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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Algal blooms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Trinko, Tara Rae. "Bottom-Up and Top-Down Controls on Algal Bloom Frequency in Two Shallow Mesotrophic Lakes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TrinkoTR2008.pdf.

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2

Lu, Songhui. "Ecological studies of phytoplankton and harmful algal blooms in Junk Bay, Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576209.

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3

Lam, Hoi-yeung Ironside. "Marine microalgal dynamics at Crooked and Lamma Islands, Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895323.

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4

Hardman, Ron C. "Harmful algal blooms in the Gulf of Mexico : brevetoxin degradation and derivation formation via photochemical processes /." Electronic version (PDF), 2003. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2002/hardmanr/ronhardman.pdf.

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5

Huang, Yan, and 黃艷. "Neural network modelling of coastal algal blooms." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894872.

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6

Huang, Yan. "Neural network modelling of coastal algal blooms." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25248510.

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7

Li, Shuo. "Interactions of Toxic Metals with Algal Toxins Derived from Harmful Algal Blooms." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/478.

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The purposes of this study were to characterize the complexation of toxic metals with algal toxins and to determine the effects of arsenic and copper on the growth of Karenia brevis under specific experimental conditions. Microcystins, pahayokolides, brevetoxins and okadaic acid were used as representatives of algal toxins while arsenic, copper, cadmium, cobalt, iron, manganese and mercury were selected as typical toxic metals (including metalloids here) in the aquatic environment. The stabilities of the toxin-metal complexes were determined using equilibrium dialysis and/or centrifugal ultrafiltration technique. A direct exposure of arsenic and copper to the K. brevis was carried out to determine the effects of these metals to the growth of the algal cell. The results indicated that Cu2+, Hg2+, Co2+, Cd2+ and Fe2+ were capable of complexing with the algal toxins. Moreover, the exposure experiments demonstrated that the high concentration of arsenic and copper could affect the growth of the K. brevis.

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8

Bernard, Stewart. "The bio-optical detection of harmful algal blooms." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6461.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-188).
An analytical framework for the simulation and quantitative interpretation of ocean colour data is presented, providing an inverse reflectance algorithm designed for the detection of harmful algal blooms. The adopted framework focuses on establishing quantitative relationships between optically important algal intracellular properties and inherent optical properties (IOPs), such as the absorption and backscattering coefficients, and the resultant effects on remote-sensing reflectance. A principal aim of the study is to establish the determinant variables of the IOPs associated with natural algal assemblages, and provide a means of simulating these IOPs. Algal size is an important determinant of optical properties, and the study demonstrates algal IOP simulation, using equivalent particle size distributions that can be simply parameterised with regard to effective cell diameter. Statistical analyses of causal variability are also conducted on absorption data from a variety of natural algal assemblages, revealing the relative importance of cell size, intracellular Chi a concentration, and accessory pigment complement. An improved understanding of algal angular scattering is regarded as key to the analytical modelling of ocean colour, and the use of two-layered spherical models for the simulation of algal scattering properties is investigated. Preliminary validation of the combined use of the equivalent size and two-layered models indicates that they are capable of adequately simulating the remote-sensing reflectance properties of high biomass bloom waters.

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9

Schroeder, Adam. "Mitigating Harmful Algal Blooms using a Robot Swarm." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo154444245336465.

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10

Lam, Hoi-yeung Ironside, and 林海揚. "Marine microalgal dynamics at Crooked and Lamma Islands, Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895323.

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11

Pande, Nilesh Navalkishor. "Interactions between the toxic alga, Alexandrium fundyense, and its bacterial associates stimulation, inhibition, and specificity /." Restricted access (UM), 2008. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.

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These (Ph.D.)--University of Massachuesetts Lowell, 2008.
Title from PDF title page. Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-66). Also issued in print.

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12

McNamara, Shari J. "Using multispectral sensor WASP-LITE to analyze harmful algal blooms /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/5856.

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13

Yang, Zhenbo, and 揚振波. "Harmful algal blooms in selected Hong Kong coastal waters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242583.

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14

Seeyave, Sophie. "Nitrogen nutrition of harmful algal blooms in upwelling systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/145737/.

