Relevant bibliographies by topics / Algae

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Algae'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Algae"

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Liao, Zhiheng, Kefu Yu, Yinghui Wang, Xueyong Huang, and Lijia Xu. "Coral-algal interactions at Weizhou Island in the northern South China Sea: variations by taxa and the exacerbating impact of sediments trapped in turf algae." PeerJ 7 (March 13, 2019): e6590. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6590.

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Competitive interactions between corals and benthic algae are increasingly frequent on degrading coral reefs, but the processes and mechanisms surrounding the interactions, as well as the exacerbating effects of sediments trapped in turf algae, are poorly described. We surveyed the frequency, proportion, and outcomes of interactions between benthic algae (turf algae and macroalgae) and 631 corals (genera: Porites, Favites, Favia, Platygyra, and Pavona) on a degenerating reef in the northern South China Sea, with a specific focus on the negative effects of algal contact on corals. Our data indicated that turf algae were the main algal competitors for each surveyed coral genus and the proportion of algal contact along the coral edges varied significantly among the coral genera and the algal types. The proportions of algal wins between corals and turf algae or macroalgae differed significantly among coral genera. Compared to macroalgae, turf algae consistently yielded more algal wins and fewer coral wins on all coral genera. Amongst the coral genera, Porites was the most easily damaged by algal competition. The proportions of turf algal wins on the coral genera increased 1.1–1.9 times in the presence of sediments. Furthermore, the proportions of algal wins on massive and encrusting corals significantly increased with the combination of sediments and turf algae as the algal type. However, the variation in proportions of algal wins between massive and encrusting corals disappeared as sediments became trapped in turf algae. Sediments bound within turf algae further induced damage to corals and reduced the competitive advantage of the different coral growth forms in their competitive interactions with adjacent turf algae.
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Jian, Hou, Yang Jing, and Zhang Peidong. "Life Cycle Analysis on Fossil Energy Ratio of Algal Biodiesel: Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency and Oil Extraction Technology." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/920968.

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely used to analyze various pathways of biofuel preparation from “cradle to grave.” Effects of nitrogen supply for algae cultivation and technology of algal oil extraction on life cycle fossil energy ratio of biodiesel are assessed in this study. Life cycle fossil energy ratio ofChlorella vulgarisbased biodiesel is improved by growing algae under nitrogen-limited conditions, while the life cycle fossil energy ratio of biodiesel production fromPhaeodactylum tricornutumgrown with nitrogen deprivation decreases. Compared to extraction of oil from dried algae, extraction of lipid from wet algae with subcritical cosolvents achieves a 43.83% improvement in fossil energy ratio of algal biodiesel when oilcake drying is not considered. The outcome for sensitivity analysis indicates that the algal oil conversion rate and energy content of algae are found to have the greatest effects on the LCA results of algal biodiesel production, followed by utilization ratio of algal residue, energy demand for algae drying, capacity of water mixing, and productivity of algae.
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Kim, Gwang Soo, Yeonghwa Gwon, Eun Ji Oh, Dongsu Kim, Jae Hyun Kwon, and Young Do Kim. "Classification Technique of Algae Using Hyperspectral Images of Algae Culture Media." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2023): 4631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074631.

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Increases in algal growth have been reported in rivers, reservoirs, and other water resources worldwide, including Korea. Algal overgrowth can result in algal bloom, which has several negative impacts, such as ecosystem degradation and economic losses. Mitigation measures employed in Korea include an algal warning system and survey-based water quality forecast systems. However, these methods are time-consuming and require sample collection from the site. On the other hand, remote sensing techniques that use chlorophyll a are unable to distinguish between different types of algal species. In this paper, we aimed to identify a classification technique based on remote sensing methods that can be used to distinguish between blue-green algae and green algae. We acquired and prepared an algal culture solution and used a hyperspectral sensor to obtain an algae spectrum. Thereafter, we measured the absorption and emission spectra of blue-green and green algae and distinguished them using the instantaneous slope change of the spectrum. The absorption spectra for green algae showed two peaks at 417–437 nm and 661–673 nm, whereas those of blue-green algae showed three peaks at 449–529 nm, 433–437 nm, and 669–677 nm. The results of this study could form a basis for developing mitigation measures for algal overgrowth.
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Khan, Amna Komal, Humera Kausar, Syyada Samra Jaferi, Samantha Drouet, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi, and Sumaira Anjum. "An Insight into the Algal Evolution and Genomics." Biomolecules 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111524.

