drying temperature, however, reduced mass loss due to prolonged contact with water. The crosslinking with CaCl2 2% after a drying step was shown to be essential for membrane stabilization, conducting to materials with less smooth surfaces and with greater thickness. The absorption of fluids decreased for samples prepared both in the presence and absence of silver, as did membrane stability and mechanical properties. EDS and FTIR analyzes showed that both AlphaSan® RC2000 and Silpuran® 2130 A/B were not removed from the membranes after the washing step. The formulations incorporating the silicone compound showed more homogeneous surfaces, greater flexibility and adhesivity, as well as lower thickness. The solution absorption was lower and membrane stability was higher for those devices. The mechanical strength increased with the incorporation of silicone, reaching a maximum of 63 MPa. Thus, it is viable to decrease the processing time of the membranes by pH adjustment in a single step, through the use of higher temperatures during drying and by the eliminating of the primary crosslinking step. The incorporation of Silpuran® 2130 A/B proved to be a good alternative for the improvement of the mechanical properties of chitosan and alginate dressings
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos
Mestra em Engenharia Química
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Caswell, R. C. "Bacterial degradation of alginates." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234705.

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Yamashita, Camila. "Efeito da aplicação de ozônio na qualidade de alginato extraído de algas pardas : (Sargassum spp.) /." Assis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181871.

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Orientadora: Ivanise Guilherme Branco
Banca: Cassia Roberta Malacrida Mayer
Banca: Izabel Cristina Freitas Moraes
Resumo: O alginato, presente na parede celular das algas marinhas pardas, apresenta coloração marrom, sendo necessário seu branqueamento para melhor aceitabilidade do mercado consumidor. O gás ozônio (O3) tem mostrado grande potencial de aplicabilidade como agente clareador mais sustentável. O presente estudo visa a otimização, utilizando a análise de superfície de resposta, dos parâmetros de clareamento (tempo, fluxo de oxigênio e temperatura), utilizando ozônio como agente branqueador, sobre os parâmetros colorimétricos (porcentagem de transmitância e índice de luminosidade), composição química (razão entre os ácidos manurônico (M) e gulurônico (G) M/G) e propriedades reológicas (viscosidade dinâmica, viscosidade intrínseca e massa molar) do alginato de sódio extraído de algas pardas (Sargassum spp.). Nas condições otimizadas de clareamento também foi verificada a influência da ozonização sobre a atividade antioxidante do alginato. O tempo é a variável independente que apresentou maior influência nas respostas, seguido da temperatura e fluxo de oxigênio. A condição otimizada encontrada foi um tratamento com fluxo de oxigênio de 2 L/min por 35 minutos à 25oC. A amostra clareada na condição otimizada apresentou capacidade antioxidante maior que a amostra comercial, indicando que o processo de clareamento por ozonização pode ser menos prejudicial aos compostos bioativos. Além disso, os antioxidantes naturais presentes no alginato de sódio aqui estudado podem agregar valor aos produtos que utilizam esse composto em preparações alimentícias
Abstract: Alginate is a polysaccharide which can be found in the cell wall of brown algae. Its original color is brown that is why a bleaching process is needed to improve this visual impairment. The ozone gas (O3) has shown a great potential as a more sustainable bleaching agent. The present study aims the optimization of bleaching parameters (time, oxygen flow rate and temperature) of sodium alginate from brown seaweeds (Sargassum spp.) using ozone gas as the bleaching agent on the colorimetrics parameters (percent transmittance and index of luminosity), chemical compositon (mannuronic (M) and guluronic (G) acid ratio M/G) and rheological properties (intrinsic viscosity, dynamic viscosity and molar mass). Once it was found the optimal conditions of bleaching, it was also verified the influence of ozonation on antioxidant activity of sodium alginate. The findings point out that ozonation time is the independent variable that most affects the responses, followed by the temperature and oxygen flow rate. The optimized bleaching conditions were determinated with an oxygen flow rate at 2 L/min, during 35 min at 25oC. The bleached sample on the optimized conditions presented a higher antioxidant capacity than the commercial sodium alginate sample, highlighting that the discoloration by ozone might be less harmful to bioactive compounds. Besides, natural antioxidants of sodium alginate can add value to products that use this compound in food preparations
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Chater, Peter. "Bioactive alginates and macronutrient digestion." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2460.

