Journal articles on the topic 'Algae Biological control'
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1
Zeng, Guoming, Jing Luo, Xiaowan Liu, Maolan Zhang, and Hengjun Tang. "Research on the changes of physiological characteristics of algal cells in the process of algae dissolving by immobilized white rot fungi." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 05033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016505033.
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With the increasing of water pollution, water eutrophication is seriously affecting people’s daily life and production. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore safe and efficient algae control technology. In the current algal bloom treatment methods, the physical method is not complete in algae dissolving, and the cost of algal control is high. The chemical method is easy to produce secondary pollution and toxic by-products, and the safety is not high. However, the biological method has the advantages of low cost, high ecological security and good ecological compatibility. It is considered to be a more promising method to remove algae and biological toxins, and it is also an inevitable trend to control water eutrophication in the future.
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Wang, Jun, Guoming Zeng, Fei Wang, Xin Huang, Yan Li, Dong Liang, Maolan Zhang, and Da Sun. "Study on the Algae Lysis Method of White Rot Fungi Algae Control System." Water 14, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060903.
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At present, there are few studies on known bacterial species and even less on fungi in biological algae control technology. In this paper, the green eutrophic shallow water lake Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) was used as the research object, and white rot fungi, which has a high removal effect on water pollutants, algae and biological toxins, was used for algae control. The extent of the removal effect, physiological characteristics and the internal functional groups of the algae cells in the white rot fungi solution, the supernatant of the white rot fungi solution after centrifugation and the sterilized white rot fungi solution were investigated. The results showed that the best algae solubilization effect of the algae control system was achieved at 250 mg/L, with 8 mg/L of dissolved oxygen and a hydraulic retention time of 48 h. The average algae lysis rate was 85.48%, the average dehydrogenase activity reduction rate was 59.23%, the average soluble protein reduction rate was 65.16% and the average malondialdehyde content increased to 0.128 umol/L. After treatment with the white rot algae control system, the spatial structure of the Turpin cells was severely disrupted, and significant lysis occurred within the algal cells, forcing the release of intracellularly soluble substances, and reducing the dehydrogenase activity of the Turpin cells, thus inhibiting the growth activity of the algae cells. A further reduction in the soluble protein content reduces the nutrients required for the growth of Turpin, exacerbating the rate of reduction in the physiological metabolic activity of the Turpin cells and, ultimately, the inhibition or killing of the algal cells. The results of this research may provide theoretical guidance for the microbial control of water eutrophication; however, whether there will be secondary pollution after the algae dissolution of this process is worthy of further study.
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Al-Juburi, Wassein Jassim, Mohammad Ibrahim Khalil, and Mira Ausamam Al-Katib. "Synergistic Efficiency Between Types of Fungi and Algae for Wastewater Treatment." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.1.4.26.
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The study aims to demonstrate the efficiency of the synergy between types of fungi and algae for wastewater treatment. Samples are collected from the waters of Wadi al-Kharazi inside the University of Mosul. Four genera of organisms, two sexes of fungi, and two sexes of algae are used for the purpose of reacting.
Examinations are conducted for water treated with fungi and algae, as 8 treatments are used compared to the control treatment that contains water alone. The pH function, bicarbonate ions, and sulfates with the two elements iron and copper are measured.
The results of the bicarbonate examination show that the best biological treatment is in the mixed culturing of the alga Spirogyra maxima and the fungus Trichoderma asperallum. The average concentration during the incubation periods is 162.8 mg.l-1 compared to the average control treatment ranging 204.9 mg.l-1. The results of the sulfate examination show a decrease in concentration for all treatments compared to the control treatment. The best biological treatment in the mixed culturing is between the alga Spirogyra maxima and the fungus Mucor racemosus, as the removal rate reached 48% compared to the average of the control treatment. Examinations have demonstrated the synergy between fungi and algae in increasing the efficiency of pollutant removal rather than using both separately.
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Dai, Chuanjun, Min Zhao, and Lansun Chen. "Bifurcations and Periodic Solutions for an Algae-Fish Semicontinuous System." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/619721.
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We propose an algae-fish semicontinuous system for the Zeya Reservoir to study the control of algae, including biological and chemical controls. The bifurcation and periodic solutions of the system were studied using a Poincaré map and a geometric method. The existence of order-1 periodic solution of the system is discussed. Based on previous analysis, we investigated the change in the location of the order-1 periodic solution with variable parameters and we described the transcritical bifurcation of the system. Finally, we provided a series of numerical results to illustrate the feasibility of the theoretical results. These results may help to facilitate a better understanding of algal control in the Zeya Reservoir.
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Smith, Daniel Wilkins. "Biological Control of Excessive Phytoplankton Growth and the Enhancement of Aquacultural Production." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1940–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-240.
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A method is proposed to control phytoplankton biomass in aquacultural ponds, using both zooplankton and filter-feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). The technique maintains co-existence of zooplankton and filter-feeding fish by excluding the fish from part of the water column. Zooplankton, which feed on smaller algal species, and silver carp, which feed on large algae and zooplankton, together can consume all sizes of phytoplankton, thus controlling algal biomass. This technique was tested in 1000-L tanks, some containing channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) alone, some both catfish and silver carp, and others catfish and silver carp with a zooplankton refuge. The refuge permitted coexistence of high densities of large zooplankters with the filter-feeding fish. This combination of filter-feeders reduced algal biomass by as much as 99%, increased phytoplankton diversity, and showed a trend toward improved silver carp growth compared with treatments without a refuge. The proposed technique could be applied to both intensive and extensive aquacultural systems.
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Yuan, Keting, Qiong Wan, Dajun Ren, Beibei Chai, Aiqing Kang, Xiaohui Lei, and Bin Chen. "Isolation and algicidal properties study of the strain G1 from reservoir sediments." Water Supply 22, no. 3 (November 18, 2021): 3374–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.393.
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Abstract Microcystis aeruginosa is a globally important cyanobacterial species that poses a threat to human health and development. The use of bacteria to control algal blooms has become an important research topic in recent years. In the present work, the algicidal strain G1 was isolated from sediments of a reservoir in Xi'an, China, identified by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and its algicidal effects were investigated. The rDNA sequence of G1 (GenBank accession number MW205793) is 99.86% similar to that of Chitinimonas sp., and the strain indirectly solubilised algae. Algae removal by G1 was optimal during the decay phase (algae solubilisation rate = 65.85%). Temperature (5–120 °C) did not significantly affect algae removal, pH 5–9 was tolerated, and pH 7 achieved the highest algae lysis rate (63.56%). Ultrasonic treatment of G1 destroyed the algae-solubilising effect. An injection ratio of 15% achieved the highest algae lysis rate (67.64%) under 12 h:12 h light:dark conditions, and full darkness achieved the highest algae lysis rate (68.21%). Thus, G1 can effectively inhibit the reproduction of M. aeruginosa, making it a promising biological agent for controlling algal growth.
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Mitra, Aditee, and Kevin J. Flynn. "Promotion of harmful algal blooms by zooplankton predatory activity." Biology Letters 2, no. 2 (March 2006): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0447.
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The relationship between algae and their zooplanktonic predators typically involves consumption of nutrients by algae, grazing of the algae by zooplankton which in turn enhances predator biomass, controls algal growth and regenerates nutrients. Eutrophication raises nutrient levels, but does not simply increase normal predator–prey activity; rather, harmful algal bloom (HAB) events develop often with serious ecological and aesthetic implications. Generally, HAB species are outwardly poor competitors for nutrients, while their development of grazing deterrents during nutrient stress ostensibly occurs too late, after the nutrients have largely been consumed already by fast-growing non-HAB species. A new mechanism is presented to explain HAB dynamics under these circumstances. Using a multi-nutrient predator–prey model, it is demonstrated that these blooms can develop through the self-propagating failure of normal predator–prey activity, resulting in the transfer of nutrients into HAB growth at the expense of competing algal species. Rate limitation of this transfer provides a continual level of nutrient stress that results in HAB species exhibiting grazing deterrents protecting them from top-down control. This process is self-stabilizing as long as nutrient demand exceeds supply, maintaining the unpalatable status of HABs; such events are most likely under eutrophic conditions with skewed nutrient ratios.