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Blooms of toxic, or otherwise harmful phytoplankton species are known to occur in eastern boundary upwelling systems, coincident with the relaxation of upwelling in late summer/autumn. Field studies were carried out in 3 consecutive summers (March/April 06-08) in the Benguela and in the autumn (Sept 06) and summer (June 07) in the Iberian upwelling system (Ría de Vigo), with the aim of identifying common nitrogen nutrition strategies of HAB species that may allow them to succeed in upwelling systems. Two summer field studies were also carried out in the Fal Estuary (UK) to identify possible differences between a UK estuary and these upwelling systems. In the Benguela, three toxic phytoplankton species were dominant under different nutrient conditions. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were abundant during a period of strong upwelling and high NO3-, peaking during short periods of wind relaxation. During these periods, a switch from high nitrate uptake [(NO3 -)] to regenerated nitrogen uptake [(NH4 +) and (urea)] occurred, with ƒratios dropping from 0.79 to 0.12. Alexandrium catenella bloomed during a period of upwelling, displaying high (NO3-) and ƒ-ratios up to 0.87. Dinophysis acuminata dominated when NO3 - concentrations were <0.5 μmol l-1 and ƒ-ratios <0.1 in 2007, although in 2008 it formed a subsurface maximum, often associated with high NO3- concentrations. Nutrient uptake kinetics showed that Pseudo-nitzschia spp. displayed the highest maximum specific uptake rates (max). D. acuminata displayed the highest affinity for NH4+, as shown by its values (slope of the nutrient uptake vs. concentration curve). Thus, A. catenella was adapted to utilising high NO3- concentrations during upwelling pulses, whereas both Pseudo-nitzschia and D. acuminata were able to acclimate to both high and low NO3- concentrations during the upwelling/relaxation cycles. In the Ría de Vigo, warm water from the stratified shelf entered the ría and downwelled in September, resulting in a well-mixed water column. The phytoplankton assemblage, dominated by Ceratium spp., Dinophysis acuminata and Gymnodinium catenatum, appeared to be advected in to the ría. Nitrate concentrations were consistently low, whereas NH4+ concentrations increased towards the head of the ría and with depth. The phytoplankton community was dependent on regenerated nitrogen, with ƒ-ratios <0.2. In contrast, positive circulation in June resulted in strong vertical gradients in temperature, salinity and nutrients and a community dominated by diatoms. Nitrate and NH4+ were depleted in surface waters although uptake rates were higher than in September, as were the ƒ-ratios (0.1-0.3). In both systems, upwelling winds favoured diatoms, although they were able to utilise regenerated nitrogen when NO3- was depleted, whereas upwelling relaxation created favourable conditions for HAB development. Dinophysis spp. occurred in both systems and were able to grow on recycled nitrogen in the absence of NO3-. The Benguela showed high variability in the selection of particular HAB species, perhaps due to greater variability in upwelling-downwelling cycles. In the Ría de Vigo, the occurrence of downwelling and associated nutrient conditions leading to blooms of Dinophysis spp. and Gymnodinium catenatum seems more predictable. In the Fal Estuary, Alexandrium spp. was favoured by low irradiance and the combination of strong stratification and high nutrient concentrations, and its growth was sustained predominantly by NH4+. A. minutum strains isolated from both upwelling systems and from a UK Lagoon all displayed higher max for NH4+ relative to NO3- but higher growth rates on the latter. This was consistent with field results from all 3 regions, suggesting that the upwelling systems did not display a different order of nitrogen preference, although they did display a higher affinity for NO3-.

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15

Yang, Zhenbo. "Harmful algal blooms in selected Hong Kong coastal waters." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22534374.

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16

Cohen, Margaret A. "Estimating the growth rate of harmful algal blooms using a model averaged method." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/rp/cohenm/margaretcohen.pdf.

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17

Clouse, Melissa A. "Comparison of four clones of the ichthyotoxic flagellate Prymnesium /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/clousem/melissaclouse.pdf.

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18

Graham, Sylvia Lynne. "Growth and grazing of microzooplankton in response to the harmful alga Heterosigma akashiwo in prey mixtures /." Online version, 2008. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=305&CISOBOX=1&REC=8.

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19

方燕珊 and Yin-shan Fong. "Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in coastal waters and their management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125519X.

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20

Wolf, David M. "Beyond Marginal Valuation: The Economic Impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1529492086337544.

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21

Albertin, Andrea Ruth. "Nutrient dynamics in Florida springs and relationships to algal blooms." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024853.

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22

Fong, Yin-shan. "Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in coastal waters and their management /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25436247.

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23

Foy, R. H. "Phytoplankton growth in Lough Neagh." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333608.

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24

Danerie, Giovanni. "Primary production studies in the southern Bight of the North Sea with reference to Phaeocystis sp. and its adaption to varying photon flux densities." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359246.