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Macronutrient digestion is a major factor in health and metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes and presents a huge global challenge. Modulating macronutrient digestion with food additives and pharmaceuticals has been shown to be a fruitful approach to the treatment of obesity (Orlistat) and diabetes (Acarbose). Previous work has shown that bioactive agents have novel modulatory effects on the major enzymes of digestion, and work in this lab has shown that specific alginates can inhibit pancreatic lipase up to 70%. Alginates are now being investigated as a potential anti-obesity agent. The purpose of this thesis was to develop in vitro methodologies and an analytical approach for investigating the effects of exogenous compounds on the major digestive enzymes; -amylase, pepsin, trypsin, and lipase. A 3-step process was developed consisting of; higher-throughput single enzyme analysis, selected enzyme kinetics and model gut analysis. Alginates were shown to inhibit the action of pepsin, but have no effect on trypsin activity in vitro. The structure of alginate is key to the inhibition of pepsin, and rheological and viscometric data suggested that this effect was due to a pH dependent interaction between alginate and protein substrate as well as direct enzyme-inhibitor interactions. A similar effect was observed with Fucoidan and sulphated carrageenans. In the model gut analysis, these effects manifested as inhibition of proteolysis in the simulated gastric phase, but not in the small-intestinal phase. Alginates were shown to increase the activity of α-amylase during in vitro single enzyme analysis, but have no significant affect on carbohydrate digestion in a model gut simulation. Fat digestion in the model gut simulation was inhibited by specific alginates, adding further weight to the potential use of alginates as a therapeutic treatment of obesity.
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Cruz, Maria Clara Pinto. "Influencia do poli(etileno glicol) (PEG) no processo de microencapsulação da oxitetraciclina no sistema alginato/quitosana : modelamento "in vitro' da liberação oral." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267677.

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Orientadores: Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei, Sergio Persio Ravagnani
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Quimica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho as análises de difusão de oxitetracilina (OTC) como espécie ativa, foram realizadas a 37 +/- 0,5 °C; em soluções tampão pH=7,4 e 1,2, condições estas similar ao trato gastro-intestinal, com microesferas de alginato de cálcio; microcápsulas de alginato de cálcio coacervado com quitosana (baixa, média e alta viscosidade); microcápsulas de alginato de cálcio coacervada com a quitosana baixa viscosidade, e revestidas com o polietileno glicol - PEG (2000, 4600 e 10000); microcápsulas de alginato de cálcio revestidas com o PEG e, finalmente, microcápsulas de alginato de cálcio revestidas com EUDRAGIT®. Na primeira parte do trabalho, priorizou-se o estudo da estrutura, sequência e composição das unidades repetitivas dos biopolímeros alginato e quitosana, as quais certamente exercem profunda influência na liberação controlada do fármaco. Na segunda parte, o coeficiente de difusão (D) de OTC foi calculado através de equações estabelecidas por Crank, para difusão em esferas, que seguem a segunda lei de Fick. Considerou-se a difusão do interior para o exterior das micropartículas, utilizando o método dos mínimos quadrados e método iterativo de Newton Raphson para ajuste dos dados. Foi verificado que o modelo matemático para a difusão de OTC tem uma representatividade muito boa em meio básico, mesmo com o efeito de disparo de OTC em forma de cristais alojados na superfície das micropartículas, conforme observado por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). No entanto, em meio ácido, o ajuste não foi o esperado, pois fatores como a alta solubilidade do fármaco no meio; além da presença de fissuras nas microesferas, devido aos cristais na superfície, contribuíram para que o perfil desviasse do obtido em outros meios, resultando em um comportamento não-Fickiano. Finalmente, observou-se a possibilidade de modulação da velocidade de liberação nos diversos tipos de microesferas
Abstract: Diffusion studies of oxytetracycline (OTC) entrapped in microbeads of calcium alginate, calcium alginate coacerved with chitosan (high, medium and low viscosity) and calcium alginate coacerved with chitosan low viscosity, covered with Poly (ethylene glycol) - PEG (2 000, 4 600 and 10 000) and alginate covered with EUORAGITI®, were carried out at 37 +/- 0.5 °C, in buffer solutions at pH 7.4 and pH 1.2, similar to the conditions of the gastric-intestinal system. The diffusion coefficient, or diffusivity (D), of OTC was calculated by equations provided by Crank for diffusion, which follows Fick's second law, considering the diffusion from the inner parts to the surface of the microbeads. The least square and the Newton Raphson methods were used to obtain the diffusion coefficients. The microbeads swelling in pH 7.4 and OTC diffusion is classically Fickian, suggesting that the OTC transport, in this case, is controlled by the exchange rates of free water and relaxation of calcium-alginate chains. In case of acid media, it was observed that the phenomenon did not follow Fick's law, due probably to the high solubility of the OTC in this environment and the presence of cracks formed during the drying process of the microbeads. It was possible to model the release rate of OTC in several types of microbeads
Doutorado
Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais
Doutor em Engenharia Química
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Sacchetin, Priscila Soares Costa. "Incorporação de Flavobacterium columnare inativado em microparticulas de alginato e quitosana para a imunização de tilapia do Nilo (Oreochromis Niloticus) por via oral." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267175.

