Academic literature on the topic 'Algal Biofuel Cultivation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Algal Biofuel Cultivation"
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Culaba, Alvin B., Aristotle T. Ubando, Phoebe Mae L. Ching, Wei-Hsin Chen, and Jo-Shu Chang. "Biofuel from Microalgae: Sustainable Pathways." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 8009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198009.
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As the demand for biofuels increases globally, microalgae offer a viable biomass feedstock to produce biofuel. With abundant sources of biomass in rural communities, these materials could be converted to biodiesel. Efforts are being done in order to pursue commercialization. However, its main usage is for other applications such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and aquaculture, which has a high return of investment. In the last 5 decades of algal research, cultivation to genetically engineered algae have been pursued in order to push algal biofuel commercialization. This will be beneficial to society, especially if coupled with a good government policy of algal biofuels and other by-products. Algal technology is a disruptive but complementary technology that will provide sustainability with regard to the world’s current issues. Commercialization of algal fuel is still a bottleneck and a challenge. Having a large production is technical feasible, but it is not economical as of now. Efforts for the cultivation and production of bio-oil are still ongoing and will continue to develop over time. The life cycle assessment methodology allows for a sustainable evaluation of the production of microalgae biomass to biodiesel.
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Hu, Muxin, Dichen Zhao, Qiuchi Jin, Hanrui Li, and Wenmin Wang. "Systematic review and perspective on the progress of algal biofuels." E3S Web of Conferences 257 (2021): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125703008.
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In recognition of the increasing demand of energy and the worsening environmental problems linked with fossil fuels usage, algal biofuel has been proposed as one of the alternative energy sources. It has become one of the hottest topics in renewable energy field in the new century, especially over the past decade. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of different types of algae biofuels. Besides, an in-depth evaluation of the systematic cultivation and practical application of algae have been conducted. Although algal biofuel has a great potential, its unacceptably high cost limits the large-scale industrialization. In order to resolve such restrictions, feasible methods of improving the large scale production and practical application of algal biofuels are proposed. Future efforts should be focused not only on the cost reduction and innovation techniques, but also towards high value by-products to maximize economic benefits. Our results are dedicated to provide valuable references for subsequent research and guidelines on algae biofuels field.
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Oves, Mohammad, Huda A. Qari, and Iqbal MI Ismail. "Biofuel formation from microalgae: A renewable energy source for eco-sustainability." Current World Environment 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 04–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.1.2.
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In the current scenario, biofuel production from microalgae is beneficial to sustainability. Recently, one of the most pressing concerns has been finding cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy sources to meet rising energy demands without jeopardizing environmental integrity. Microalgae provide a viable biomass feedstock for biofuel production as the global market for biofuels rises. Biodiesel made from biomass is usually regarded as one of the best natural substitutes to fossil fuels and a sustainable means of achieving energy security and economic and environmental sustainability. Cultivating genetically modified algae has been followed in recent decades of biofuel research and has led to the commercialization of algal biofuel. If it is integrated with a favorable government policy on algal biofuels and other byproducts, it will benefit society. Biofuel technology is a troublesome but complementary technology that will provide long-term solutions to environmental problems. Microalgae have high lipid content oil, fast growth rates, the ability to use marginal and infertile land, grow in wastewater and salty water streams and use solar light and CO2 gas as nutrients for high biomass development. Recent findings suggest nano additives or nanocatalysts like nano-particles, nano-sheet, nano-droplets, and nanotubes. Some specific structures used at various stages during microalgae cultivation and harvesting of the final products can enhance the biofuel efficiency and applicability without any negative impact on the environment. It offers a fantastic opportunity to produce large amounts of biofuels in an eco-friendly and long-term manner.
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Gao, Conghao, Huaijia Xin, Shu Yang, Zhuo Li, Shulin Liu, Bin Xu, Tianyang Zhang, Susmita Dutta, and Yulin Tang. "TRENDS AND PERFORMANCES OF THE ALGAL BIOFUEL: A BIBLIOMETRIC APPROACH." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 284–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.16746.
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The paper systematically presents a survey of the literature on algal biofuel by a bibliometric assessment. Based on 10,201 articles extracted from the Science Citation Index Expanded database during 1980–2019, a knowledge-generating system about algal biofuel has been established through analysis of publication performance, social networks, citations analysis and keywords analysis. Annual publication output in algal biofuel research has rapidly increased, particularly over the past decade. “Bioresource Technology” is the most outstanding journal when all analysis indices have been taken into account. The USA ranks 1st with 2,151 publications and has a high supremacy in international research collaborations. Through the analysis of keywords, the research trends of algae biofuel in algae selection, cultivation, harvesting, extraction, conversion and bioproducts are reviewed. The future of algal biofuel is quite promising, however, for its commercial production, several technical challenges like large-scale algal biomass production, cheap harvesting technology, etc. have to be met a-priori.
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Bhatt, Neha Chamoli, Amit Panwar, Tara Singh Bisht, and Sushma Tamta. "Coupling of Algal Biofuel Production with Wastewater." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/210504.
