Journal articles on the topic 'Algerians – France – Social conditions'
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1
Kuznetsov, V. A., and A. I. Vasilenko. "Reading Stora Carefully: Problems of Historical Memory in Algerian-French Relations in the Early 2020s." Journal of International Analytics 14, no. 2 (August 3, 2023): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-2-73-96.
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The article is devoted to the problem of the colonial past in Algerian-French relations. In the early 2020s, it gained particular urgency for three reasons. Firstly, in the context of the transformation of the global world order and the deep social cleavages that have engulfed both many Eastern and Western societies, issues of historical memory, external and internal decolonization began to come to the fore both in public discussions within individual states and in international relations. Secondly, the coming to power in France of E. Macron marked an attempt at a serious transformation of the country’s foreign policy, strengthening its position in the world as a whole, and in the region of the Middle East and North Africa, in particular. Related to this were the (mostly unsuccessful) initiatives of E. Macron on the Palestinian-Israeli and Libyan settlements, the Lebanese crisis, and the resolution of accumulated contradictions with Algeria. Thirdly, A. Tebboune’s coming to power in Algeria in 2019 also gave impetus to the country’s foreign policy and created the conditions for revising relations with France. In these circumstances, the idea arose of preparing reports by the two sides on the possibilities of overcoming the negative colonial legacy in bilateral relations. The Algerian side did not submit the report, and the French text was prepared by B. Stora by January 2021 and caused wide response. The purpose of this article is to determine, based on the analysis of this text and the materials of the discussions that followed it, the French vision of the problem of reconciliation with Algeria. The article was written using the method of “slow reading” of the source - its main part is a detailed analysis of the report by B. Stor, followed by a review of the discussion he caused. The result of this approach is the identification of not only the widely discussed contradictions in matters of historical memory (both between Algeria and France, and within French society), but also the identification of some non-obvious problems of the French perception of this problem.
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Kuznetsova, Valeria. "HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF MIGRATION RELATIONS BETWEEN ALGERIA AND FRANCE IN THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE OF ALGERIA." Russia and the moslem world, no. 3 (2021): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rmw/2021.03.09.
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From the end of the 19th century to 1962, Algerian presence in France became part of more than a centenary history. The early and significant migration flow of Algerian colonists to the metropolis began in the second half of the 19th century. Until 1962, Algerians were not called foreigners, but first “aborigines,” then “French subjects,” and then “French Muslims of Algeria.” Close relationship between Algeria and France, the metropolis and the colony, oppressors and oppressed, can be traced in the culture of both states and the peculiarities of social structures throughout large-scale historical strata. The peculiarities of this close unity, manifested in migration relations, among other things, encourage the colony to fight for its independence.
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Kozakowski, Michael A. "The Skills of Citizenship." French Historical Studies 46, no. 4 (November 1, 2023): 583–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-10713975.
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Abstract This article analyzes the history of adult vocational training (AVT) programs for Algerian migrants, funded by the French state, between the end of World War II in 1945 and the aftermath of Algerian independence in 1962. These programs responded to the postwar expansion of citizenship and rights of indigenous Algerians, including rights to migrate and to take jobs in metropolitan France. Across changing governments and diverse ministries, French officials were convinced that vocational training was necessary for indigenous Algerians to find stable employment, to mitigate the supposed risks of migration, and to enable migrants to transform themselves into an idealized version of the French citizen. The widespread adoption of AVT for Algerian migrants calls into question the pervasive image of the unskilled, interchangeable migrant. At the same time, the shortcomings of AVT programs shed light on how migrants frequently contributed to postwar economic expansion and economic modernization while enjoying the fruits of economic growth only meagerly and on an individual basis. More broadly, this study reveals the importance of skill, industry, and labor in French postwar conceptions of (social) citizenship.
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Narcis, Stéphane. "'Are you scared of being Muslim?' 100% Arabica and the influence of raï music in defining Beur communities in France." Performing Islam 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 129–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pi_00008_4.
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Abstract Raï music has evolved significantly over the last few decades, gaining an increasingly popular following in France. This music genre was prominently featured in Mahmoud Zammouri's film, 100% Arabica (1997). Previous analyses of raï music have suggested that this genre symbolizes Algerians' identity and their cultural tendency towards cynicism. This article attempts to refine that conclusion. Relationships between the characters of this film, the treatments of their gender roles and the depiction of their relationships to Islamic practices and cultural identity are all examined through the lens of anthropological diffusionism and social conflict. The results imply that when raï music is used as a Muslim cultural activity, this genre empowers and shapes identity among the Beur communities in France. However, the results also reveal how raï music facilitates cultural expression that can corrupt many of the core values held by Islam.
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Harris, Dustin Alan. "A “Capital of Hope and Disappointments”." French Politics, Culture & Society 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 48–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2022.400103.
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This article traces the history of specialized social housing for North African families living in shantytowns in Marseille from the early 1950s to the mid-1970s. During the Algerian War, social housing assistance formed part of a welfare network that exclusively sought to “integrate” Algerian migrants into French society. Through shantytown clearance and rehousing initiatives, government officials and social service providers encouraged shantytown-dwelling Algerian families to adopt the customs of France’s majority White population. Following the Algerian War, France moved away from delivering Algerian-focused welfare and instead developed an expanded immigrant welfare network. Despite this shift, some officials and social service providers remained fixated on the presence and ethno-racial differences of Algerians and other North Africans in Marseille’s shantytowns. Into the mid-1970s, this fixation shaped local social assistance and produced discord between the promise and implementation of specialized social housing that hindered shantytown-dwelling North African families’ incorporation into French society.
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Zholudeva, Natal’ya R., and Sergey A. Vasyutin. "Employment Problems of Muslim Migrants in France (Exemplified by Paris). Part 1." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 6 (December 20, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v137.