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Orientador: Angela Maria Moraes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universadade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: A imunização oral destaca-se por sua praticidade, custo moderado e ao baixo estresse que provoca nos animais. Esta técnica possui como principal entrave a dificuldade de proteger o agente de imunização dos processos digestivos e da decomposição por enzimas às quais este é submetido durante a passagem pelo trato gastrointestinal. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo propiciar ao agente antigênico um sistema de proteção frente à ação de degradação no trato gastrointestinal. Para isso, propôs-se a incorporação de um antígeno-modelo (células inativadas de Flavobacterium columnare) em partículas de alginato e de quito sana recobertas com alginato preparadas por métodos passíveis de escalonamento baseados na formação de emulsões. Aspectos como a temperatura, o uso de diferentes impelidores, a alteração na concentração dos biopolímeros no diâmetro e na forma das micropartículas produzidas foram avaliadas. O comportamento in vitro destes sistemas microestruturados, sua estabilidade e o perfil de liberação do agente antigênico foram também analisados. Micropartículas com diâmetros médios inferiores a 50 µm foram obtidas. As micropartículas de alginato foram capazes de encapsular praticamente 100% das células inativadas, enquanto que as de quito sana incorporaram até 84% do agente antigênico. As partículas produzidas resistiram às condições gastrointestinais simuladas de tilápia do Nilo, liberando um máximo de 4% do antígeno em pH estomacal e de 9% em pH intestinal. As partículas produzidas poderiam, desta forma, ser eficientemente empregadas, hipoteticamente, no controle de columnariose em tilápias do Nilo
Abstract: Oral immunization is a practical and low cost fish vaccination method with the advantage of causing low stress to the animals. The main concern regarding oral vaccination is related to protecting the immunizing agent from exposure to the digestive processes and enzymatic decomposition when crossing the gastrointestinal tract. In this context, the goal of this work was to provide a protection system to the antigenic agent when facing degradation action in gastrointestinal conditions. Thus, the incorporation of a model antigen (inactivated Flavobacterium columnare cells) in alginate micropartic1es and also in chitosan micropartic1es coated with alginate was evaluated, using methods suited to up-scaling based on emulsion formation. Aspects such as temperature, the use of distinct impellers and the variation on the biopolymers concentration in the diameter and shape of the produced micropartic1es were analyzed. The microstructured system behavior in vitro, its stability and the antigenic agent release profile were also evaluated. Microparticles with less than 50 µm in average diameter were produced. The alginate microparticles were capable of encapsulating almost 100% of the inactivated cells, while the chitosan micropartic1es incorporated up to 84% of the antigenic agent. The produced partic1es were resistant to Nile tilapia simulated gastrointestinal conditions, releasing at most 4% of the cells in stomach pH and less than 9% in intestinal pH. The produced partic1es, in this way, could be successfully employed, hypothetically, to control Nile tilapia columnariosis
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Books on the topic "Alginates"

1

Ahmed, Shakeel, ed. Alginates. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.

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McDowell, R. H. Properties of alginates. 5th ed. London: Kelco International, 1986.

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Rehm, Bernd H. A., ed. Alginates: Biology and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92679-5.

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Gacesa, P., and N. J. Russell, eds. Pseudomonas Infection and Alginates. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1836-8.

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Ahmad, Fasihuddin Badruddin. Physicochemical characterisation of alginates. Salford: University of Salford, 1987.

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Rehm, Bernd H. A., and M. Fata Moradali, eds. Alginates and Their Biomedical Applications. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6910-9.