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Microalgae have gained enormous consideration from scientific community worldwide emerging as a viable feedstock for a renewable energy source virtually being carbon neutral, high lipid content, and comparatively more advantageous to other sources of biofuels. Although microalgae are seen as a valuable source in majority part of the world for production of biofuels and bioproducts, still they are unable to accomplish sustainable large-scale algal biofuel production. Wastewater has organic and inorganic supplements required for algal growth. The coupling of microalgae with wastewater is an effective way of waste remediation and a cost-effective microalgal biofuel production. In this review article, we will primarily discuss the possibilities and current scenario regarding coupling of microalgal cultivation with biofuel production emphasizing recent progress in this area.
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Ashok, K., M. Babu, S. Anandhi, G. Padmapriya, and V. Jula. "Microalgae as a renewable source of energy –processing and biofuel production a short review." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S1 (October 25, 2021): 1295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns1.1600.
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The large application potential of micro-algae in the clean energy, biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries have recently drawn a substantial world interest. Biofuels, bioactive pharmaceutical drugs and food additives are organic, natural and economical sources. As biofuels, they have a good cost, renewability or environmental replacement for liquid fossil fuels. Microalges provide productive biomass feedstock for biofuel as demand for biofuels rises worldwide. These resources may be processed into biodiesel with ample supplies of biomass in rural communities. The cultivation of genetically modified algae in recent years has been pursued to promote the marketing of algae. In particular, this would benefit society if linked with a successful policy on algal biofuels and other by-products in the government. In terms of survival of the world's current problems, Algal technologies are a transformative but complementary tool. Algal fuel marketing remains a bottleneck and a threat. It is technically possible to have a big output but it is not economic. This study therefore focuses principally on problems in commercial development of biological microalgae and potential strategies for overcoming this challenge.
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K., Santhoshkumar, Prasanthkumar S., and J. G. Ray. "Chlorococcum humicola (Nageli) Rabenhorst as a Renewable Source of Bioproducts and Biofuel." Journal of Plant Studies 5, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v5n1p48.
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Among the diverse new generation biomass yielding species, green algae are the most promising organisms. Compared to biomass production of other organisms, production of algae is less laborious, quite fast, and more economical. Moreover, eutrophicated waters get naturally purified in the cultivation process of algae. Algal biomass from monoculture of specific species, which are rich in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, is considered a good source of diverse bio-products and feed-stock for food, feeds and bio-fuels. Quantity and quality of algal biomass for specific products depend on the species and strains as well as environmental conditions of cultivation. In this connection, biomass productivity and oil-yield of a local strain of <em>Chlorococcum humicola </em>(Nageli) Rabenhorst was assessed in Bold’s Basal Medium. Long-term storage capacity of the alga was tried by entrapping the algal cells in sodium alginate beads, which showed viability up to 14 months. Estimation of total carbohydrate, protein, lipid and chemical characterization of oil as well as the feasibility of its conversion to biodiesel revealed the industrial potential of this local strain as a source of food and biofuel. Fatty acid profiling of the extracted oil showed that 70% are mono-saturated and 12.2 % are nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids. The oil could be effectively trans-esterified to methyl esters and the conversion was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Further standardization of the mass production of the alga in natural environmental conditions for biomass and oil is progressing to optimize its value as globally competent food, nutraceutical and biofuel resource.
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Jabłońska-Trypuć, Agata, Elżbieta Wołejko, Mahmudova Dildora Ernazarovna, Aleksandra Głowacka, Gabriela Sokołowska, and Urszula Wydro. "Using Algae for Biofuel Production: A Review." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041758.
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One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is to obtain an ecological source of transport fuels. The production of biofuels based on feedstock obtained through the exploitation of arable land translates into an increase in food prices and progressive degradation of the environment. Unlike traditional agricultural raw materials, algae are a neutral alternative in many respects. They can even be obtained as waste from polluted water reservoirs. One of the manifestations of the deterioration of surface waters is the eutrophication of water reservoirs, which leads to an increase in the number of algae. Algae reaching the shores of water reservoirs can be used as a raw material for the production of biofuels, including biogas, bioethanol and biodiesel. However, it should be remembered that water blooms are a periodic phenomenon, appearing in the summer months. Therefore, in order to ensure the continuity of obtaining energy from biomass, it is necessary to conduct algae cultivation in artificial open tanks or photobioreactors. Accordingly, this review first briefly discusses the properties and possible applications of different species of algae in various industrial areas, and then describes the process of eutrophication and the presence of algae in eutrophicated reservoirs. Technologies of algal cultivation in various systems and technologies of algal biomass pretreatment were critically discussed. Various methods of obtaining biomass from algae were also reviewed, and the process conditions were summarized. Biofuels of various generations and raw materials from which they are obtained are presented in order to determine the possible future directions of development in this field. Parameters affecting the selection of algae species for the production of biofuels were also examined and presented. Overall, algal biofuels still face many challenges in replacing traditional fossil fuels. Future work should focus on maximizing the yield and quality of algae-derived biofuels while increasing their economic viability.
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M. Pore, Smita, Pankaj R. Sutkar, Laxman S. Walekar, and Vinayak P. Dhulap. "Biofuel Generation by Macro and Micro Algae as a Renewable Energy Source: A Systematic Review." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.024.