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Motitsoe, Samuel N., Julie A. Coetzee, Jaclyn M. Hill, and Martin P. Hill. "Biological Control of Salvinia molesta (D.S. Mitchell) Drives Aquatic Ecosystem Recovery." Diversity 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050204.
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Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell (Salviniaceae) is a damaging free-floating invasive alien macrophyte native to South America. The biological control programme against S. molesta by the weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Erirhinidae) has been successful in controlling S. molesta infestations in the introduced range, however, there is some debate as to how biological control success is measured. This study measured the response of epilithic algae and aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in a S. molesta-dominated state and subsequently where the weed had been cleared by biological control, as a proxy for ecosystem recovery in a before–after control–impact mesocosm experiment. The restored treatment (S. molesta and C. salviniae) demonstrated epilithic algae and aquatic macroinvertebrate recovery during the “after” biological control phase, defined as similar to the control treatment. Comparatively, the impacted treatment (100% S. molesta) showed a drastic decline in biodiversity and shifts in community assemblages. We conclude that the biological control effort by C. salviniae facilitated biodiversity recovery of the impacted treatment. Furthermore, epilithic algae and aquatic macroinvertebrate communities were reliable biological indicators for measuring ecological impacts of invasion and ecosystem recovery following biological control, and thus represent potential tools for evaluating biological control success and ecological restoration.
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Hupp, Bettina, Bernadett Pap, Attila Farkas, and Gergely Maróti. "Development of a Microalgae-Based Continuous Starch-to-Hydrogen Conversion Approach." Fermentation 8, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8070294.
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Eukaryotic algae represent a highly heterogeneous group in terms of organization, lifestyle, and metabolic capabilities. Unicellular green microalgae are capable of biohydrogen production through direct and indirect photolysis as well as dark fermentation. Most algae hydrogen studies focus on axenic algal cultures, although these are difficult and expensive to maintain for continuous operation. Moreover, the complex interplays and metabolic fluxes between algae and bacteria in natural ecosystems provide a number of clear biological and technological benefits to large-scale functional algae-based systems. Two green algae species from the Chlamydomonas and Chlorella genera were used to engineer stable synthetic communities by incorporating a starch-degrading bacterium from the Bacillus genus into the inter-kingdom consortium. Continuous photoheterotrophic biohydrogen production was achieved by elaborating an appropriate algal–bacterial ratio and fine-tuning the culture conditions for the synthetic consortia. Medium with starch as only carbon source served as a simple model of cheap substrate for algal hydrogen generation. The engineered pairwise algal–bacterial associations showed increased biomass and biohydrogen yield compared to the axenic control conditions. Chlorella sp. MACC-360 produced a significantly higher amount of hydrogen when both the bacterium partner and starch were added to the media compared to the axenic algae. Continuous, elevated algal hydrogen production was achieved in media supplemented with 8 g L−1 starch as sole carbon source when carefully selected initial cell number values were used for the Chlorella sp. MACC-360–B. amlyloliquefaciens co-cultures.
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GHOSH, MINI. "MODELING BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ALGAL BLOOM IN A LAKE CAUSED BY DISCHARGE OF NUTRIENTS." Journal of Biological Systems 18, no. 01 (March 2010): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021833901000324x.
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This paper proposes and analyzes a nonlinear model for the biological control of algal bloom in a lake. Algal bloom often occurs in a lake due to excessive flow of nutrients from domestic drainage, industrial and agricultural waste, and this causes the decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the lake. Hence, it threatens the survival of other species of the ecosystem indirectly, and it is also responsible for the degradation of water quality in the lake because of less oxygen content. In this work we study biological control which means the introduction of predatory fish, i.e. the release of algae-eating fish into the lake to control the rapid growth of algae. We formulate our model by assuming Michaelis-Menten type ratio-dependent prey-predator interaction. The equilibrium of the mathematical model is found and also the stability is discussed in detail. It is observed that the positive equilibria is locally asymptotically stable under certain conditions on the parameters. Also the system is simulated for various sets of parameters and it is found that system may oscillate for some realistic set of parameters. In fact we found that the parameter m, which is the half saturation constant, is very sensitive and with the decrease in this parameter steady state solution of the system changes to stable oscillation. On the practical side, it means that the method of biological control by introducing predatory fish is not always beneficial because outcome of this method depends upon the actual value of the parameter. Here we get the paradox of biological control, which says that it is not possible to have low level of steady state equilibrium of prey population.
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Tripathy, Ashutosh, Ram Dev More, Sandeep Gupta, Jastin Samuel, Joginder Singh, and Ram Prasad. "Present and Future Prospect of Algae: A Potential Candidate for Sustainable Pollution Mitigation." Open Biotechnology Journal 15, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070702115010142.
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Pollution control and mitigation are critical to protect the ecosystem and make everyone's life safer and healthier. Different pollution mitigation strategies and measures are implemented to remove pollutants, which broadly involve physical, chemical, and biological methods. Biological methods are found to be more sustainable, effective, and eco-friendlier than the other two methods. These methods mainly use microbes like bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants, and their products like enzymes and metabolic products to remove pollutants. Due to their unique photosynthetic ability and simple growth requirements, Algae can be grown using simpler components like CO2, sunlight, and media, making them a potential candidate to be used as a pollution mitigator. Algae can indicate and remove pollutants like CO2, SO2, NO2, and particulate matter from the air; these pollutants and particulate matter are either used for their growth or these are accumulated inside them.. Algal species have shown the efficient removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, explosives, petroleum contaminants, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and plastics from different water sources. There is a lot of scope in using algae to remove organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater treatment plants. Algae hold great potential to remove radioactive pollutants from natural resources and involve removal mechanisms like biosorption and bioaccumulation. Algae can be used with different adsorbent materials to develop adsorption systems for the adsorption of radionuclides and heavy metals. This review elucidates different algal species, their cultural conditions, the removal efficiency of different types of pollutants from the air, water, soil, and their role in genetic engineering and the algae's potential for waste mitigation.
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Galal, H. R. M., W. M. Salem, and F. Nasr El-De. "Biological Control of Some Pathogenic Fungi using Marine Algae Extracts." Research Journal of Microbiology 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jm.2011.645.657.
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Yang, Jing, Kai Qiao, Junping Lv, Qi Liu, Fangru Nan, Shulian Xie, and Jia Feng. "Isolation and Identification of Two Algae-Lysing Bacteria against Microcystis aeruginosa." Water 12, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092485.
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Algae blooms present an environmental problem worldwide. In response to the outbreak of harmful algal blooms in cyanobacteria, the role of biological control has drawn wide attention, particularly for algicidal bacteria. The mechanism underlying algicidal activity was determined in our study. Algae-lysing bacteria used were separated from water and sediment collected from the Fenhe scenic spot of Taiyuan. Genetic and molecular identification was conducted by polymerase chain reaction amplification based on 16S rDNA gene. These bacterial strains were identified as Raoultella planticola and Aeromonas sp. The algae-lysing characteristics were evaluated on Microcystis aeruginosa. For the two algicidal bacteria, the high inoculation ratio (>8%) of bacteria strains contributed to the lytic effect. M. aeruginosa could be completely removed by these strains at different cell ages. However, the time used decreased with an increase in cell age. The removal rate was increased while M. aeruginosa was in the lag and logarithmic phases. The earlier bacteria strains could be inoculated, the sooner all algae could be removed. Both algicidal substances were protein, which could destroy the photosynthetic systems and break the cell of M. aeruginosa. The algicidal bacteria strain has important theoretical and practical significance for economic and feasible algae removal and provides good germplasm resources and technical support for the control of cyanobacterial bloom.
