Academic literature on the topic 'Algal Cultures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Algal Cultures"
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Gerashchenko, Bogdan I., Igor I. Gerashchenko, Toshikazu Kosaka, and Hiroshi Hosoya. "Stimulatory effect of aerosil on algal growth." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-143.
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Unicellular green alga represents not only a convenient model for its biochemical and physiological studies but also a sensitive system to test the effects of various environmental factors. Algae cells of two strains, SA-3 strain (exsymbiotic from Paramecium bursaria) and Chlorella vulgaris c-27, were asynchronously cultured in the presence of 0.01% Aerosil A-300. Aerosil effects on algae were monitored at logarithmic and stationary phases of their growth by flow cytometry and microscopic counting of algal numbers. The growth patterns of algae were evaluated by their forward light scatter versus fluorescence of endogenous chlorophyll (FL3-height) signal distributions. Although aerosil itself did not cause any direct effects on algal morphology, it affected the growth patterns and the numbers of algae of both strains. Their growth patterns were remarkably altered in the late logarithmic phase cultures (6-day cultures). However, a significant increase of cell numbers was found in the stationary phase cultures (9- and 12-day cultures). While C. vulgaris c-27 demonstrated an increase of cell numbers by approximately 11% in the 9- and 12-day cultures, the amounts of SA-3 cells in the 9- and 12-days cultures were increased by 16% and 35%, respectively. Our study shows aerosil in its colloidal form stimulates proliferation of algae mainly via an acceleration of their life cycles. The stimulatory effect of silica on the growth of algae, the mechanism of which remains to be clarified, might have a practical (e.g., ecological) interest for regulation of algal expansion.Key words: aerosil, cloned algae, growth, forward light scatter, chlorophyll fluorescence.
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Hupp, Bettina, Gabriella Huszár, Attila Farkas, and Gergely Maróti. "Algal Hydrogen Production and Exopolysaccharide Patterns in Chlorella–Bacillus Inter-Kingdom Co-Cultures." Fermentation 9, no. 5 (April 28, 2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9050424.
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Biohydrogen production from wastewater using eukaryotic green algae can be facilitated by appropriately selected bacterial partners and cultivation conditions. Two Chlorella algal species were chosen for these experiments, based on their robust growth ability in synthetic wastewater. The applied three Bacillus bacterial partners showed active respiration and efficient biomass production in the same synthetic wastewater. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus cereus as bacterial partners were shown to specifically promote algal biomass yield. Various inter-kingdom co-culture combinations were investigated for algal–bacterial biomass generation, for co-culture-specific exopolysaccharide patterns, and, primarily, for algal biohydrogen evolution. Chlorella sp. MACC-38 mono- and co-cultures generated significantly higher biomass compared with that of Chlorella sp. MACC-360 mono- and co-cultures, while in terms of hydrogen production, Chlorella sp. MACC-360 co-cultures clearly surpassed their Chlorella sp. MACC-38 counterparts. Imaging studies revealed tight physical interactions between the algal and bacterial partners and revealed the formation of co-culture-specific exopolysaccharides. Efficient bacterial respiration was in clear correlation with algal hydrogen production. Stable and sustainable algal hydrogen production was observed in synthetic wastewater for Chlorella sp. MACC-360 green algae in co-cultures with either Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus cereus. The highest algal hydrogen yields (30 mL H2 L−1 d−1) were obtained when Chlorella sp. MACC-360 was co-cultured with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Further co-culture-specific algal biomolecules such as co-cultivation-specific exopolysaccharides increase the valorization potential of algal–bacterial co-cultures and might contribute to the feasibility of algal biohydrogen production technologies.
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Fisher, Carolyn L., Pamela D. Lane, Marion Russell, Randy Maddalena, and Todd W. Lane. "Low Molecular Weight Volatile Organic Compounds Indicate Grazing by the Marine Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis on the Microalgae Microchloropsis salina." Metabolites 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10090361.
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Microalgae produce specific chemicals indicative of stress and/or death. The aim of this study was to perform non-destructive monitoring of algal culture systems, in the presence and absence of grazers, to identify potential biomarkers of incipient pond crashes. Here, we report ten volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are robustly generated by the marine alga, Microchloropsis salina, in the presence and/or absence of the marine grazer, Brachionus plicatilis. We cultured M. salina with and without B. plicatilis and collected in situ volatile headspace samples using thermal desorption tubes over the course of several days. Data from four experiments were aggregated, deconvoluted, and chromatographically aligned to determine VOCs with tentative identifications made via mass spectral library matching. VOCs generated by algae in the presence of actively grazing rotifers were confirmed via pure analytical standards to be pentane, 3-pentanone, 3-methylhexane, and 2-methylfuran. Six other VOCs were less specifically associated with grazing but were still commonly observed between the four replicate experiments. Through this work, we identified four biomarkers of rotifer grazing that indicate algal stress/death. This will aid machine learning algorithms to chemically define and diagnose algal mass production cultures and save algae cultures from imminent crash to make biofuel an alternative energy possibility.
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Šimek, Karel, Vojtěch Kasalický, Eliška Zapomělová, and Karel Horňák. "Alga-Derived Substrates Select for Distinct Betaproteobacterial Lineages and Contribute to Niche Separation in Limnohabitans Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 20 (August 26, 2011): 7307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05107-11.
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ABSTRACTWe examined the proportions of major Betaproteobacteria subgroups within bacterial communities in diverse nonaxenic, monospecific cultures of algae or cyanobacteria: four species of cryptophyta (generaCryptomonasandRhodomonas), four species of chlorophyta (generaPediastrum,Staurastrum, andChlamydomonas), and two species of cyanobacteria (generaDolichospermumandAphanizomenon). In the cryptophyta cultures,Betaproteobacteriarepresented 48 to 71% of total bacteria, the genusLimnohabitansrepresented 18 to 26%, and thePolynucleobacterB subcluster represented 5 to 16%. In the taxonomically diverse chlorophyta group, the genusLimnohabitansaccounted for 7 to 45% of total bacteria. In contrast, cyanobacterial cultures contained significantly lower proportions of theLimnohabitansbacteria (1 to 3% of the total) than the cryptophyta and chlorophyta cultures. Notably, largely absent in all of the cultures wasPolynucleobacter necessarius(PolynucleobacterC subcluster). Subsequently, we examined the growth ofLimnohabitansstrains in the presence of different algae or their extracellular products (EPP). Two strains, affiliated withLimnohabitansplanktonicusandLimnohabitansparvus, were separately inoculated into axenic cultures of three algal species growing in an inorganic medium:Cryptomonassp.,Chlamydomonas noctigama, andPediastrum boryanum. TheLimnohabitansstrains cocultured with these algae or inoculated into their EPP consistently showed (i) pronounced population growth compared to the control without the algae or EPP and (ii) stronger growth stimulation ofL. planktonicusthan ofL. parvus.Overall, growth responses of theLimnohabitansstrains cultured with algae were highly species specific, which suggests a pronounced niche separation between two closely relatedLimnohabitansspecies likely mediated by different abilities to utilize the substrates produced by different algal species.
