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1
Norton, Trevor A., Michael Melkonian, and Robert A. Andersen. "Algal biodiversity." Phycologia 35, no. 4 (July 1996): 308–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-35-4-308.1.
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Alfaro, Andrea C., W. Lindsey Zemke-White, and Winifereti Nainoca. "Faunal composition within algal mats and adjacent habitats on Likuri Island, Fiji Islands." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 2 (November 17, 2008): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408002774.
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The faunal composition within three mono-specific algal habitats was investigated at Likuri Island, southern Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Gracilaria maramae was the dominant alga within algal drift mat, seagrass bed, and rocky substrate habitats at the study site. This algal species exhibits two distinctive morphologies depending on whether it is attached or loose-lying. When attached to seagrass blades or rocky substrates, this alga has long straight branches stemming from a single holdfast, while detached individuals develop curled tendrils that re-attach to adjacent substrates. Re-attachment behaviour and high growth rates result in a dense mat of drift algae, which provides a suitable micro-habitat for macro-invertebrates. The sources of algal fragments that contribute to the algal mat appear to be nearby seagrass beds and rocky substrates, where this species may settle directly from spores. Storm events may detach these algae, although pulling experiments showed that the attachment to rocky substrates is 5 times stronger than the attachment to seagrass blades. Results from the macro-faunal samples indicate that the loose-lying algal mat habitat had the highest abundance and biodiversity of organisms, followed by the seagrass bed, and then the rocky substrate habitat. The ability of loose G. maramae fragments to re-attach, along with their high growth rate, may provide a unique micro-habitat for highly abundant and diverse faunal assemblages, which in turn may sustain adjacent near-shore communities. This study highlights the ecological importance of floating algal mats to coastal ecosystems, which should be considered in future management strategies throughout the Fiji Islands.
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Zemke-White, L. W., and E. L. Beatson. "Algal community composition within territories of the damselfish Stegastes nigricans (Pomacentridae, Labroidei) in Fiji and the Cook Islands." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 23, no. 1 (2005): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp05008.
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The species composition of algal assemblages inside territories of the damselfish Stegastes nigricans was examined from Nananu-i-ra Island, Fiji and Rarotonga, Cook Islands. A total of 32 algal species were identified, the majority of them Rhodophytes (24 species). Seven species were unique to Rarotonga, six were unique to Fiji, with the remaining 19 species recorded at both locations. The biodiversity of territories was similar at both locations. The red alga, Herposiphonia secunda, was the most abundant species found, comprising 40.33% � 3.51SE and 33.94% � 3.58SE from Rarotonga and Fiji respectively. Gelidiopsis intricata, Polysiphonia sp., Aglaothamnion cordatum, and various Cyanophytes were also abundant at both locations. As a group, filamentous algae accounted for 70.35% of the algae found within the territories at all sites. We suggest that if S. nigricans are actively weeding their territories, they are selecting filamentous algae, and particularly Herposiphonia sp. and Polysiphonia sp.
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Barinova, Sophia, Eibi Nevo, and Tatiana Bragina. "Ecological assessment of wetland ecosystems of northern Kazakhstan on the basis of hydrochemistry and algal biodiversity." Acta Botanica Croatica 70, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 215–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10184-010-0020-7.
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Ecological assessment of wetland ecosystems of northern Kazakhstan on the basis of hydrochemistry and algal biodiversity We studied diversity of algae and cyanobacteria in the wetlands of protected natural lakes with salinity ranging from 0.19 up to 32.7 in the arid/semiarid regions of Northern Kazakhstan. In plankton and periphyton of 34 lakes, we found 254 species belonging to 113 genera of 8 algal divisions. The diversity in arid regions is represented by widespread species of diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria in similar proportions. Alkaliphiles, among the indicators of acidification, and betamesosaprobionts, among the indicators of saprobity, predominated. The indices of saprobity in lakes varied from 1.47 to 2.7, reflecting low-trophic and low anthropogenically disturbed wetlands. Oligohalobes-indifferents are most common. Highly diverse algal communities were found irrespective of various levels of mineralization. As a consequence of aridization, salinity increase suppressed algal diversity. The mineralization was the most important variable defining the diversity levels, irrespective of the type and location of wetland lakes in the arid regions.
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Fučíková, Karolina, Melissa Taylor, Louise A. Lewis, Brian K. Niece, Aleeza S. Isaac, and Nicole Pietrasiak. "Johansenicoccus eremophilus gen. et sp. nov., a novel evolutionary lineage in Chlorophyceae with unusual genomic features." Plant Ecology and Evolution 156, no. 3 (September 6, 2023): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.105762.
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Background – Green algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotes, yet are still vastly understudied compared to land plants. For many years, green algae were characterized based on their morphology and life cycles. More recently, phylogenetic and genomic analyses have been added to the phycological toolkit for a better understanding of algal biodiversity and evolutionary history. Material and methods – A desert strain of green algae was isolated from Joshua Tree National Park (JTNP) in southern California as part of a larger biodiversity survey. The alga’s nuclear rRNA genes as well as the chloroplast genome were sequenced, annotated, and analysed in addition to a morphological assessment. Results – Morphologically this strain is especially similar to Pseudomuriella and Rotundella, and its lipid profile resembles that of other soil algae, but phylogenomic analyses demonstrate that it is a distinct evolutionary lineage in Chlorophyceae. The alga exhibits several unusual genomic features, the most remarkable being its highly derived yet apparently functional nuclear rRNA genes, 18S and 28S. Both genes are GC-rich and bear many compensatory base changes to maintain a similar secondary structure to that of other green algae. The chloroplast genome has a distinct gene order and repeat arrangement from other published green algal plastomes, but contains the expected genes and also provides phylogenetically informative data. Conclusion – We conclude that the strain be placed into a new species and genus in the class Chlorophyceae, and propose the name Johansenicoccus eremophilus for this new taxon. Johansenicoccus eremophilus exemplifies science’s insufficient understanding of the range of genomic variations among inconspicuous soil algae.
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Sansone, Clementina, and Christophe Brunet. "Marine Algal Antioxidants." Antioxidants 9, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9030206.
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Khan, Amna Komal, Humera Kausar, Syyada Samra Jaferi, Samantha Drouet, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi, and Sumaira Anjum. "An Insight into the Algal Evolution and Genomics." Biomolecules 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111524.
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With the increase in biotechnological, environmental, and nutraceutical importance of algae, about 100 whole genomic sequences of algae have been published, and this figure is expected to double in the coming years. The phenotypic and ecological diversity among algae hints at the range of functional capabilities encoded by algal genomes. In order to explore the biodiversity of algae and fully exploit their commercial potential, understanding their evolutionary, structural, functional, and developmental aspects at genomic level is a pre-requisite. So forth, the algal genomic analysis revealed us that algae evolved through endosymbiotic gene transfer, giving rise to around eight phyla. Amongst the diverse algal species, the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has attained the status of model organism as it is an ideal organism to elucidate the biological processes critical to plants and animals, as well as commercialized to produce range of bio-products. For this review, an overview of evolutionary process of algae through endosymbiosis in the light of genomics, as well as the phylogenomic, studies supporting the evolutionary process of algae was reviewed. Algal genomics not only helped us to understand the evolutionary history of algae but also may have an impact on our future by helping to create algae-based products and future biotechnological approaches.