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With the increase in biotechnological, environmental, and nutraceutical importance of algae, about 100 whole genomic sequences of algae have been published, and this figure is expected to double in the coming years. The phenotypic and ecological diversity among algae hints at the range of functional capabilities encoded by algal genomes. In order to explore the biodiversity of algae and fully exploit their commercial potential, understanding their evolutionary, structural, functional, and developmental aspects at genomic level is a pre-requisite. So forth, the algal genomic analysis revealed us that algae evolved through endosymbiotic gene transfer, giving rise to around eight phyla. Amongst the diverse algal species, the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has attained the status of model organism as it is an ideal organism to elucidate the biological processes critical to plants and animals, as well as commercialized to produce range of bio-products. For this review, an overview of evolutionary process of algae through endosymbiosis in the light of genomics, as well as the phylogenomic, studies supporting the evolutionary process of algae was reviewed. Algal genomics not only helped us to understand the evolutionary history of algae but also may have an impact on our future by helping to create algae-based products and future biotechnological approaches.
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Gerrath, J. F., J. A. Gerrath, and D. W. Larson. "A preliminary account of endolithic algae of limestone cliffs of the Niagara Escarpment." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-086.

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This paper reports the discovery of endolithic algae from vertical limestone cliffs associated with the Niagara Escarpment, southern Ontario, Canada. The endolithic habitat forms a distinctive dark green layer 1–3 mm below the surface of the porous dolomitic limestone. Samples of the algal layer were isolated from freshly cleaved rock samples using sterile probes and grown on a solid (agarized) standard algal mineral medium supplemented with soil extract. A diverse assemblage of organisms grew on the agar plates, including bacteria, fungi, blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), green algae, yellow-green algae, and occasionally the protonemata of mosses. Isolated algae belong to unicellular, colonial, and filamentous morphological types. Algal genera that have been identified include seven blue-green algae (Cyanophyta or Cyanobacteria), six green algae (Chlorophyta), and one yellow-green alga (Xanthophyceae). Six of the algal genera found in Ontario rocks also occur inside rocks of the Colorado plateau in northern Arizona, and one genus also occurs inside Antarctic rocks. Key words: terrestrial algae, endolithic organisms, limestone cliffs, Niagara Escarpment, southern Ontario.
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Schumacher, G., and I. Sekoulov. "Improving the effluent of small wastewater treatment plants by bacteria reduction and nutrient removal with an algal biofilm." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0143.

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In wastewater ponds, bacteria numbers decrease considerably in the case of raised algae concentrations in the effluent. This shows that algae have a high potential for bacteria reduction in wastewater. Simultaneously, algae remove nutrients from the water for the formation of biomass. However, suspended algae also cause a high secondary pollution in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants. By using attached algae, as they are frequently observed as an algal biofilm in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants, the problem of separation of algae and water can be avoided. Furthermore, the algae can be removed simply from the water. In this study the possibilities for bacteria reduction and nutrient removal were examined with the aid of an algal biofilm. The results show that an algal biofilm process can be used for cases where small amounts of wastewater should be treated and a high quality of the effluent should be attained.
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Choi, S. K., J. Y. Lee, D. Y. Kwon, and K. J. Cho. "Settling characteristics of problem algae in the water treatment process." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 7 (March 1, 2006): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.214.

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The settling velocity or removal rates of problem algae in the water treatment process and their flocculants were measured with settling column (SETCOL) and fluorometric method. Our research who were centred on the algal density and shape affecting the settling. The settling velocities of large algae ranged from 0.1 cm/h to 2.6 cm/h, whereas those of small algae were below 1.0 cm/h. The settlings of algae in the stationary growth phase significantly increased and dead algae corresponded with the declining algae. The extent of deformation, which was expressed as the coefficient of form resistance of the algae had the great influences upon the settling. The most extreme deformed algae were needle-shaped ones like Synedra acus, which was known to be a problem in water treatment processes in Korea. Changes in the settling velocity of algae were correlated with algal volume and morphology rather than cell density.
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Smith, Martin T. Croft and Alison G. "With a little help from their friends: Algae acquire vitamins through intimate associations with bacteria." Biochemist 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02804017.

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Everyone is familiar with the concept of the Amazonian rainforest as the lungs of the world, but what is less well known is that 50% of the world's photosynthesis is carried out by algae1 -- simple aquatic plants found in all freshwater and marine systems. By analogy with higher plants, which evolved from the green algal lineage, it is assumed that algae are autotrophic, requiring merely light and a mixture of inorganic compounds to grow. It is perhaps surprising therefore to discover that more than half of all algal species require exogenous cobalamin for growth. Recent work has established that the source of the vitamin is from closely associated bacteria, which appear to live in symbiosis with the algal cells. At the same time, reports of other interactions between algae and bacteria are appearing, prompting a rethink on the concept of organisms existing as separate entities, and having profound implications for our understanding of oceanic ecosystems.
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McAuley, P. J. "The cell cycle of symbiotic Chlorella. I. The relationship between host feeding and algal cell growth and division." Journal of Cell Science 77, no. 1 (August 1, 1985): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.77.1.225.