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Borysova, O. V. "Algal cultures as a model object of studding algal-bacterial communities (consortia)." Algologia 32, no. 2 (June 2022): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg32.02.167.
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An information on the results of the microbiological analysis of xenic cultures of green (<i>Chlorophyta</i>) and charophytes (<i>Charophyta</i>) algae is given. Algal xenic cultures are regarded as communities (consortia) of heterogeneous organisms connected with each other by trophic and topic interactions and composed of a center nucleus (autotrophic algae of one species) and consorts (several species of heterotrophic bacteria). Twelve algal xenic cultures of freshwater (<i>Сhlorella vulgaris</i> Beij., <i>Coelastrum</i> <i>rugosum</i> (P.G. Richt.,<i> Tetradesmus dimorphus</i> (Turpin) M.J.Wynne) and aerophitic (<i>Klebsormidium flaccidum</i> (Kütz.) Silva, Mattox et Blackwell) algae from the collection of M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany NAS of Ukraine were used in investigations. Each species was represented by three strains isolated in 1961–2018 years from the territories of Ukraine and other countries of Eurasia. Overall, 82 bacterial strains were isolated and identified according to some phenotypic (morphological, chemotaxonomic, physiological and chemical) features. The study revealed complexes of four types which consisted 7 species of bacterial consorts. A qualitative composition of complexes was the same in cultures (strains) of one certain algal species but strictly different in cultures of another algal species. Although, some bacterial species were found in several complexes of different type. It is evident a tight association the heterotrophic bacterial consorts with the autotrophic determinant of consortia and conforms the consortium character of algal-bacterial communities in general. It was proposed an express method based on the use of a numerical system for morphological evaluation of bacterial colonies in preliminary study peculiarities, features and functions of consortia.
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Mayali, Xavier, Peter J. S. Franks, and Farooq Azam. "Cultivation and Ecosystem Role of a Marine Roseobacter Clade-Affiliated Cluster Bacterium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 9 (March 7, 2008): 2595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02191-07.
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ABSTRACT Isolation and cultivation are a crucial step in elucidating the physiology, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem role of microorganisms. Many abundant marine bacteria, including the widespread Roseobacter clade-affiliated (RCA) cluster group, have not been cultured with traditional methods. Using novel techniques of cocultivation with algal cultures, we have accomplished successful isolation and propagation of a strain of the RCA cluster. Our experiments revealed that, in addition to growing on alga-excreted organic matter, additions of washed bacterial cells led to significant biomass decrease of dinoflagellate cultures as measured by in vivo fluorescence. Bacterial filtrate did not adversely affect the algal cultures, suggesting attachment-mediated activity. Using an RCA cluster-specific rRNA probe, we documented increasing attachment of these algicidal bacteria during a dinoflagellate bloom, with a maximum of 70% of the algal cells colonized just prior to bloom termination. Cross-correlation analyses between algal abundances and RCA bacterial colonization were statistically significant, in agreement with predator-prey models suggesting that RCA cluster bacteria caused algal bloom decline. Further investigation of molecular databases revealed that RCA cluster bacteria were numerically abundant during algal blooms sampled worldwide. Our findings suggest that the widespread RCA cluster bacteria may exert significant control over phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the oceans. We also suggest that coculture with phytoplankton may be a useful strategy to isolate and successfully grow previously uncultured but ecologically abundant marine heterotrophs.
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Persson, Per-Edvin. "Odorous Algal Cultures in Culture Collections." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 8-9 (August 1, 1988): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0245.
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The IAWPRC Specialist Group on Tastes and Odours collected a list of odorous algal cultures available from culture collections around the world. A list of 42 algal strains is presented, supplemented by data on their odour, purity and where to obtain them.
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Abdel-Hamid, Mohammad I. "Development and application of a simple procedure for toxicity testing using immobilized algae." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 1, 1996): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0089.
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A simple microplate technique was adopted for toxicity assessment of a number of pesticides including six herbicides (Atrazine, Dichloroprop, Glyphosphate, Chlorsulfuron, MCPA, and Simazine), an insecticide (Dimethoate) and a fungicide (Propiconazol). Growth response of free and immobilized cultures of the green chlorococcal algae Selenastrum capricornumtum to different treatments of these pesticides was tested and compared. The biotests were carried out under conditions optimal for the growth of the test alga. Algal growth was exposed in terms of dry weight, and was employed as the toxicity-response parameter. Dose-response curves were used to calculate the toxicity of the tested compounds in terms of EC50. Based on EC50 values, the responses of both immobilized and free cultures were quite similar for almost all the treatments. The technique facilitated the visual detection of the lowest toxic concentration giving no detectable algal growth (EC100). The technique is quite simple, rapid, practical, accurate, and space saving. It suggested that batteries of immobilized algae could replace free cultures in studies of toxicity testing.
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Fisher, Carolyn L., Michelle V. Fong, Pamela D. Lane, Skylar Carlson, and Todd W. Lane. "Storage and Algal Association of Bacteria That Protect Microchloropsis salina from Grazing by Brachionus plicatilis." Microorganisms 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2023): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030786.
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Loss of algal production from the crashes of algal mass cultivation systems represents a significant barrier to the economic production of microalgal-based biofuels. Current strategies for crash prevention can be too costly to apply broadly as prophylaxis. Bacteria are ubiquitous in microalgal mass production cultures, however few studies investigate their role and possible significance in this particular environment. Previously, we demonstrated the success of selected protective bacterial communities to save Microchloropsis salina cultures from grazing by the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. In the current study, these protective bacterial communities were further characterized by fractionation into rotifer-associated, algal-associated, and free-floating bacterial fractions. Small subunit ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing was used to identify the bacterial genera present in each of the fractions. Here, we show that Marinobacter, Ruegeria, and Boseongicola in algae and rotifer fractions from rotifer-infected cultures likely play key roles in protecting algae from rotifers. Several other identified taxa likely play lesser roles in protective capability. The identification of bacterial community members demonstrating protective qualities will allow for the rational design of microbial communities grown in stable co-cultures with algal production strains in mass cultivation systems. Such a system would reduce the frequency of culture crashes and represent an essentially zero-cost form of algal crop protection.
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Petkov, Georgi D., and Svetlana G. Bratkova. "Viscosity of algal cultures and estimation of turbulency in devices for the mass culture of micro algae." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 81 (September 18, 1996): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/81/1996/99.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Algal Cultures"
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Glover, Katherine Jane Anne. "Development of a microfluidic tool for understanding whole cell algal cultures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:de9eb8ef-a6fa-4dab-aebb-65dc9dc3b4eb.