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Imeson, A. P. Alginates and xanthan in food. [Manchester?: Manchester Polytechnic Department of Food Manufacture and Distribution?, 1985.

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(Firm), NutraSweet Kelco, and Monsanto, eds. Alginates, xanthan gum & gellan gum seminar. Tadworth, Surrey: NutraSweet Kelco and Monsanto, 1998.

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P, Gacesa, and Russell Nicholas J, eds. Pseudomonas infection and alginates: Biochemistry, genetics, and pathology. London: Chapman and Hall, 1990.

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Jana, Sougata, and Subrata Jana, eds. Alginate Biomaterial. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6937-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alginates"

1

Sehgal, Rutika, Akshita Mehta, and Reena Gupta. "Alginates: General Introduction and Properties." In Alginates, 1–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch1.

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Antil, Reena, Ritu Hooda, Minakshi Sharm, and Pushpa Dahiya. "Alginate-Based Biomaterials for Bio-Medical Applications." In Alginates, 179–204. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch10.

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Theagarajan, Radhika, Sayantani Dutta, J. A. Moses, and C. Anandharamakrishnan. "Alginates for Food Packaging Applications." In Alginates, 205–32. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch11.

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Vijayalakshmi, S., S. K. Sivakamasundari, J. A. Moses, and C. Anandharamakrishnan. "Potential Application of Alginates in the Beverage Industry." In Alginates, 233–61. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch12.

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Ravi, Ashwini, S. Vijayanand, Velu Rajeshkannan, S. Aisverya, K. Sangeetha, P. N. Sudha, and J. Hemapriya. "Alginates in Comestibles." In Alginates, 263–79. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch13.

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Ravi, Ashwini, S. Vijayanand, G. Ramya, A. Shyamala, Velu Rajeshkannan, S. Aisverya, P. N. Sudha, and J. Hemapriya. "Alginates: Current Uses and Future Perspective." In Alginates, 281–312. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch14.

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Pandit, Pintu, T. N. Gayatri, and Baburaj Regubalan. "Alginates Production, Characterization and Modification." In Alginates, 21–43. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch2.

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Arfin, Tanvir, and Kamini Sonawane. "Alginate: Recent Progress and Technological Prospects." In Alginates, 45–57. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch3.

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Jose, Ajith James, Kavya Mohan, and Alice Vavachan. "Alginate Hydrogel and Aerogel." In Alginates, 59–77. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch4.

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Costa, Luiz Pereira da. "Alginate in Biomedical Applications." In Alginates, 79–93. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119487999.ch5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alginates"

1

Roufaida, Merir. "Colon specific delivery system based on ethylcellulose-alginates microspheres loaded with mesalazine." In 7th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2021-11500.

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Frias, E., and M. Valdes. "397 Accelerated pneumoconiosis by alginates in a worker in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry. case report." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1289.

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Baroni, Tommaso, Silvana Capella, Francesco Di Benedetto, Elena Belluso, Giordano Montegrossi, Maurizio Romanelli, and Fabio Capacci. "Preliminary mineralogical and morphological characterisation of dental alginates on the light of silica health hazard." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.5100.

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Le Vot, S., J. Berthier, N. David, G. Costa, M. Alessio, V. Mourier, P. Y. Benhamou, and F. Rivera. "Scaling rules for flow focusing devices: From standard to large FFDs for cell encapsulation in alginates." In TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2009.5285655.

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Suzery, Meiny, Bambang Cahyono, Widayat, and Lina Apriliana. "Encapsulation of hyptolide coated alginate, chitosan, and alginate-chitosan." In VIII INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL CONFERENCE “INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ENGINEERING” (ICITE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106801.

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Adjuik, Toby A., Sue E. Nokes, and Michael D. Montross. "Lignin-alginate-based Biopolymers for the Bioencapsulation of Rhizobium." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ojme7252.