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Recently, the fossil fuel consumption is increasing owed to industrial revolution which leads to serious human health and environmental problems. For sustainable energy generation and survival of human life and earth planet biofuel is an alternative source of energy. Non-renewable energy causes environmental effects which results in environmental degradation, to overcome these problems biofuel is the best environmental friendly option. Biofuel can be generated from different types of biomass, among these algae have potential to produce considerable amount of biofuel. But it is very difficult task to produce algal biofuel from specific type of algae. The present review compares and discusses the different types of feedstock, methods of oil production and improvement of method for biodiesel production and their utilization. This review mainly focuses on the cultivation and methodology for biofuel generation and recovery from algae for sustainable development.
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Rahman, Ashiqur, Saumya Agrawal, Tabish Nawaz, Shanglei Pan, and Thinesh Selvaratnam. "A Review of Algae-Based Produced Water Treatment for Biomass and Biofuel Production." Water 12, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092351.
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Produced water (PW), the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries, has the potential to be a harmless product rather than being a waste. Biological processes using microorganisms have proven useful to remediate PW contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, complex organic chemicals, and solvents. In particular, the bioremediation of PW using algae is an eco-friendly and low-cost approach due to algae’s ability to utilize certain pollutants as nutrient sources. Therefore, the utilization of PW as an algal growth medium has a great potential to eliminate chemicals from the PW and minimize the large volumes of freshwater needed for cultivation. Although several reviews describing the bioremediation of PW have been published, to the best of our knowledge, no review has exclusively focused on the algae-based PW treatment. Therefore, the present review is dedicated to filling this gap by portraying the many different facets of the algae cultivation in PW. Several algal species that are known to thrive in a wide range of salinity and the critical steps for their cultivation in hypersaline PW have been identified. Overall, this comprehensive review highlights the PW bioremediation using algae and brings attention to utilizing PW to grow biomass that can be processed to generate biofuels and useful bioproducts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Algal Biofuel Cultivation"
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Drexler, Ivy Lea Cormier. "A Passive Membrane Photobioreactor for the Isolated Cultivation of Algal Resource Utilizing Selectivity (ICARUS), with Wastewater as a Feedstock." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5414.
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Renewed momentum in the microalgae industry due to commercial interest in biofuels and bioproducts is driving the need to increase the economic competitiveness of large-scale microalgal production. Current knowledge of membrane systems common in other disciplines, such as environmental engineering, marine science, and biomedicine, are relevant to algae production. With pore sizes ranging from microns to angstroms, membranes provide tailored functions for solid/liquid separation (cell retention, biomass concentration and dewatering), gas/liquid separation (gas delivery and removal), and solute/liquid separation (bioproduct recovery, feedstock preparation and effluent recycling) that are problematic or not possible with other technologies. Though membranes have great potential to facilitate cultivation and harvesting, challenges in energy reduction and fouling mitigation need to be overcome for long-term, cost-effective applications. This body of research includes a thorough literature review of membrane applications in the algal industry and three experimental studies investigating ways to improve the cultivation and harvesting of microalgal species in wastewater.
The first study investigated the growth of native and augmented algal communities in various growth media. Algal monocultures (Chlorella sorokiniana and Botryococcus braunii) and algal communities native to clarifiers of a wastewater treatment plant were batch cultivated in 1) clarified effluent following a BOD removal reactor (PBCE), 2) clarified effluent following a nitrification reactor (PNCE), and 3) a reference medium (RM). After 12 days, all algal species achieved nitrogen removal between 68-82% in PBCE and 37-99% in PNCE, and phosphorus removal between 91-100% in PBCE and 60-100% in PNCE. The pH of the wastewater samples increased above 9.8 after cultivation of each species, which likely aided ammonia volatilization and phosphorous adsorption. Both monocultures grew readily with wastewater as a feedstock, but B. braunii experienced significant crowding from endemic fauna. In most cases, native algal species' nutrient removal efficiency was competitive with augmented algal monocultures, and in some cases achieved a higher biomass yield, demonstrating the potential to utilize native species for nutrient polishing and algal biomass production.
In the second study, the isolated cultivation of algal resource utilizing selectivity (ICARUS) process was conceived and developed. ICARUS integrates a passive membrane photobioreactor configuration with wastewater as a growth medium. Eleven membranes of varying porosity and materials were examined based on characteristics and resulting algae productivity. Four ICARUS series (40kDa-PVDF, 0.53 g L-1, 14.1 mg; 0.1µm-PVDF, 0.43 g L-1, 16.6 mg; 12kDa-RC, 0.35 g L-1, 14.5 mg; 0.2 µm-CA, 0.41 g L-1, 14.5 mg) had a final cell density and mass yield that was significantly higher than that of suspended culture (0.25 g L-1, 9.1 mg). Optimal pore size range was identified to be 50-1000 kDa. Six additional series (0.2µm-CA, 0.1µm-PVDF, 40kDa-PVDF, 12kDa-RC, 3.5kDa-PVDF, and 3kDa-RC) also sustained significantly longer exponential growth phases than the suspended cultures. The ICARUS series maintained an average pH of 9.55, which was significantly lower than the average pH of 10.21in the suspended culture. Membrane characteristics affecting the variability in microalgae productivity were evaluated in 2D and generalized linear models.