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Kozlova, Ekaterina V., Svetlana E. Mazina, and Vladimir Pešić. "BIODIVERSITY OF PHOTOTROPHS IN ILLUMINATED ENTRANCE ZONES OF SEVEN CAVES IN MONTENEGRO." Ecologica Montenegrina 20 (February 10, 2019): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.20.3.
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The biodiversity of the entrance zones of the Montenegro caves is barely studied, therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the biodiversity of several caves in Montenegro. The samples of phototrophs were taken from various substrates of the entrance zone of 7 caves in July 2017. A total of 87 species of phototrophs were identified, including 64 species of algae and Cyanobacteria, and 21 species of Bryophyta. Comparison of biodiversity was carried out using Jacquard and Shorygin indices. The prevalence of cyanobacteria in the algal flora and the dominance of green algae were revealed. The composition of the phototrophic communities was influenced mainly by the morphology of the entrance zones, not by the spatial proximity of the studied caves.
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Andriyani, Nuraina, Arif Mahdiana, Rose Dewi, Yusuf Subagyo, Asrul sahri siregar, Teuku Junaidi, and Taufan harisam. "Biodiversity of algae potentially HABS (Harmfull Algae Blooms) in reservoir Mrica, Banjarnegara." E3S Web of Conferences 47 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184703001.
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It has been reported that the waters of the reservoir Mrica-Banjarnegara were mesotropik-hypereutrophic conditions, potential algal bloom is of Division: Cyanophyta is Microcystis; Chlorophyta is pediastrum; Chrysophyceae is Pyrophyta nitzchia and is Ceratium. Research the types of algae that Potentially HABS (harmfull Algae Blooms) has been Carried out as a continuation of the kinds of research that have the potential of algae blooming. Survey methods was used. Sampling was done by purposive sampling, through 5 (five) sampling sites. Data were Analyzed descriptively. The results Showed that the algae are Potentially HABS of the division Cyanophyta are Microcystis, Anabaena, Oscillatoria and phormidium.
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Chou, Jui-Yu, Shao-Lun Liu, Yu-Der Wen, and Wei-Lung Wang. "Phylogenetic analysis of Bangiadulcis atropurpurea (A. Roth) W.A. Nelson and Bangia fuscopurpurea (Dillwyn) Lyngbye (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) in Taiwan." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 2 (2015): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs140902009c.
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Samples of the freshwater red algae, Bangiadulcis atropurpurea, collected from the mountain waterfalls and its close species, Bangia fuscopurpurea, collected from coasts, were phylogenetically analyzed. The sequences of the rbcL gene and RuBisCO spacer region of the freshwater Bangiadulcis atropurpurea species were identical or similar to those of B. atropurpurea from Japan, North America and Europe. This result indicated that the freshwater Bangiadulcis species from Taiwan shared a common ancestor with the three above-mentioned populations and formed a distinct clade from the marine Bangia species in the phylogenetic trees. It is suggested that all the previous records on marine Bangia species should be revised and the name B. fuscopurpurea be used for the marine species in Taiwan. In this study, the freshwater alga B. atropurpurea presents a new record in the algal flora of Taiwan. This finding is important for the protection of the biodiversity of red algal flora, and provides useful information on the ecological conservation of the species in Taiwan.
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Alfasane, Md Almujaddade, Md Miraj Kobad Chowdhury, and Maliha Mehnaz. "Molecular characterization and new reports of two green algae from Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 26, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v26i1.41915.
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This communication portrays the molecular characterization and confirms the new reports of two fresh water green algae namely, Pithophora polymorpha Wittrock and Spirogyra maxima (Hassall) Wittrock from Bangladesh. The samples of these algal species were cultured and partial 18S rDNA was sequenced and analysed for their molecular identification. It was found that the primers reported here could sufficiently identify these algae as P. polymorpha and S. maxima. Furthermore, the Neighbour joining (NJ) tree generated from 18s rDNA sequences suggested that Spirogyra maxima of Bangladesh is distantly related to the cluster of S. juergensii and S. platensis. Pithophora polymorpha along with P. roettleri, P. sano and Pithophora sp. seems to form a strongly supported monophyletic group. The alga AP1 clusters with Pithophora and the alga AS1 clusters with Spirogyra. This study is the first-time report of molecular identification of Bangladeshi algae and a landmark towards the future exploration of thealgal biodiversity of Bangladesh.
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Gao, Yuan. "Seasonal Dynamics of Algal Biodiversity and Water Quality Assessment of Jiangsu Shilianghe Reservoir in China." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.61.
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Analysis of 4 sampling surveys on Jiangsu Shilianghe reservoir in May, July and October of 2011 and January of 2012, 109 species of algae belonging to 7 divisions were totally identified. The green algae and diatoms were the main species while Euglena and Cryptomonas were rare. The algal cell density in each season was compared as follows: summer (63.77 × 1000000 / L) > autumn (61.87 ×1000000 / L) > spring (43.31 ×1000000 / L) > winter (37.922 ×1000000 / L). Algae Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou indexes of each season were compared and described as follows: summer (2.71, 0.41) > winter (2.09, 0.32) > autumn (2.05, 0.31) > spring (1.85, 0.28). The Margalef indexes of each season were compared as follows: summer (1.51) > spring (1.38) > autumn (1.19) > winter (0.86). The water quality was assessed as α-medium pollution according to biological indicators. Sand mining, cages and obstruction between rivers and lakes may be the main reasons that lead to high algal cell density and low index of species diversity.
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Tsarenko, Petro M., Olena P. Bilous, Olha M. Kryvosheia-Zakharova, Halyna H. Lilitska, and Sophia Barinova. "Diversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria and Bioindication Characteristics of the Alpine Lake Nesamovyte (Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine) from 100 Years Ago to the Present." Diversity 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13060256.
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The species diversity and changes in the structural dynamics of the algal flora from the alpine lake Nesamovyte has been studied for 100 years. During the period of investigations, 234 species (245 infraspecific taxa) were revealed to cover more than 70% of the modern species composition of the studied lake. The modern biodiversity of algae is characterized by an increase in the number of widespread forms, a change from the baseline “montane” complex in comparison to the beginning of the 20th century. Nevertheless, the Nesamovyte Lake still has a unique algae composition that is typical for high-mountainous European lakes. The presence of a different complex of conventionally arctic species of algae, in particular, diatoms is discussed. Structural changes in the taxonomic composition of the algal flora of the lake as well as in the complex of the leading genera, species and their diversity are revealed. An ecological analysis of the algal species composition of the lake showed vulnerability and degradation to the ecosystem of the lake. On this basis, the issue regarding the question of protection and preservation of the algae significance and uniqueness of the flora of algae in the Nesamovyte Lake are discussed.
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Sun, Longfei, Leixiang Wu, Xiaobo Liu, Wei Huang, Dayu Zhu, Zhuowei Wang, Ronghao Guan, and Xingchen Liu. "Reducing the Risk of Benthic Algae Outbreaks by Regulating the Flow Velocity in a Simulated South–North Water Diversion Open Channel." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 3564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043564.