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The first part of the article briefly covers the history of immigration to France, social conflicts associated with migrants, and the results of French research on discrimination of immigrants in employment. In spite of the high unemployment rate, compared with other European Union countries, France remains one of the centres of migration and receives a significant number of migrants and refugees every year. The origins of immigration to France go back to the mid-19th century. Initially, it was mainly for political reasons, in order to find a job or receive an education. Between the First and the Second World Wars, France accepted both political (e.g. from Russia, Germany and Spain) and labour migrants (from Africa and Indo-China). After World War II, the French government actively invited labour migrants from the French colonies, primarily, from North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco). When the Algerian War ended, the Harkis – Algerians who served in the French Army – found refuge in France. By the late 1960s, the Moroccan and Tunisian communities were formed. Up to the 1980s, labour migration was predominant. However, with time, the share of refugees and those who wanted to move to France with their families started to increase. This caused a growing social and political tension in French society resulting in conflicts (e.g. the 2005 riots in Paris). Moreover, the numerous terrorist attacks and the migration crisis of 2014–2016 had a particularly negative impact on the attitude towards migrants. All these issues have to a certain extent affected the employment of the Muslim population in France.
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Rousseau, Sandra. "Ali Dilem: Artivisme algérien et mémoire comique." International Journal of Francophone Studies 23, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2020): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfs_00008_1.
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This article analyses Algerian cartoonist Ali Dilem’s drawings from the first years of the décennie noire and contrasts them with his productions from the early months of 2019, when the Algerian demonstrators of the hirak ousted President Bouteflika. Dilem’s career – spanning over 30 years – has made him a staple of Algerian and European news, whether in newspapers or on TV. Both popular and prolific, Dilem produces cartoons that illustrate what I call ‘comic memory’, a recording and remembering of the past through humour. A diachronic analysis of this large corpus of drawings sheds light on the social and subversive potentials of humour, but most importantly allows for a discussion of its mechanisms over time. Through a careful reading of Dilem’s sardonic cartoons and their contexts of production, I show his work offers both a comic outlet unifying readers in a community of laughter, and a stern cultural commentary on how Algerians consider their history. In particular this article addresses two central motifs of Dilem’s work, on the one hand Algerians’ relationship to France, on the other hand the political pressures exerted on journalistic work in Algeria. Through themes such as censorship, racism and subversion, I explain how humour is a valuable source for memory studies. In fact, Dilem’s work participates in creating a comic archive that keeps track of the mentalités and sheds light on media politics, aesthetics and the poetics of humour.
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Kubera, Jacek, and Łukasz Skoczylas. "Pamięć o wojnie, wojna o pamięć. Pamięć społeczna o wojnie w Algierii w relacjach pomiędzy Francją a imigrantami algierskimi." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 40 (February 15, 2022): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2012.011.
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The Memory of War, the War of Memory: Social Memory of the War in Algeria in Relations Between France and the Algerian ImmigrantsThe year 2012 marks the 50th anniversary of the official end of the Algerian war. The memory of this conflict and other events in France which accompanied it is still alive in French society. After many years of oblivion and lack of interest from the highest authorities, this conflict once again becomes the subject of great controversy and heated debate. The disputes focus on the four groups: the French born in Algeria, the Algerians cooperating with the French troops during the war, the other Algerian immigrants and, finally, the former military personnel serving in Algeria. Each group has its own perspective of the events, whereas the politicians try to exploit the memory of the war in the ongoing disputes concerning the integration of the immigrants and the riots in the suburbs. All of this means that even after 50 years the issue of the Algerian war is still evoking new conflicts.
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Stankiewicz, Wojciech. "Integracja emigrantów muzułmańskich ze społeczeństwem przyjmującym na przykładzie Francji." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 36 (February 18, 2022): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2010.008.
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Incorporating Muslim Migrants in the West: The French Model of IntegrationThe Muslim emigration to France is connected with many social, religious and political problems. The worshippers of Islam were admitted to settle, but not to integrate with French society and the national economy. Although, according to the French scheme of integration, all people are equal before the law and it is unlawful to emphasise differences, life in France does not reflect the Republican idea any more, and instead of creating the French nation as one community, a multicultural society unable to assimilate newcomers is being born.There are numerous stereotypes in French society that push aside Algerians and Moroccans, especially those living in the suburbs, and put them in conflict with the French legal system. This approach should change and the French must cease perceiving Muslims as strangers and realise they are lawful citizens, an inseparable part of their everyday life. The successive generations of Muslim immigrants should no longer be pushed to the margins of social life because of their ethnic origin, name, religion, and culture.The violent riots in France in 2005 and 2007, however, were caused not only by cultural conflict but also by the recession of the French economy. The main problem in the French suburbs is the high level of unemployment (40%) caused by the numerous meanders of the immigration policy. Instead of facilitating employment for immigrants, the government demands special professional training even for jobs which do not require such qualifications.
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Bedjaoui, Nabila. "Les étudiants algériens face au français." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 11 (August 8, 2018): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2018.17243.
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L’Algérie est le deuxième pays francophone après la France. 132 ans de colonisation ont été suffisants pour implanter cette langue dans l’esprit des Algériens. Après l’indépendance, les français ont certes quitté l’Algérie, mais ils ont laissé derrière eux leur langue qui s’est immiscée jusque dans la langue arabe, et est devenue de la sorte une partie de l’identité du locuteur algérien. L’avènement de l’arabisation, a fait basculer la balance, en imposant l’utilisation de la langue arabe, seule, dans tous les domaines et dans toutes les institutions. Le français est devenu langue étrangère, voire étrange, dans certaines parties du pays. L’université n’a pas été épargnée par ces changements de statut opérés sur la langue française. L’étudiant algérien trouve, désormais, des difficultés à l’appréhender. De ce fait ses études ne se déroulent pas dans de bonnes conditions. Une prise en charge de l’enseignement de la langue française à l’université algérienne s’impose.
Algerian students and the French language
Algeria is the second largest French - speaking country after France. 132 years of colonization were sufficient to implant this language in the minds of Algerians. After leaving Algeria, the French left behind their language, which has interfered in the Arabic language, and has thus become part of the identity of the Algerian speaker. The advent of arabization has tipped the scales, imposing the use of the Arabic language in all areas and in all institutions. In some parts ofthe country, French has become a foreign language. Algerian students find it difficult to understand. The situation of French has become rather cumbersome. Therefore, it becomes essential to preserve French at Algerian universities.