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This project focuses on the development, characterisation and use of a microfluidic tool to study cells in suspension, and the motility of cells. This microfluidic tool is designed to have a low convective flow, so transport is dominated by diffusion, which allows a 2D concentration gradient to be maintained and manipulated, and cells to swim without advection. The rheology of the whole cell cultures was measured and found to shear thinning. Bubbles rising through the fluid was modelled. Despite this, it was found that bubbles rising through whole cell culture would impose a shear that correlated to the viscosity at the high shear plateau. That is bubble size did not significantly affect the apparent viscosity. The medium around bubbles of any size, from 1 mm to 100 mm, has a viscosity of 0.001 Pas. Numerical simulations are used to characterise and optimise the design and operation of the microfluidic devices. Low advection within the central chamber, with desired concentration gradients, was attainable with provided the geometry and operation were within certain limits. Recommendations regarding the geometry of the device include an inlet width to inlet neck length ratio of less than 2 and a radius of less then 400 um. The inlet velocity controlled the maximum velocity within the chamber. PDMS devices were fabricated and operated and it was found that concentration gradients could be maintained, but there were limitation regarding the syringe pump. Proof of concept is presented for visualising cells within this microfluidic device. From this thesis, it has been shown that microfluidic devices have important potential for understanding the motility of microalgae in real environments and in controlled concentration gradients, although they require careful analysis and thoughtful fabrication.
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Tillett, David McIlvain. "Lipid productivity and species competition in laboratory models of algal mass cultures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10274.
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Arora, Mani. "Complexity and population regulation in unicellular algal cultures of Tetraselmis : an insight into individual and social interactions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576963.
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"I would put my money on one fundamental principle ... all life evolves by the differential survival of replicating entities" (Richard Dawkins) This study is aimed towards understanding the complexity in unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton populations. For my research work I have chosen Tetraselmis (Prasinophyceae) as the test organism. Prasinophycean algae are considered as ancestors of all green algae and embryophytic land plants. Tetraselmis is a key transition organism in the phylogeny of green algae. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus was investigated using morphological, ultrastructural, flow cytometry and molecular cladistics analysis. Partial 18s rDNA sequences from fresh material and from gene bank were analysed. In this process a new species of Tetraselmis (T. indica) from salt pans of Goa, India has been reported. The high structural and molecular divergence observed in this species pointed towards the evolution in function, hence, T. indica was chosen as the test organism. T. indica inhabits the highly dynamic salt pan ecosystem and survives in wide fluctuations of salinity and environmental parameters. Studies at cellular level, where changes in cell physiology, biochemistry and optical properties were studied as a means of evaluating their function and response to alteration in the environment were carried out. Experiments suggested the existence of structural, physiological and metabolic differentiation in Tetraselmis as indicated by flow cytometric studies, differential absorption spectras and staining patterns. Further it was observed that an incipient differentiation exists in otherwise identical cells giving rise to a heterogenous population whose components exhibit differential survival and behaviour, which work in association for the existence of population. Investigation of the biology of a single cell and its lineage helped in deciphering the consequences and implications of heterogeneity and complexity in this unicellular eukaryote. To study how component cells of a heterogenous population achieve their own behaviour, the hierarchy of subcomponents within these component cells was explored. Studies suggested that the fate of different components is set at a very early stage of cell division and hence the division products of a single cell exhibit ultrastructural and metabolic differences. To consider the social interactions, naturally associated bacteria were inoculated with the axenic cultures of cells and the differential and marked influence of each bacterium on its growth dynamics was observed. This study highlights that interrogating the complete web of individual and social interactions is of importance in understanding the functionality and regulation of unicellular life.
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com, n_moheimani@hotmail, and Navid Reza Moheimani. "The culture of coccolithophorid algae for carbon dioxide bioremediationn." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050901.140745.
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The culture of coccolithophorid algae is an attractive option for sequestration or
recycling of CO2 as they can fix carbon by photosynthesis as well as in calcium
carbonate scales known as coccoliths. They also produce high amounts of lipids which
have a potential application as a renewable fuel.
Five species of coccolithophorids (Pleurochrysis carterae, CCMP647, Pleurochrysis sp.
CCMP1211, Gephyrocapsa oceanica CS-335/2, Emiliania huxleyi CCMP371, and
Emiliania huxleyi CS-369) were screened for their ability to grow at high temperature.
All species grew up to 28oC except E. huxleyi CS-369. However, Pleurochrysis sp.
CCMP 1211 which was found to clump and can therefore not be recommended for
large-scale cultivation. The salinity tolerance of these species was also examined.
Growth of P. carterae, G. oceanica, and E. huxleyi in laboratory scale closed
photobioreactors (plate, carboy, airlift, and tubular photobioreactors) showed the plate
photobioreactor to be the best closed cultivation system. The highest productivities
were achieved by P. carterae in the plate photobioreactor and were 0.54 g.L-1.d-1, 0.12
g.L-1.d-1, 0.06 g.L-1.d-1 for total dry weight, lipid and CaCO3 respectively.
The growth of P. carterae and E. huxleyi was also examined in an outdoor raceway
pond. The E. huxleyi culture was easily contaminated resulting in the loss of the culture
in less than three weeks, but P. carterae grew well over a period of 13 months. The
overall total dry weight productivity of P. carterae was 0.19 g.L-1.d-1 with lipid and
CaCO3 contents of up to 33% and 10% of dry weight respectively. There was little
protozoan and bacterial contamination. Medium pH increased to pH 11 during the day
and was found to be a reliable variable for maintaining the health of the culture. A
maximum pH achieved during the day of less than pH 8.5 indicated the imminent collapse of the culture. Heavy rain and low temperature were the main reasons for
culture loss in mid winter, whereas high temperature during summer favoured P.
carterae growth. A comparison of the growth of P. carterae and Dunaliella salina
MUR8 in the raceway ponds showed no significant differences between these two
species with regard to areal total dry weight productivity and lipid content.
The effects of several limiting factors were also examined. A reduction in medium pH
resulting from CO2 addition inhibited the growth of E. huxleyi in the plate
photobioreactor, whereas P. carterae growth and productivities increased in the pH
range of pH 7.7 to 8.0 in the plate photobioreactor and pH 9.1 to 9.6 in the outdoor
raceway pond. The best operational pond depth for outdoor raceway culture of P.
carterae was between 16 cm and 21 cm. Early morning temperatures, especially during
the winter, highly affected the growth of P. carterae in the raceway pond, whereas
artificially increasing the medium temperature improved the health of the culture but
resulted in little increase in productivity. Photosynthesis of P. carterae was found to be
highly inhibited by high oxygen concentration in the medium irrespective of
temperature or irradiance.
An economic model of P. carterae in a 63 ha raceway plant resulted in a cost for the
biomass of between 7.35 Aus$.Kg-1 and 14.17 Aus$.Kg-1 depending on the harvesting
method used.
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Sólorzano, Cháves Eddyn Gabriel. "Avaliação de cultivos de Kappaphycus alvarezii em diferentes condições climáticas e hidrólise enzimática do resíduo gerado pós-processamento de Carragena /." Araraquara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152614.