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The reduction in open-channel flow velocity due to China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNP) increases the risk of benthic algal community blooms resulting in drinking water safety issues. Consequently, it has attracted attention from all walks of life. However, regulatory measures to mitigate the risk of algal blooms and the main risk-causing factors are unclear. This study simulated the river ecosystem of the SNP channel through water diversion. Simulated gradient-increasing river flow velocity affects environmental factors and benthic algal alterations, and can be used to explore the feasibility of regulating the flow velocity to reduce the risk of algal blooms. We found that the algal biomasses in the velocity environments of 0.211 and 0.418 m/s decreased by 30.19% and 39.88%, respectively. Community structure alterations from diatoms to filamentous green algae were 75.56% and 87.53%, respectively. We observed significant differences in biodiversity, especially in terms of richness and evenness. The α diversity index of a species is influenced by physical and chemical environmental factors (especially flow velocity). Our study revealed that flow velocity is the main factor affecting the growth and outbreak of benthic algae. The risk of algal blooms in open channels can be effectively mitigated by regulating the flow velocity. This provides a theoretical basis for ensuring the water safety of large-scale water conservancy projects.
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Bowman, John P., Mark V. Brown, and David S. Nichols. "Biodiversity and ecophysiology of bacteria associated with Antarctic sea ice." Antarctic Science 9, no. 2 (June 1997): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102097000175.
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A total of 135 bacterial strains were isolated from congelation (land fast) sea ice samples and ice algae biomass samples obtained from the coastal areas of the Vestfold Hills in East Antarctica (68°S, 78°E) during the summers of 1992–95. The sea ice isolates, along with reference strains. were analysed by numerical taxonomy and for DNA base composition in order to determine the biodiversity of sea ice bacteria. From these analyses 22 clusters of strains (phena) were obtained with most phena apparently representing novel bacterial taxa. The sea ice isolates could be categorized into three groups based on their ecophysiology: 1) slightly halophilic, psychrophilic bacteria often possessing fastidious growth requirements and which were predominantly isolated from sea ice algae biomass or from algae-rich ice samples; 2) halotolerant and psychrotolerant bacteria; and 3) non-halophilic bacteria isolated primarily from upper sections of congelation ice and other ice samples with low levcls of algal biomass.
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Yang, Li Li, and En Pu Gong. "Study on Paleoecology of Late Pennsylvanian Phylloid Algae in South Guizhou, China." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.180.
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Pennsylvanian phylloid algal reefs are widespread and well exposed in south Guizhou, China. Dense networks of closely living phylloid algae induced community restriction on seafloor and organisms seldom survived in such environment. Algal reefs in Guizhou differ from examples reported to date by high biodiversity. This contrasts to the “poisoning hypothesis” and chemical defense was not pronounced. Phylloid algae were able to thrive over a large depth range. Delicate framework formed by upright blades often occurred in calm deepen waters. Blades became larger and fleshy in moderately agitated environment and formed isolated, wide, cup-shaped framework. Large blade size could capture much more sunlight to improve rate of growth and calcification. But successive progressively shallower water may have arrested phylloid algae growth. Thinner, small blades grew closely packed and juxtaposed near and above one another in a wave-dominant environment, producing dense framework clusters to prevent wave destruction.
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Skácelová, Kateřina, Filip Hrbáček, Barbora Chattová, Kamil Láska, and Miloš Barták. "Biodiversity of freshwater autotrophs in selected wet places in northern coastal ecosystems of James Ross Island." Czech Polar Reports 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2015-1-2.
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Freshwater algae and cyanobacteria, their biodiversity in particular, have been studied at the James Ross Island (Antarctica) since 2004. The main aim of presented study was to contribute to species list of a particular seepage that has been monitored repeatedly on the northern deglaciated part of the Island. The seepage is located on north-facing slopes of Berry Hill and supplied by melt water from annual snow depositions and frozen ground. Microclimate conditions have been monitored by an automatic weather station since 2012. For the purpose of this study, samples of microbiological mats were collected from bottom of three streams passing through the seepage dominated by several moss species. Algal and cyanobacterial taxa were determined according to morphological characteristics. Species richness differences between sampling sites were found and evaluated. Dominating taxa differed between sampling sites as well. The species reported in our study were compared with existing literature sources related to James Ross Island. Altogether, 44 algal and cyanobacterial taxa were found. Biodiversity of the seepage is discussed and related to microclimate characteristics of the site.
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Singh, P. K., S. Kishore, J. Prakash, S. K. Singh, and M. Shukla. "Cyanophycean Algae Inhabiting Sodic Soil Exhibit Diverse Morphology: An Adaptation to High Exchangeable Sodium." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 15 (June 3, 2009): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v15i0.1937.
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A soil pot experiment was conducted in soils containing two exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels i.e. normal (4.37) and high (54.5) ESP levels. The soils used in experiment were collected from different natural conditions to asses the algal biodiversity and changes in morphology of algae. The genera reported at high ESP were Oscillatoria, Lyngbya and colony of Anabaena while in normal soil these were absent. The heterocyst chain was also observed in soil of high ESP while in normal soil it was not reported. The width of heterocyst was much different than those reported. The chemical properties of soil e.g. pH, exchangeable sodium and ESP were decreased while organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were increased after one year algal growth. Key words: Cyanophycean algae, heterocyst, sodic soil, exchangeable sodium percentage. doi: 10.3126/eco.v15i0.1937 ECOPRINT 15: 15-21, 2008
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Gu, Xiaoqian, Zhe Cao, Luying Zhao, Dewi Seswita-Zilda, Qian Zhang, Liping Fu, and Jiang Li. "Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (July 3, 2023): 11019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311019.
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Macroalgae and macroalgae-associated bacteria together constitute the most efficient metabolic cycling system in the ocean. Their interactions, especially the responses of macroalgae-associated bacteria communities to algae in different geographical locations, are mostly unknown. In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze the microbial diversity and associated algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on the surface of red algae among three remote regions. There were significant differences in the macroalgae-associated bacteria community composition and diversity among the different regions. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria had a significantly high relative abundance among the regions. From the perspective of species diversity, samples from China had the highest macroalgae-associated bacteria diversity, followed by those from Antarctica and Indonesia. In addition, in the functional prediction of the bacterial community, genes associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and membrane transport had a high relative abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis of environmental factors showed that, without considering algae species and composition, pH and temperature were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure. Furthermore, there were significant differences in algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes among the regions. Samples from China and Antarctica had high abundances of algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, while those from Indonesia had extremely low abundances. The environmental differences between these three regions may impose a strong geographic differentiation regarding the biodiversity of algal microbiomes and their expressed enzyme genes. This work expands our knowledge of algal microbial ecology, and contributes to an in-depth study of their metabolic characteristics, ecological functions, and applications.
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Hind, Katharine R., Samuel Starko, Jenn M. Burt, Matthew A. Lemay, Anne K. Salomon, and Patrick T. Martone. "Trophic control of cryptic coralline algal diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 30 (July 8, 2019): 15080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900506116.