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25

Black, Edward Adam. "Differentiation of morphology and toxicity in harmful algal blooms caused by the raphidophyte alga Heterosigma akashiwo." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/NQ52753.pdf.

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26

Lu, Songhui, and 呂頌輝. "Ecological studies of phytoplankton and harmful algal blooms in Junk Bay, Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576209.

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27

McNamee, Sara Ellen. "The early warning of toxic algal blooms using innovations in immunosensors." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675433.

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Many species of algae are beneficial to lakes and oceans, providing the basis of the food chain that supports the entire ecosystem. However, when they bloom in significant numbers and produce biotoxins, these events are termed harmful algal blooms (HABs). We are seeing an increase in the number of HABs, toxic algae species, new algal toxins being identified and huge economic losses from HABs than ever before. HABs and their problems can only be of increasing concern for the future. It is therefore paramount that we have early warning methods in place capable of detecting toxic algal blooms. The overall aim of this research was to develop rapid, cost effective, high throughput and multi biotoxin methods for the early warning of toxic algal blooms for the enhancement of seafood, water safety practices and public health. Two biosensor assays were developed; one laboratory based and one potentially portable. The multiplex surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor assay was developed for the semi-quantitative, simultaneous screening of three key marine regulated biotoxins. The performance of this biosensor was characterised by the analysis of seawater samples (n = 256) giving a full biotoxin distribution and toxin composition within European waters. This biosensor was also utilised for monitoring an extensive bloom of the PSP toxin producing Alexandrium minutum during the summer of 2011 in Cork (Ireland). Additionally, the multiplex MBio planar waveguide biosensor assay was developed for the semi-quantitative, simultaneous and potentially portable screening of five types of harmful algal biotoxins with results available in as little as 15 min. Both methods are rapid, easy to use and highly sensitive. They are a major advancement in the field of biotoxin detection and have the capability of being employed as early warning detection systems across a range of aquatic environments for the detection of toxic algal blooms.

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28

Wolmarans, Karien. "The influence of nutrients on surf-zone phytoplankton." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008080.

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The variability in surf-zone phytoplankton community composition together with variability in nutrient concentrations was studied at seven beaches along the coast near Port Elizabeth, South Africa over a one-year sampling period. The nutrient requirements of selected diatoms and dinoflagellates that co-occur at these beaches were studied. The highest nutrient concentrations were recorded at Brighton beach, with phosphate concentration being substantially higher than standards set out for both South African and European waters. Nitrate, ammonium and silicate concentrations were consistent (low variability) at all beaches. The species composition of beaches without surf diatoms was also not variable (except for King’s Beach – an artificial beach). Maitland beach was the only beach that could be identified as a surf diatom beach due to the presence of Anaulus australis. The surf diatom Anaulus australis was found to be a superior competitor compared to all other species tested: the other surf diatom Asterionellopsis glacialis, and the dinoflagellates Gonyaulax spinifera, Prorocentrum micans, and Scrippsiella trochoidea. Gonyaulax spinifera could possibly outcompete Anaulus australis in systems should nitrate become limiting.

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29

Handy, Sara Marie. "Investigations of the ecology of Delaware Inland Bay harmful algae utilizing quantitative real-time PCR." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 152 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1362527691&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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30

Rynearson, Tatiana A. "Clonal diversity, population differentiation and bloom dynamics in the centric diatom, Ditylum brightwellii /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10979.

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31

Dufresne, Laura C. "Destruction of algae-produced taste-and-odor compounds by chlorine, potassium permanganate, and chlorine dioxide." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020302/.

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32

Welts, Leslie. "The failure and future of policy instruments in managing harmful algal blooms." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117202.