Key words: Algeria; arabization; French; education; specialty; level.
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Charles, Nicolas. "Are Income Contingent Loans for Students Importable into France ?" Revue française de sociologie (English) Vol. 53, no. 2 (December 5, 2012): 210–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfsen.532.0210.
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French students often have difficulty paying for their education, the real cost of which greatly exceeds tuition fees alone. A comparative analysis of student funding in France, England and Sweden indicates that income contingent loan (ICL) systems are relatively efficient and equitable. It would, therefore, seem socially just and legitimate to import such systems into France. However, in addition to the question of how to integrate an arrangement of this sort into the French student funding system, the equity of such arrangements depends on a set of specific social conditions, conditions that are found in England and Sweden. Taking into account these conditions, analysis of two simulations of “French-style ICLs” reveals that adapting the arrangements to the French social context would be at the cost of uncertainty as to the impact on social inequalities.
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Schreier, Joshua. "A Jewish Riot against Muslims: The Polemics of History in Late Colonial Algeria." Comparative Studies in Society and History 58, no. 3 (July 2016): 746–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417516000347.
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AbstractOn Rosh Hashanah, 1961, six months before the conclusion of the Evian accords promised independence for Algeria, riots broke out in the city of Oran. Surprisingly to many, the aggressors were overwhelmingly Jews, while those injured or killed were largely Muslims. The events—widely covered in the media but since forgotten—were a product of Oran's particular social chemistry, but were also shaped by far wider set of debates about a chasm that was growing between Jews and Arabs in France, Algeria, and the wider Arab world. This article focuses on responses to these riots, especially how they drew on polemical renderings of a shared Muslim-Jewish history. I make two interrelated arguments based on printed matter of the period, French government archives, and memoirs. First, Algerian Jewish observers and pro-FLN nationalist writers, groups that only rarely agreed on the question of Algerian independence, both recalled that the two groups' shared a largely harmonious history. They vehemently disagreed, however, on what this shared, harmonious history meant in terms of political obligations. The article's second argument is that the Israel-Palestine conflict helped sour relations between Jews and Muslims in Algeria, as well as historical renderings of these relations, during the Algerian War of Independence. Specifically, the question of Palestine frequently appeared as a reference when interpreting the riots. Together, the two arguments demonstrate how international issues helped occlude the particular, local stories and belongingness of Algerians, while they defined the future, religio-ethnic contours of the Algerian nation.
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E., Machline, Pearlmutter D., and Schwartz M. "Social Mix Policies in the French Eco-Districts: Discourses, Policies and Social Impacts." Energy and Environment Research 10, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v10n1p36.
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In the 1960s, France built large high-rise developments to house poor and immigrant populations. This policy led to the rise of crime and violent unrest in those developments. Responding to that failure, France has tried, especially since the eighties, to promote a social mix policy in its new housing developments. In the first decade of the twenty first century, France elaborated an eco-district (eco-quartier) program whose guidelines emphasize the goals of this social mix policy together with affordability in public social housing. In light of these developments, this paper focuses on the socio-economic aspects of French eco-districts, especially with respect to low-income populations. The eco-quartier housing distribution has shown that social mix goals are barely reached. In affluent cities, where property prices are high (such as Paris, its middle-class suburbs and some large cities), the municipalities build eco-quartiers in substandard neighborhoods, to attract middle class families. In average cities, some municipalities have implemented more social housing than planned, to provide developers with access to State subsidies and loans – but can still privilege the middle-class in the allocation of the resulting housing. In the poorest French towns, eco-quartiers can improve living conditions for local residents but do not effectively promote social mixing.
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Proust, Sarah. "Les conditions de travail en Europe." Futuribles N° 456, no. 5 (August 21, 2023): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/futur.456.0027.
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Après plusieurs mois de vives tensions sociales en France sur la réforme des retraites, le gouvernement a entrepris de rouvrir les débats sur la place et les conditions du travail dans le pays. Fin avril 2023, le Conseil national de la refondation a sorti son rapport issu des Assises du travail, intitulé « Re-considérer le travail » car, effectivement, la relation qu’entretiennent les salariés avec leur travail, leurs aspirations…, ont à voir avec la « considération » qui en découle à leur endroit. Or, depuis la pandémie et les confinements de 2020-2021, la situation a évolué, en France comme en Europe, en particulier pour celles et ceux dont le métier peut se pratiquer en télétravail. Quelle est l’ampleur de cette évolution des conditions de travail ? Comment est-elle appréhendée et appréciée par les travailleurs ? Sarah Proust, qui a coordonné plusieurs études sur le sujet, notamment pour la Fondation Jean Jaurès, fait ici le point sur la façon dont les conditions et l’organisation du travail ont évolué ces dernières années, en France et dans cinq autres pays européens : fragmentation des lieux et horaires de travail, hybridation vie personnelle / vie professionnelle, individualisation du travail, rapport à l’employeur… Globalement perçu comme une avancée sociale obtenue sans combat, le télétravail semble vécu comme une amélioration des conditions de vie plus que des conditions de travail ; mais il ouvre aussi la voie à de nouveaux questionnements concernant l’organisation du travail, le management, l’aménagement ou la réduction du temps de travail. Et comme le souligne Sarah Proust en fin d’article, d’autres questions émergent ou se renforcent, qui vont considérablement renforcer la vision politique du travail, qu’il s’agisse de la diffusion de l’intelligence artificielle dans différents métiers ou des contraintes découlant de la lutte contre le changement climatique. S.D.
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Ohayon, Annick, Françoise Sellier, and Geneviève Vermès. "Des psychologies sociales en France entre 1913 et 1947/[social psychologies in france between 1913 and 1947]." Sociétés contemporaines 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/soco.p1993.13n1.0197.