In the third study, select membranes from the laboratory experiments in Chapter 5 (12kDa-RC, 40kDa-PVDF, 7µm-NY) were tested in extended field conditions at a wastewater treatment plant, where the movement of dissolved constituents and biomass productivity were compared to that of closed suspended series. All ICARUS series had higher biomass productivity (RC, 2.87 g L-1; PVDF, 10.6 g L-1; NY, 8.45 g L-1) than the suspended series (0.38 g L-1), which was due to both a longer exponential growth phase and passive dewatering in the ICARUS series. Dissolved ions passed readily across each membrane, and no nutrient limitation was apparent in any series. Gas exchange was slower than expected, which may have been due to external and internal attached growth utilizing gases at the membrane surface. However, dissolved oxygen concentration did not limit algal growth, and adequate carbon dioxide was available to regulate ICARUS pH. In fact, the ICARUS series maintained an average pH of 7.6, whereas the pH of the control series reached 9.8-10.5. The invasion of endemic wastewater species was dependent on pore size; the RC and PVDF series maintained a monoculture, but the NY series had severe contamination.
The resulting research has demonstrated a proof-of-concept of a new microalgal cultivation method which may reduce the cost of large-scale cultivation efforts integrated at wastewater treatment plants or within existing algal production facilities. Investigating various wastewater effluents, membranes, and algal strains has allowed for recommendations for the operation of scaled-up systems. Future research should focus on mechanisms and characteristics of biofouling as well as the operation of a field scale prototype. By improving large scale algal cultivation, algal biofuels may become more economically competitive with fossil fuels or other renewables, enhancing their participation in the country's diverse energy portfolio.
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Mehlitz, Thomas Hagen. "Temperature Influence and Heat Management Requirements of Microalgae Cultivation in Photobioreactors." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/54.
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Microalgae are considered one of the most promising feedstocks for biofuel production for the future. The most efficient way to produce vast amounts of algal biomass is the use of closed tubular photobioreactors (PBR). The heat requirement for a given system is a major concern since the best algae growth rates are obtained between 25-30 °C, depending on the specific strain. A procedure to determine temperature influence on algal growth rates was developed for a lab-scale PBR system using the species Chlorella. A maximum growth rate of 1.44 doublings per day at 29 °C (optimal temperature) was determined. In addition, a dynamic mathematical model was developed to simulate heating and cooling energy requirements of tubular PBRs for any desired location. Operating the model with hourly weather data as input, heating and cooling loads can be calculated early in the planning stage of a project. Furthermore, the model makes it possible to compare the operation inside a greenhouse to the outdoor operations, and consequently provides fundamental information for an economic feasibility study. The best configuration for a specific location can be evaluated easily. The model was exemplary tested for a hypothetical 100,000 l photobioreactor located in San Luis Obispo, California, U.S.A. Average algae productivity rates of 23% and 67% for outdoor and indoor PBR operations, respectively, were obtained. Actual energy loads (heating and cooling) needed to maintain the PBR at optimal temperature were determined and compared. Sensitivity analyses had been performed for abrupt temperature and solar radiation steps, PBR row distances, ground reflectivities, and ventilation rates of the greenhouse. An optimal row distance of 0.75 m was determined for the specific PBR. The least amount of energy was needed for a ground reflectivity of 20%. The ventilation rate had no major influence on the productivity rate of the system. Results demonstrated the importance of a simulation model as well as the economic impact of a sophisticated heat management system. Energy savings due to an optimized heat management system will eventually increase proficiency of the systems, which will support a new sustainable industry and future developmental potential.
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Osundeko, Olumayowa. "Sustainable production of biofuel from microalgae grown in wastewater." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sustainable-production-of-biofuel-from-microalgae-grown-in-wastewater(e23b193b-3552-476d-be66-dbf69878dd47).html.
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Algae have been the centre of recent research as a sustainable feedstock for fuel because of their higher oil yield in comparison to other plant sources. However, algae biofuel still performs poorly from an economic and environmental perspective due to the high reliance on freshwater and nutrients for cultivation, among other challenges. The use of wastewater has been suggested as a sustainable way of overcoming these challenges because wastewater can provide a source of water and nutrients for the algae. Moreover, the ability of the algae to remove contaminants from wastewater also enhances the total economic output from the cultivation. However, the success of this strategy still depends greatly on efficient strain selection, cultivation and harvesting. Therefore, this PhD thesis has focussed on strain isolation, characterisation, optimisation and cultivation in open pond systems. Five algae strains were isolated from wastewater treatment tanks at a municipal water treatment plant in North West England. The isolated strains were morphologically and genetically characterised as green single-celled microalgae: Chlamydomonas debaryana, Hindakia tetrachotoma, Chlorella luteoviridis, Parachlorella hussii and Desmodesmus subspicatus. An initial screening of these strains concluded that C. luteoviridis and P. hussii were outstanding in all comparisons and better than some of the strains previously reported in the literature. Further tests carried out to elucidate the underlying tolerance mechanisms possessed by these strains were based on stress tolerance and acclimation hypotheses. In the following experiments, C. luteoviridis and P. hussii were found to have higher anti-oxidant enzyme activity that helps in scavenging reactive oxygen species produced as a result of exposure to wastewater. This result provides a new argument for screening microalgae strains for wastewater cultivation on the basis of anti-oxidant activity. In addition, the two strains could grow heterotrophically and are better adapted to nutrient deficiency stress than the other three isolates. In order to understand the role of microalgae acclimation in wastewater cultivation, strains identical or equivalent to the wastewater treatment tank isolates were obtained from an algae culture collection. These strains had not been previously exposed to wastewater secondary effluent. The initial growth of these strains in wastewater secondary effluent was very poor. However, after two months of acclimation to increasing concentrations of secondary wastewater effluent, it was observed that growth, biomass and lipid productivities of most of the strains were significantly improved, although still not as high as the indigenous strains. Therefore, it was concluded that continuous acclimation is an additional factor to the successful growth of algae in wastewater. Furthermore, addition of 25% activated sludge centrate liquor to the secondary effluent was found to increase algal growth and biomass productivity significantly. Futher tests to examine the continous cultivation of C. luteoviridis and P. hussii in wastewater showed that a biomas productivity of 1.78 and 1.83 g L-1 d-1 can be achieved on a continual basis. Finally, the capability of C. luteoviridis and P. hussii for full seasonal cultivation in a 150 L open pond in a temperate climate was studied, using the optimised secondary wastewater +25% liquor medium. Each strain was capable of growth all year including in autumn and winter but with strongest growth, productivity and remediation characteristics in the summer and spring. They could maintain monoculture growth with no significant contamination or culture crash, demonstrating the robustness of these strains for wastewater cultivation in a northern European climate.