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When green hydra were starved, cell division of the symbiotic algae within their digestive cells was inhibited, but algal cell growth, measured as increase in either mean volume or protein content per cell, was not. Therefore, control of algal division by the host digestive cells must be effected by direct inhibition of algal mitosis rather than by controlling algal cell growth. The number of algae per digestive cell increased slightly during starvation, eventually reaching a new stable level. A number of experiments demonstrated that although there was a relationship between host cell and algal mitosis, this was not causal: the apparent entrainment of algal mitosis to that of the host cells could be disrupted. Thus, there was a delay in algal but not host cell mitosis when hydra were fed after prolonged starvation, and algae repopulated starved hydra with lower than normal numbers of algae (reinfected aposymbionts or hydra transferred to light after growth in continuous darkness). Two experiments demonstrated a direct stimulation of algal cell division by host feeding. Relationships of algal and host cell mitosis to numbers of Artemia digested per hydra were different, and in hydra fed extracted Artemia algal, but not host cell, mitosis was reduced in comparison to that in control hydra fed live shrimp. It is proposed that algal division may be dependent on a division factor, derived from host digestion of prey, whose supply is controlled by the host cells. Numbers of algae per cell would be regulated by competition for division factor, except at host cell mitosis, when the algae may have temporarily uncontrolled access to host pools of division factor. The identity of the division factor is not known, but presumably is a metabolite needed by both host cells and algae.
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Lokuhewage, Asha U. M., and T. Fujino. "Two cyanobacterial strains can be distinguished from each other and other eukaryotic algae by spectral absorption method." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 6 (March 1, 2011): 1203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.359.

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Spectral absorption method based on two step linear regression analyses (TSLR) was applied for detection of two strains of cyanobacterium, Microcystis (blue-green algae) from eukaryotic algae. Both blue-green algae, algae and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were considered from freshwater bodies in Kanto region, Japan. The results show that blue-green species can be detected from other algal species using absorption spectra of water samples. In this study statistical analysis was done by TSLR method, which determined the gradient vectors of single algal species and DOC. We believe that this method might be useful in environmental monitoring of freshwater algae.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Algae"

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Trinko, Tara Rae. "Bottom-Up and Top-Down Controls on Algal Bloom Frequency in Two Shallow Mesotrophic Lakes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TrinkoTR2008.pdf.

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Misner, Ian. "Morphological & phylogenetic analysis of two species of heterokont alage [i.e. algae] /." Electronic version (Microsoft Word), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/misneri/ianmisner.html.

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Petrick, Ingolf, Lilli Dombrowski, Michael Kröger, Thomas Beckert, Thomas Kuchling, and Sven Kureti. "Algae Biorefinery – Material and energy use of algae." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-137259.

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Algae offer as much as 30 times greater biomass productivity than terrestrial plants, and are able to fix carbon and convert it into a number of interesting products. The numerous challenges in algae production and use extend across the entire process chain. They include the selection of suitable algal phyla, cultivation (which takes place either in open ponds or in closed systems), extraction of the biomass from the suspension, through to optimal use of the obtained biomass. The basic suitability of aquatic biomass for material use and energy supply has been demonstrated in a large number of studies. Numerous research projects are concerned with identifying the optimal processes to enable its widespread implementation. [... aus der Einleitung]
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Petrick, Ingolf, Lilli Dombrowski, Michael Kröger, Thomas Beckert, Thomas Kuchling, and Sven Kureti. "Algae Biorefinery – Material and energy use of algae." DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum, 2013. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A4316.

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Algae offer as much as 30 times greater biomass productivity than terrestrial plants, and are able to fix carbon and convert it into a number of interesting products. The numerous challenges in algae production and use extend across the entire process chain. They include the selection of suitable algal phyla, cultivation (which takes place either in open ponds or in closed systems), extraction of the biomass from the suspension, through to optimal use of the obtained biomass. The basic suitability of aquatic biomass for material use and energy supply has been demonstrated in a large number of studies. Numerous research projects are concerned with identifying the optimal processes to enable its widespread implementation. [... aus der Einleitung]
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Vercellino, Ilka Schincariol. "Resposta do perifíton aos pulsos de enriquecimento em níveis crescentes de fósforo e nitrogênio em represa tropical mesotrófica (Lago das Ninféias, São Paulo) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100626.