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Harmful algal blooms threaten waters across the globe. The blooms degrade water quality, are toxic to humans, and threaten the health and habitat of aquatic biota. The blooms thrive in water bodies with excessive quantities of nutrients and their presence is exacerbated by climate change-induced weather patterns. Agricultural runoff is responsible for a majority of the excess nutrients in Lake Champlain and Lake Erie, but there are simple land use practices agricultural producers can implement to significantly reduce the amount of runoff leaving their land. Despite the fact that there is scientific consensus about the primary cause of harmful algal blooms as well as the solutions for resolving the problem, legislatures grapple to regulate agricultural producers' land use practices. This struggle occurs mainly because legislatures lack the proper legal tools. Traditional policy instruments focus on resolving disputes between individuals or the government policing specific actors and are therefore ill-equipped to address widespread environmental issues that are not easily traceable to a single source.Yet, there is hope: reflexive law theory advances policy instruments aimed to encourage producers to self-regulate. These policy instruments create incentive structures to align actors' goals with societal goals by harnessing the power of the market and by creating situations where social pressures will nudge actors toward more socially desirable behaviours. Watersheds that have implemented them to address agricultural runoff have seen largely encouraging results. In this project, I trace the development of environmental policy instruments, using Lake Champlain and Lake Erie as prominent case studies that illustrate the inadequacies of traditional legal regimes in addressing widespread environmental issues. I also present reflexive law strategies that can compensate for these inadequacies. I argue that the current legal regimes in the Lake Champlain and Lake Erie watersheds are inadequate to curtail agricultural runoff and must be supplemented by reflexive law policy instruments if legislatures are to make progress in the battle against harmful algal blooms.
Des fleurs d'eau d'algues néfastes menacent des plans d'eau à travers la planète. Les fleurs d'eau nuisent à la qualité de l'eau, elles sont toxiques pour les êtres-humains et elles menacent la santé et les habitats du biota aquatique. Les fleurs d'eau se répandent dans des plans d'eau ayant une quantité excessive de nutriments, et leur présence est exacerbée par les tendances météorologiques provoquées par les changements climatiques. La plupart des nutriments excessifs dans le Lac Champlain et le Lac Érié sont dus aux effluents d'élevage mais il existe des pratiques d'aménagement du territoire simples que les agriculteurs peuvent mettre en œuvre afin de réduire considérablement les effluents venant de leurs terrains. Malgré le consensus scientifique sur la cause primaire des fleurs d'eau d'algues néfastes ainsi que sur les solutions pour résoudre le problème, les législatures peinent à règlementer les pratiques d'aménagement du territoire des agriculteurs. Cette lutte a surtout lieu car les législatures manquent d'outils juridiques appropriés. Les instruments de politique traditionnels mettent l'accent sur la résolution de différends entre particuliers ou sur la surveillance par le gouvernement de certains acteurs spécifiques. Ils sont ainsi mal adaptés pour faire face aux vastes problématiques environnementales pour lesquelles il est difficile d'identifier une seule source.Pourtant, il y a une lueur d'espoir : la théorie du droit réflexif propose des instruments de politique qui ont pour objectif d'encourager les agriculteurs à s'autoréguler. Ces instruments de politique créent des structures de motivation afin d'aligner les buts des acteurs sur les buts sociétaux, en mettant à profit la puissance du marché et en créant des situations où des pressions sociales pousseront les acteurs à se comporter d'une façon plus socialement souhaitable. Les bassins versants qui les ont mis en œuvre afin de faire face aux effluents d'élevage ont obtenu des résultats globalement encourageants. Dans le cadre de ce projet, je trace le développement des instruments de politique environnementaux en prenant le Lac Champlain et le Lac Érié comme études de cas majeures qui illustrent les incapacités des régimes juridiques traditionnels à faire face à ces vastes problématiques environnementales. Je présente également des stratégies du droit réflexif qui pourraient compenser ces incapacités. Je défends le fait que les régimes juridiques actuels dans les bassins versants du Lac Champlain et du Lac Érié soient incapables de réduire les effluents d'élevage et doivent donc être complétés par des instruments de politique du droit réflexif afin que les législatures progressent dans la lutte contre les fleurs d'eau d'algues néfastes.

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33

Wang, Kai. "INTERACTIONS OF CYANOBACTERIA AND CO-OCCURRING MICROORGANISMS DURING CYANOBACTERIAL HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619622253977384.

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34

Fortin, Samantha Grace. "Estuarine Microbiomes And Biogeochemistry: Impacts Of Spatiotemporal Variation, Algal Blooms, And Microplastics." W&M ScholarWorks, 2021. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1627407480.