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Understanding how trophic dynamics drive variation in biodiversity is essential for predicting the outcomes of trophic downgrading across the world’s ecosystems. However, assessing the biodiversity of morphologically cryptic lineages can be problematic, yet may be crucial to understanding ecological patterns. Shifts in keystone predation that favor increases in herbivore abundance tend to have negative consequences for the biodiversity of primary producers. However, in nearshore ecosystems, coralline algal cover increases when herbivory is intense, suggesting that corallines may uniquely benefit from trophic downgrading. Because many coralline algal species are morphologically cryptic and their diversity has been globally underestimated, increasing the resolution at which we distinguish species could dramatically alter our conclusions about the consequences of trophic dynamics for this group. In this study, we used DNA barcoding to compare the diversity and composition of cryptic coralline algal assemblages at sites that differ in urchin biomass and keystone predation by sea otters. We show that while coralline cover is greater in urchin-dominated sites (or “barrens”), which are subject to intense grazing, coralline assemblages in these urchin barrens are significantly less diverse than in kelp forests and are dominated by only 1 or 2 species. These findings clarify how food web structure relates to coralline community composition and reconcile patterns of total coralline cover with the widely documented pattern that keystone predation promotes biodiversity. Shifts in coralline diversity and distribution associated with transitions from kelp forests to urchin barrens could have ecosystem-level effects that would be missed by ignoring cryptic species’ identities.
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Schoenrock, Kathryn, Johanne Vad, Arley Muth, Danni Pearce, Brice Rea, J. Schofield, and Nicholas Kamenos. "Biodiversity of Kelp Forests and Coralline Algae Habitats in Southwestern Greenland." Diversity 10, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10040117.
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All marine communities in Greenland are experiencing rapid environmental change, and to understand the effects on those structured by seaweeds, baseline records are vital. The kelp and coralline algae habitats along Greenland’s coastlines are rarely studied, and we fill this knowledge gap for the area around Nuuk, west Greenland. Using subtidal swath surveys, photo-quadrats, and grab samples, we characterised the diversity of floral and faunal assemblages in kelp forests and coralline algae beds. The most abundant herbivore assemblages and the most diverse communities occur in the interstitial habitats of rhodolith beds. In kelp forests, species diversity is higher in epi-benthic (photo-quadrat) and mid-water (swath) surveys. These habitats are not mutually exclusive; Agarum clathratum is prominent in coralline algal habitats, while crustose coralline algae cover the bedrock under kelp holdfasts. Overall, the suite of surveys used capture the diverse communities within kelp forests and coralline algae in Greenland and their differing role in the life history of the inhabitants. Furthermore, coralline algae beds are an important carbonate store, with CaCO3 concentrations ranging from 28.06 to 103.73 g·m−3. Our research sets the baseline for continued investigations and monitoring of these important habitats and their supported fisheries.
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Skácelová, Kateřina, Miloš Barták, Pavel Coufalík, Daniel Nývlt, and Kateřina Trnková. "Biodiversity of freshwater algae and cyanobacteria on deglaciated northern part of James Ross Island, Antarctica. A preliminary study." Czech Polar Reports 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2013-2-12.
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Freshwater algae and cyanobacteria have been studied at the James Ross Island (Ant-arctica) since the first Czech expedition to the James Ross Island area in austral summer of 2004. Main emphasis, however, has been devoted to cyanobacteria and diatoms. Therefore, recent knowledge on biodiversity of freshwater species of green algae is fragmentary. The main aim of presented study was to contribute to species list of green algae and cyanobacteria from James Ross Island. To evaluate species richness of algae and cyanobacteria, samples of water/mats from 6 different lakes, shallow ponds, and seepages located in northern deglaciated part of the James Ross Island were collected in austral summers 2012 and 2013, respectively. The samples were analysed using optical microscopy approach after transport to Czech laboratories. Algal and cyanobacterial taxa were determined according to morphological characteristics. Frequencies of individual taxa occurrence in samples were evaluated. Species richness differences between sampling sites was found. Dominating taxa differed between collection sites as well. Altogether, 41 algal and cyanobacterial taxa were found. Some species and genera: Cosmarium sp., Actinotaenium curtum, Staurastrum punctulatum and Chlorobotrys regularis are reported for James Ross Island for the first time. In some samples, there were some species that remained undetermined due to limitations of light microscopy and morphological approach. We plan to sample those locations of the James Ross Island that have never been investigated before for future studies
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Salih, Warqaa Y., and Fikrat M. Hassan. "Environmental diagnosing of the new algal pollution of Tigris River in Iraq." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 877, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/877/1/012024.
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to use eDNA in the biodiversity of the Tigris river’s sediment. Algal samples were collected and examined under light microscopy. The collected algae were cultured, and after their growth, the DNA extractions were made from culture and amplified 16S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequences data by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Phylogenetic identification of species was conducted by the evaluation of obtained sequence analysis data by using computer software. Leptolyngbya benthonica (MN 714226.1) and Nostoc paludosum (MN 714225.1) were identified by molecular analysis and registered at NCBI and considered as a new record to the algal flora of Iraq. Implementing molecular data in the taxonomy of species will be essential to solve the taxonomic problems associated with microscopic methods.
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Ronowicz, Marta, Maria Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, and Piotr Kuklinski. "Factors influencing hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) biodiversity and distribution in Arctic kelp forest." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 8 (July 22, 2008): 1567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001495.
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The biodiversity and distribution patterns of epiphytic hydroids were studied in kelp forests (composed of Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta) located in an Arctic glaciated fiord (Hornsund, west Spitsbergen). In total, twenty-eight species were found colonizing algae, stones connected to holdfast, and overgrowing the surface of other animals associated with kelps. The characteristics of the algal host (e.g. algae species, age, rhizoid volume or biomass) did not show any effect upon hydroid species richness or species composition. High hydroid biodiversity was strongly dependent on microsubstrate heterogeneity. The highest biodiversity as well as frequency of hydroid occurrence were noted at a site located furthest from the glacier and characterized by the lowest sediment concentration and sedimentation rate. Sexual reproduction also seemed to be inhibited by glacier-derived disturbance. Of ten fertile species found at the ‘clearest’ site only two were fertile at sites under the strong influence of such perturbations. Potential physical drivers of species occurrence were linked to the activity of tidal glaciers, particularly to high loads of mineral sedimentation and iceberg scouring.
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Barinova, Sophia, Alexey Petrov, and Eviatar Nevo. "Comparative analysis of algal biodiversity in the rivers of Israel." Open Life Sciences 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0108-z.
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AbstractComparative analysis of algal communities in the rivers of Israel was completed to highlight the influence of environmental variables on biodiversity. The study revealed that 671 species of algae and cyanobacteria belonging to nine taxonomic divisions were present during 2002–2009 in the Yarqon, Alexander, Hadera, Qishon, Oren, Lower and Upper Jordan, and Zin rivers. The species richness of each river was evaluated by taxonomic structural comparison, geobotanical, hierarchical cluster analysis, and the degree of relatedness for different levels of taxonomic resolution. The analysis revealed close similarity of the Upper Jordan and Oren rivers. The average taxonomic distinctness index showed that the Yarqon, Oren, Upper Jordan, and Qishon communities were partly degraded due to permanent environmental disturbances. The variation in taxonomic distinctness index showed that the Alexander, Yarqon and Hadera communities were formed not only due to anthropogenic factors but also through long-term climatic impact. The most abundant indicator species inhabit low streaming and standing alkaline waters of medium salinity and low to medium organic pollution. The statistical approaches allowed discrimination between climatic and anthropogenic factors that impact upon the riverine biodiversity in semi-arid environments. Analysis shows the influence of anthropogenic factors was strongly modulated by climatic impacts causing a marked decease of species richness from north to south.