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Orientador: Fernando MasarinBanca: Banca: Kelly Johana Dussan Medina
Banca: Samuel Conceição de Oliveira
Resumo: Kappaphycus alvarezii é uma macroalga vermelha utilizada principalmente para produção industrial de hidrocolóides (principalmente carragena). O cultivo de K. alvarezii foi estabelecido como uma atividade econômica importante em mais de 20 países. Os principais componentes da biomassa de K. alvarezii são carboidratos. O processamento de carragena a partir de K. alvarezii promove a formação de um resíduo rico em glucana. Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento de cultivos de K. alvarezii em diferentes condições climáticas e averiguar o efeito da hidrólise enzimática sobre os resíduos obtidos pós-processamento de carragena. Métodos: A parte experimental envolveu o cultivo de 4 cepas de K. alvarezii ao longo de um ano no oceano atlântico em Ubatuba-SP. A partir dos dados dos cultivos foram calculadas as velocidades de crescimento e produtividades. Cultivos selecionados com base nos dados de produtividade foram previamente misturados e homogeneizados e submetidos a um pré-tratamento com KOH 6%. As biomassas previamente pré-tratadas com KOH 6% foram extraídas com água para a obtenção das carragenas e dos resíduos. As frações obtidas no processamento foram caracterizadas quimicamente. Os resíduos foram hidrolisados enzimaticamente com celulases comerciais. Resultados: Foram diferenciados três níveis de produtividade (A, setembro-dezembro de 2013; B, janeiro-março de 2014; C, abril-junho 2014). Os valores de produtividade foram maiores no nível B e intermediários nos níveis A e C. Os val... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The fungus of genus Paracoccidioides is the etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an important mycosis in Brazil and Latin America. There are different available therapies, as antifungals belong to the class of polyenes, azoles and sulfonamides. The development of new antifungal agents with greater effectiveness is required to prevent relapse and reduce side effects, the period of treatment and sequelae. The gallic acid molecule with different modifications (alkyl gallates) showed antifungal activity against a representative panel of pathogenic fungi. The decyl gallate (G14) was the study object of this work, for which the Paracoccidioides-host interaction was connected with the mechanism of action. Therefore, the fungus Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pl01) was challenged with the G14 to analyze the changes in the development of budding and cell viability by MTT assay. Then, it was assessed the influence of the G14 in the interaction rate of Pl01 with murine alveolar macrophage lineage AMJ2-C11, with mammalian lung lineage A549 and MRC-5, and hemocytes of Galleria mellonella larvae using assays by flow cytometry. The compound G14 was evaluated for survival rate of infected G. mellonella larvae and to capacity of modulation of nitric oxide production in RAW macrophages. The mechanism of action was performed by chemical-genetic interaction assay followed by genetic interaction, which involves comparing a mutant collection, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, with hypersensitive profile to G14 to double mutant database to predict via affected. In P. lutzii (Pl01)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Johnson, Michael Ben. "Microalgal Biodiesel Production through a Novel Attached Culture System and Conversion Parameters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32034.
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Due to a number of factors, the biodiesel industry in the United States is surging in growth. Traditionally, oil seed crops such as soybean are used as the feedstock to create biodiesel. However, the crop production can no longer safely keep up with the demand for the growing biodiesel industry.
Using algae as a feedstock has been considered for a number of years, but it has always had limitations. These limitations were mainly due to the production methods used to grow and harvest the algae, rather than the reaction methods of creating the biodiesel, which are the same as when using traditional crops. Algae is a promising alternative to other crops for a number of reasons: it can be grown on non arable land, is not a food crop, and produces much more oil than other crops. In this project, we propose a novel attached growth method to produce the algae while recycling dairy farm wastewater using the microalga Chlorella sp.
The first part of the study provided a feasibility study as the attachment of the alga onto the supporting substrate as well as determining the pretreatment options necessary for the alga to grow on wastewater. The results showed that wastewater filtered through cheesecloth to remove large particles was feasible for production of Chlorella sp, with pure wastewater producing the highest biomass yield. Most importantly, the attached culture system largely exceeded suspended culture systems as a potentially feasible and practical method to produce microalgae. The algae grew quickly and were able to produce more than 3.2 g/m2-day with lipid contents of about 9% dry weight, while treating dairy farm wastewater and removing upwards of 90% of the total phosphorus and 79% of the nitrogen contained within the wastewater.
Once the â proof-of-conceptâ work was completed, we investigated the effects of repeat harvests and intervals on the biomass and lipid production of the microalgae. The alga, once established, was harvested every 6, 10, or 15 days, with the remaining algae on the substrate material functioning as inoculums for repeated growth. Using this method, a single alga colony produced biomass and lipids for well over six months time in a laboratory setting.
The second part of this study investigated another aspect of biodiesel production from algae. Rather than focus solely on biomass production, we looked into biodiesel creation methods as well. Biodiesel is created through a chemical reaction known as transesterification, alcoholysis, or commonly, methylation, when methanol is the alcohol used. There are several different transesterification methods. By simplifying the reaction conditions and examining the effects in terms of maximum fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) produced, we were able to determine that a direct transesterification with chloroform solvent was more effective than the traditional extraction-transesterification method first popularized by Bligh & Dyer in 1959 and widely used. This synergistic research helps to create a more complete picture of where algal biodiesel research and development is going in the future.Master of Science
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Park, Sichoon. "The selective use of chlorine to inhibit algal predators and avoid pond crashes for the algae-biodiesel industry." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51867.
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As algae-derived biofuel is a promising renewable energy source, it is well-established that micro-algae have the potential to make a significant contribution to transportation fuel demand. Although it has many advantages including high areal productivity, there are many negative factors. One of these factors is the predation of algae by amoebas, protozoans, ciliates and rotifers, particularly in open pond systems. For example, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, is able to eat as much as 12,000 algae cells per hour and can be responsible for an entire pond crash within days. Thus, these higher organisms need to be controlled in order to satisfy large-scale algae crop and biofuel production demand. One method of predation control involves the introduction of a toxic chemical to an algal culture that the predator has a higher sensitivity to with respect to algae. Ideally, predation could be minimized or eliminated without a substantial effect on the algal culture growth. Chlorella kessleri was used as the algal culture and Brachionus calyciflorus as the source of predation. Research was conducted in five stages. First, chlorine dissipation tests were carried out using spring water, distilled water, Bolds Basal Medium (BBM), and three different dry weights of algal suspension in order to analyze the dissipation rate of the residual chlorine. The results showed that chlorine in distilled water and spring water rarely dissipated while chlorine concentration in algal suspension rapidly decreased by a maximum of 90% within the second hour. Second, acute chlorine toxicity tests were conducted in order to find the 24-hr LC50 of B. calyciflorus. The 24-hr LC50 of the test animal was 0.198 mg Cl/L. Third, chlorine toxicity tests were conducted in order to find the LC50 of Chlorella kessleri. The 24-hr LC50 of C. kessleri was 0.321 mg Cl/L. Based on these results, the test animal was more sensitive to chlorine than the test algae; therefore chlorine may be used to avoid algae pond crashes by B. calyciflorus. Fourth, C. kessleri and B. calyciflorus were combined into one test to determine how long it would take to observe an algal culture crash. The result demonstrated that the higher the population of predators in algal suspension, the faster it crashed. Finally, chlorine, C. kessleri, and B. calyciflorus were combined into one test to determine what chlorine concentration and dosing interval was needed to significantly reduce predation without significantly reducing algae growth. The results of the fifth experiment showed that the effective intermittent chlorine concentration was between 0.45 and 0.60 mg Cl/L, and a short interval of chlorine dosing was effective in inhibiting rotifers in algal suspension. Even though the rotifers in algal suspension were inhibited by 0.45 to 0.60 mg Cl/L, algae growth was greatly inhibited by chlorine. In this respect, future work is needed to reduce the effect on algae by chlorine or alternative chemicals.