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Estuaries are biogeochemical hotspots connecting terrestrial and coastal ecosystems. Anthropogenic disturbances, including increased nitrogen loading and plastic pollution, may have significant impacts on estuarine carbon and nitrogen cycling by altering microbiome structure and functions. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to examine how microbiomes and their associated biogeochemical processes are influenced by natural variation and anthropogenic disturbances in the York River Estuary (YRE). In chapter 2, spatial and temporal variation in benthic microbiomes and the rates of denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) were examined to determine biotic and abiotic drivers of nitrogen removal and retention. In the YRE, nitrogen removal, largely in the form of denitrification, dominated at the head of the estuary while nitrogen retention through DNRA dominated at the mouth. Denitrification was linked to a large community of denitrifying organisms, sediment organic matter, nitrate/nitrite concentrations, salinity, and chlorophyll a, while DNRA was best predicted by the abundance of specific taxa, Desulfobacterales and Sphingobacteriales, as well as temperature and the concentration of ammonium. The impacts of the harmful algal blooms of Margalefidinium polykrikoides and Alexandrium monilatum that occur in the lower portion of the estuary were examined in Chapter 3. Blooms of both species altered the water column microbiome of the YRE. The M. polykrikoides bloom, with its higher concentration of dissolved organic carbon and close associations with heterotrophic bacteria, likely has a greater impact on the estuarine carbon cycle than the A. monilatum bloom. The A. monilatum bloom did not impact the overall prokaryotic community, but appeared to selectively enhance a small group of prokaryotes in the particle-associated fraction. Chapters 4 and 5 investigated plastic pollution in the YRE. A method was developed to isolate, quantify, and identify the polymer type of plastic particles in wastewater treatment plant effluents using Raman microspectroscopy (chapter 4); microplastic particles composed of polyethylene were found to be the most common. Microplastics composed of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polylactic acid were deployed to the YRE and the microbial biofilm communities growing on each type of plastic were examined over time to determine their taxonomic and functional profiles (chapter 5). All three microplastic types were found to contain potential hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, as well as nitrogen cycling bacteria capable of performing nitrification, denitrification, and DNRA. Overall, this dissertation investigated how microbially mediated nitrogen cycling processes can remove or retain fixed nitrogen, how algal blooms can change an estuary’s microbiome, and how the addition of microplastic pollution can provide new habitat for microbes that can perform nitrogen cycling and hydrocarbon degradation in the water column.

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35

Wood, Joseph. "Causes and Consequences of Algal Blooms in the Tidal Fresh James River." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3429.

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This dissertation includes 3 chapters which focus on algal bloom of the tidal fresh James River. The first chapter describes nutrient and light limitation assays performed on algal cultures and draw conclusions about long-term patterns in nutrient limitation by comparing results with a previous study . This chapter also describes the influence of riverine discharge upon nutrient limitation in a point-source dominated estuary. This chapter was published in Estuaries and Coasts (Wood and Bukaveckas 2014). The second chapter presents the first comprehensive assessment of the occurrence of the cyanotoxin Microcystin in water and biota of the James River. Data presented in this chapter show that bivalve grazing declines in the presence of Microcystin in the water. The chapter also describes feeding habits in fish as a predictor for inter-specific differences in Microcystin accumulation in their tissues. The work presented in this chapter was published in Environmental Science & Technology (Wood et al. 2014). The third chapter describes the fate of algal carbon in the James River Estuary and the importance of autochthonous and allochthonous sources of organic matter in supporting production of higher trophic levels. Here I draw upon ecosystem metabolism data (NPP and R), abundance and grazing estimates for primary consumers and estimates of advective losses of chlorophyll and external inputs of nitrogen to place ‘top-down’ effects in the broader context of factors influencing chlorophyll and nitrogen fluxes in the James. . This chapter also describes results from mesocosm experiments used to assess the influences of grazers on chlorophyll, nutrients and Microcystis. This work will be submitted in the summer of 2014 to the journal Ecosystems.

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36

Qin, Qubin. "Impacts of Physical Transport on Estuarine Phytoplankton Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms." W&M ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153910.