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Li, Hao, Jiaqi Wang, Enze Zhang, Yanan Shao, Lin Yang, Baiheng Yang, Yi Tan, and Ting Gao. "Cumulative Effects of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Measures on Algae Growth Inhibition." Water 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060877.
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Measures based on concurrent alterations of an environment’s physical, chemical, and biological factors are commonly adopted to control harmful algal blooms (HABs). It was postulated that the combinations and interactions of multiple measures could exert cumulative effects (as the overall effect may or may not be equal to the additive sum for each measure individually). However, few studies have further assessed whether the cumulative effect is synergistic, additive, or antagonistic. This study proposed a framework to distinguish and quantify the cumulative effects. We also designed an experiment to investigate the cumulative effect of the combined utilization of physical (flow velocity), chemical (copper), and biological (propionamide) measures on algae growth inhibition. The results show that the cumulative effect of physical and chemical measures on algae growth inhibition was antagonistic; the cumulative effect of physical and biological measures was antagonistic; the cumulative effect of chemical and biological measures was synergistic, and the cumulative effect of all the measures together tended to be antagonistic. These results showed that the synergistic interactions between chemical and biological measures produced antagonistic effects when physical measures were added. Through response surface methodology analysis, we also found that the physical factor was the most significant factor affecting the cumulative effect, followed by the chemical factor and then the biological factor. Our results provide a more detailed understanding of the interaction patterns among multiple measures that affect algal growth. Importantly, this understanding can be further integrated into future strategy development to fully exploit the potential of the cumulative effect at its maximum performance.
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Liu, Jixiang, Yajun Chang, Linhe Sun, Fengfeng Du, Jian Cui, Xiaojing Liu, Naiwei Li, Wei Wang, Jinfeng Li, and Dongrui Yao. "Abundant Allelochemicals and the Inhibitory Mechanism of the Phenolic Acids in Water Dropwort for the Control of Microcystis aeruginosa Blooms." Plants 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122653.
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In recent years, with the frequent global occurrence of harmful algal blooms, the use of plant allelopathy to control algal blooms has attracted special and wide attention. This study validates the possibility of turning water dropwort into a biological resource to inhibit the growth of harmful Microcystis aeruginosa blooms via allelopathy. The results revealed that there were 33 types of allelopathic compounds in the water dropwort culture water, of which 15 were phenolic acids. Regarding water dropwort itself, 18 phenolic acids were discovered in all the organs of water dropwort via a targeted metabolomics analysis; they were found to be mainly synthesized in the leaves and then transported to the roots and then ultimately released into culture water where they inhibited M. aeruginosa growth. Next, three types of phenolic acids synthesized in water dropwort, i.e., benzoic, salicylic, and ferulic acids, were selected to clarify their inhibitory effects on the growth of M. aeruginosa and their mechanism(s) of action. It was found that the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the growth of M. aeruginosa increased with the increase of the exposure concentration, although the algae cells were more sensitive to benzoic acid than to salicylic and ferulic acids. Further study indicated that the inhibitory effects of the three phenolic acids on the growth of M. aeruginosa were largely due to the simultaneous action of reducing the number of cells, damaging the integrity of the cell membrane, inhibiting chlorophyll a (Chl-a) synthesis, decreasing the values of F0 and Fv/Fm, and increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) of M. aeruginosa. Thus, the results of this study indicate that both culture water including the rich allelochemicals in water dropwort and biological algae inhibitors made from water dropwort could be used to control the growth of noxious algae in the future.
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Muhamad, Ida Idayu, Nabilah Zulkifli, Suguna a/p Selvakumaran, and Nurul Asmak Md Lazim. "Bioactive Algal-Derived Polysaccharides: Multi-Functionalization, Therapeutic Potential and Biomedical Applications." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 11 (August 6, 2019): 1147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190618152133.
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Background: In recent decades, there has been an increased interest in the utilization of polysaccharides showing biological activity for various novel applications owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and some specific therapeutic activities. Increasing studies have started in the past few years to develop algal polysaccharides-based biomaterials for various applications. Methods: Saccharide mapping or enzymatic profiling plays a role in quality control of polysaccharides. Whereby, in vitro and in vivo tests as well as toxicity level discriminating polysaccharides biological activities. Extraction and purification methods are performed in obtaining algal derived polysaccharides followed by chromatographic profiles of their active compounds, structural features, physicochemical properties, and reported biological activities. Results: Marine algae are capable of synthesizing Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and non-GAGs or GAG mimetics such as sulfated glycans. The cell walls of algae are rich in sulfated polysaccharides, including alginate, carrageenan, ulvan and fucoidan. These biopolymers are widely used algal-derived polysaccharides for biological and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and availability. They constitute biochemical compounds that have multi-functionalization, therapeutic potential and immunomodulatory abilities, making them promising bioactive products and biomaterials with a wide range of biomedical applications. Conclusion: Algal-derived polysaccharides with clearly elucidated compositions/structures, identified cellular activities, as well as desirable physical properties have shown the potential that may create new opportunities. They could be maximally exploited to serve as therapeutic tools such as immunoregulatory agents or drug delivery vehicles. Hence, novel strategies could be applied to tailor multi-functionalization of the polysaccharides from algal species with vast biomedical application potentials.
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López-Jiménez, Ibis Tarini, Lizette Irene Quan-Young, and Lennin Florez-Leiva. "Effect of terrigenous sediments on macroalgae functional-form groups of coral reefs in Capurganá, Colombian Caribbean." Scientia Marina 85, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05146.013.
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Increased sedimentation in the marine environment has been described as a key factor in the degradation of coral reefs. One of the most important biological components of coral reefs is macroalgae. The objective of this study was to determine whether the effects of terrigenous sediments on macroalgae affect the current state of the coral reef ecosystem. In an in situ experiment in Capurganá Bay, terrigenous sediments were added to artificial plates and the impact on the recruitment and growth of the macroalgae was examined. In this experiment, three treatments were used: sediment addition and two natural conditions, one up to 10 m distance from the sediment addition (control 1) and one between 15 and 20 m distance from the sediment addition (control 2). The results indicated a high complexity and variability in the response of reef algae to the effects of sedimentation depending on the sediment grade size deposited. The addition had a positive effect on the recruitment and growth of filamentous algae, primarily red algae, whereas it had a negative effect on coralline algae. The sediments found on the plates did not significantly change the macroalgal structure (P>0.05). However, a trend was observed in the change of the algal cover in each treatment. These results indicate that there is a wide range of response of the algae depending on the functional groups and the nature of the sediment.
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Yang, Jin, and Min Zhao. "Complex Behavior in a Fish Algae Consumption Model with Impulsive Control Strategy." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/163541.
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This paper investigates a dynamic mathematical model of fish algae consumption with an impulsive control strategy analytically. It is proved that the system has a globally asymptotically stable algae-eradication periodic solution and is permanent by using the theory of impulsive equations and small-amplitude perturbation techniques. Numerical results for impulsive perturbations demonstrate the rich dynamic behavior of the system. Further, we have also compared biological control with chemical control. All these results may be useful in controlling eutrophication.
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Skorobogatova, Olga, Elvira Yumagulova, Tatiana Storchak, and Sophia Barinova. "Bioindication of the Influence of Oil Production on Sphagnum Bogs in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, Russia." Diversity 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11110207.