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Résumé Si la psychologie sociale semble émerger en France dans l 'immédiate après-guerre avec la création d'un certificat composant la licence de psychologie et du premier laboratoire, on peut cependant mettre en évidence, en psychologie, trois mouvements ayant depuis le début du siècle implicitement posé la question du statut de cette discipline et de ses objets. Après un débat entre psychologues et sociologues sur la relation entre représentations individuelles et collectives, un second courant autour du problème des processus de socialisation de l'enfant porte l'intérêt vers l'étude d'un «homme concret» en relation avec ses conditions de vie. Le troisième mouvement enfin, animé par Wallon, aboutira avec Lagache et des apports de la psychanalyse à une extension du champ de la «psychologie de la vie sociale» et à l'émergence d'un objet spécifique, le «groupe» qui constituera un enjeu entre la psychologie sociale, la psychologie clinique et la sociologie. Au moment même où une psychologie sociale s 'institutionnalise, elle se trouve déjà menacée dans son statut de discipline autonome.
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Strel'tsova, Y. "Immigrants’ Integration under Conditions of Economic Crisis." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-1-55-68.
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This article has considered the main trends of integration: economic one – “trough the work” and by means of social, educational, municipal and citizenship policy in European countries, first of all in France, and in Russia. The attention has been paid on contradictions, which are typical for searching an integration model in modern Russia. This article illustrates the main difficulties of immigrants’ adaptation in European countries, as a result of liberal migratory policy and multicultural model of newcomers’ integration.
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WEST, ANNE, AGNES BLOME, and JANE LEWIS. "What characteristics of funding, provision and regulation are associated with effective social investment in ECEC in England, France and Germany?" Journal of Social Policy 49, no. 4 (July 29, 2019): 681–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000631.
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AbstractEarly childhood education and care (ECEC) is seen as a crucial element of the social investment state. Whilst the extent of social investment in ECEC depends on financial expenditure, its effectiveness depends on certain conditions being met: namely, affordable, high quality provision being available. We explore policy development and the role played by government in the funding, provision and regulation of ECEC in England, France and Germany and then compare availability, affordability and quality. We argue that for children aged three and over, social investment can be deemed to be broadly effective in France and Germany, but in England quality is compromised by low staff qualification levels in private childcare centres. For children under three, effective social investment is elusive in all countries, although as a result of different conditions not being met. Our findings lead us to question the limitations of the concept of social investment in ECEC, particularly in marketised contexts.
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Landry, Yves. "Fertility in France and New France: The Distinguishing Characteristics of Canadian Behavior in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries." Social Science History 17, no. 4 (1993): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016928.
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Like american historians of the colonial period, historians of New France did not neglect, especially in the first half of the twentieth century, the problem of differentiation between the inhabitants of the New World and the metropolitans from whom they descended. It is thought that with the decline in French immigration after 1675 and the rapid Canadianization of the population, the relative isolation of the colony favored the creation of a particular type of French people, whose originality was reflected in such domains as physique, character, language, military strategy, and so forth. Was demographic behavior one of these particularities, or even oppositions, as the French officer de Bougainville noted in 1756: “It seems that we are a different nation, even an enemy” (Filteau 1978 [1937]: 252)? More specifically, how did reproductive behavior adapt to the living conditions prevalent in the St. Lawrence valley during the first century of European settlement?
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Syah, Yoshy Hendra Hardiyan, Lilly Suzana binti Haji Shamsu, and Dadang Kuswana. "Religious Secularism: Muslim Perception and the Effects of France and Belgium's Niqab and Burqa Prohibition." Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2024): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jis.v4i1.31669.
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This article examines how the Muslim community perceives religious secularism in France and Belgium. Second, to explore the negative and positive impacts of the niqab and burqa ban policy on the perception of the Muslim community in France and Belgium. This article uses a descriptive qualitative research method (Field Research) with a participatory approach. Namely, the researcher conducted direct observations in France (Cannes, Marseille, and Dunkerque) and Belgium (Saint-Nicolas and Bouge) on 19-26 February 2022. The data collection techniques in this article are primary data and secondary data. Preliminary data includes field observations, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, secondary data includes books, scientific articles, and popular articles still relevant to this research. Then, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with informants or sources, namely Muslim women in Belgium and France. Furthermore, the documentation technique uses a theoretical reference source referring to Stephen P. Robbins' version of perception theory. The findings in this article are the perceptions of the Muslim community, which has been known above. The views of the Muslim community in France and Belgium towards religious secularism in terms of the prohibition of wearing the Niqab and Burqa vary greatly. These very varied views or perceptions are influenced by the principles, experiences, knowledge, attitudes, social conditions, surrounding environment, and personalities of those (Muslim communities) who live in France and Belgium. The negative impacts are more dominant, and this may worsen the social and economic conditions of Muslim communities.
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Barrot, Jean-Noël. "Vers un renforcement de l’évaluation et du contrôle budgétaire en France." Gestion & Finances Publiques, no. 4 (July 2019): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/gfp.2019.4.013.
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L’évaluation et le contrôle budgétaire sont les conditions nécessaires au consentement à l’impôt et donc à la solidité du contrat social. Au fil des ans la France s’est dotée d’instruments puissants, mais incomplets. Pour les compléter, il est proposé la création d’une agence parlementaire d’évaluation. Sans aller jusque-là, d’autres initiatives parlementaires récentes sont de nature à renforcer l’évaluation et le contrôle en France.
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Holliday, Ian. "Dealing in Green Votes: France, 1993." Government and Opposition 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01268.x.
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Conditions In The Market For Votes Have Changed throughout Europe in recent years. Markets which for much of the post-war period were characterized chiefly by voter loyalty to governing parties and plausible challengers to them, have latterly been subject to significant elements of uncertainty and fragmentation. Not only have votes been switched with increasing rapidity, they have also been cast increasingly for parties which lie outside hitherto established frameworks of electoral politics. Perceived governing incompetence has dearly been a major factor in this transformation, but broader social change has also played a part. The consequence is that European electoral markets present increasingly open terrain for party political competition. Not for many years have possibilities for market entrance been as good.
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THOMAS, MARTIN. "ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND THE LIMITS TO MOBILIZATION IN THE FRENCH EMPIRE, 1936–1939." Historical Journal 48, no. 2 (May 27, 2005): 471–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004474.