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Florêncio, Taise. "Uso de plantas aquáticas como meio de cultura no cultivo de Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Reinsch) Korshikov (Chlorophyceae) /." Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151108.
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Orientador: Lúcia Helena Sipaúba-TavaresBanca: Maria Stela Mioli Catilho Noll
Banca: Cintia Erbert
Resumo: A biotecnologia utilizada no cultivo de microalgas à base de meio comercial é de alto custo. Sendo assim, alguns estudos indicam que o uso de meios de cultura alternativos com a finalidade de reduzir o preço de produção em curto espaço de tempo e mantendo alto valor nutricional, são procedimentos a serem adotados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de diferentes meios de cultivo a base de macrófitas. O meio com macrófita foi associado ao fertilizante inorgânico NPK (20:5:20). O experimento foi conduzido no período de 28 dias em triplicata. O meio de cultura com E. crassipes alcançou maior densidade celular (434 x 105 cel. mL-1), comparado com os outros meios de cultura com macrófitas que variaram de 319,7 x 105 cel. mL-1 (E. azurea) a 223,5 x 105 cel. mL-1 (T. domingensis). Durante o período experimental o oxigênio dissolvido, pH e condutividade elétrica não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P>0,05). A taxa de crescimento e densidade celular da microalga cultivada em meio de cultura com plantas aquáticas foram maiores (P>0,05) do que no meio NPK porém, similares (P<0,05) ao meio comercial CHU12. Em relação aos nutrientes, o teor de N (67 g.L-1) foi o mais elevado no meio de cultura com T. domingensis e os demais nutrientes (P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe e Zn) apresentaram concentrações abaixo de 35 g.L-1, nos diferentes meios utilizados. O uso de macrófitas como fonte alternativa para ser utilizada como meio de cultura no desenvolvimento de A. gracilis demonstro... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Since biotechnology in commercial medium-based culture of microalgae has very high costs, several studies recommend alternative medium cultures to reduce product costs in a short time period, coupled to high nutritional values. Objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of different macrophytes based culture media. Medium with macrophyte was associated with inorganic fertilizer NPK (20:5:20). Assay was conducted for 28 days, in triplicate. Culture medium with E. crassipes had the greatest cell density (434 x 105 cel. mL-1) when compared to other culture media with macrophytes and ranged between 319.7 x 105 cel. mL-1 (E. azurea) and 223.5 x 105 cel. mL-1 (T. domingensis). Dissolved oxygen, pH and electric conductivity did not show any significant differences during the experimental period (p>0.05). Growth rate and cell density of microalga cultivated in a medium with aquatic plants were greater (p>0.05) than in NPK medium, albeit similar (p<0.05) to the commercial medium CHU12. Further, N rate (67 g.L-1) was the highest in culture medium with T. domingensis, whilst the other nutrients (P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe and Zn) had lower than 35 g.L-1 concentrations in the different media employed. The use of macrophytes as an alternative source as culture medium in the development of A. gracilis proved to be viable from the economic and nutritional point of view, coupled to high algal biomass. E. crassipes, E. azurea and T. domingensis provided the best results.
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Fioresi, Tatiana Betioli [UNESP]. "Uso de meio a base de esterco suíno no cultivo de Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Chlorophyta) em laboratório." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94897.
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Um dos fatores importantes na criacao de larvas de peixes e o uso de alimento natural, tal como o fitoplancton, o qual pode ser cultivado em instalacoes especiais, a baixo custo com alto valor nutricional e elevada taxa de crescimento. Muitos fatores afetam o cultivo de algas como luz, nutrientes, temperatura e pH, sendo esses fatores complexos e dificeis de serem analisados separadamente, principalmente, as interacoes entre incidencia de luz e limitacao de nutrientes. Entretanto, a restricao a luz e mais impactante do que a limitacao de nutrientes, desde que a luz afeta diretamente a utilizacao dos compostos disponiveis no meio de cultura. Estudos tem sido enfatizados focalizando o cultivo de algas para a producao de alimento, utilizando-se meios alternativos como forma de baratear o custo de producao. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o efeito do esterco suino no desenvolvimento de Ankistrodesmus gracilis, cultivada em laboratorio em dois meios: com esterco gin natura e esterco biodigerido. O experimento foi realizado no periodo de 22 dias nos volumes, de 2L e 250L, analisando a biologia, valor nutricional e a qualidade da agua do meio de cultura. Biovolume, teor de cinzas, comprimento total e concentracao de lipideos foram significativos (p<0,05) entre os volumes cultivados. O teor de proteina nao foi significativo (p>0,05) somente no meio com esterco biodigerido. As maiores densidades de A. gracilis foram observadas no volume de 2L, tendo a amostra cultivada em meio com esterco biodigerido ao longo do experimento maior densidade, com o pico ao redor do 5o dia, 6,2 x 107 celulas.ml-1. Ortofosfato, pH, alcalinidade, oxigenio dissolvido e temperatura da agua nao foram significativos (p>0,05) entre volumes e o nitrito nao foi detectado...