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Algal diversity in the bogs of the Ershov oil field of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug–Yugra (KMAO-Yugra) with the gradient of oil pollution between 255 and 16,893 mg kg−1 has been studied with the help of bioindication methods and ecological mapping. Altogether 91 species, varieties, and forms of algae and cyanobacteria from seven divisions have been revealed for the first time from seven studied sites on the bogs. Charophyta algae prevail followed by diatoms, cyanobacteria, and euglenoids. The species richness and abundance of algae were maximal at the control site, with charophytic algae prevailing. The species richness of diatoms decreased in the contaminated area, but cyanobacteria were tolerated in a pH which varied between 4.0 and 5.4. Euglenoid algae survived under the influence of oil and organic pollution. Bioindication revealed a salinity influence in the oil-contaminated sites. A comparative floristic analysis shows a similarity in communities at sites surrounding the contaminated area, the ecosystems of which have a long-term rehabilitation period. The percent of unique species was maximal in the control site. Bioindication results were implemented for the first time in assessing the oil-polluted bogs and can be recommended as a method to obtain scientific results visualization for decision-makers and for future pollution monitoring.
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Thibaut, Thierry, Alexandre Meinesz, Philippe Amade, Stéphane Charrier, Kate De Angelis, Santina Ierardi, Luisa Mangialajo, Jennifer Melnick, and Valérie Vidal. "Elysia subornata (Mollusca) a potential control agent of the alga Caulerpa taxifolia (Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 3 (June 2001): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315401004143.
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The biological characteristics of Elysia subornata (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) were studied in an aquarium to assess its risks and chance of success as a potential biological control agent against the invasive alga Caulerpa taxifolia (Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea. This species feeds only on Caulerpa and has benthic larval development. Dietary switching is possible on some Mediterranean Caulerpales but feeding on other algae and sea grass is unlikely. The main limiting factor for the success of studied Caribbean strain of E. subornata are the Mediterranean winter temperatures which are lethal for that species. For the five months of the year which are favourable for feeding, growth and reproduction, the tested strain of E. subornata cannot reach a population density capable of controlling C. taxifolia.
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Nguyen, T. C. T., J. Md Khudzari, F. Imamura, S. Sethi, and K. Iwamoto. "BSC (biological soil crust) Method for soil erosion control and vegetation recovery: Case studies in Japan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1091, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1091/1/012033.
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The biological soil crust (BSC) is a naturally occurring vegetation layer in the topsoil that is composed of a diverse array of microscopic living organisms such as cyanobacteria, green algae, lichen, liverworts, moss, micro-fungi, and other bacteria. BSC cover is well recognized for mitigating soil erosion caused by wind forces and overland flow. By forming a sheet-like soil microbe community, BSC cover can bind loose soil particles, stabilize and protect soil surfaces. This article reviews the applications of human-induced BSC, namely BSC Method, that was developed by the Japanese company Nippon Koei Co. Ltd. The BSC Method utilizes an algal species called BSC-1. We also discussed the BSC projects undertaken by Nippon Koei Co. Ltd between 2016 and 2021. BSC Method has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing and controlling soil erosion and regenerating vegetation; this method is simple, eco-friendly, and inexpensive.
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Nakamura, N., K. Nakano, N. Sugiura, and M. Matsumura. "Characterization of an algae-lytic substance secreted by Bacillus cereus, an indigenous bacterial isolate from Lake Kasumigaura." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2002): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0747.
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In order to develop a practical biological strategy for water bloom-control in Lake Kasumigaura, indigenous algae-lytic bacteria targeting Microcystis spp. (the dominant cyanobacteria), was first carried out. Some basic lytic characteristics of the isolates concerning the biological and physico-chemical factors in actual water environments were then investigated. Fifteen algae-lytic bacteria were successfully isolated using the double layer method. The isolate showing the highest lytic activity was identified as Bacillus cereus based on the 16SrRNA sequence. Extracellular products of B. cereus were found to be responsible for algae-lytic activity. Algae-lytic assay tests using bacterial supernatants pre-treated under several conditions indicated that the majority of the effective algae-lytic substances were either hydrophilis or hydrophobics with a carbon number less than 18, and with molecular weight less than 2000 Da. The algae-lytic activity of the bacterial supernatant was found to be enhanced under alkaline conditions, but it was lost under acidic conditions. This pH specific characteristic is advantageous for application in water bloom environments where the pH is usually in the alkaline region.
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Khoukhi, Faiza, Nacer-Eddine Djelali, Salima Kebouche, and Mohamed Lamine Gana. "Contribution to the Study of Biotechnological Control Techniques Applied Against Biocorrosion Oil Installations." Revista de Chimie 72, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.21.3.8433.
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The biological activity of oil extracted from green algae has long been known, but evaluation of bimolecular activities contained in this oil on an industrial scale, especially in the oil industry, was the objective of our research project. The first stapes of this study is to extract the essential oil from green algae marine Ulva Lactuca in our region, obtained by extraction/purification method based on hydro distillation and methanol extraction, the work performed at the laboratories of Sonatrach (SH/DTD/AUI/CEM). The second stapes is to evaluate the potential of these algae extracts on microbiologically influenced corrosion. After chemical-physic characterization of two bio naturals products A and B, we test their effectiveness as a bactericide on bacterial corrosion of carbon steel in water contained sulfate reducing bacteria by electrochemical analysis techniques (Open-circuit potential/OCP and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy/EIS).
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Lajavardi, Mahdie Sadat, and Mahsa Kavousi. "The effect of extract of Dunaliella salina L. on expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2 in Hela cell line." Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 43, no. 2 (May 23, 2021): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mj.2021.044.
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Background: After breast cancer, cervix neoplasm is the most common disease among young women. Nowadays, natural substances are used in the treatment of diseases, because of the known side effects of the chemical drugs. Dunaliella is a green alga that lives in the saltwater lakes of Iran and is abundant in antioxidant substances. This paper aimed to study the effect of Dunaliella extract on the expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 gene in Hela cell line. Expression of this gene is increased during cancer. It is expected that gene expression will be reduced if the alga extract is effective. Methods: Hela was prepared from the Center for Genetic and Biological Reserves of Iran and cultured. After culture, cells were divided into two treatment and control groups. Different concentrations of algae extract were applied to the treatment group for 48 hours. Then its toxicity was measured using MTT assay and IC50 was determined. RNA was extracted from cells of two groups, to determine the relative amount of gene expression at a concentration of IC50. Then Real-time PCR was used. Results: The result of Real-time PCR showed that the relative expression of BCL-2, in treatment group cells that were affected by algae extract, was four times lower than the control group. Since the P-value is less than 0.05 (P-value = 0), this decrease is significant. Conclusion: After 48 hours, at a concentration of IC50 of algae extract, the relative expression of BCL-2 was four times lower than control group.
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Kopp, Radovan, Tomáš Brabec, Jan Mareš, Eliška Maršálková, and Blahoslav Maršálek. "The Utilization of Algae with the Aim to Increase the Fatty Acid Content in Muscle of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 1 (2019): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967010091.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of feeds with the addition of various algae and cyanobacteria. Common carp (average body mass of 19.6 ± 3.49 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed a commercial feed (control group), the same commercial feed with the addition of 10 % of dry green algae of the genus Chlorella (chlorella group), dry biomass of algae from waste water treatment (algae group), and lyophilized toxic cyanobacterial biomass of the genus Microcystis (microcystis group). After 29 days of the experiment, standard indices for the assessment of feed utilization, external characteristics, fish condition, chemical composition of muscles and composition of fatty acids were measured. The feed variants with the addition of green algae (chlorella and algae groups) appeared to be nutritionally more favorable in our experiment. A higher content of PUFAs and total amount of fats (expressed in units of weight) were found in the groups of fish fed the green algae and algae from waste water treatment supplemented feed.
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Akter, Liza, Md Akram Ullah, Mohammad Belal Hossain, Anu Rani Karmaker, Md Solaiman Hossain, Mohammed Fahad Albeshr, and Takaomi Arai. "Diversity and Assemblage of Harmful Algae in Homestead Fish Ponds in a Tropical Coastal Area." Biology 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11091335.