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Buršić, Moira, Ljiljana Iveša, Andrej Jaklin, and Milvana Arko Pijevac. "A preliminary study on the diversity of invertebrates associated with Corallina officinalis Linnaeus in southern Istrian peninsula." Acta Adriatica 60, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32582/aa.60.2.2.
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Red coralligenous algae Corallina officinalis provides shelter to many invertebrate species from wave actions, predation and desiccation stress in the intertidal area. Physical structure and complexity of the habitat have a major influence on biodiversity of this community. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the diversity of invertebrate assemblages inside the red algae C. officinalis turf. Three sampling locations were chosen where algal cover range was above 90%. On each location sampling was done quantitatively by scraping off within 3 replicate quadrats 20 x 20 cm in size. A total of 30,518 specimens were isolated from all sampling locations. The prevalent groups were amphipod crustaceans, polychaetes, bivalves and gastropods that made a total of 86% of all macrofaunal groups associated with algal turfs. The most abundant group were amphipods that made 42% of the total separated individual invertebrates. Our study demonstrated that C. officinalis is a very important habitat with high abundance and diversity of invertebrate assemblages.
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Singh, Tripti, Anisha Sehgal, Rajeev Singh, Shalini Sharma, Dan Bahadur Pal, Hanaa M. Tashkandi, Rajaa Raddadi, et al. "Algal biohydrogen production: Impact of biodiversity and nanomaterials induction." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 183 (September 2023): 113389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113389.
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Franco, João N., Francisco Arenas, Isabel Sousa-Pinto, and Carmen B. de los Santos. "Snapshot of Macroalgae and Fish Assemblages in Temperate Reefs in the Southern European Atlantic Ecoregion." Diversity 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12010026.
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Most of the biodiversity studies in the South European Atlantic Shelf ecoregion are limited to shallow subtidal or intertidal habitats, while deeper reef habitats, also of relevant ecological importance, are particularly understudied. Macroalgal communities, associated fauna, and sea surface temperature were studied in deep reefs (25–30 m) at two locations in this ecoregion: Parcel, North of Portugal (41° N), and Tarifa, Southern Spain (35° N). Specifically, algal assemblages were assessed using biomass collection and associated ichthyofauna was assessed using visual census techniques using scuba. Seawater surface temperature was higher (>3 °C) in the southern region—Tarifa, compared to the northern region—Parcel. Our survey revealed 18 fish species and 23 algae species. The highest abundance of cold-water species (both macroalgae and fish species) was recorded in Parcel and warm-water species were dominant in Tarifa. In light of climate global trends, both regions might experience biodiversity shifts towards tropicalization. Current knowledge on their biodiversity is imperative to further evaluate potential shifts.
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Menezes, Mariângela, Carlos E. M. Bicudo, Carlos W. N. Moura, Aigara M. Alves, Alana A. Santos, Alexandre de G. Pedrini, Andréa Araújo, et al. "Update of the Brazilian floristic list of Algae and Cyanobacteria." Rodriguésia 66, no. 4 (2015): 1047–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566408.
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Abstract An updated synthesis of cyanobacteria and algae information is presented for Brazil aiming to refine the data gathered to date and evaluate the progress of the biodiversity knowledge about these organisms in the country since the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. The results of 2015 showed an increase of 1,250 species (35.7%) when compared to 2010, reaching a total of 4,747 species. The most diverse classes in species number were the Bacillariophyceae, Conjugatophyceae, Florideophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae had the highest increase in species number in the five-year interval. The Southeast and South regions were the most diverse, however, the Northeast, with the states of Piauí and Sergipe, and the Central-west region, with Mato Grosso, Goiás and Distrito Federal, also stood out in the national algal biodiversity scenario. Despite the shortage of taxonomists and limited infrastructure, the results showed a significant improvement in the knowledge regarding the diversity of cyanobacteria and algae in the country during the study period, starting to even out regional geographical differences caused by subsampling.
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Carruthers, David N., Casey M. Godwin, David C. Hietala, Bradley J. Cardinale, Xiaoxia Nina Lin, and Phillip E. Savage. "Biodiversity Improves Life Cycle Sustainability Metrics in Algal Biofuel Production." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 15 (July 3, 2019): 9279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00909.
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Caroline, Soizic, Jacky, and Claude. "Impact of Zirconium on Freshwater Periphytic Microorganisms." Environments 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6100111.
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The majority of studies on biofilms have focused on autotrophic and bacterial taxa, without considering the potential effects on biofilm grazers. In this work, we investigated the effects of realistic environmental concentrations of zirconium (Zr) on periphyton algal growth and micromeiofauna biodiversity. Glass slides were submerged in a pond for four weeks to colonize biofilms and exposed for four weeks in aquaria to targeted Zr concentrations of 0, 1, and 10 nM, which were monitored over time (average measured concentrations were 0.2 ± 0.1, 0.5 ± 0.3, and 2.9 ± 0.3 nM Zr). The four-week exposure to the highest concentration (3 nM) affected the micromeiofauna structure of biofilms and modified the autotrophic biofilm structure by increasing the proportion of green algae and decreasing the abundance of cyanobacteria and brown algae. Rotifers and the ciliate Aspidisca cicada appeared to be the most sensitive organisms among the observed micromeiofauna. A toxic effect of Zr on rotifers could explain such results. Indirect effects, such as reduced food availability given the reduced algal growth in the presence of Zr, could also play a role in the changes of micromeiofauna community structure. These results are among the few published data on the effects of Zr.
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Tuya, Fernando. "Structure and Biodiversity of Rhodolith Seabeds: A Special Issue." Diversity 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12080300.
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Rhodolith seabeds function as ‘ecosystems engineers’, which globally provide a range of ‘ecosystem services’. However, knowledge on the structure, composition and distribution of rhodolith seabeds is still lacking. This Special Issue comprises six articles, addressing specific questions of rhodolith seabeds, and covering a wide range of topics. Two papers provide new large-scale information on the presence, structure and distribution of rhodolith beds at two southern hemisphere areas, in particular continental shelfs off South Africa and Brazil. Another two studies contributed to the discovery on new algal species from rhodolith beds, including Sporolithon franciscanum, a new rhodolith-forming species from Brazil, and the small benthic alga Schizocladia ischiensis. In terms of associated fauna, the taxonomic composition and patterns of abundance of decapod crustaceans are described in another article, including the description of a depth-partitioning in the abundance of juveniles and adults of the crab Nanocassiope melanodactylus. Rhodoliths are often present in fossilized deposits, so we can track changes in their presence with climate fluctuations. High temperatures during the Eocene and widespread oligotrophic conditions are finally connected with low abundances of rhodolith beds at mid and high latitudes, despite a larger presence at equatorial regions.