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The spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass in estuaries is determined by both local processes and transport processes. Local processes include biological processes (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration/excretion, and grazing) and settling, whereas transport processes include advective and diffusive transports. Transport processes have been demonstrated to regulate phytoplankton dynamics significantly by distributing both phytoplankton and other dissolved and particulate substances (e.g., nutrients, salts, sediments, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter). Yet, these transport properties lack a framework that unifies the pieced description of their various effects, and quantification of their importance under various environmental conditions. This dissertation highlights the role of horizontal transport processes on phytoplankton dynamics in estuaries, including the initiation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). in Chapter 2, the flushing effect of transport processes and its interaction with local processes are exclusively examined, and its relative importance on the variability of phytoplankton biomass is quantified and compared to that of the local processes over timescales from hours to years, using an introduced concept of transport rate that can be numerically computed. in Chapter 3, a simple yet inclusive mathematical model is developed to examine the temporal and spatial variabilities in phytoplankton biomass in response to the various effects of physical transport, under nutrient and light limiting conditions. For estuaries whose dominant nutrient loading is from river input, three basic patterns are revealed for the relationships between phytoplankton biomass and flushing time under various environmental conditions. in Chapters 4 and 5, the flushing effect of transport processes on the initiation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in estuaries is investigated, which is then applied to examine the location and timing of the initiation of an annual Cochlodinium (recently renamed Margalefidinium) polykrikoides bloom in the lower James River. Theoretical analysis shows that the flushing is the key factor that affects HAB initiation in multiple interconnected systems, and a relatively long period of time (weeks) is required for a successful bloom. A HAB tends to be observed first in locations with relatively long residence time, such as tributaries or areas with large eddies. Multiple unconnected originating locations can co-exist within an estuary that highly depends on hydrodynamics and salinity. A numerical module for C. polykrikoides bloom is developed and built into a 3D numerical model - EFDC, which considers the competitive advantages of C. polykrikoides such as mixotrophic growth, swimming, grazing suppression, and resting cyst germination. Numerical model results show that the flushing effect determines the origins of C. polykrikoides blooms in the lower James River, and the sub-tributary of Lafayette River, which is characterized by relatively long residence time, is favorable for the first bloom to occur, regardless of the cyst distribution. A further investigation of various environmental conditions for the C. polykrikoides bloom reveals that temperature and physical transport control the interannual variability in the timing of its initiation, and individual perturbations by southerly wind, heavy rainfall, and spring tide can cause strong flushing capable of interrupting, or even terminating, initiation of a HAB event in the lower James River.

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37

Nielsen, Eric J. "Algal suscession and nutrient dynamics in Elephant Butte Reservoir /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd741.pdf.

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38

Armstrong, Howard Meredith Dana Armstrong Howard Meredith Dana. "Harmful algal blooms on the U.S. west coast : new insights into domoic acid production and identification of yessotoxin, a new marine toxin detected in California coastal waters /." Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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39

Chu, Wai-yan Cherry. "Effect of submarine groundwater discharge on coastal ecology /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36616734.

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40

Lee, Seung Hwan. "Phosphorus removal mechanisms in soil and slag media." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/356.

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Excessive phosphorus (P) is one of the major pollutants in natural water that are responsible for algal blooms and eutrophication. P removal by soil and slag is an attractive solution if the P sorption capacity of soil or slag is significant. To design an efficient land treatment facility, basic information on the behaviour of P in the media-water environment is required. In this study, detailed experiments were conducted to study P removal under static and dynamic conditions, and mathematical models were developed to describe these processes. The kinetic studies on P sorption onto a sandy loam soil from North Sydney, Australia, and dust and cake waste products from the BHP steel industry revealed that P sorption is a slow process. More than 90% of the P was adsorbed within 70, 12 and 60 hours in a mixing system for soil, dust and cake respectively while it was within 240, 24 and 120 hours respectively in a static (no stirring) system. Dust adsorbed P the most, compared to the other adsorbents (220-225 times and 4-5 times of the sorptivity of soil and cake respectively). P sorption in the batch experiments was described better by an equation using the Langmuir isotherm than one using the Freundlich isotherm. The kinetics of P sorption were satisfactorily explained by a static, physical, non-equilibrium sorption model (SPNSM). The pH of the P solution played a critical role in the extent of removal and the removal mechanisms of P. Removal was at a minimum at pH 2. The effect of pH on P removal varied depending on the type of adsorbents and the initial P concentration. The dominant removal mechanism of P at pH<8 was physical sorption, while it was chemical precipitation at pH>10. Batch flocculation experiments revealed that the P removal efficiency increased with an increase of adsorbent dose, flocculation (contact) time and mixing rate. P sorption is affected by the presence of NH4 which competes for available sites on the adsorbents. The amount of P adsorbed by dust and cake in the presence of NH4 was less than that in a single solute system. The reduction percentage of P for dust ranged from 33 to 57%. Detailed column experiments conducted with soil, dust and cake as media indicated that dust and cake have much higher sorption capacities than soil. The solid phase P concentrations on dust and cake calculated from batch experimental isotherm constants are substantially higher than those estimated.

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41

Demir, Elif. "Application of traditional and molecular methods to taxonomy, ecology and ecophysiology of raphidophytes and a novel genus." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 190 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397900411&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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42

Joyce, Linda Britt. "An investigation into the occurrences of harmful algal blooms in Scapa Flow, Orkney." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1137.

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43

Hegaret, Hélène. "Impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms on physiological and cellular processes of bivalve molluscs." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARH071.