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Algae are the naturally produced food for fish in any aquatic ecosystem and an indicator of a productive pond. However, excess abundance of harmful algae can have detrimental effects on fish health. In this study, the algal communities of 30 coastal homestead fish ponds were investigated to identify the diversity, assemblage and controlling environmental variables of harmful algae from a tropical coastal area. The findings showed that 81 of the 89 genera of identified algae were harmful, with the majority of them being in the classes of Cyanophyceae (50.81%), Chlorophyceae (23.75%), Bacillariophyceae (9.5%), and Euglenophyceae (8.47%). Microcystis spp. alone contributed 28.24% to the total abundance of harmful algae. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in algal abundance were found among the ponds with the highest abundance (470 ± 141.74 × 103 cells L−1) at pond (S25) near agricultural fields and the lowest abundance (109.33 ± 46.91 × 103 cells L−1) at pond (S14) which was lacking sufficient sunlight and nutrients. Diversity indices, e.g., dominance (D), evenness (J′), richness (d) and Shannon diversity index (H′) ranged from 0.17 to 0.44, 0.23 to 0.6, 0.35 to 2.23 and 0.7 to 1.79, respectively, indicating a moderate range of diversity and community stability. Community composition analysis showed the assemblage was dominated by Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae, whereas, multivariate cluster analyses (CA) identified 11 major clusters. To identify the factors controlling their distribution or community assemblages, eight environmental variables (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, transparency, nitrates, phosphates and sulphate) were measured. ANOVA analysis showed that the variables significantly differed (p < 0.05) among the ponds, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that DO, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, salinity and transparency have the most impact on the abundance of algal genera. In addition, analyses with Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that the abundance of total algae, diversity and community were mainly governed by phosphates and sulphates. These results can be used to identify and control these toxic algal groups in the local aquaculture sector.
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Pereira, Antia G., Maria Fraga-Corral, Paula Garcia-Oliveira, Catarina Lourenço-Lopes, Maria Carpena, Miguel A. Prieto, and Jesus Simal-Gandara. "The Use of Invasive Algae Species as a Source of Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activities: Spain as Case-Study." Marine Drugs 19, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19040178.
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In the recent decades, algae have proven to be a source of different bioactive compounds with biological activities, which has increased the potential application of these organisms in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, animal feed, and other industrial sectors. On the other hand, there is a growing interest in developing effective strategies for control and/or eradication of invasive algae since they have a negative impact on marine ecosystems and in the economy of the affected zones. However, the application of control measures is usually time and resource-consuming and not profitable. Considering this context, the valorization of invasive algae species as a source of bioactive compounds for industrial applications could be a suitable strategy to reduce their population, obtaining both environmental and economic benefits. To carry out this practice, it is necessary to evaluate the chemical and the nutritional composition of the algae as well as the most efficient methods of extracting the compounds of interest. In the case of northwest Spain, five algae species are considered invasive: Asparagopsis armata, Codium fragile, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Sargassum muticum, and Grateulopia turuturu. This review presents a brief description of their main bioactive compounds, biological activities, and extraction systems employed for their recovery. In addition, evidence of their beneficial properties and the possibility of use them as supplement in diets of aquaculture animals was collected to illustrate one of their possible applications.
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Neumann, Ulrike, Felix Derwenskus, Andrea Gille, Sandrine Louis, Ulrike Schmid-Staiger, Karlis Briviba, and Stephan Bischoff. "Bioavailability and Safety of Nutrients from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Phaeodactylum tricornutum in C57BL/6 Mice." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10080965.
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Microalgae are rich in macronutrients and therefore, they have been proposed as a potential future food source preserving natural resources. Here, we studied safety and bioavailability of algae nutrients in mice. Three microalgae species, Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were studied after ball mill disruption at different doses (5%, 15% and 25% dry weight) for 14 days. In response to all three algae diets, we observed a weight gain similar or superior to that in response to the control diet. No substantial differences in organ weights nor gut length occurred. Protein bioavailability from the algae diets did not differ from the control diet ranging from 58% to 77% apparent biological value. Fat absorption was lower for microalgae compared to soy oil in control diets, albeit still substantial. High liver eicosapentaenoic acid levels were measured following feeding with N. oceanica, the algae richest in omega-3 fatty acids. Neither histological nor serum analyses revealed any heart, kidney or liver toxicity induced by any of the algae diets. Algae-rich diets were thus well accepted, well tolerated and suitable for the maintenance of body weight and normal organ function. No toxicological effects were observed.
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Liu, Liang, Xue Zhen Chen, and Wen Yi Zhang. "Algicidal Effect of an Algicidal Bacterium and Preliminary Studies on its Algicidal Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.25.
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In this study, algicidal effects of an algicidal bacterium, strain TL, on Microcystis aeruginosa were studied. The results demonstrate that the bacteria-algae ratio had a significant impact on algicidal effects. Illumination conditions affected the algicidal effects of TL as well. In illumination and darkness cycling, the optimum algicidal effects were realized. Algicidal mechanism of TL was further studied. TL may kill algae through the secretion of certain extracellular nonprotein substance. This research may provide technical basis for biological algae control of Microcystis aeruginosa.
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Zhao, Min, Han Xiao, Dong Sun, and Shunshan Duan. "Investigation of the Inhibitory Effects of Mangrove Leaves and Analysis of Their Active Components on Phaeocystis globosa during Different Stages of Leaf Age." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112434.
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The presence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) can cause significant problems to the quality of the water, the marine ecosystems, and the human health, and economy worldwide. Biological remediation can inhibit harmful algal growth efficiently in an environmental-friendly manner. Therefore, the research conducted on biological remediation with regard to the inhibition of HABs is becoming a major focus in marine ecology. To date, no study has been reported with regard to the red tides occurring in mangrove wetlands. Therefore, the present study used two mangrove species, namely Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel and one harmful algae species Phaeocystis globosa as experimental organisms. The present study determined the inhibitory effects and algae physiology of specific aqueous extracts from mangrove leaves on the viability of harmful algae, and analyzed the main chemical composition of the aqueous extracts by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The results indicated that the aqueous extracts from different leaf ages of B. gymnorrhiza and K. candel leaves exhibited apparent inhibitory effects on the growth of P. globosa. The inhibitory effects of B. gymnorrhiza and K. candel leaves aqueous extracts on the growth of P. globosa were in the following order: senescent > mature > young leaves. The levels of the parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA)content in P. globosa following treatment with B. gymnorrhiza and K. candel leaves aqueous extracts were increased as follows: senescent > mature > young leaves. Simultaneously, the intensity of the ion peaks of the specific secondary metabolites assigned 4 (No.: 4 Rt: 2.83 min), 7 (No.: 7 Rt: 3.14 min), 8 (No.: 8 Rt: 3.24 min), 9 (No.: 9 Rt: 3.82min) and 10 (No.: 10 Rt: 4.10 min) were increased. These metabolites were found in the aqueous extracts from B. gymnorrhiza leaves. The intensities of the ion peaks of the secondary metabolites 7, 8 in the aqueous extracts from the K. candel leaves were also increased. The majority of the substances that inhibited the algae found in the mangrove plants were secondary metabolites. Therefore, we considered that the norsesquiterpenes compounds 4, 8, 9, and 10 and a phenolic glycoside compound 7 were the active constituents in the aqueous extracts of the mangrove leaves responsible for the inhibition of algae growth. This evidence provided theoretical guidance for the development of biological methods to control red tides and for the further use of substances with antiproliferative activity against algae.
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Zhang, Pengfei, Xiaoyu Cui, Huihuang Luo, Wenqi Peng, and Yunxia Gao. "Research on the Application of Typical Biological Chain for Algal Control in Lake Ecological Restoration—A Case Study of Lianshi Lake in Yongding River." Water 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 3079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213079.