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Cell immobilization provides a physical protection for viable Rhizobial cells in a confined carrier material allowing for the cells’ slow release into the environment. While several petroleum-based polymers have been tested for encapsulating microbes, they are often less biodegradable in the environment and may adversely affect viability of cells. One material that is biobased and has been underutilized for Rhizobium cell carriers is lignin. The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using lignin-alginate biopolymers with a starch additive to bioencapsulate and release Rhizobium cells.Rhizobium cells were bioencapsulated into the lignin-alginate starch beads and their efficiency i.e [(log of number of cells in wet beads/log of number of cells in solution matrix) x 100%] and release kinetics were determined. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were also used to investigate the surface morphology of the beads. Our results show that all variations (alginate, lignin-alginate, and lignin-alginate with starch additive) of the wet bioencapsulated beads achieved a similar efficiency 97%. However, the presence of starch in the lignin-alginate beads increased the survival of Rhizobium cells after drying from 61 to 84% compared to only alginate encapsulation. These results imply that lignin, a readily available biopolymer is a potential component for the manufacture of carrier materials for encapsulating Rhizobium cells.
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Jarvis, P. M., D. A. J. Galvin, S. D. Blair, and C. N. McCollum. "HOW DOES CALCIUM ALGINATE ACHIEVE HAEMOSTASIS IN SURGERY?" In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643074.

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Calcium alginate (Kaltostat, Cair Ltd) is a new absorbable material for topical haemostasis in surgery. The possible mode of action, release of calcium ions in exchange for sodium was investigated in human blood.Calcium release was measured in 15 mg samples of calcium alginate placed in 20 ml of 0.9% saline, for intervals of 1, 3 or 10 minutes. To assess the effect on platelets, 3 mg of calcium alginate or surgical gauze were added to 5 ml of Heparinised (100 units) fresh blood for 2 minutes and platelet counts then made using plain blood as a control. Finally using a thrombelastograph, the activation of whole blood coagulation was assessed after a 2 minute contact with 3 mg of calcium alginate, surgical gauze or no additive as control.When calcium alginate was placed in saline, 26% of calcium ions were released in 1 minute giving a calcium ion concentration of 4.62 t 0.02 mmol/L, with only slight further release after 10 minutes to 4.82 ± 0.004 mmol/L. There was a corresponding decrease in sodium ion concentration. Adding calcium alginate to whole blood reduced the platelet count from a control value of 248 i 16 × 109/L to 222 f 15 × 109/L (p< 0.05) compared to 241 ± 15 × 109/L for surgical gauze. Similarly calcium alginate shortened whole blood coagulation time from 17-7 i 1.0 minutes control, to 12.9 ± 1-32 mins (p< 0.001) compared to 15.0 ± 1.5 mins (p< 0.02) for surgical gauze.Calcium alginate rapidly releases calcium ions in exchange for sodium on contact with blood stimulating both platelet activation and whole blood coagulation, significantly more than simple contact activation by surgical gauze.
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Li, Xiangpeng, Jihua Gou, and Olusegun J. Ilegbusi. "Synthesis-Structure-Property Relationship for Ultra-Soft Tissue-Equivalent Alginate Hydrogel." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70392.

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Abstract Alginate hydrogels have properties that are similar to extra cellular matrix (ECM). Thus, their mechanical behavior approximates soft tissue, which makes them desirable for production of tissue-equivalent soft deformable structures. This study aims to determine the synthesis-structure-property relationship for alginate hydrogel with Young’s modulus in the range of 100∼101 kPa, equivalent to that of human lung tissue. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymers with 3D network. Homogeneous alginate hydrogels are synthesized by direct mixture of sodium alginate and CaCO3, followed by the addition of D-glucono-δ-lactone to initiate in-situ Ca2+ release and gelation. The influence of alginate concentration and molar ratio of the constituent calcium ion to carboxyl group are evaluated while the Young’s modulus of the hydrogel is carefully controlled within the desired range. Elongation testing is performed to determine the initial-stage Young’s modulus of the material. FTIR is used to characterize the influence of synthesis parameters on the chemical bonds. Empirical relations are established between synthesis parameters and the mechanical property. The result of the study will be subsequently used to guide the additive manufacturing of soft deformable structures based on alginate hydrogels.
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Yan, Jingyuan, Hemanth Gudapati, Yong Huang, and Changxue Xu. "Effect of Sodium Alginate Concentration During Laser-Assisted Printing of Alginate Tubes." In ASME/ISCIE 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2012-7253.

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For the free-form fabrication of various tissue constructs, three-dimensional (3D) additive printing technology has emerged as a promising approach for organ fabrication. This study aims to print a tube structure using a laser-assisted orifice-free printing technique and further investigate the effect of sodium alginate concentration on the tube wall thickness. Alginate tubes have been successfully printed. It is found that highly viscous materials can be laser printed into well-defined tube structures. A higher concentration solution such as the 8% sodium alginate solution leads to a thin wall, meaning a better resolution. Imaging analysis also illustrates that higher concentration solutions help develop smooth, slim jets upon the incidence of laser pulse.
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Starly, Binil, Shih-Feng Lan, and David Schmidtke. "Customized Release of Metronidazole From Composite Casted Rings of Poly-Caprolactone/Alginate for Periodontal Drug Delivery." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14177.