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Abitha, R. "Algiculture - A Novel Algae Cultivation Technique for Sustinable Algal Biofuel Production and Capture of Green House Gases." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4070.
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Algal biofuel has been shown to have great potential to solve the World’s sustainable energy crisis but technologies for large-scale cultivation are still elusive. While photobioreactors meet very high value algal products there is still no technology for producing algae by the millions of tons. Flooded paddy lands of India offer excellent opportunities for co-cultivation of algae with paddy crop provided it meets various sustainability criteria, not to mention very low cost options. This research examines sustainability, technology and climate change challenges to this above concept termed “Algiculture”. The potential of naturally emerging algal consortia to overcome travails of pure-culture, the ability to scavenge ‘lost’ plant nutrients in flooded paddy, overcome threats by grazers and predators, evolving naturally mediated techniques to harvest algae, impact on methane emissions, etc. were examined critically under laboratory and flooded paddy conditions. Experimental results indicate that many of the sustainability criteria can be met by growing algae simultaneously with a paddy crop for the first 60-75d which doubles the overall biomass yield from such lands. Algae raised can scavenge ammoniacal-N that generally occurs as unavoidable losses in flooded paddy system and can thus be raised without additional fertilizer inputs. This simultaneously ameliorates the N-pollution from paddy runoff to water bodies. Algal cultivation with paddy (Algiculture) alters micro-environmental conditions e.g. oxygen supersaturation, to make methane emissions unfavourable and by contrast algae even take up the C hitherto wasted away as methane and thereby converting an environmental liability to conservation. Consortia dominated by Chlorella and Chlorococcum sp. along with a small number of Cyanophycaeans facilitate simple low energy algal harvest techniques employing clumping and floc-formation that enables maintaining appropriate stocking density of algae and allowing continuous operation. The pattern of grazer /predator occurrence in such systems, techniques to minimize their influence by merely altering the cultivation conditions have been worked out and tested successful. The causes of reduction in methane emissions and C-source identification have
been assessed with 13C discrimination studies. The research creates a new potential reducing GHG on the one hand for also raising sustainable bioenergy options in India as well as in all flooded paddy lands of the world
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PILNÝ, Jan. "Biofuels from algae: Physiological characterization of candidate diatom species." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-52544.
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The aim of this study was to isolate and extensively test promising candidate diatom species for biodiesel cultivation. Diatom strains were isolated from natural habitats in the state of Ohio (USA). These strains were tested to find optimal growing conditions and media (concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Silica, source of Nitrogen, temperature etc.).
Books on the topic "Algal Biofuel Cultivation"
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Karaca, Hüseyin, and Cemil Koyunoğlu, eds. Algal Biotechnology for Fuel Applications. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150510011220601.
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Intensive use of fossil-based energy sources causes significant environmental problems on a global scale. Researchers have been working for several decades to find alternative energy solutions to fossil fuels. Algae are a renewable energy source, with high potential for increasing scarce resources and reducing environmental problems caused by fossil fuel use. Algal Biotechnology for Fuel Applications gives the reader a comprehensive picture of the industrial use of algae for generating power. This book informs readers about the existence of alternative species to the currently used algae species for biofuel production, while also explaining the methods and current concepts in sustainable biofuel production. Key Features - Fifteen chapters covering topics on commercial algae species and algal biofuel production. - Covers anaerobic biotechnology and basic biofuel production from thermal liquefaction - Covers biodiesel production and algal biofuel characterization - Introduces the reader to applied microbial fuel cell technology and algae cultivation methods - Provides concepts about ecological engineering - Covers microalgae culture and biofuel production techniques - Explains the importance of catalysts - Explains the economic evaluation of algae fuel production technology This reference is essential reading for students and academics involved in environmental science, biotechnology, chemical engineering and sustainability education programs. It also serves as a reference for general readers who want to understand the ins and outs of algal biofuel technology.
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El-Sheekh, Mostafa, and Abd El-Fatah Abomohra. Handbook of Algal Biofuels: Aspects of Cultivation, Conversion, and Biorefinery. Elsevier, 2021.
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El-Sheekh, Mostafa, and Abd El-Fatah Abomohra. Handbook of Algal Biofuels: Aspects of Cultivation, Conversion, and Biorefinery. Elsevier, 2021.