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By 1939 expectations in France of a major colonial contribution to the impending war effort were high. The idea of le salut par l'empire, literally ‘salvation by the empire’, even gained some currency among ministers, officials, and the wider public. This article examines the nature of the economic and military demands imposed on France's major overseas territories in the immediate pre-war years, focusing on the two pre-eminent colonial groupings of the empire: French North Africa and the Indochina federation. It suggests that colonial economies and working populations were poorly placed to meet French expectations of them. The colonies were severely affected by the economic depression of the early 1930s and slower to recover than metropolitan France. Structural economic difficulties imposed limits on the mobilization of colonial resources, a problem made appreciably worse by the earlier disagreements among ministers, colonial officials, and business leaders over the merits of colonial industrialization. The reversal of planned social and constitutional reforms after 1936 added to the political volatility and social divisions of colonial societies as war drew near.
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TARROW, SIDNEY. "Social Protest and Policy Reform." Comparative Political Studies 25, no. 4 (January 1993): 579–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414093025004006.
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Extraordinary policy-making may be triggered by critical elections and political crises, but it may also be related to major waves of collective action, especially when all three of these—as in France in 1968—are present. But protest is seldom sufficient on its own to effectuate major reforms; as the case of the French Loi d'Orientation for higher education shows, it requires a reformist faction in the elite ready to take advantage of the political opportunities offered by protest. Even then, as the same case shows, the effects of protest are quickly dissipated and the season for protest-induced reformism is short. Protest cycles or other crises are best seen as necessary, but not sufficient conditions for extraordinary policy-making.
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Gadbois, Charles, Robert Villatte, Jean-Paul Bourne, and Laurent Visier. "Union Assimilation of the Ergonomics Approach and the Transformation of Social Relations." Articles 50, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 852–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/051057ar.
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A large-scale project to introduce a participatory ergonomics approach into one hundred health care establishments in France was conducted by a hospital sector union. The project took the form of ergonomics training provided to union delegates to committees responsible for health, safety and working conditions. Data on the project's progress and results show that when unions had assimilated an ergonomic approach, the view that hospital actors (employees, union members, management) had of one another was modified, as were their relations concerning working condition issues. The conditions for the success, extension and durability of this approach are discussed.
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Calmand, Julien, Jean-François Giret, and Christine Guégnard. "Vocational bachelor graduates in France: labour market integration and social mobility." International Journal of Manpower 35, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 536–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-05-2013-0102.
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Purpose – In France, the vocationalization of higher education has resulted in an increase in the number of graduates and created new opportunities. The access of these vocational bachelor graduates to the labour market raises the issue of their professional prospects amid changing economic and social circumstances. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To provide insights into these issues, the employment situation of bachelor graduates during the first years of active working life will be compared with other tertiary graduates entering the labour market in the same years, using econometric models that estimate the effects of vocational courses “all other things being equal”, incorporating a range of individual characteristics. Findings – Overall, vocational bachelor graduates experienced fewer difficulties in seeking to enter the labour market during difficult economic circumstances. They did not achieve upward social mobility with a lower probability of obtaining a managerial/professional occupation three years after graduation. These results confirm that diplomas continue to play a central and hierarchized role in France. Originality/value – The originality of this paper is to highlight the labour market transition of vocational bachelor graduates during a period of economic crisis, inquiring on the social benefit of this new diploma in France: what were the impacts of the changing economic conditions and influx of vocational bachelor graduates on their labour market transition and their chances of upward social mobility?
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Popkova, Elena G., and Rustem Kh Abrashitov. "Change management for sustainable business development in the conditions of pandemic and COVID-19 crisis: Сase experience of Russia and France." RUDN Journal of Economics 30, no. 3 (December 15, 2022): 259–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2022-30-3-259-291.
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The article is devoted to the study of the experience of change management for sustainable business development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis in Russia and France. It uses a sample of 94 publicly traded French healthcare companies in 2021 to model change management for sustainable business development in France during the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis. Based on OECD and WIPO statistics for 2019-2021 and the trend analysis method monitors the practical experience of change management for sustainable business development in Russia and France in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis. Based on the 2020-2021 survey materials. the case experience of Russian business in managing change in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and crisis is being studied. The contribution of the article to the literature is to identify, using the example of Russia and France, a new (alternative) - socially-oriented approach to managing changes in business, based on corporate social responsibility.
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Vatamanyuk, Anastasiya. "Spain's benefits in providing refugees with social services." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 39 (June 16, 2019): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.39.110-115.
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The main idea of the article is survey the conditions provided by Spain the EU countries for migrants, especially Spain.. It reporters that government of EU countries gives different social aids for people seeking a sylum. First, author describes different social sources from EU countries such as Germany, Sweden, Italy, Greek, France and Great Britany. The article highlights issues such as the provision of temporary housing for refugees, cash benefits, employment opportunities and medical services. Then, particularly closely, author considers that migrants might have many benefits provided by the Spanish Government for refugees and for migrants with outrefugee status to compare with other countries. It spokes in detail about conditions for obtaining refugee status, penalties in case of violation of the law by illegal migrants and the conditions of their detention, medical and legal services, language courses, accommodations, and soon. In addition, the articles notes about help for minor children. To sum up, author stressed that migrants should be research for conditions of giving aids, rules and mentality of country for currently time.
Keywords: refugees, Spain, migrants, EU countries, social services, humanitarian status.
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Zadora, Anna. "History Teaching, Sensitive Issues and Identity Building in France." Education and Society 40, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/es/40.1.04.
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The teaching of history is connected to sensitive issues, which provoke social divisions and debates and which do not have scientific consensus. Sensitivity is explained by the social missions of history teaching: to catalyse the construction of identity, to build a border between “us” and “the other - the stranger”. The questions addressed during history classes are “time bombs”. Teaching history implies the transposition of social debate into the classroom and drawing attention to the political dimension of the subject. The article is focused on sensitive issues in history teaching in France. In 2019, we conducted a study to assess which issues were experienced by teachers as sensitive in class, what are the reasons for the sensitivity, and what personal and institutional conditions might help teachers in overcoming such situations. The article analyses the practices of the main actors of education - teachers confronted with official instructions, with the pressure of curricula, and with the reaction of pupils and their parents in France. The questionnaire collected 188 responses of French history secondary school teachers from all regions, from different social contexts, teaching pupils of different ages (from 11 to 18 years old). The aim of the article is not to conduct a banal review of the superabundant literature on the issue, but to bring a fresh and value-added look at empirical results in a specific context.