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Maintaining the health of lake ecosystems is an urgent issue. However, eutrophication seriously affects lakes’ ecological functions. Eutrophication is also the main target of lake ecological restoration. It is vital to carry out research on lake eutrophication control and energy flow evaluation in ecosystems scientifically. Based on in situ survey results for the aquatic life data for Lianshi Lake from 2018 to 2019, the Ecopath model was used to establish an evaluation index system for the typical biological chain to screen out the key species in the water ecosystem, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method was used to screen all the biological chains controlling algae. A combination of the FCE coupled with the Ecopath screening method for typical biological chains for algal control was applied to the Lianshi Lake area; the results show that the typical biological chain for algal control is phytoplankton (Phyt)–zooplankton (Zoop)–macrocrustaceans (Macc)–other piscivorous (OthP). Upon adjusting the biomass of Zoop and Macc in the typical biological chain for algal control to three times that of the current status, the ecological nutrition efficiency of Phyt was increased from 0.308 to 0.906. The material flow into the second trophic level from primary producers increased from 3043 to 8283 t/km2/year. The amount of detritus flowing into primary producers for sedimentation decreased from 7618 to 2378 t/km2/year. Finally, the total primary production/total respiratory volume (TPP/TR) decreased from 9.224 to 3.403, the Finn’s cycle index (FCI) increased from 13.6% to 17.5%, and the Finn’s average energy flow path length (FCL) increased from 2.854 to 3.410. The results suggest that the problem of eutrophication can be solved by introducing Zoop (an algal predator) and Macc to a large extent, resulting in improved ecosystem maturity. The research results can facilitate decision making for the restoration of urban lake water ecosystems.
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Zhao, Kangxu, Jing Yang, Junping Lv, Qi Liu, Xudong Liu, Shulian Xie, and Jia Feng. "Structural Characteristics of Periphytic Algal Community and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Taiyuan Region of the Fenhe River." Water 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14142151.
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In order to explore the characteristics of the periphytic algae community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River, a total of six sampling sites were investigated in July and December 2021. The effects of water quality status and environmental factors at each sampling point on the community structure of epiphytes were detected. The results showed that a total of 7 phyla and 54 genera of periphytic algae were identified in the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River, and the species composition was mainly Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, and Chlorophyta. According to the analysis results of the biodiversity index, the water body of the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River is in a state of moderate pollution. The correlation analysis between the epiphytic algae and environmental factors showed that the cell density of algae was significantly correlated with dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate (PO43−-P), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and transparency (SD) in the wet season. The algal cell density in the dry season was significantly correlated with water temperature (WT), TP, PO43−-P, and COD. According to the redundancy analysis, the community distribution of the epiphytic algae in the Taiyuan region of the Fenhe River was closely related to physical and chemical factors such as COD, nitrate nitrogen (NO−3 -N), WT, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and TP, and COD is the main environmental factor driving the change in the community distribution of the periphytic algae in the wet season. TN is the main control factor driving the change in the biological community distribution of periphytic algae in the dry season.
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A.Sh. Al-Naymi, Noor, Hanan A.S. Al-Naymi, and Muhanned R. Nashaat. "Toxicity Stress of the Durah Power Plant Ash and its Effect on the Alga Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg) Rabenhorst 1868." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 40, no. 2 (2022): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-040.2.188192.
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Al-Naymi, N.A.Sh., H.A.S. AL-Nuaimi and M.R. Nashaat. 2022. Toxicity Stress of the Durah Power Plant Ash and its Effect on the Alga Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg) Rabenhorst 1868. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.188192 This study illustrates the acute toxic effect of ash released from Durah power plant (DPP) on the biology of the phytoplankton species Chlorococcum humicola in Iraq. The results showed that the median lethal concentration for killing 50% of the Alga population (LC50) was 0.15 and 0.13 ppt (parts per thousand) for 24 and 48 hours exposure to crude ash concentrations, respectively. In contrast, no LC50 value was recorded for 72 and 96 hrs after exposure. The reduction in the optical density absorption value and the growth rate recorded was 0.083±0.121 cells for the highest ash concentration used, compared with 0.594±0.099 cells recorded for the control group. On the other hand, the doubling time for the control group was 1.16±0.652 an hour compared with 1.36±0.981 an hour recorded for 2 ppt ash exposure. The current study confirms that the crude ash concentrations tested had an adverse toxic effect on the biological parameters of the algal species Chlorococcum humicola in Iraq. Keywords: Algae, fly ash, pollutants, power plant, C. humicola
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Kulik, Martin M. "The potential for using cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and algae in the biological control of plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi." European Journal of Plant Pathology 101, no. 6 (November 1995): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01874863.
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Zhao, Jianglin, and Yong Yan. "Dynamics of a Seasonally Forced Phytoplankton-Zooplankton Model with Impulsive Biological Control." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2560195.
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This paper investigates the dynamics of a seasonally forced phytoplankton-zooplankton model with impulsive biological control. It shows that the periodic eradicated solution is unstable. Further, the condition for permanence of the system is established by relations between the model parameters and the intensity of the impulses. The numerical analysis is performed to study the effect of seasonality and impulsive perturbations on plankton dynamics. The numerical results imply that the seasonal forcing can trigger more periodic mode and the impulsive period for control of the size of phytoplankton is more practicable to the system than the impulsive release of zooplankton. These conclusions provide a better understanding of controlling harmful algae blooms.
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Rajput, Ritu Singh, Sonali Pandey, and Seema Bhaduria. "Bioremediation Potential Study of Algae." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.287116.
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The Dravyavati River (Amanishah Nala) as "the existing line of Jaipur" is the most contaminated channel in Jaipur. It additionally demonstrates its potential for self-filtration. Bioremediation is a contamination control innovation that utilizes natural frameworks to speed up the debasement or change of different dangerous organism to less destructive structures. Bioremediation is an acute and productive way for sterilization that has turned out to be progressively extended nowadays to close or weaken environmental contamination. The potential for green algae in wastewater remediation is anyway a lot more extensive in degree than its energy job. Water samples collected from Dravyavati River, Jaipur, India and identified algae through Microscopic method. The green algae assume a vital job in controlling and biomonitoring of genetic pollution in amphibian biological communities. Algae are critical bioremediation operators and areas of now being used in wastewater treatment.
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Na, Young-Kwon, Dong-Kyun Kim, Young-Shin Kim, Jung-Ho Park, and Ihn-Sil Kwak. "Biological Accessibility to Algae Control through Measurement of Filtration Rate of Three Freshwater Bivalves." Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment 54, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11614/ksl.2021.54.1.039.
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Costas, E., A. Aguilera, S. Gonzalez-Gil, and V. López-Rodas. "Contact Inhibition: Also a Control for Cell Proliferation in Unicellular Algae?" Biological Bulletin 184, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1542374.
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Su, Dan. "Biological Toxicity of Five Metal Ions on Marine Algea." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.17.
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Internationally validated methods (ISO standards) for the determination of toxic effects were used in this study to evaluate the toxicity of metals [i.e. Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd] to a kind of marine algae, namely Chlorella autotrophica. In the test, the no observable effect concentration (NOEC) and the effective concentration for 50% of test algae (EC50) were obtained after 96-h of incubation at 25±1°C, by comparing the growth of the Chlorella autotrophica in the test samples and in the control. Among the 5 metal ions, mercury (Hg) was found to be the most toxic metal in the test (EC50=1.04 mmol/L), while cadmium (Cd) was the least toxic (EC50=151.37 mmol/L). The results from the Chi-square test of each dose-response equations showed that 96h-EC50s calculated were all precise and credible. According to both NOEC and 96h-EC50, the toxic sequence of these metals from high to low on the inhibition of Chlorella autotrophica’s growth was Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+.
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Jones, Ross J., and D. Yellowlees. "Regulation and control of intracellular algae (= zooxanthellae) in hard corals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 352, no. 1352 (April 29, 1997): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1997.0033.