One of the most important factors in successfully fish rearing is probably the use of natural feed, such as phytoplankton, which may be grown in specially designed installations. So that high nutritional algae could be produced at low cost it is important to reach light production of algae and high growing rate. Many factors affect algae culture growth such as light, nutrients, temperature and pH since they directly involve algae density interactions between light incidence and limitation of nutrients are very complex and the effect of factor can not be analyzed separately. However, light restriction caused more impact than limiting of nutrients, since energy affected directly the utilization of the compounds available in the medium. Several studies focus on the culture of algae for food production through alternative methods to lower production costs. The effect of swine manure fertilization in the development of Ankistrodesmus gracilis was mensured on two medium: in natura and biodigested, during 22 days, in two volumes, 2L and 250L. The biology, nutritional value and water quality of culture medium were analyzed. Biovolume, ash rate, total length and lipids were higher (p<0.05) between treatments. Protein rate was different (p>0.05) only in the biodigested treatment. Highest A. gracilis densities were reported in 2L throughout the experiment the biodigested treatment had the highest density, 6.2 x 107 cells.ml-1, on the 5th day. Orthophosphate, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and water temperature were only different (p<0.05) between volumes. Nitrite, however, was not reported in the 2L volume treatment. Significant differences (p<0.05) between media were only reported for DBO5. Light demand was also... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Fioresi, Tatiana Betioli. "Uso de meio a base de esterco suíno no cultivo de Ankistrodesmus gracilis (Chlorophyta) em laboratório /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94897.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Lúcia Helena Sipaúba-TavaresBanca: Luiz Augusto do Amaral
Banca: Márcia Noélia Eler
Resumo: Um dos fatores importantes na criacao de larvas de peixes e o uso de alimento natural, tal como o fitoplancton, o qual pode ser cultivado em instalacoes especiais, a baixo custo com alto valor nutricional e elevada taxa de crescimento. Muitos fatores afetam o cultivo de algas como luz, nutrientes, temperatura e pH, sendo esses fatores complexos e dificeis de serem analisados separadamente, principalmente, as interacoes entre incidencia de luz e limitacao de nutrientes. Entretanto, a restricao a luz e mais impactante do que a limitacao de nutrientes, desde que a luz afeta diretamente a utilizacao dos compostos disponiveis no meio de cultura. Estudos tem sido enfatizados focalizando o cultivo de algas para a producao de alimento, utilizando-se meios alternativos como forma de baratear o custo de producao. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e comparar o efeito do esterco suino no desenvolvimento de Ankistrodesmus gracilis, cultivada em laboratorio em dois meios: com esterco gin natura e esterco biodigerido. O experimento foi realizado no periodo de 22 dias nos volumes, de 2L e 250L, analisando a biologia, valor nutricional e a qualidade da agua do meio de cultura. Biovolume, teor de cinzas, comprimento total e concentracao de lipideos foram significativos (p<0,05) entre os volumes cultivados. O teor de proteina nao foi significativo (p>0,05) somente no meio com esterco biodigerido. As maiores densidades de A. gracilis foram observadas no volume de 2L, tendo a amostra cultivada em meio com esterco biodigerido ao longo do experimento maior densidade, com o pico ao redor do 5o dia, 6,2 x 107 celulas.ml-1. Ortofosfato, pH, alcalinidade, oxigenio dissolvido e temperatura da agua nao foram significativos (p>0,05) entre volumes e o nitrito nao foi detectado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: One of the most important factors in successfully fish rearing is probably the use of natural feed, such as phytoplankton, which may be grown in specially designed installations. So that high nutritional algae could be produced at low cost it is important to reach light production of algae and high growing rate. Many factors affect algae culture growth such as light, nutrients, temperature and pH since they directly involve algae density interactions between light incidence and limitation of nutrients are very complex and the effect of factor can not be analyzed separately. However, light restriction caused more impact than limiting of nutrients, since energy affected directly the utilization of the compounds available in the medium. Several studies focus on the culture of algae for food production through alternative methods to lower production costs. The effect of swine manure fertilization in the development of Ankistrodesmus gracilis was mensured on two medium: in natura and biodigested, during 22 days, in two volumes, 2L and 250L. The biology, nutritional value and water quality of culture medium were analyzed. Biovolume, ash rate, total length and lipids were higher (p<0.05) between treatments. Protein rate was different (p>0.05) only in the biodigested treatment. Highest A. gracilis densities were reported in 2L throughout the experiment the biodigested treatment had the highest density, 6.2 x 107 cells.ml-1, on the 5th day. Orthophosphate, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and water temperature were only different (p<0.05) between volumes. Nitrite, however, was not reported in the 2L volume treatment. Significant differences (p<0.05) between media were only reported for DBO5. Light demand was also... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Algal Cultures"
1
1948-, Andersen Robert A., ed. Algal culturing techniques. Boston, Mass: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2005.
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Fogg, G. E. Algal cultures and phytoplankton ecology. 3rd ed. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.
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V, Subba Rao D., ed. Algal cultures, analogues of blooms and applications. Enfield, (NH): Science Publishers, 2005.
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Hendzel, L. L. A dual-chamber chemostat for the study of algal interactions. Winnipeg, Man: Central and Arctic Region, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1986.
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A, Borowitzka Michael, and Borowitzka Lesley J, eds. Micro-algal biotechnology. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
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Murphy, Matt. Algal bloom: Chile, August-September. Sherkin Island, Co. Cork, Ireland: Sherkin Island Marine Station, 1988.
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Murphy, Matt. Algal bloom: Chile, August-September. Sherkin Island, Co. Cork, Ireland: Sherkin Island Marine Station, 1988.
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Areces, Arsenio J. Fisionomía del agar y su industria. La Habana: Editorial Academia, 1989.
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Symposium on Culture Collection of Algae (1991 Tsukuba-shi, Japan). Proceedings of the Symposium on Culture Collection of Algae, Tsukuba, Feb. 15, 1991. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Environment Agency, 1992.
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Kohen, Efrayim. Hakhnasat gidul atsot la-ʻArabah ke-ʻanaf biyoṭekhnologi ḥaḳlaʼi: Duaḥ benayim, November 1987-Februʼar 1988. Beʼer-Shevaʻ, Yiśraʼel: ha-Mekhonim le-meḥḳar shimushi, Universiṭat Ben-Guryon ba-Negev, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Algal Cultures"
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Morales, Marcia, Juan Cabello, and Sergio Revah. "Gas Balances and Growth in Algal Cultures." In Algal Biorefineries, 263–314. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20200-6_8.
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Formighieri, Cinzia. "Light-Utilization Inefficiency of Wild-Type Algal Mass Cultures." In SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science, 65–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16730-5_13.
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Borowitzka, Michael A. "Algal Physiology and Large-Scale Outdoor Cultures of Microalgae." In The Physiology of Microalgae, 601–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24945-2_23.
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Bišová, Kateřina. "Assaying Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activity in Synchronized Algal Cultures." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 73–88. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1744-1_4.
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Wikfors, Gary H., and Steve L. Morton. "Culture and Culture Collections." In Harmful Algal Blooms, 507–14. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118994672.ch14.
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Doucha, Jiří, and Karel Lívanský. "High Density Outdoor Microalgal Culture." In Algal Biorefineries, 147–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7494-0_6.
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Grobbelaar, Johan U. "Inorganic Algal Nutrition." In Handbook of Microalgal Culture, 123–33. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118567166.ch8.
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Borowitzka, Michael A., and Navid Reza Moheimani. "Open Pond Culture Systems." In Algae for Biofuels and Energy, 133–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5479-9_8.
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Skulberg, O. M. "Biophotolysis, Hydrogen Production and Algal Culture Technology." In Hydrogen Energy System, 95–110. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0111-0_8.
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Pawlowski, A., J. L. Guzmán, M. Berenguel, F. G. Acién, and S. Dormido. "Event-Based Control Systems for Microalgae Culture in Industrial Reactors." In Prospects and Challenges in Algal Biotechnology, 1–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1950-0_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Algal Cultures"
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Reichardt, Thomas A., Aaron M. Collins, Jerilyn A. Timlin, Robert C. McBride, and Craig A. Behnke. "Spectroradiometric Monitoring of Open Algal Cultures." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2013.ath1i.7.
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Dey, Dipayan, Dipayan Dey, Ashoka Maity, and Ashoka Maity. "INTEGRATED ALGA-CULTURE IN INUNDATED COASTAL FARMLANDS OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS AS A SUSTAINABLE ADAPTATION FOR MARGINAL COMMUNITIES TOWARDS CLIMATE RISK REDUCTION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b94727c6e25.03483562.