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Murakami, EA, DC Bicudo, and L. Rodrigues. "Periphytic algae of the Garças Lake, Upper Paraná River floodplain: comparing the years 1994 and 2004." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 2 suppl (June 2009): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000300002.
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The changes imposed by dams on hydrological regime, water transparence and nutrient concentrations downstream affect biodiversity in relation to species richness and specific composition of the community. The aim of this work was evaluate this effect on periphyton, comparing richness and composition of periphytic algae in the Garças Lake, Upper Paraná River floodplain, between the years 1994, before construction of the Porto Primavera Reservoir, and after its operation in 2004. This floodplain lake showed an increase in species, from 113 in 1994 to 159 in 2004. A few species, however, were common during the last year, dominated by Zygnemaphyceae and some Bacillariophyceae species. The increase in algal diversity in 2004 may be the result of the ability of the system to adapt to environmental changes. However, the large change in the periphyton species composition suggests further impacts on the food web, demanding continuity of long-term studies in order to determine their consequences on the biodiversity as a whole.
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Chen, Yang, Lu Wang, Zhiliang Liu, Du Su, Yibo Wang, and Yanping Qi. "Biodiversity and Interannual Variation of Harmful Algal Bloom Species in the Coastal Sea of Qinhuangdao, China." Life 13, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010192.
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For the frequent occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Qinhuangdao coastal sea (QCS) of the Bohai Sea in summer, we tested the hypothesis that high-biodiversity HAB species exist in the area, and a series of censuses of HAB species were conducted in the QCS in the summers of 2014–2019. Through morphological identification, we found 100 algae species representing 42 genera in 3 phytoplankton phyla in this study, among which Bacillariophyta was the most dominant phylum. We also found that the population density of Dinoflagellata increased from 2016 to 2019. In total, 59 HAB species were annotated in this study, including 39 of Bacillariophyta, 18 of Dinoflagellata and 2 of Ochrophyta, of which 13 HAB species were reported in the Bohai Sea for the first time, and most HAB species were widely distributed in the QCS in summer. Notably, four dominant HAB species displayed unique temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, while their distribution ranges and population densities increased from 2014 to 2019. The distributions of five environmental factors were different in the QCS, while the temperature, salinity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen might be the key environmental factors influencing the distribution of dominant HAB species in the summer. In conclusion, this study provides a detailed evaluation of phytoplankton diversity and interannual variation in the QCS. The existence of a high level of biodiversity of algal bloom species suggests the need for long-term monitoring in order to further study and prevent potential HABs.
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CALDERON, MARTHA S., DANILO E. BUSTAMANTE, and SUNG MIN BOO. "Red algal diversity (Rhodophyta) from Peru based on molecular analysis." Phytotaxa 454, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.454.1.1.
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In Peru, an ongoing project has been to document the marine macroalgal biodiversity using molecular approaches because, to date, the Peruvian marine flora has been mostly characterized on the basis of morphological observations. We herein report on red algae collected along the coast of Peru, including specimens collected at historically important collecting sites, in order to provide a better understanding of Peruvian red algal diversity. Using phylogenetic analysis of rbcL DNA sequences, we report for the first time the occurrence of Nothogenia chilensis, Porphyra mumfordii, and Schizymenia dubyi in Peru. Results from molecular and morphological analysis of topotype material show that Chondracanthus glomeratus (M.Howe) Guiry is conspecific with C. chamissoi (C.Agardh) Kützing. Both Rhodymenia howeana E.Y.Dawson and R. multidigitata E.Y.Dawson, Acleto & Foldvik are proposed to be later taxonomic synonyms of R. corallina (Bory) Greville. Future studies will reveal more diversity of red algae from Peru with special emphasis on members of the family Bangiaceae, Delesseriaceae, and Lithophyllaceae.
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Mahajan, S. K., Bharti Khare, and Pooja Mahajan. "Potential importance of Cyanophytes for sustainable development and exploitation in West Nimar of M.P., India." Environment Conservation Journal 11, no. 1&2 (June 18, 2010): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2010.1215.
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The present paper deals with aquatic biodiversity of Cyanophytes at Khargone, Madhya Pradesh (India). During the course of study a total of 26 algal taxa belonging to 16 genera are reported in the water samples collected from various ponds and reservoirs.
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S.S, Sumayya, and Murugan K. "THERAPEUTICAL IMPORTANCE OF HYPNEA MUSCIFORMIS (WULFEN) J.V. LAMOUROUX :." Kongunadu Research Journal 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj151.
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Red algae are rich in protein, crude lipid and fibre content and therefore ideal as food in terms of nutritional and biochemical point of view. Currently, red algae have gained importance due to their nutritional composition and various bioactive compounds they produce to accustom to the biodiversity of marine ecosystem. Biologically unique compounds of algal include carrageenan, sulpholipids, and pigments such as phycocyanin. Seaweeds are low in fats but contain vitamins and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids and sulphated polysaccharides, which are potential natural antioxidants not found in the terrestrial plants. Hypnea, a common seaweed distributed widely along the tropical and subtropical shores Nutraceutical value of Hypnea musciformis includes nutrients, vitamin, ash and large amount of sodium and potassium electrolytes. There were reports that they possess potent antitumour and antimicrobial activity.
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Liao, Lawrence M., Dominic Franco C. Belleza, and Paul John L. Geraldino. "Marine algae of the Sulu Sea Islands, Philippines II: annotated list of the brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from the Cuyo Islands." Phytotaxa 152, no. 1 (December 11, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.152.1.1.
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The western section of the Philippine archipelago comprising the frontier island of Palawan and numerous islands within the vast Sulu Sea basin is least known in terms of its marine biota. The Smithsonian Institution Philippines Expedition (SIPHILEXP) collected thousands of marine samples to document the rich marine biodiversity there. Collections of marine benthic algae were made from the small islets of the Cuyo Islands located in the northern section of the Sulu Sea. This paper documents 17 species and one form of brown algae (Phaeophyceae) grouped into nine genera and five families. All except three taxa are new records for the locality. The classification and nomenclature of each species follow currently accepted systems. Extensive remarks on the peculiarities of each species are provided. Compared to the marine flora of other regions of the Indo-Pacific, the brown algal flora of the Cuyo Islands is potentially as diverse, but owing to some species that are commonly found elsewhere and were not accounted for in this survey, the rich diversity of the marine flora here cannot be fully appreciated. The available information represents a valuable contribution to the knowledge of marine brown algal diversity in this poorly known region of the Philippines.
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Rosset, Vitória Kalana, Elaine Cristina Rodrigues Bartozek, Richard Wilander Lambrecht, Marina Ramos Auricchio, Melissa Dos Santos, and Cleto Kaveski Peres. "Gaps and challenges in the knowledge of algal biodiversity in Paraguay." Phycologia 59, no. 6 (October 20, 2020): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00318884.2020.1830597.
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Milne, Rebecca, and Charles Griffiths. "Invertebrate biodiversity associated with algal turfs on a coral-dominated reef." Marine Biodiversity 44, no. 2 (February 6, 2014): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-013-0199-7.
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El Semary, Nermin A. "Iron-Marine Algal Interactions and Impacts: Decreasing Global Warming by Increasing Algal Biomass." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2022): 10372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610372.