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Hurmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasingly recognized as having profound effects upon economics of fisheries and aquaculture. Further, HABs are included in a list of concerns about changes in marine ecosystems that increase impacts of diseases and parasites on important resource species and the food webs that support them. This research assessed the interactions between HABs and bivalve molluscs. A number of specific HAB-bivalve interactions were studied, measuring fundamental physiological processes such as clearance and filtration rates of bivalves when exposed to pure cultures of HAB species or mixed benign and HAB cultures. Results indicate that clearance and filtration rates, as well as biodeposit production, were species specific. Further studies demonstrated the presence of intact HAB cells in the biodeposits with the ability to recover, suggesting potential risks for bivalves to be vectors of introduction of HABs into new environments. A simple method for mitigating this risk was demonstrated : keeping shellfish out of mater for 24 hr, or depurating at least 24 hr in quarantined seawater renders cells non-viable. Physiological responses of bivalve molluscs to HABs varied according to the algal/mollusc combination. This study further investigated whether these physiological

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44

Wu, X. "The effects of ultrasonic treatment on cyanobacteria in surface waters." Thesis, Coventry University, 2010. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/d0d31d7e-fe64-436a-88b3-24c2b4656eba/1.

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The effect of power ultrasound on algae blooms (Microcystis aeruginosa) over a 30 minute period was assessed using 200 and 400 mL suspensions of optical density of 2.0 at 680 nm. The frequencies employed were 20, 40, 580 (40%, 80%, and maximum intensity), 864 (40%, 80% and maximum intensity) and 1146 kHz (40%, 80% and maximum intensity). Ultrasound can induce two different effects on algal cells; inactivation at high power (≥ 0.0022 Wcm-3) and de-agglomeration at low power (≤ 0.0042 Wcm-3). Ultrasonic effects were observed using haemocytometer, optical density, UV-visible spectrometer, fluorospectrometer and flow cytometry. Using a 40 kHz bath (0.0214 Wcm-3) led to de-agglomeration resulting in an overall increase in algae of -0.28% by haemocytometer and -4.20% by optical density. The highest inactivation achieved was 91.54% (haemocytometer) and 44.63% (optical density) using 1146 kHz (maximum intensity, 0.0248 Wcm-3) and 200 mL suspension. In terms of efficiency to achieve inactivation (i.e. inactivation % / power) the best result was observed at 864 kHz (40% power setting, 0.0042 Wcm-3) with 200 mL suspension giving 8226.19 by haemocytometer and 5011.90 by optical density. This initial part of the study allowed a comparison to be made of the ultrasonic parameters that would lead to optimum algae removal in terms of acoustic energy input. The haemocytometer results for cells number were generally higher than those indicated by optical density which is probably due to the fact that the former records only cell numbers remaining whereas the latter is an overall measure of algae concentration (ruptured cells will still register, because their contents remain in suspension). Studies on de-agglomeration and inactivation were also undertaken using small or medium-scale ultrasonic equipment that were models for industrial scale systems. The following volumes of algae suspension and equipment were employed: Sonolator (Sonic Corporation, 5L flow), 16 kHz and 20 kHz Dual Frequency Reactor (DFR, Advanced Sonics LLC, 1L static and 3.5 L flow), 20 kHz Vibrating Tray (Advanced Sonics LLC, 1.5L static) and 20 kHz ultrasonic probe (made at Southeast University, 4L static). The most effective inactivation effects were obtained with the DFR reactor in static mode and 60% power setting for 10 minutes which achieved reductions calculated at 79.25% using haemocytometry and 60.44% by optical density. The third part of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the basic mechanisms of the action of ultrasound on algae and to interpret this in terms of its potential for algal cell removal and control. Algal cell activity was assessed by three methods: using a UV-visible spectrometer (Shimazu, 2450PC), a fluorometer (Shimazu, RF5301) and a flow cytometer (BD FACS Calibur). Ultrasonic damage to Chlorophyll A was revealed through observation of the loss in UV-Vis spectrophotometer peaks around 600 nm together with the decrease in fluorometer results for peaks around 500 and 680 nm. Flow cytometer results were able to identify the number of both intact cells and damaged/ruptured cells thus giving greater insight into the mechanism of ultrasonic inactivation. The direct rupture of cells by power ultrasound was prevalent at low frequencies ≤ 40 kHz due to the mechanical effects of cavitation collapse and inactivation of algal cells by free radicals occurred at high frequencies ≥ 100 kHz and medium powers where mechanical effects are much reduced. In conclusion, this work has shown that power ultrasound can provide a suitable method to control algal growth in small and medium laboratory scales. Scale-up beyond this point is the subject of further research but the results herein clearly demonstrate the importance of choosing the correct ultrasonic parameters in terms of frequency, power and exposure time.