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SHMELEV, D. V. "Left-wing populism in Western countries. The Phenomenon of J.-L. Mélenchon." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 3 (August 17, 2018): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-3-69-84.
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The article studies the phenomenon of left populism in Western Europe. On the example of France, the author examines the specifics and historical origins of left populism, its ideas and slogans, electoral technologies, factors of presence on the political scene. The author focuses on the political activities of Jean-Luc Mélenchon, his election campaign for the presidential and parliamentary elections in 2017 in France. The article considers the key stages of Mélenchon’s political career, the features of his political discourse and program, the creation of the Left front, the conditions for the rise and the specifics of left populism in France. Among the specific features of French left populism, anti-elitism, antisystem, egalitarianism and the demand for social justice, pacifism and criticism of the neoliberal version of globalization are highlighted. The author believes that the rise of left populism in France has led to significant changes in the balance of political forces during the presidential and parliamentary campaigns of spring and summer of 2017, putting it to the forefront of political struggle. In the light of the evolution of the political situation in France, the article analyzes Mélenchon’s subsequent activities related to his position around the debate on the reform of labor legislation, social protests in autumn 2017 and spring 2018, relations with other left-wing parties and movements, structural changes within the “La France insoumise”. The article emphasizes the undeniable leadership of the Mélenchon movement among the far left organizations; it is noted that the preservation of the horizontal structures of “La France insoumise” (social networks, Autonomous initiatives, activism), media strategy, the specifics of political discourse and appeal to different layers of the electorate, participation in social protests allow us to talk about the French left populism and Mélenchon as the main political rival of President Macron.
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Charmarkeh, Houssein. "Social Media Usage, Tahriib (Migration), and Settlement among Somali Refugees in France." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 29, no. 1 (October 18, 2013): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.37505.
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Technologies are omnipresent in our society, from mobile telephone systems to satellite television and Internet broadcasting, which shape the way we live, work, and interact. They have also transformed the experience of international migration, making it possible for migrants to maintain strong ties between the host society and the home country. In this article, we examine the precarious situation lived by Somali refugees in France, and we explore their uses of social media during tahriib or their migratory path and settlement in three French cities. Th e fi rst section discusses the method on which this fi eld study is based, that of critical and multi-sited ethnography. Aft er describing living conditions experienced by Somali refugees in France in the next section, the last section presents the findings of the field study. In doing so, the present research strives to fill a research gap by contributing to the advancement of knowledge on social media use by refugees.
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Kohn, Margaret. "Empire's Law: Alexis de Tocqueville on Colonialism and the State of Exception." Canadian Journal of Political Science 41, no. 2 (June 2008): 255–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423908080402.
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Abstract. In recent years there has been a debate about how to evaluate Alexis de Tocqueville's defense of colonialism. Some scholars have argued that there is a tension between the key doctrines of Tocqueville's political theory and his enthusiastic promotion of the French conquest and colonization of Algeria. Others have concluded that the apparent contradiction can be explained by paying careful attention to the nuances of his work or the logic of liberalism. This article advances this debate by reconstructing Tocqueville's theory of martial law, a dimension of his work that has been frequently overlooked. In a series of letters, notes and parliamentary reports on Algeria, Tocqueville criticized of the use of martial law in governing French citizens and defended its use against native Algerians. Tocqueville's writings on Algeria make it clear that he treated the rule of law not as a natural right held by all people but rather as a technique of government that was appropriate in communities already united by social ties.Résumé. Récemment, l'interprétation de la défense du colonialisme par Alexis de Tocqueville est devenue l'objet d'un débat important. Certains auteurs discernent une tension entre les principes centraux de la philosophie politique de Tocqueville et sa promotion enthousiaste de la conquête et la colonisation de l'Algérie par la France. D'autres ont conclu que la contradiction apparente s'explique lorsqu'on regarde de près les nuances de ses écrits sur la logique interne du libéralisme. Cet article contribue à ce débat en reconstruisant la théorie de la loi martiale de Tocqueville – une dimension de son oeuvre trop souvent négligée. Dans une série de lettres, notes et rapports parlementaires sur l'Algérie, Tocqueville a critiqué l'usage de la loi martiale dans le gouvernement des citoyens français, mais l'a défendu contre les indigènes. Ses écrits sur l'Algérie démontrent que Tocqueville considérait l'État de droit non comme un droit naturel inhérent à la personne, mais plutôt comme une technique de gouvernement s'appliquant principalement aux communautés déjà unies par des liens sociaux.
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Malakhov, Vladimir. "Why Tajiks Are (Not) Like Arabs: Central Asian Migration into Russia Against the Background of Maghreb Migration into France." Nationalities Papers 47, no. 2 (March 2019): 310–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2018.35.
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AbstractThe article aims to compare the conditions of migrants from Central Asia into Russia with that of migrants from the Maghreb into France. Despite many similarities in conditions (related to the experience of social exclusion), there are deep differences. The precarious legal status of the majority of Central Asian newcomers in Russia has prevented them from embarking on an effective struggle for public recognition; this is in sharp contrast with North African newcomers in France who have been engaged in such struggle since the 1980s. In addition, Islam plays different roles in the migrants’ perceptions by host societies and in identification of the migrants themselves. Whereas Islam has become a marker of overarching collective identity among the Maghreb migrants’ descendants, this is not the case with Central Asians in Russia, for whom Islam remains part of their individual identity, rather than the basis of social consolidation and political mobilization.
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BLONDEL, BEATRICE, MONIQUE KAMINSKI, MARIE-JOSEPHE SAUREL-CUBIZOLLES, and GERARD BREART. "Pregnancy Outcome and Social Conditions of Women under 20: Evolution in France from 1972 to 1981." International Journal of Epidemiology 16, no. 3 (1987): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/16.3.425.