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Iron limitation in vast water bodies has been linked to decreased algal productivity, despite different iron-acquiring mechanisms, and the presence of ferritin in many algal species that act as an iron internal reservoir. Therefore, iron fertilization has been proposed to increase algal biomass and photosynthesis. This, in turn, will reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and increase oxygen, thereby decreasing global warming, and achieving ecological balance. In addition, algal proliferation will hopefully lead to enhancement in biodiversity, Biological pump, fish productivity and, subsequently marine food industry. Many climate geoengineering experiments in the form of ocean iron fertilization have been conducted globally in order to achieve such a purpose. However, reservations remain as the outcomes are not as promising as were previously expected. As the temporal and spatial scales of iron fertilization experiments are limited, the effects on fish productivity remain speculative. On the other hand, side effects were also recorded. The main purpose of iron fertilization, for carbon dioxide sequestration and global warming mitigation, still remains to be fully realized and verified. Several improvements and future modifications are suggested, and legal issues are discussed in this review.
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Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Anne A. Innes-Gold, Simon J. Brandl, Robert S. Steneck, Ruben E. Torres, and Douglas B. Rasher. "Tropical fish diversity enhances coral reef functioning across multiple scales." Science Advances 5, no. 3 (March 2019): eaav6420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav6420.
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There is now a general consensus that biodiversity positively affects ecosystem functioning. This consensus, however, stems largely from small-scale experiments, raising the question of whether diversity effects operate at multiple spatial scales and flow on to affect ecosystem structure in nature. Here, we quantified rates of fish herbivory on algal turf communities across multiple coral reefs spanning >1000 km of coastline in the Dominican Republic. We show that mass-standardized herbivory rates are best predicted by herbivore biomass and herbivore species richness both within (α-diversity) and across sites in the region (β-diversity). Using species-diversity models, we demonstrate that many common grazer species are necessary to maximize the process of herbivory. Last, we link higher herbivory rates to reduced algal turf height and enhanced juvenile coral recruitment throughout the ecosystem. Our results suggest that, in addition to high herbivore biomass, conserving biodiversity at multiple scales is important for sustaining coral reef function.
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Chatragadda Ramesh, Koushik Sadhukhan, T. Shunmugaraj, and M.V. Ramana Murthy. "Occurrence of opportunistic invasive macroalgal genus Caulerpa and Halimeda opuntia in coral reefs of Gulf of Mannar." Journal of Threatened Taxa 15, no. 3 (March 26, 2023): 22883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4744.15.3.22883-22888.
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nvestigations on indigenous and non-indigenous invasive flora and fauna of a certain geographical area are always important to assess their impact on native biodiversity and control their spread by making conservation strategies to protect biodiversity. In this study, we have encountered overwhelming growth of six seaweed species, Caulerpa racemosa, C. serrulata, C. sertularioides, C. taxifolia, C. peltata, and Halimeda opuntia on the reef flat. These algal covers on reef area appear to compete with coral polyps and restrict their settlement and resilience. Our concern on invasive species distribution in Gulf of Mannar revealed these overgrowing invasive species, which can become potential threats to coral reefs, benthic diversity, and reef assemblage. These observations will help us to develop multidisciplinary management approaches related to the expansion, mitigation, and control of these opportunistic invasive species. Further seasonal monitoring on these algal species is under process to investigate their spatial shift patterns on various coral forms.
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Al-Shehhi, Maryam R., and Yarjan Abdul Samad. "Identifying Algal Bloom ‘Hotspots’ in Marginal Productive Seas: A Review and Geospatial Analysis." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102457.
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Algal blooms in the marginal productive seas of the Indian Ocean are projected to become more prevalent over the coming decades. They reach from lower latitudes up to the coast of the northern Indian Ocean and the populated areas along the Arabian Gulf, Sea of Oman, Arabian Sea, and the Red Sea. Studies that document algal blooms in the Indian Ocean have either focused on individual or regional waters or have been limited by a lack of long-term observations. Herein, we attempt to review the impact of major monsoons on algal blooms in the region and identify the most important oceanic and atmospheric processes that trigger them. The analysis is carried out using a comprehensive dataset collected from many studies focusing on the Indian Ocean. For the first time, we identify ten algal bloom hotspots and identify the primary drivers supporting algal blooms in them. Growth is found to depend on nutrients brought by dust, river runoff, upwelling, mixing, and advection, together with the availability of light, all being modulated by the phase of the monsoon. We also find that sunlight and dust deposition are strong predictors of algal bloom species and are essential for understanding marine biodiversity.
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Shekhovtseva, O. G. "Soil algae in urban ecosystems of the city of Mariupol." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 1-2 (March 24, 2014): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041406.
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In the present time, a special attention is paid, worldwide, to the investigation of the biodiversity in ecosystems, as a important characteristic of the ecological investigations. The processes of urbanization of natural landscapes have caused some changes of biological factor of the soil formation and also of the formation of artificial ecological systems. The algae are an indispensable part of ecosystems, performing an important regulatory function in them. So aim of the research was to determine the systematic, environmental features, species composition of algae communities of soil in the city Mariupol (Donetsk region). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Results of use algal groups for monitoring soils of urbanized ecosystem are described. Problems of algae participation in maintenance of surface ecosystems stability under anthropogenic pressure on the environment have been discussed. Species composition and indication properties of soil algae as biological pollution indicators of the protected of the urbanized soils have been studied. The results of researches of various soil algal flora of arboreal plantations and lawns of the Mariupol industrial city are resulted. Conclusions about the influence of various kinds of anthropogenic effect upon of species diversity algae are given. Specific lines of algal groups of arboreal plantations and lawns of urban ecosystems are shown. The variety of the soil algae species has been investigated. Systematic structure at the level of orders, families, genera correlation of algae soil, life-forms are considered. The green and blue-green algae were found to be prevail, it was proved that they are the basis of dominate species complex. The greatest quantity of kinds of seaweed is allocated in zonal soils. The leading position in all investigated groups take representatives of Chlorophyta, except of the steppe phytocenoses, where the most various is the section of Cyanophyta. The increasing of species diversity of Xanthophyta is observed in the soils of background parts of man-planted forest phytocenoses. They are traditionally considered to be the index of purity of soil. Low species diversity of algoflora is a peculiarity of the city soils. Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta prevail, one-cell Xanthophyta are poor developed. A checklist of soil algal flora of the city of Mariupol is includes 78 species from five divisions: Chlorophyta – 32 (41,0 %), Cyanophyta – 25 (32,1 %), Xanthophyta – 9 (11,5 %), Bacillariophyta – 8 (10,3 %), Eustigmatophyta – 4 (5,1 %). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Including arboreal plantations 68 species: Chlorophyta – 27 (39,7 %), Cyanophyta – 20 (29,4 %), Xanthophyta – 12 (17,7 %), Bacillariophyta – 6 (8,8 %), Eustigmatophyta – 3 (4,4 %); in lawns 49 species – 23 (46,9 %), – 13 (26,5 %), – 4 (8,2 %), – 7 (14,3 %), – 2 (4,1 %) accordingly. On results researches of quantity of algal flora of urbanized soils the change of quantity is marked on the whole toward a decline. Abundance and biomass of soil algae of different in various ecosystems are given. Fluctuation ranges in biomass of algae of arboreal plantations and lawns have been registered. The species composition, ecological structure algae of arboreal plantations and lawns was analyzed. Ecological structure of algal communities of arboreal plantations and lawns: Ch16Р15С12X8H6B5M2CF2ampf2 (68) and Ch15P10В6С6Н5Х3М1NF1CF1amph1 (49) accordingly. Among the algae life forms Ch-, P-, X- and C-forms are domination (58 %).