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To examine algal (= zooxanthellae) regulation and control, and the factors determining algal densities in hard corals, the zooxanthellae mitotic index and release rates were regularly determined in branch tips from a colony of a staghorn coral, Acropora formosa , recovering from a coral ‘bleaching’ event (the stress–related dissociation of the coral–algal symbiosis). Mathematical models based upon density–dependent decreases in the algal division frequency and increases in algal release rates during the post–bleaching recovery period accurately predict the observed recovery period (≈ 20 weeks). The models suggest that (i) the colony recovered its algal population from the division of the remaining zooxanthellae, and (ii) the continual loss of zooxanthellae significantly slowed the recovery of the coral. Possible reasons for the ‘paradoxical’ loss of healthy zooxanthellae from the bleached coral are discussed in terms of endodermal processes occurring in the recovering coral and the redistribution of newly formed zooxanthellae to aposymbiotic host cells. At a steady–state algal density of 2.1 × 10 6 zooxanthellae cm −2 at the end of the recovery period, the zooxanthellae would have to form a double layer of cells in the coral tissues, consistent with microscopic observations. Neighbouring colonies of A. formosa with inherently higher algal densities possess proportionately smaller zooxanthellae. Results suggest that space availability and the size of the algal symbionts determines the algal densities in the coral colonies. The large increases in the algal densities reported in corals exposed to elevated nutrient concentrations (i.e between a two– and five–fold increase in the algal standing stock) are not consistent with this theory. We suggest that increases of this magnitude are a product of the experimental conditions: reasons for this statement are discussed. We propose that the stability of the coral–algal symbiosis under non–stress conditions, and the constancy of zooxanthellae densities in corals reported across growth form, depth and geographic range, are related to space availability limiting algal densities. However, at these densities, zooxanthellae have attributes consistent with nutrient limitation.
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Wang, Qianqian, Xinguo Shi, Yisong Guo, Pin Lv, Yuying Zhong, Hui Xie, and Jianfeng Chen. "Optimization of Algicidal Activity for Alteromonas sp. FDHY-03 against Harmful Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 1274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091274.
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Prorocentrum donghaiense is a harmful-algal-bloom-forming species of planktonic dinoflagellates widely distributed around the world, which threatens the marine environment and human health. Bacteria are promising biological agents to control algal growth in HABs. Previously, we isolated an Alteromonas sp. FDHY-03, a P. donghaiense-lysing bacteria strain, from Xiapu Sea area of China. In order to improve the algicidal activity of this strain, we optimized the medium composition and culture conditions. Based on single-factor method experiment design, the optimum medium component of algicidal effect for strain FDHY-03 was sucrose and peptone. The result of Plackett–Burman design indicated that three significant factors (sucrose, peptone, and rotational speed) appeared. Finally, the concentrations of key factors were confirmed by central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized medium, the algicidal rate of strain FDHY-03 against P. donghaiense improved by 67.15%, and the OD600 value increased by 2.86-fold. The optimal source and condition were sucrose 0.46% (w/v), peptone 4.25% (w/v) addition, and rotation speed 255 rpm. Overall, this study provides an optimized method and optimum medium for improving the algicidal activity against P. donghaiense, and has a positive influence on algae-lysing bacteria for controlling the blooms of the algae in the environment.
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Domenico Prisa. "Biological mixture of brown algae extracts influences the microbial community of Lobivia arachnacantha, Lobivia aurea, Lobivia jojoiana and Lobivia grandiflora in pot cultivation." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.3.0190.
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Research goal: Based on the information found in the literature, it has been verified that the use of biofertilizing algae can definitely improve plant quality, growth, and blooms. In this work, studies were conducted to evaluate whether the use of algae in the cultivation of ornamental cacti in pots can improve the growth, ornamental qualities and resistance to salt stress of plants that normally grow in environmental conditions different from our latitudes. Materials and Methods: The experiments, started in September 2020, were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (PT), Tuscany, Italy (43°54′N 10°41′E) on Lobivia arachnacantha, Lobivia aurea shaferi, Lobivia jojoiana and Lobivia grandiflora herzogli. The experimental groups were: i) group control, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; ii) group control1, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized + 50 mM of NaCl once every 7 days; iii) group with algae, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized; iv) group with algae, irrigated with water and substrate previously fertilized + 50 mM of NaCl once every 7 days. On July 28, 2021, plant height and circumference, suckers’ number, number and length of thorns, vegetative and roots weight, flowers number, flowers life, plants dead from salinity stress, substrate microbial count, pH were analysed. Results and Discussion: The test showed a significant increase in agronomic and quality parameters analyzed in plants treated with algae extracts on Lobivia arachnacantha, Lobivia aurea shaferi, Lobivia jojoiana and Lobivia grandiflora herzogli. In fact, the trial showed in agronomic terms an increase in plant height and circumference, number of new suckers, vegetative and roots growth, number and length of thorns and flowers number. In qualitative terms, theses treated with algae extracts have shown a significant increase in the flower’s life and greater resistance to salt stress. The trial also showed an increase in the microorganism’s number in the theses treated with algae and a lowering of the pH in the substrate. The results therefore suggest the presence of additional sources of carbon and energy in particular nitrogen and phosphorus that ensure the increase of microbial populations and influence their behavior. Conclusions: This research paper highlights the potential of biofertilizer technology in terms of cost, environmental sustainability, and saline soil improvement. As in other experiments in the literature, the application of algae not only resulted in significant effects on plant growth but also influenced the development of microbial communities in the soil.
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Vainio, M., P. Appelqvist, and A. Halme. "Mobile robot society for distributed operations in closed aquatic environment." Robotica 18, no. 3 (May 2000): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574799002222.
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In this paper a multirobot system consisting of small size ball-shaped mobile underwater robots is introduced. Robots form a cooperative society operating together for a common goal. This is made possible by inter-member communication and control architecture allowing cooperation. The test environment is a closed aquatic process containing tanks, pipes, and a jet pump. The task considered is cleaning of biologically contaminated spots in the process. Detailed hardware structure of a robot-member as well as the control architecture are introduced. Behaviour of the cooperative system is demonstrated in a test environment where contamination caused by biological algae growth is emulated by infrared panels behaving like a living biomass.
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Manggau, M., S. Kasim, N. Fitri, N. S. Aulia, A. N. Agustiani, M. Raihan, and W. B. Nurdin. "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activities of sulfate polysaccharide isolate from brown alga Sargassum policystum." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 967, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/967/1/012029.
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Abstract This study investigated the effect of sulphate polysaccharide isolate obtained from brown algae Sargassum polycistum on their biological activities. The antioxidant activity using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method showed an IC50 value of 91.306 ppm compared to vitamin C as a positive control, with an IC50 value of 4,1667 ppm sulphate polysaccharide isolate showing intense antioxidant activity. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of sulphate polysaccharide isolate from the brown algae has been done using CFA (Completed Freund’s Adjuvant). This study used 25 mice divided into five groups, namely the positive control group, negative control, the sulphate polysaccharide isolate compounds (doses of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg). The results showed that the sulphate polysaccharide isolate had an anti-inflammatory effect that was not signed with positive controls but it was significantly different from negative controls. In anticoagulant activity, 25 mice were divided into five treatment groups: negative control, positive control, sulphate polysaccharide isolate sample with the dosage of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. The results showed that the sulphate polysaccharide isolate dosage of 100 mg/kg has anticoagulant activity. It can be concluded that sulphate polysaccharide isolates isolate has the potency to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease.
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Kouřimská, L., E. Vondráčková, M. Fantová, P. Nový, L. Nohejlová, and K. Michnová. "Effect of Feeding with Algae on Fatty Acid Profile of Goat’S Milk." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2014-0103.