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Hargis, Holly. "Recorded Participant Ethnography in Family Homes: Children, Social Class, and the Role of the Researcher." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 146, no. 1 (April 2020): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0759106320908221.
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Although ethnography has been a methodology used for years by anthropologists and sociologists, few researchers have entered the homes of children for extended periods of time in order to observe childhood and childrearing practices. The methodology discussed in this article notably permits the researcher to observe child socialization among family members first-hand. Based on seven-months of ethnographic observations among four families from differing social backgrounds in the Ile-de-France region of France, the article discusses how this recorded participant ethnography was set up. The article shows that the researcher held different roles in the families and that these roles varied according to social milieu. Through first analyzing the conditions of these observations among the families, the article provides empirical evidence of the social differentiation of children's daily lives.
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Adams, Julia. "Working-Class Politics in Nineteenth-Century Toulouse, France: Paths of Proletarianization Revisited." Social Science History 17, no. 2 (1993): 195–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016825.
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“The worker has different opinions than his employer and is naturally socialist,” Toulouse’s police commissioner asserted confidently in 1849. “I have made this observation after visiting several workshops, especially those of printers, bookbinders, hatmakers, and tailors . . . where workers speak enthusiastically of 1793 and of the need to renew the terrors of this period in order to improve the conditions of the working class” (Aminzade 1981: 95).
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Charron, Hélène. "Hiérarchie de genre et frontières disciplinaires entre le travail social et la sociologie en France et au Québec avant 1960." Articles 26, no. 1 (July 9, 2013): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016894ar.
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L’auteure se penche sur les impacts du processus de professionnalisation du travail social sur la reconnaissance scientifique de la discipline. Elle compare la situation en France, où le service social ne s’est jamais intégré à la structure universitaire, et au Québec, où le travail social s’y trouve dès la naissance des premières facultés de sciences sociales. À mesure que les professionnelles du travail social acquièrent du capital scolaire et de la légitimité dans le champ des professions, elles en perdent – au moins jusqu’aux années 60 – dans celui de la sociologie, malgré des origines disciplinaires en partie communes. L’inégal ancrage universitaire du travail social français et québécois est un facteur explicatif subordonné aux logiques de genre au coeur de la construction d’identités professionnelles qui éloignent les travailleuses sociales et les travailleurs sociaux du travail théorique et de la « neutralité axiologique », deux conditions de plus en plus incontournables de la légitimité scientifique et de l’autonomie disciplinaire dans le champ universitaire, tant en France qu’au Québec.
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Krtolica, Igor. "Can something take place?" Filozofija i drustvo 27, no. 2 (2016): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1602322k.
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First, starting from a text Deleuze and Guattari wrote in 1984 on the aftermath of May 1968 in France (?May 68 Did Not Take Place?), this article tries to analyze in what way this diagnosis - made in the middle of the 1980s, when what is now commonly called neo-liberalism was unfolding both in America and in Europe - can apply to our current political situation. Secondly, this analysis shows that maybe the very conditions of social critique and social engagement are endangered today more than yesterday, because of the new patterns of social restraint embodied by the evolution of communication (especially television). Thirdly, the author asks the question: therefore, under which conditions social critique and engagement are now possible?
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Jnat, Khadija, Isam Shahrour, and Ali Zaoui. "Impact of Smart Monitoring on Energy Savings in a Social Housing Residence." Buildings 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10020021.
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Energy consumption in the social housing sector constitutes a major economic, social, and environmental issue, because in some countries such as France, social housing accounts for about 19% of the housing sector. In addition, this sector suffers from ageing, which results in high energy consumption, deterioration in the occupant quality of life, and high pressure on the budget of low-income occupants. The reduction of the energy consumption in this sector becomes a “must”. This reduction can be achieved through energy renovation and innovation in both energy management and occupant involvement by using smart technology. This paper presents a contribution to this goal through the investigation of the impact of smart monitoring on energy savings. The research is based on monitoring of comfort conditions in an occupied social housing residence in the North of France and the use of building thermal numerical modeling. Results of monitoring show that the indoor temperature largely exceeds the regulations requirements and the use of a smart system together with occupant involvement could lead to significant savings in heating energy consumption. The novelty in this paper concerns the use of comfort data from occupied social housing residence, occupation conditions, and building thermal modeling to estimate energy savings. The proposed methodology could be easily implemented to estimate heating energy savings in social housing buildings that lack individual energy consumption monitoring.
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Zarobny, Stanisław. "CHANGES IN FRANCE’S STRATEGIC CULTURE AFTER THE COLD WAR." Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka - Refleksje 32, no. 32 (December 31, 2018): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8105.
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The author of the article attempted to examine the main conditions and characteristics of the French strategic culture, a country with huge arms traditions and the high social authority of the armed forces in society. All this means that France has made a huge contribution to the development of theory and practice in the field of military art and strategy, as well as in shaping the order of international security. The main strategic documents of France and its activity in the international arena confirm the traditional line of French security policy and strategic culture. It is a political culture of a superpower conscious of its great past which still radiates into current and global relations of France.
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Evans, Patricia G., and Roy Evans. "Provision of child care services in France: Reducing inequalities in the conditions for access." Early Child Development and Care 18, no. 3-4 (January 1985): 255–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0300443850180307.
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Blondel, Beatrice, and MARIE-CHRISTINE Zuber. "Marital status and cohabitation during pregnancy: relationship with social conditions, antenatal care and pregnancy outcome in France." Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2, no. 2 (April 1988): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.1988.tb00192.x.
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Dubois, Vincent, and Jean-Matthieu Méon. "The Social Conditions of Cultural Domination: Field, Sub-field and Local Spaces of Wind Music in France." Cultural Sociology 7, no. 2 (May 29, 2013): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749975512473748.
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This paper is based on research on wind music in France, where this music is situated at the lowest level in the cultural hierarchy. We examine this music from three points of view: (1) in light of its position in the musical field, (2) as a specific sub-field and (3) at the local level of concrete practices. Then, thanks to the socio-cultural mapping of the orchestras and of their musicians, we establish various combinations of these three levels in the concrete and symbolic organization of musical activities. This framework allows us to evaluate the various degrees of exposure to cultural domination and the possibilities of escaping it.