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Goglio, Pietro, Sander Van Den Burg, Katerina Kousoulaki, Maggie Skirtun, Åsa Maria Espmark, Anne Helena Kettunen, and Wout Abbink. "The Environmental Impact of Partial Substitution of Fish-Based Feed with Algae- and Insect-Based Feed in Salmon Farming." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 12650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912650.
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One of the key challenges for aquaculture is to reduce “fishing-for-feed”. Alternative fish feeds need to be environmentally assessed to ensure they are sustainable. The present research consisted of an attributional LCA to (i) estimate the impact on salmon farming of a partially algal–insect-based diet vs a conventional fish meal/fish oil-based diet, (ii) identify the contribution of each process to the environmental impacts of the whole fish farming system, and (iii) identify potential improvements in the algal–insect value chain through sensitivity analysis of various algal–insect production pathways. The study shows that use of algal–insect-based feed resulted in a higher impact for most of the environmental impact categories due to fish feed production, particularly for soybean, insect, and algal meal. This points to the need to optimise production chains for new fish feed ingredients. Algal meal production using sugarcane sugar and optimised technology and insect meal using exhaust heat and renewable electricity would improve the environmental performance of salmon farming systems using insect- and algal-based fish feed. Methodological improvements with regard to system C and N cycle, biodiversity, and plastic use should be explored to inform policy making and support the implementation of sustainable future salmon farming innovations.
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Gan, Su Xuan, Ywee Chieh Tay, and Danwei Huang. "Effects of macroalgal morphology on marine epifaunal diversity." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 8 (October 21, 2019): 1697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315419000900.
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AbstractMacroalgae play important ecological roles, including as hosts for a wide range of epifauna. However, the diversity relationships between macroalgae and epifauna are poorly understood for most tropical host species and algal morphologies. This study aims to characterize and analyse the diversity of invertebrates present amongst macroalgae with three distinct morphologies (three-dimensional, filamentous and foliose) across different tropical intertidal sites in Singapore. Morphological and DNA barcoding tools were employed for epifaunal species identification, and ordination statistics and multiple linear regression were used to test the effects of algal morphology, species and site on community structure and diversity of epiphytic invertebrates. Overall, epifaunal communities were distinct among sites and algal morphologies, and diversity was affected significantly by algal morphology. In particular, filamentous macroalgae hosted the highest abundance of epifauna dominated mainly by amphipods, which were able to take advantage of the high surface area to volume ratio in filamentous algal mats as a consequence of their thinner forms. Foliose species showed a significantly negative effect on invertebrate diversity. Our findings highlight the diverse associations between intertidal macroalgae and invertebrates with high turnover between algal morphology and sites that contribute to the high biodiversity of tropical shores. Future studies should consider the effects of the host habitat, seasonality and more algal species on epifaunal diversity.
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Wainwright, Benjamin J., Geoffrey L. Zahn, Heather L. Spalding, Alison R. Sherwood, Celia M. Smith, and Anthony S. Amend. "Fungi associated with mesophotic macroalgae from the ‘Au‘au Channel, west Maui are differentiated by host and overlap terrestrial communities." PeerJ 5 (July 11, 2017): e3532. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3532.
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Mesophotic coral ecosystems are an almost entirely unexplored and undocumented environment that likely contains vast reservoirs of undescribed biodiversity. Twenty-four macroalgae samples, representing four genera, were collected from a Hawaiian mesophotic reef at water depths between 65 and 86 m in the ‘Au‘au Channel, Maui, Hawai‘i. Algal tissues were surveyed for the presence and diversity of fungi by sequencing the ITS1 gene using Illumina technology. Fungi from these algae were then compared to previous fungal surveys conducted in Hawaiian terrestrial ecosystems. Twenty-seven percent of the OTUs present on the mesophotic coral ecosystem samples were shared between the marine and terrestrial environment. Subsequent analyses indicated that host species of algae significantly differentiate fungal community composition. This work demonstrates yet another understudied habitat with a moderate diversity of fungi that should be considered when estimating global fungal diversity.
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Crossetti, LO, DC Bicudo, CEM Bicudo, and LM Bini. "Phytoplankton biodiversity changes in a shallow tropical reservoir during the hypertrophication process." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 4 suppl (November 2008): 1061–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000500013.
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Study aimed at evaluating phytoplankton biodiversity changes in a shallow tropical reservoir during its hypertrophication process. Samplings were carried out monthly during 8 consecutive years (1997-2004) in 5 depths. Conspicuous limnological changes in the reservoir derived from the presence and/or removal of the water hyacinth, characterized 3 different phases. Over the time series, reservoir changed from a typical polymictic eutrophic system to hypertrophic one, leading to a reduction of approximately 70 species (average 37%). Chlorophyceae accounted for the highest species richness (46%) among all algal classes and strictly followed total species richness variation. Internal feedback mechanisms intensification over phase III clearly promoted the sharp decrease in biodiversity. Highest decreases, mainly during springs, occurred simultaneously to the highest Cyanobacteria blooms. Increased turbidity due to heavy phytoplankton blooms suppressed all other algal groups, so that at the end of the present study even Cyanobacteria species richness decreased. Total dissolved phosphorous was included in most of the best selected models used to analyze the temporal patterns in species richness loss. Present data show that biodiversity loss following trophic change was not a single dimension of a single factor but, rather, a template of factors (e.g. light, stability) co-varying in consequence of the larger levels of biomass supported in the reservoir.
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Melbourne, L. A., J. Griffin, D. N. Schmidt, and E. J. Rayfield. "Potential and limitations of finite element modelling in assessing structural integrity of coralline algae under future global change." Biogeosciences 12, no. 19 (October 14, 2015): 5871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5871-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Coralline algae are important habitat formers found on all rocky shores. While the impact of future ocean acidification on the physiological performance of the species has been well studied, little research has focused on potential changes in structural integrity in response to climate change. A previous study using 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) suggested increased vulnerability to fracture (by wave action or boring) in algae grown under high CO2 conditions. To assess how realistically 2-D simplified models represent structural performance, a series of increasingly biologically accurate 3-D FE models that represent different aspects of coralline algal growth were developed. Simplified geometric 3-D models of the genus Lithothamnion were compared to models created from computed tomography (CT) scan data of the same genus. The biologically accurate model and the simplified geometric model representing individual cells had similar average stresses and stress distributions, emphasising the importance of the cell walls in dissipating the stress throughout the structure. In contrast models without the accurate representation of the cell geometry resulted in larger stress and strain results. Our more complex 3-D model reiterated the potential of climate change to diminish the structural integrity of the organism. This suggests that under future environmental conditions the weakening of the coralline algal skeleton along with increased external pressures (wave and bioerosion) may negatively influence the ability for coralline algae to maintain a habitat able to sustain high levels of biodiversity.