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Government, U. S., U. S. Department of Energy, and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Algal Biofuels Guide: Renewable Energy from Algae, Macroalgae , Cyanobacteria, Feedstocks, Cultivation, Harvesting, Extraction, Conversion, Distribution and Utilization. Independently Published, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Algal Biofuel Cultivation"
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Sen, Ramkrishna, and Shantonu Roy. "Algal Cultivation and Biodiesel Production from Its Biomass." In Biofuel Production, 97–114. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003224587-6.
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Lizzul, Alessandro Marco, and Michael J. Allen. "Algal Cultivation Technologies." In Biofuels and Bioenergy, 191–211. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118350553.ch12.
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Bajpai, Pratima. "Regulations on Cultivation and Processing of Genetically Modified Algae." In Fourth Generation Biofuels, 49–54. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2001-1_5.
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Rangabhashiyam, S. "Cultivation of Microalgae in Industrial Effluent for Simultaneous Pollutant Removal and Biofuel Production." In Algae and Sustainable Technologies, 65–84. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003001911-5.
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Aman, Afreen, and H. N. Chanakya. "Sustainable Algal Cultivation by Effective Utilization of MSW Digestate Slurry and Biogas By-Products—An Advanced Approach Towards Carbon Fixation and Generation of Biofuels." In Waste Valorisation and Recycling, 281–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2784-1_27.
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Tiwari, Archana, Thomas Kiran, and Anjana Pandey. "Algal cultivation for biofuel production." In Second and Third Generation of Feedstocks, 383–403. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815162-4.00014-8.
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Lam, Man Kee, and Keat Teong Lee. "Scale-Up and Commercialization of Algal Cultivation and Biofuel Production." In Biofuels from Algae, 261–86. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-59558-4.00012-7.
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Mu, Dongyan, Chunhua Xin, and Wenguang Zhou. "Life Cycle Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis of Algal Biofuel Production." In Microalgae Cultivation for Biofuels Production, 281–92. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817536-1.00018-7.
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Ghangrekar, Makarand M., and Swati Das. "Integration of wastewater treatment with algal cultivation for the production of biofuel and bioenergy." In An Integration of Phycoremediation Processes in Wastewater Treatment, 289–312. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823499-0.00014-6.
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Rahimi, Mohammadhosein, Mina Tajmirriahi, and Ronald Halim. "Cultivation of Algae and Its Biorefinery Approach." In Handbook of Research on Algae as a Sustainable Solution for Food, Energy, and the Environment, 175–96. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2438-4.ch007.
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During the past decades, algae have attracted worldwide attention as a sustainable bioresource to produce various biochemicals and biofuels. However, the prohibitive cost of algal biomass production and processing casts doubt on the industrial applications of algae. Hence, many efforts have been made to enhance the viability of these species. One serious challenge is maximizing algal biomass production. Since algal growth is strain-specific, the optimization of cultivation conditions (pH, illumination, temperature, and nutrients) can significantly tackle the problem of algal biomass production. Another way of reducing the production costs and enhancing the viability of algal biotechnology is the fractionation of all major components, known as a multi-product biorefinery. Various upstream and downstream processes are involved in an algae biorefinery. Therefore, having detailed knowledge about these bioprocesses and how to optimize them is a milestone for the commercialization of algae. Consequently, this chapter aims to provide an overview of algae cultivation methods and parameters affecting algae growth as well as different microalgae cultivation systems. Besides, it describes the bioprocesses involved in an algae biorefinery and their bioproducts.
Conference papers on the topic "Algal Biofuel Cultivation"
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Ozkan, Altan, and Halil Berberoglu. "Adhesion of Chlorella vulgaris on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64133.
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This experimental study reports the adhesion rate and adhesion density of Chlorella vulgaris on hydrophilic glass, and hydrophobic indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces at constant shear rate. Cultivation of algae as biofilms offers an energy and water efficient method for algal biofuel production. In order to design algal biofilm cultivation systems, algal adhesion and biofilm formation on substrates with different surface properties must be known. To assess this, a parallel plate flow chamber was used to quantify the adhesion rate of the commonly used algae Chlorella vulgaris to the surfaces under controlled shear rates. The contact angle and zeta potential measurements were made both for the algal cells and the adhesion surfaces to model adhesion. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek (DLVO), extended DLVO (XDLVO) theories, and the thermodynamic model. The experiments showed that the rate of adhesion over the hydrophobic surface was 81 cells mm−2min−1 which was 3 times larger than that of the hydrophilic surface for the first forty minutes of the adhesion experiments. Moreover, the final adhesion density over the hydrophobic surface was 6182 mm−2 after an experimental duration of 320 minutes which was 2.7 times that of the hydrophilic surface. Detachment studies done with increased shear rates showed that the adhesion strength of algae was also higher over the hydrophobic surface. The experimental results fit best with the results from the XDLVO theory. However, the model was inaccurate in predicting high detachment rate from the hydrophilic surface with increased shear rates. Results show the importance of surface material selection for the initial adhesion of cells. These results can be used for selection and design of surface materials for optimizing initial adhesion of algae cells in algal biofilm photobioreactors. Furthermore, the results can also be used for the design of planktonic photobioreactors to avoid biofouling.