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Renneville, Marc. "L’anthropologie du criminel en France." Criminologie 27, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017360ar.
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This article examines the birth and growth of criminal anthropology in France. French physicians and anthropologists took an interest in criminals and theorized their behaviors before the famous Italian positivist school. French theorizing in this area developped in the early beginnning of the XIXth century with the concept of Esquirol's "monomanie homicide" and phrenology, the later gaining wide acceptance under the July Monarchy. Paul Rroca, leader of anthropology in France, was interested incidentally in the pathology of crime but it is Lombroso's Uomo delin-quente, which through the reactions it provoked, led to the development of this type of studies in France. In opposition to Lombroso, the forensic physician Lacassagne created in Lyon in 1885 a review of criminal anthropology which will continue to appear until 1915. His school of "Milieu social", took a very different viewpoint from Durkheimian sociology. In fact, Lacassagne wasn't so far from Lombroso than he said, and his approach was also in a medical frame. Morel's theory of degeneration deserves mention for the importance it gained at the end of the century with Magnan, a psychiatrist who "regenerated" the concept of "monomanie homicide" in an "impulsion morbide". This presentation of the most important trends of criminal anthropology in France distinguishes two uses of the terms "criminal anthropology" and "criminology" in the past and today. An attempt is also made to unterstand how the medicalization of deviance was possible and it's historical conditions of emergence.
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Laurie, Guillaume. "How to Create Learning Communities to Increase Inclusion in Higher Education Using Appreciative Inquiry." AI Practitioner 24 (November 1, 2022): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12781/978-1-907549-53-3-14.
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In 2016, Kedge Business School in France sent two of its instructional designers, Olga Boura and Guillaume Laurie, on an Appreciative Inquiry course. Combining AI with their existing skills, they created a special one-day icebreaker course to welcome their students and create the conditions students would need to enhance their social development.
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Desjardins, Bertrand, Alain Bideau, and Guy Brunet. "Age of mother at last birth in two historical populations." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 4 (October 1994): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021635.
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SummaryThis study uses sets of historical family reconstitutions from all of Quebec and from four villages of the Haut-Jura, France—first marriages of 2226 and 994 women, respectively—to investigate the physiological and social factors affecting age of mother at last birth before and during fertility transition. Age remained high throughout the period covered in Quebec, under ‘natural’ conditions, but showed a steady decline in the French material which extends to late 19th century generations practising family limitation.Age at marriage had no influence in Quebec; in France, however, women with the most surviving children at age 35 continued childbearing the latest. There was no link between biological ability to achieve a live birth, or in health status or aging rhythm, and age at last birth. Behaviour of mothers and daughters showed no relation. The variability in age at last birth thus appears to be random under natural conditions; with the onset of controls, social differences seem to influence not only the end of childbearing, but all aspects of behaviour governing final family size and child survival.
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Revol, Claire. "Le succès de Lefebvre dans les urban studies anglo-saxonnes et les conditions de sa redécouverte en France." L'Homme et la société 185-186, no. 3 (2012): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lhs.185.0105.
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Shaidenko, Nadezhda Anatolievna, Elena Yakovlevna Orekhova, Alexander Nikolaevich Sergeev, and Svetlana Nikolaevna Kipurova. "State family policy in France and Russia." SHS Web of Conferences 121 (2021): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112103013.
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State family policy and its important direction, which is the improvement of the living conditions of orphans and children left without parental care, require constant updating due to socio-economic and political circumstances. Changes should concern both the state level and the level of specific regions. The improvement of the forms and methods of relations between the state, family and children in a particular country is possible with the consideration of the advanced achievements and miscalculations of other states in this policy. Therefore, it is highly important for the theory and practice of the development of Russian family state and regional policy to study the experience of France. The study made it possible to draw conclusions about the specifics of state policy in the formation of family and childhood in France. In this period, family policy in France has gone from exclusion from the family by the school to a discourse of cooperation. Particular attention is paid to the French School Orientation and Reform Act of June 8, 2013, of particular interest. It recognizes the importance of establishing partnerships between the school and the family and proposes measures of cooperation between school and family, some of which are interesting for contemporary Russian reality. The article shows the advantage of modern Russian family state policy by characterizing its goals, principles and objectives defined in the main regulatory documents of the last decade. The materials of the article are of practical value for legislators and heads of social services of different levels, specialists of educational authorities, social protection, guardianship and trusteeship. The article is of interest to teachers and students of pedagogical universities.
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CORBER, ERIN, MEREDITH L. SCOTT-WEAVER, NICK UNDERWOOD, and NADIA MALINOVICH. "Beyond the Pletzl: Jewish urban histories in interwar France." Urban History 43, no. 4 (October 8, 2015): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926815000814.
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In the 1930s, Walter Benjamin described Paris as ‘the capital of the nineteenth century’, the hub of cultural transformations precipitated by the rise of industrial capitalism. For good reasons, Jewish historians have followed suit in identifying Paris as the focal point for studies of political, social, cultural, demographic and economic change in France during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Moreover, native French Jewish religious and cultural administrative structures, implemented during Napoleon I's reign and further entrenched by reforms in the Third Republic, are centred in Paris. These conditions have rendered an abundance of source material documenting the rest of the country from the centre, a phenomenon that places even more weight on the capital as a locus for national processes that occur in its image.
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Vailly, Joëlle. "The politics of suspects’ geo-genetic origin in France: The conditions, expression, and effects of problematisation." BioSocieties 12, no. 1 (October 18, 2016): 66–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41292-016-0028-x.
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De Stampa, Matthieu. "COVID Vaccine Rollout for Older Adults in France." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.715.
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Abstract Only about three million people in France have so far received at least one dose of a Covid-19 vaccine. Those aged over 75 are offered either Pfizer or Moderna vaccines in a vaccination center. Older people with pre-existing conditions can now get AstraZeneca's Covid-19 vaccine. We will provide detailed information later. The symposium has experts from 8 countries. We will use an interview and dialog format, instead of presentations (please refer to the program overview).