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Algae has a great potential for quick capture of biological carbon and its storage in saltwater-inundated coastal wetlands and can also be introduced as a climate adaptive alternate farming practice. An intervention with native algal flora Enteromorpha sp. in enclosed coastal Sundarbans in India on two open water culture techniques, viz. U-Lock & Fish-Bone, shows that growth in native algal stock is influenced by seasonal variations of salinity and other limnological factors. Sundarbans, facing the odds of climate change is fast loosing arable lands to sea level rise. Algaculture in inundated coastal areas can be an adaptive mitigation for the same. Perusal of results show that daily growth rate (DGR%) increases with increasing salinity of the intruding tidal waters to an extent and biomass increment under salt stress results in accumulation of metabolites those are having nutrient values and can yield bio-diesel as well. Algal growth recorded mostly in post monsoon period, has impacts on pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the ambient water to facilitate integrated pisciculture. The paper suggests that alga-culture has unrealized potentials in carbon sequestration and can be significantly used for extraction of Biodiesel.
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Dey, Dipayan, Dipayan Dey, Ashoka Maity, and Ashoka Maity. "INTEGRATED ALGA-CULTURE IN INUNDATED COASTAL FARMLANDS OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS AS A SUSTAINABLE ADAPTATION FOR MARGINAL COMMUNITIES TOWARDS CLIMATE RISK REDUCTION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315abc24f.
Full textAbstract:
Algae has a great potential for quick capture of biological carbon and its storage in saltwater-inundated coastal wetlands and can also be introduced as a climate adaptive alternate farming practice. An intervention with native algal flora Enteromorpha sp. in enclosed coastal Sundarbans in India on two open water culture techniques, viz. U-Lock & Fish-Bone, shows that growth in native algal stock is influenced by seasonal variations of salinity and other limnological factors. Sundarbans, facing the odds of climate change is fast loosing arable lands to sea level rise. Algaculture in inundated coastal areas can be an adaptive mitigation for the same. Perusal of results show that daily growth rate (DGR%) increases with increasing salinity of the intruding tidal waters to an extent and biomass increment under salt stress results in accumulation of metabolites those are having nutrient values and can yield bio-diesel as well. Algal growth recorded mostly in post monsoon period, has impacts on pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the ambient water to facilitate integrated pisciculture. The paper suggests that alga-culture has unrealized potentials in carbon sequestration and can be significantly used for extraction of Biodiesel.
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Rasheed, Rihab, Touria Bounnit, Hareb Al Jabri, and Imen Saadaoui. "Algae-based Biofertilizer for Date Palm Cultivation in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0034.
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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the main fruit crop found in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It naturally adapts to the adverse environments of extreme heat and water scarcity and prevents further desertification in addition to producing fruits with high nutritional value. It is seen in many parts of the world that traditional cultivation practices such as mixed planting and chemical fertilizers have led to low fruit quality resulting in low market values. Long generation time also hinders production of the dates. Tissue culture is therefore considered the most promising solution for rapid large-scale production of trueto- type clonal plants. The plantlets originating from in vitro callus proliferation are transferred from synthetic media to soil. The conventional method of using chemical fertilizers also leads to low plantlet viability with increased environmental and health risk. The current research targets the use of a local microalga, Tetraselmis sp. QUCCCM8, identified as an organic source of nutrients, a substitute for chemical fertilizers to acclimatize cultured date palmlets to soil. Soil was supplemented with different concentrations of algal biomass and plant growth was monitored for 3 months. Soil without any fertilizer and soil amended with 1 g conventional fertilizer were used as negative and positive control, respectively. Supplementation with 0.5 g of algal biomass led to higher plant growth rates, 100% survival rates, high ability of rooting (3.17 ± 0.14 roots), higher number of leaves (2.5 ± 0.25 leaves), largest stem thickness, longer shoot (33.75 ± 1.56 cm), and higher total chlorophyll (159.61 ± 9.6 mg L⁻ ¹) as compared to conventional fertilizer. These stated findings are significantly higher than the control. Furthermore, elemental analysis of the soil showed that supplementation with algal biomass increased the soil total nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus contents essential for plant growth. Finally, the comparison of heavy metals composition between soils amended with conventional fertilizer and algae-based fertilizer highlights the potential use of algae as a safe and efficient biofertilizer post tissue culture mode of plantlet generation. This enhanced the viability of healthy plantlets without affecting the environment, averting usage of chemical fertilizers.
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Michael B Johnson and Zhiyou Wen. "Production of Oil-Rich Algae from Animal Manure Using Attached Algal Culture Systems." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25125.
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Schor, Alisha R., and Cullen R. Buie. "Non-Invasive Sorting of Lipid Producing Microalgae With Dielectrophoresis Using Microelectrodes." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88317.
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In order to advance the algae biofuel industry, we are constructing a dielectrophoretic, single-cell sorter that selects algae based on lipid content. This tool can lower production costs by aiding in strain selection, online culture monitoring, or directed evolution studies. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is the polarization of particles or cells in a non-uniform electric field, which leads to a Coulomb force on the cell. Lipids and cell cytoplasm have vastly different dielectric properties. Therefore, as a cell accumulates lipid, we predict a change in the overall DEP response. Our models show that in algae culture medium, we should be able to distinguish between high and low lipid content cells at frequencies above 100 MHz. This was confirmed by experiments, in which high and low lipid cultures of Neochloris oleoabundans have DEP crossover frequencies of 190 MHz and 125 MHz, respectively. We have also fabricated a proof-of-concept device validating that cells can be manipulated under DEP. However, in order to achieve sorting, we will require higher frequencies as well as a modified design to eliminate non-uniformities in the electric field through the channel height.
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Bounnit, Touria, Imen Saadaoui, Rihab Rasheed, Hareb Al jabri, Sami Sayadi, and Ahmad Ayesh. "Assessment of SnO2 Nanoparticles’ Impact on local Pichoclorum Atomus Growth Performance, Cell Morphology and Metabolites Content." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0034.
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Oxide nanoparticles are among the most used nanomaterials and have received considerable attention over their potential ecological effects. Increasing investigations report toxicity of certain oxide nanoparticles, however, there are also studies showing opposite results, highlighting the fact that these nanoparticles may differ in their toxicological effects, which depend on particle variety and size, test organism species, and test method. The current study investigates the ecotoxicity of SnO2 nanoparticles on a local marine algae isolate. Five different concentrations (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100mg/L) were tested and the culture was followed for 72h. Algae growth, morphology and metabolites were followed each 24h. The obtained data showed that the SnO2 presented a toxicity on the algae growth that was decreasing with the dose, with lower doses presenting more negative impacts than the higher doses. In parallel, the slow growth observed at 1-5 mg/L was explained by the dramatic damages caused by the SnO2 on the cell morphology, which was detected using the scanning electronic microscopy. Indeed, this low negative impact of higher concentrations of SnO2 (50-100mg/L) is explained by the high agglomeration of ten particles leading to reduced effect on the cell morphology and health. Furthermore, and in accordance with the morphological data, the metabolites analysis data revealed that SnO2 nanoparticles induced stress, which was manifested by an increase in the lipid content and decrease in the proteins, a metabolite that is involved in the algal growth.