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Ubando, Aristotle T., Joel L. Cuello, Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi, Alvin B. Culaba, and Raymond R. Tan. "Multi-Regional Multi-Objective Optimization of an Algal Biofuel Polygeneration Supply Chain With Fuzzy Mathematical Programming." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6461.
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A polygeneration approach is proposed to improve the economic viability of algal biofuel production through simultaneous production of co-products (i.e. electricity, heat, and other biochemicals). A multi-regional polygeneration supply chain consists of various array of processing plants in producing multiple bioenergy products given spatial constraints of each plant found in different regions. The inherent complexity of the polygeneration compounds the difficulty of designing the composite network of processing plants in multi-regions. Optimizing the design flow of the polygeneration supply chain considers multiple objectives, such as satisfying product demand, maximizing economic performance, and minimizing environmental footprint. In addition, the optimal strategic capacity design of the supply and distribution of biodiesel across multi-regions are considered. This study uses a fuzzy mathematical programming model to generate an optimized design of the polygeneration supply chain while satisfying all objectives. The developed model is demonstrated using a modified industrial case study comparing two cultivation alternatives. Results showed that all fuzzy multi-objective goals are satisfied and the flat-plate photobioreactor is the preferred cultivation system in terms of environmental footprints and economic performance.
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Bucy, Harrison, and Anthony J. Marchese. "Oxidative Stability of Algae Derived Methyl Esters Containing Varying Levels of Methyl Eicosapentaenoate and Methyl Docosahexaenoate." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60047.
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Microalgae is currently receiving strong consideration as a potential biofuel feedstock to help meet the advanced biofuels mandate of the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act because of its theoretically high yield (gallons/acre/year) in comparison to current terrestrial feedstocks. Microalgae lipids can be converted into a variety of biofuels including fatty acid methyl esters (e.g. biodiesel), renewable diesel, renewable gasoline or synthetic paraffinic aviation kerosene. For algal methyl ester biodiesel, fuel properties will be directly related to the fatty acid composition of the lipids produced by the given microalgae strain. Several microalgae species under consideration for wide scale cultivation, such as Nannochloropsis, produce lipids with fatty acid compositions containing substantially higher quantities of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in comparison to terrestrial feedstocks. It is expected that increased levels of LC-PUFA will be problematic in terms of meeting all of the current ASTM specifications for biodiesel. For example, it is well known that oxidative stability decreases with increasing levels of LC-PUFA. However, these same LC-PUFA fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA: C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: C22:6) are known to have high nutritional value thereby making separation of these compounds economically attractive. Given the uncertainty in the future value of these LC-PUFA compounds and the economic viability of the separation process, the goal of this study was to examine the oxidative stability of algal methyl esters with varying levels of EPA and DHA. Tests were conducted using a Metrohm 743 Rancimat with automatic induction period determination following ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, which call for induction periods of at least 3 hours and 6 hours, respectively. Tests were conducted at a temperature of 110°C and airflow of 10 L/h with model algal methyl ester compounds synthesized from various sources to match the fatty acid compositions of several algae strains subjected to varying removal amounts of roughly 0 to 100 percent LC-PUFA. In addition, tests were also conducted with real algal methyl esters produced from multiple sources. The bis-allylic position equivalent (BAPE) was calculated for each fuel sample to quantify the level of unsaturation. The induction period was then plotted as a function of BAPE, which showed that the oxidative stability varied exponentially with the amount of LC-PUFA. The results suggest that removal of 45 to 65 percent of the LC-PUFA from Nannochloropsis-based algal methyl esters would be sufficient for meeting existing ASTM specifications for oxidative stability.
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Khot, Mahesh Balwant. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) of microbial oil-derived fuels and other non-fuel products." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/imol9786.
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Much literature is available on fungal lipids and their capability as a renewable oil platform for alternate fuels, chemicals, and food products. Microbial oils will not displace all edible oils soon, given techno-economical hurdles in commercialization. However, continued research & development can flatten the curve of deforestation and land-use impacts associated with cultivating these crops. To better understand how oleaginous yeasts and fungi could alleviate the challenges related to the energy-environment-food nexus, it becomes critical to investigate their potential environmental impacts quantitively compared to other feedstocks. Life cycle analysis or assessment (LCA) is a standard tool used for this purpose. LCA studies are not being conducted on a broader scale for fungus-derived oils than their phototrophic algal counterparts. The different stages in the life cycle of fungal lipid production that can be analyzed for environmental implications include cultivation and fermentation, oil extraction; further downstream processing; and end-use. The LCA method for fungal lipid-derived biofuel production systems should cover the main sustainability concerns of biofuel production systems: energy efficiency, climate change, and land occupation. With the scope of microbial oil applications expanding beyond non-fuel encompassing food, supplements, and medicines, their subsequent environmental implications need to be investigated. Further work is required in this area. There are significant knowledge gaps in life cycle inventory and impact assessment information for non-fuel applications.
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Ubando, Aristotle T., Michael Angelo B. Promentilla, Alvin B. Culaba, and Raymond R. Tan. "Application of spatial analytic hierarchy process in the selection of algal cultivation site for biofuel production: A case study in the Philippines." In 2015 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/r10-htc.2015.7391850.