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Dental implants provide support for dental crowns and bridges by serving as abutments for the replacement of missing teeth. The objective of this study was to demonstrate a novel method of controlled localized delivery of antibacterial agents to an implant site using a custom fabricated ring. The study involved incorporating a model antibacterial agent (metronidazole) into custom designed Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Alginate (PCL/Alginate) composite rings to produce the intended controlled release profile. In vitro release studies indicate that pure (100%) alginate rings exhibited an expected burst release of metronidazole in the first few hours, whereas Alginate/PCL composite rings produced a medium burst release followed by a sustained release for a period greater than 4 weeks. By varying the PCL/Alginate weight ratios, we have shown that we can control the amount of antibacterial agents released to provide the minimal inhibitory concentration needed for adequate protection. The developed system demonstrates a controllable drug release profile and the potential for the ring to inhibit bacterial biofilm growth for the prevention of diseases such as peri-implantitis resulting from bacterial infection at the implant site.
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Reports on the topic "Alginates"

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Fernando, P. U. Ashvin Iresh, Rebecca Crouch, Bobbi Stromer, Travis Thornell, Johanna Jernberg, and Erik Alberts. Scaled-up synthesis of water-retaining alginate-based hydrogel. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48032.

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Synthesis of a scaled-up version of a lithium-ion-based alginate/poly(acrylamide-co-stearyl methacrylate) [Li-alginate/P(AAm-co-SMA)] hydrogel with several optimizations for thermal signature investigations on various environmental substrates.
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Yoncheva, Krassimira. Benefits and Perspectives of Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan and Sodium Alginate. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.03.01.

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Gerstl, Zev, Thomas L. Potter, David Bosch, Timothy Strickland, Clint Truman, Theodore Webster, Shmuel Assouline, Baruch Rubin, Shlomo Nir, and Yael Mishael. Novel Herbicide Formulations for Conservation-Tillage. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591736.bard.

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The overall objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate novel formulations, which reduce herbicide leaching and enhance agronomic efficacy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CsT promotes environmental quality and enhances sustainable crop production, yet continued use of CsT-practices appears threatened unless cost effective alternative weed control practices can be found. The problem is pressing in the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the eastern USA where cotton and peanut are produced extensively. This research addressed needs of the region’s farmers for more effective weed control practices for CsT systems. HUJI: CRFs for sulfentrazone and metolachlor were developed and tested based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles on montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic and nonionic organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release compared to the commercial formulations. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduced leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations. ARO: Two types of CRFs were developed: polymer-clay beads and powdered formulations. Sand filter experiments were conducted to determine the release of the herbicide from the CRFs. The concentration of metolachlor in the initial fractions of the effluent from the commercial formulation reached rather high values, whereas from the alginate-clay formulations and some of the powdered formulations, metolachlor concentrations were low and fairly constant. The movement of metolachlor through a sandy soil from commercial and alginate-clay formulations showed that the CRFs developed significantly reduced the leaching of metolachlor in comparison to the commercial formulation. Mini-flume and simulated rainfall studies indicated that all the CRFs tested increased runoff losses and decreased the amount of metolachlor found in the leachate. ARS: Field and laboratory investigations were conducted on the environmental fate and weed control efficacy of a commercially available, and two CRFs (organo-clay and alginate-encapsulated) of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor. The environmental fate characteristics and weed control efficacy of these products were compared in rainfall simulations, soil dissipations, greenhouse efficacy trials, and a leaching study. Comparisons were made on the basis of tillage, CsT, and conventional, i.e no surface crop residue at planting (CT). Strip-tillage (ST), a commonly used form of CsT, was practiced. The organo-clay and commercial metolachlor formulations behaved similarly in terms of wash off, runoff, soil dissipation and weed control efficacy. No advantage of the organo-clay over the commercial metolachlor was observed. Alginate encapsulated metolachlor was more promising. The dissipation rate for metolachlor when applied in the alginate formulation was 10 times slower than when the commercial product was used inferring that its use may enhance weed management in cotton and peanut fields in the region. In addition, comparison of alginate and commercial formulations showed that ST can effectively reduce the runoff threat that is commonly associated with granular herbicide application. Studies also showed that use of the alginate CRF has the potential to reduce metolachlor leaching. Overall study findings have indicated that use of granular herbicide formulations may have substantial benefit for ST-system weed management for cotton and peanut production under Atlantic Coastal Plain conditions in the southeastern USA. Commercial development and evaluation at the farm scale appears warranted. Products will likely enhance and maintain CsT use in this and other regions by improving weed control options.
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Restrepo-Villamizar, Claudia Elena. Guía práctica para la toma de impresión en alginato. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcgp.18.