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Dong, Yahong, and 董雅红. "Analysis of stratification and algal bloom risk in Mirs Bay." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46087618.

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46

Smith, Jennifer E. "Factors influencing algal blooms on tropical reefs with an emphasis on herbivory, nutrients and invasive species." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765084721&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233266647&clientId=23440.

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47

Wong, Tse-man Ken, and 黃子文. "Red tides and algal blooms in subtropical Hong Kong waters: field observations and Lagrangianmodeling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015090.

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48

Schaefer, Robert T. "Evaluating the Influences of Karst Hydrogeology on Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms in Kentucky Lakes." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1619.

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A problem exists in Nolin River Lake and Rough River Lake in Kentucky, due to the increasing prevalence of cyanobacterial-based harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) and the threats they pose to local communities. These lakes were developed as artificial reservoirs from embankment. Further complicating the issue, the lakes are located within a heavily karstified region and there exists no plan or method currently for monitoring or managing CyanoHABs in a karst region with regard to groundwater inputs to the lake systems or their tributaries. A mixture of techniques and analysis methods was used to determine the best way to monitor and possibly detect the formation and occurrence of CyanoHABs in artificial lakes that are located in karst landscapes. The methods focused on determining the effect groundwater has on CyanoHAB occurrence and formation, how much nutrient pollution is entering the system, from where the pollution is originating and, ultimately, how best to monitor and develop management practices against CyanoHAB occurrence. Techniques used included dual nitrate isotope tracing, collecting hydrogeochemical data, lake discharge data, historical CyanoHAB data, and biological tracer monitoring in both lakes. The lakes under study showed varying degrees of the influence karst plays in their seasonal changes from summer to winter pools. Lake water temperatures never dropped below the temperatures needed for one of the dominant cyanobacteria, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, to grow. Calculations of nutrient loadings indicated that over 3.5 x 106 kg of nitrate moved through Nolin River Lake during the course of the study. The presence and concentrations of E. coli when paired with weather and geochemical data also revealed karst groundwater pulses exerting an influence through the system in response to precipitation events. The nitrogen and oxygen isotope data indicate that a wide variety of nitrate pollution sources are entering the system and that a variety of management techniques must be deployed to combat this complex issue. A holistic approach that focuses on management and education about karst processes and CyanoHABs is suggested, with an emphasis on broader community involvement beyond just the populations living adjacent to the lakes.

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Kenne, Gabriel Jacob. "Application of Fourier-transform infrared technology to the classification of harmful algal blooms (HABS)." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16188.

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Master of Public Health
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Deon Van der Merwe
Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative photosynthetic bacteria capable of producing toxins responsible for morbidity and mortality in humans and domestic animals. Many are capable of forming concentrated blooms that impact the environment by limiting the growth of sub-surface plants and phytoplankton. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are also capable of producing multiple types of toxins, creating a potential hazard to recreational water users and animals drinking water from or near a bloom. Characterization of HABs is necessary to prevent these human and animal exposures and includes classifying of the type of cyanobacteria present and whether or not they are capable of toxin production, and the exact type of cyanotoxin that is actually present in bloom. Current methods used to classify cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins include microscopy, bioassays, ELISA, PCR, HPLC, and LC/MS. All of these methods, however, have limitations that include time, labor intensity, or cost. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is another potential tool for cyanobacterial classification that is not limited by these factors. To examine the practicality of this method, library screening with default software algorithms was performed on diagnostic samples received at the Kansas State University Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, followed by PCA of samples meeting minimum quality requirements to produce cluster analyses and dendrograms. Both spectrometers and software packages used were successful at distinguishing cyanobacteria from green algae in clean samples with 89.13% agreement. PCA resulted in clear classification of cyanobacteria or green algae demonstrated by a large order of magnitude difference produced by average Euclidian distance dendrograms. While this method is only capable of differentiating cyanobacteria from green algae or other aquatic environmental constituents, its simple, rapid use and low cost make it a beneficial screening tool when coupled with toxin-detection methods to characterize HABs.

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Reinoso, Nicholas L. "Forecasting Harmful Algal Blooms for Western Lake Erie using Data Driven Machine Learning Techniques." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1494343783463819.

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