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Sharma, Rohan, Scott Shirley, Tahir Farrukh, Mohammadhassan Kavosi, and Myeongsub Kim. "Microalgae Harvesting in a Microfluidic Centrifugal Separator for Enhanced Biofuel Production." In ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2020-1078.
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Abstract Biofuel is one of the renewable energy resources alternatives to fossil fuels [1]. Among various sources for biofuels, microalgae provide at least three-orders-of-magnitude higher production rate of biodiesel at a given land area than conventional crop-based methods. However, microalgal biodiesel still suffers from significantly lower harvesting performance, making such a fuel less competitive. To increase the separation performance of microalgae from cultivation solution, we used a spiral microchannel that enables the isolation of biofuel-algae particles from water and contaminants contained in the culturing solution. Our preliminary data show that separation performance in the microfluidic centrifugal separator is as high as 88% within a quick separation time of 30 seconds. To optimize separation performance, multiple parameters of algae behaviors and separation techniques were studied and were manipulated to achieve better performance. We found that changing these factors altered the separation performance by increasing or decreasing flocculation, or “clumping” of the microalgae within the microchannels. The important characteristics of the separator geometry, fluid properties, and environmental conditions on algae separation was found and will be further studied in the forthcoming tests. This introductory study reveals that there is an opportunity to improve the currently low performance of algae separation in centrifugal systems using much smaller designs in size, ensuring a much more efficient algae harvesting.
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Ozkan, Altan, Kerry Kinney, Lynn Katz, and Halil Berberoglu. "Novel Algae Biofilm Photobioreactor for Reduced Energy and Water Usage." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39621.
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This paper reports the design and performance of a novel photobioreactor that decreases the water requirements of algae cultivation and energy requirements of harvesting and downstream processing for biofuel production compared to conventional technologies. The photobioreactor cultivates algae as a biofilm, immobilized on carbonated concrete surface. In this study the well known lipid producer Botryococcus braunii was used. The nutrient solution was flown over the surface to enhance the mass transfer of nutrients in and metabolites out of the algae biofilm. The prototype featured a footprint area of 0.275 m2 and has been operated for 35 days. The algae concentration in the photobioreactor reached 30.73 kg/m3 with a maximum total lipid content of 12.3% by dry weight. The water requirement for cultivation was reduced up to by about 41.58 times and energy required for nutrient delivery was estimated to be reduced by about 230 times with respect to raceway ponds.
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Murphy, Thomas E., and Halil Berberoglu. "Transient Analysis of Microorganism Temperature and Evaporative Losses in an Algae Biofilm Photobioreactor." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44347.
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This study describes the thermal modeling of a novel algal biofilm photobioreactor aimed at cultivating algae for biofuel production. The thermal model is developed to assess the photo-bioreactor’s thermal profile and evaporative water loss rate for a range of environmental parameters, including relative humidity, ambient air temperature, solar irradiation, and wind speed. First, a 24 hour simulation of the system has been performed using environmental data for Memphis, TN, USA on a typical spring day to assess the diurnal variations in system performance. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the effect of each environmental parameter on the temperature and evaporative losses of the photobioreactor. It is observed that because of the high surface area-to-volume ratio of the system, the temperature of the system exceeds that of the maximum ambient temperature during daylight hours by approximately 0.5 °C and is lower than the minimum ambient temperature at night by approximately 1.4 °C because of evaporative and radiative cooling. Furthermore, without active cooling, the characteristic evaporative water loss from the system is approximately 4.8 L/m2-day.
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Quiroz-Arita, Carlos. "Turbulence characterization of algae and viscous cyanobacterial polycultures in open-channel raceways: Implications in the design of cultivation systems." In Proposed for presentation at the International Conference on Algal Biomass, Biofuels & Bioproducts held June 14-16, 2021, Virtual, United States. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1873058.
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Bolhouse, Angel, Altan Ozkan, and Halil Berberoglu. "Rheological Study of Algae Slurries for Minimizing Pumping Power." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39472.
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This paper reports the rheological properties of algae slurries as a function of cell concentration. From both energy and economic perspectives, the algae slurry for producing biofuels should have rheological attributes that minimizes the pumping power requirements while delivering the maximum amount of biomass from the cultivation fields to the biorefinery. To achieve this, an accurate knowledge of the rheological properties of algae slurries as a function of cell concentration is necessary. This study measures the rheological properties of eight different concentrations of Nannochloris sp. in ASP-m nutrient media ranging from 0.5 to 80 kg dry biomass/m3. Strain controlled dynamic frequency sweep tests, transient step rate tests, and steady rate sweep tests were performed with an ARES-TA Rheometer using a double wall couette cup and bob attachment. Shear rates ranged from 5–270 s−1. The results show that the concentrations of 10 kg/m3 and below behaved as Newtonian fluids with a dynamic viscosity of 1.1×10−3 Pa-s while the concentrations of 20 kg/m3 and above behaved as shear thinning non-Newtonian fluids. Finally, an energy analysis was performed where a non-dimensional bioenergy transport efficiency was defined as the ratio of the energy content of transported algae biomass to the required pumping power. The results show that an optimal biomass concentration minimizing pumping requirements occurs at the highest dry biomass concentration.
Reports on the topic "Algal Biofuel Cultivation"
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Neal, Justin N., Enid J. Sullivan, Cynthia A. Dean, and Seth A. Steichen. Recycling produced water for algal cultivation for biofuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1048383.
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