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Shpigel, Muki, Allen Place, William Koven, Oded (Odi) Zmora, Sheenan Harpaz, and Mordechai Harel. Development of Sodium Alginate Encapsulation of Diatom Concentrates as a Nutrient Delivery System to Enhance Growth and Survival of Post-Larvae Abalone. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586480.bard.

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The major bottlenecks in rearing the highly priced gastropod abalone (Haliotis spp.) are the slow growth rate and the high mortality during the first 8 to 12 weeks following metamorphosis and settling. The most likely reason flor these problems is related to nutritional deficiencies in the diatom diet on which the post larvae (PL) feed almost exclusively in captivity. Higher survival and improved growth rate will reduce the considerable expense of hatchery-nursery resisdence time and thereflore the production costs. BARD supported our research for one year only and the support was given to us in order to prove that "(1) Abalone PL feed on encapsulated diatoms, and (2) heterotrophic diatoms can be mass produced." In the course of this year we have developed a novel nutrient delivery system specifically designed to enhance growth and survival of post-larval abalone. This approach is based on the sodium-alginate encapsulation of heterotrophically grown diatoms or diatom extracts, including appetite-stimulating factors. Diatom species that attract the PL and promote the highest growth and survival have been identified. These were also tested by incorporating them (either intact cells or as cell extracts) into a sodium-alginate matrix while comparing the growth to that achieved when using diatoms (singel sp. or as a mixture). A number of potential chemoattractants to act as appetite-stimulating factors for abalone PL have been tested. Preliminary results show that the incorporation of the amino acid methionine at a level of 10-3M to the sodim alginate matrix leads to a marked enhancement of growth. The results ol these studies provided basic knowledge on the growth of abalone and showed that it is possible to obtain, on a regular basis, survival rates exceeding 10% for this stage. Prior to this study the survival rates ranged between 2-4%, less than half of the values achieved today. Several diatom species originated from the National Center for Mariculture (Nitzchia laevis, Navicula lenzi, Amphora T3, and Navicula tennerima) and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083, 2084, 2085, 2086 and 2087 UTEX strains, Austin TX) were tested for heterotrophic growth. Axenic colonies were initially obtained and following intensive selection cycles and mutagenesis treatments, Amphora T3, Navicula tennerima and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083 UTEX strain) were capable of growing under heterotrophic conditions and to sustain highly enriched mediums. A highly efficient selection procedure as well as cost effective matrix of media components were developed and optimized. Glucose was identified as the best carbon source for all diatom strains. Doubling times ranging from 20-40 h were observed, and stable heterotroph cultures at a densities range of 103-104 were achieved. Although current growth rates are not yet sufficient for full economical fermentation, we estimate that further selections and mutagenesis treatments cycles should result in much faster growing colonies suitable for a fermentor scale-up. As rightfully pointed out by one of the reviewers, "There would be no point in assessing the optimum levels of dietary inclusions into micro-capsules, if the post-larvae cannot be induced to consume those capsules in the first place." We believe that the results of the first year of research provide a foundationfor the continuation of this research following the objectives put forth in the original proposal. Future work should concentrate on the optimization of incorporation of intact cells and cell extracts of the developed heterotrophic strains in the alginate matrix, as well as improving this delivery system by including liposomes and chemoattractants to ensure food consumption and enhanced growth.
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Cerdá-Bernad, Débora, Ioanna Pitterou, Andromachi Tzani, Anastasia Detsi, and María José Frutos. Novel chitosan/alginate hydrogels as carriers of phenolic-enriched extracts from saffron floral by-products using natural deep eutectic solvents as green extraction media. Peeref, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2306p2939837.

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Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh, and Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.

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Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784
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