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Allameh, Seyed M., Clara Schutzman, Ella Beckman, Hadi Allameh, and Miriam Steinitz-Kannan. "Effects of Environmental Factors on the Growth of Algae for Biofuel Production in a Household-Based Alternative Energy System." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62775.
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The efficiency and cost effectiveness of using algae to create biofuel has been much debated in recent years. A household-based biofuel system that uses sewage as a medium in which to grow mixed algae cultures is a possible solution to decreasing the production and transportation costs of biofuel. Aside from the manufacturing issues involved, it is important to determine what variables most affect the growth of algae and the production of biofuel. This study presents the results of an ANOVA-based set of experiments that evaluate the effect of several variables on algae growth in wastewater. While much work remains to be done, these results will help determine the optimal environmental conditions for a household-based biofuel system that utilizes mixed algae cultures.
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Murphy, Thomas E., and Halil Berberog˘lu. "Cellular Photosynthetic Rate of Fully and Partially Pigmented Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a Function of Irradiance." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64550.
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This paper reports the cellular photosynthetic rates of the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii wild strain and its truncated chlorophyll antenna transformant, tla1, as a function of local irradiance. It is hypothesized that reduction in the pigmentation of algae cells can enhance light peneration in mass cultures and increase productivity. Thus, an experimental setup was designed to expose each cell within planktonic algae cultures to a nearly uniform irradiance. An oxygen microsensor was used to monitor the photosynthetic rate as the irradiance onto the sample was varied. The results showed that the cellular photosynthetic rate of the wild strain, CC125, was greater than that of tla1 at all irradiances, by a factor that ranged from 1.7 to 4. Photoinhibition was observed in both strains, although the effect was more pronounced in CC125. Although less pigmented cells enable deeper light penetration in photobioreactors, their reduced phosotynthetic rate can negate this benefit.
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Mauk, Michael G., Carlos Ruiz, Richard Y. Chiou, Jean Espaillat, Senyu Wang, Ainhoa Garcia, and Robert Surrette. "Student Learning Projects in Sustainable Energy: Solar-Powered Algae Culture, Photovoltaics, and CO2 Capture." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88404.
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A systems approach combining algae aquaculture for biofuels, photovoltaic solar electric generation, and a subsystem for atmospheric CO2 capture as a carbon source for the algae, is developed as a platform and testbed for student engineering design projects. This work serves as a hands-on learning design project for engineering undergraduates in renewable energy, industrial microbiology, and sustainable and ‘green’ technology. Fully-instrumented and automated tabletop systems for circulating algae cultures in plastic fluidic channels integrated with silicon solar cells are designed, prototyped and tested with the aim of optimizing the yields and solar energy utilization.
Reports on the topic "Algal Cultures"
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Gantt, Elisabeth, Avigad Vonshak, Sammy Boussiba, Zvi Cohen, and Amos Richmond. Carotenoid-Rich Algal Biomass for Aquaculture: Astaxanthin Production by Haematococcus Pluvialis. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613036.bard.
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The synthesis of carotenoids has been studied toward enhancing the production of ketocarotenoids, since fish and crustaceans raised by aquaculture require astaxanthin and other ketocaroteinoids in their feed for desirable pigmentation. Notable progress has been made in attaining the goals of determining improved conditions for ketocarotenoid production in Haematococcus pluvialis and in elucidating the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. For production of astaxanthin a number of strains of the green alga Haematococcus were evaluated, a strain CCAG was found to be optimal for photoautotrophic growth. Of four mutants, selected for enhanced carotenoid production, two hold considerable promise because caroteinoid accumulation occurs without encystment. The biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids was elucidated in photosynthetic organisms by characterizing novel genes encoding carotenoid enzymes and by examining the function of these enzymes in a bacterial complementation system. Two cyclases (b- and e-) were cloned that are at a critical branch point in the pathway. One branch leads to the formation of b-carotene and zeaxanthin and astaxanthin, and the other to the production of a-carotene and lutein. Cyclization of both endgroups of lycopene to yield b-carotene was shown to be catalyzed by a single gene product, b-lycopene cyclase in cyanobacteria and plants. The formation of a-carotene was found to require the e-cyclase gene product in addition to the b-cyclase. By cloning a b-hydroxylase gene we showed that a single gene product forms zeaxanthin by hydroxylatin of both b-carotene rings. It is expected that a second hydroxylase is required in the synthesis of astaxanthin, since canthaxanthin rather than zeaxanthin is the precursor. Evidence, from inhibitor studies, suggests that astaxanthin is formed from canthaxanthin and that b-carotene is a major precursor. Feasibility studies with the photobioreactors have shown that a two-stage system is the most practical, where Haematococcus cultures are first grown to high cell density and are then switched to high light for maximal astaxanthin production. The basic knowledge and molecular tools generated from this study will significantly enhance Haematococcus as a viable model for enhanced astaxanthin production.
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Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha, and Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.
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The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.
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Andersen, Robert A. Marine Phytoplankton Culture Collection: Resources for Algal Biotechnology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada353352.
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Laws, E. A. Shallow Algal Mass Culture Systems for the Production of Oils: Final Report on Work Carried Out 8/16/84 - 6/15/85. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1068590.
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Vakharia, Vikram, Shoshana Arad, Yonathan Zohar, Yacob Weinstein, Shamila Yusuff, and Arun Ammayappan. Development of Fish Edible Vaccines on the Yeast and Redmicroalgae Platforms. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699839.bard.
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Betanodaviruses are causative agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), a devastating disease of cultured marine fish worldwide. Betanodavirus (BTN) genome is composed of two single-stranded, positive-sense RNA molecules. The larger genomic segment, RNA1 (3.1 kb), encodes the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the smaller genomic segment, RNA 2 (1.4kb), encodes the coat protein. This structural protein is the host-protective antigen of VNN which assembles to form virus-like particles (VLPs). BTNs are classified into four genotypes, designated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV), and striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), based on phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein sequences. RGNNV type is quite important as it has a broad host-range, infecting warm-water fish species. At present, there is no commercial vaccine available to prevent VNN in fish. The general goal of this research was to develop oral fish vaccines in yeast and red microalgae (Porphyridium sp.) against the RGNNV genotype. To achieve this, we planned to clone and sequence the coat protein gene of RGNNV, express the coat protein gene of RGNNV in yeast and red microalgae and evaluate the immune response in fish fed with recombinantVLPs antigens produced in yeast and algae. The collaboration between the Israeli group and the US group, having wide experience in red microalgae biochemistry, molecular genetics and large-scale cultivation, and the development of viral vaccines and eukaryotic protein expression systems, respectively, was synergistic to produce a vaccine for fish that would be cost-effective and efficacious against the betanodavirus infection.