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Abstract The study was conducted to determine whether the inclusion of algae Chlorella vulgaris in dairy goats’ diets would change the fatty acid profile and increase the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in goat’s milk. White short-haired dairy goats on 2nd and 3rd lactations were fed 5 and 10 g of dried algae supplementation for six weeks. The fatty acids profile of milk was analyzed using gass chromatography (flame ionization detector (FID)). The addition of dried algae caused changes of the profile of fatty acids in the milk. The more algae were added to the diet, the greater the changes in the fatty acids profile of milk were found. A statistically significant effect (P = 0.0390) was found between the control group and the group supplemented with 10 g of Chlorella vulgaris per goat per day. The greatest effect of dietary treatment was seen in the relative reduction of palmitic acid content and increased oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids content. Results suggested that the addition of algae also increased the nutritional quality of goat’s milk. There was a positive change in the ratio of SFA:MUFA:PUFA in terms of reducing the proportion of saturated fatty acids, as well as a change in the ratio of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs
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Mallin, Michael A., and Lawrence B. Cahoon. "The Hidden Impacts of Phosphorus Pollution to Streams and Rivers." BioScience 70, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa001.
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Abstract Phosphorus (P) enrichment to streams, lakes, and estuaries is increasing throughout the United States. P loading is typically viewed from a harmful algal bloom perspective; if added P causes excess growths of phytoplankton or macroalgae, it may become targeted for control. However, P loading also contributes to two other non–algae-based aquatic problems. Field and experimental evidence shows that P loading directly stimulates growth of aquatic bacteria, which can increase to concentrations that exert a significant biochemical oxygen demand on water bodies, contributing to hypoxia, a widespread impairment. Experimental evidence also demonstrates that fecal bacterial growth can be significantly stimulated by P loading, increasing health risks through exposure or the consumption of contaminated shellfish and causing economic losses from beach and shellfish area closures. Resource managers need to look beyond algal bloom stimulation and should consider the broader roles that excess P loading can have on ecosystem function and microbiological safety for humans.
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Aljaibachi, Rana, and Amanda Callaghan. "Impact of polystyrene microplastics on Daphnia magna mortality and reproduction in relation to food availability." PeerJ 6 (April 18, 2018): e4601. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4601.
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Microplastics (MPs) in the environment continue to be a growing area of concern in terms of acute and chronic impacts on aquatic life. Whilst increasing numbers of studies are providing important insights into microparticle behaviour and impacts in the marine environment, a paucity of information exists regarding the freshwater environment. This study focusses on the uptake, retention and the impact of 2 µm polystyrene MPs in the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna in relation to food intake (algae Chlorella vulgaris), with MP size chosen to approximately match the cell size of the algae. Daphnia were exposed to varied concentrations of MPs and algae. When exposed to a single concentration of MPs Daphnia almost immediately ate them in large quantities. However, the presence of algae, even at low concentrations, had a significant negative impact on MP uptake that was not in proportion to relative availability. As MP concentrations increased, intake did not if algae were present, even at higher concentrations of MPs. This suggests that Daphnia are selectively avoiding eating plastics. Adult Daphnia exposed to MPs for 21 days showed mortality after seven days of exposure in all treatments compared to the control. However significant differences were all related to algal concentration rather than to MP concentration. This suggests that where ample food is present, MPs have little effect on adults. There was also no impact on their reproduction. The neonate toxicity test confirmed previous results that mortality and reproduction was linked to availability of food rather than MP concentrations. This would make sense in light of our suggestion that Daphnia are selectively avoiding eating microplastics.
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Pires, Damiana, Ricardo Passos, Beatriz do Carmo, Carolina F. Tchobanov, Sara Forte, Mariana Vaz, Madalena Antunes, Marta Neves, Carla Tecelão, and Teresa Baptista. "Pelvetia canaliculata as an Aquafeed Supplement for Gilthead Seabream Sparus aurata: A Biorefinery Approach for Seaweed Biomass Valorisation." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 11469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811469.
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For sustainable and economically viable aquaculture, it is necessary to search for alternative sources of aquafeeds. Algae have been studied because of their bioactive compounds with several activities such as antioxidants. The direct incorporation of the macroalgae Pelvetia canaliculata in sunflower oil to increase oxidative stability and biological value results in waste with high nutritional value that may be used as an ingredient in aquaculture feed. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating algae powder (PEL 1%, PEL 10%) and algae waste obtained after sunflower oil supplementation (WO 1%, WO 10%) in aquafeeds for gilthead seabream. We studied the growth performance, haematological profile, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters, and intestine histomorphology. Experimental diets did not influence growth performance or somatic indexes, and barely affected the haematological profile. Catalase showed higher activity in seabream fed with PEL10 than with control diet. Total glutathione had a higher activity in fish fed with both WO diets. Plasmatic levels of cholesterol were higher in PEL1 and WO10. Triglyceride levels were higher in WO1 and total lipids were higher in both WO diets. The histomorphology of the intestine was slightly modulated by experimental diets but was not affected negatively. In general, supplementation with Pelvetia powder and algal waste oil may be used as an aquafeed for gilthead seabream according to the results obtained for growth, some haematological parameters, catalase and total glutathione, intestinal villi length, and the number of total and acid goblet cells.
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Dutot, Mélody, Elodie Olivier, Sophie Fouyet, Romain Magny, Karim Hammad, Emmanuel Roulland, Patrice Rat, and Roxane Fagon. "In Vitro Chemopreventive Potential of Phlorotannins-Rich Extract from Brown Algae by Inhibition of Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced P2X7 Activation and Toxic Effects." Marine Drugs 19, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19010034.
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Phlorotannins are polyphenols occurring exclusively in some species of brown algae, known for numerous biological activities, e.g., antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, and antiallergic properties. Their effects on the response of human lung cells to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has not been characterized. Our objective was to in vitro evaluate the effects of a phlorotannin-rich extract obtained from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on B[a]P cytotoxic effects. The A549 cell line was incubated with B[a]P for 48 and 72 h in the presence or absence of the brown algae extract. Cytochrome P450 activity, activation of P2X7 receptor, F-actin disorganization, and loss of E-cadherin expression were assessed using microplate cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Relative to control, incubation with the brown algae extract was associated with lower B[a]P-induced CYP1 activity, lower P2X7 receptor activation, and lower reactive oxygen species production. The brown algae extract inhibited the alterations of F-actin arrangement and the downregulation of E-cadherin expression. We identified a phlorotannins-rich extract that could be deeper investigated as a cancer chemopreventive agent to block B[a]P-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Stabili, Loredana, Margherita Licciano, Adriana Giangrande, and Carmela Caroppo. "Filtration of the Microalga Amphidinium carterae by the Polychaetes Sabella spallanzanii and Branchiomma luctuosum: A New Tool for the Control of Harmful Algal Blooms?" Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010156.
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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are extreme biological events representing a major issue in marine, brackish, and freshwater systems worldwide. Their proliferation is certainly a problem from both ecological and socioeconomic contexts, as harmful algae can affect human health and activities, the marine ecosystem functioning, and the economy of coastal areas. Once HABs establish, valuable and environmentally friendly control actions are needed to reduce their negative impacts. In this study, the influence exerted by the filter-feeding activity of the two sabellid polychaetes Branchiomma luctuosum (Grube) and Sabella spallanzanii (Gmelin) on a harmful dinoflagellate was investigated. Clearance rates (C) and retention efficiencies were estimated by employing the microalga Amphidinium carterae Hulburt. The Cmax was 1.15 ± 0.204 L h−1 g−1 DW for B. luctuosum and 0.936 ± 0.151 L h−1 g−1 DW for S. spallanzanii. The retention efficiency was 72% for B. luctuosum and 68% for S. spallanzanii. Maximum retention was recorded after 30 min for both species. The obtained results contribute to the knowledge of the two polychaetes’ filtration activity and to characterize the filtration process on harmful microalgae in light of the protection of water resources and human health. Both species, indeed, were extremely efficient in removing A. carterae from seawater, thus suggesting their employment as a new tool in mitigation technologies for the control of harmful algae in marine environments, as well as in the aquaculture facilities where HABs are one of the most critical threats.