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Resumo: O estudo visou a (a) caracterizar as principais alteracoes estruturais da comunidade de algas perifiticas em condicoes de enriquecimento por pulsos de nitrogenio e fosforo (b) identificar a formacao de guildas de especies indicadoras; (c) avaliar a contribuicao do perifiton em relacao a outros compartimentos biologicos na retencao do fosforo. O experimento foi realizado em represa rasa tropical a partir de mesocosmos com controle de fluxo de agua, onde foram colocadas laminas de vidro para o perifiton, 78 L de agua da represa e 100 individuos de Ricciocarpus natans. O delineamento constou de controle e tres tratamentos (n = 3), com niveis crescentes de nutrientes (RN/P molar = 44): T1 - 100 ÊgP L-1 e 2000 ÊgN L- 1; T2 - 200 ÊgP L-1 e 4000 ÊgN L-1; T3 - 400 ÊgP L-1 e 8000 ÊgN L-1. Dezessete amostragens semanais foram realizadas durante 64 dias, sendo uma antes da adicao dos sais (preenriquecimento) e outra 24h apos adicao (pos-enriquecimento). A ACP separou as observacoes do controle e do pre-enriquecimento daquelas do pos-enriquecimento. Pela OECD, os tratamentos foram classificados em mesotrofico (C), eutrofico (T1, T2) e hipereutrofico (T3). O incremento de biomassa perifitica foi primordialmente direcionado pelas cargas crescentes de nutrientes e menos pelos pulsos de enriquecimento. O efeito cumulativo dos pulsos sobre a biomassa fitoplanctonica foi bem menor, sendo apenas evidente no T3 para as macrofitas. A composicao quimica da biota nao respondeu ao aumento das cargas de nutrientes e as comunidades autotroficas permaneceram P-limitadas. Em relacao ao balanco de massa, o seston foi o principal sequestrador de P, seguido pelo complexo macrofitas-perifiton e pelo perifiton. Entretanto, parte substancial de P ficou retida, muito provavelmente, no sedimento e sua microflora associada. Foram caracterizadas tres guildas indicadoras das condicoes ambientais
Abstract: The study aimed at (a) characterizing the main periphytic algae community structural modifications under nitrogen and phosphorus pulses enrichment conditions; (b) identifying the formation of indicating species guilds; and (c) evaluating the periphyton contribution towards phosphorus retention facing other biological compartments in the system. Experiment was carried out in a tropical shallow reservoir using water flux controled mesocosms where microscope glass slides were placed for periphyton attachment, 78 L reservoir water and 100 Ricciocarpus natans individuals. Experiment design included one control and three treatments (n = 3) with different nutrient concentrations (molar N/P ratio = 44): T1 - 100 ìgP L-1 and 2,000 ìgN L-1; T2 - 200 ìgP L-1 and 4,000 ìgN L-1; T3 - 400 ìgP L-1 and 8,000 ìgN L-1. Seventeen weekly samplings were performed during 64 consecutive days, one of them carried out before the enrichment (pre-enrichment) and the other one 24 hr after P addition (postenrichment). Principal Component Analysis separated observations of the control and preenrichment from those of the post-enrichment. According to OECD, treatments were classified as mesotrophic (C), eutrophic (T1, T2) and hypereutrophic (T3). Periphytic biomass increase was mostly directed by the increasing nutrient loads, and less by the enrichment pulses. Cumulative effect of pulses on the phytoplankton biomass was much lesser and evident only at T3 treatment for the macrophytes. Chemical decomposition of the biota did not respond to the increase in nutrient loads, and the autotrophic communities remained P-limited. Regarding to the mass balance, seston was the main P sequestrator, followed by the complex macrophytes-periphyton and the periphyton. Substantial part of P remained, however, trapped much probably in the sediments and its associated microflora. Three guilds indicative of environmental conditions were identified
Orientador: Denise de Campos Bicudo
Coorientador: Irineu Bianchini-Júnior
Banca: Liliana Rodrigues
Banca: Raoul Henry
Banca: Carla Ferragut
Banca: Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo
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Brooke, C. M. "Calcareous algae and algal limestones from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378104.

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Garcia, Filho Auro Silva. "Revisão das seções Acarporophytum, Aristata e Macrospora do gênero Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales) /." Rio Claro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108716.

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Orientador: Orlando Necchi Junior
Banca: Luis Henrique Branco
Banca: Valéria Cassano
Resumo: As três seções do gênero Batrachospermum - Acarposporophytum (com uma única espécie, B. brasiliense Necchi), Aristata (B. beraense Kumano, B. cayennense Montagne, B. longiarticulatum Necchi e B. turgidum Kumano) e Macrospora (B. equisetifolium Montagne, B. hypogynum Kumano & Ratnasabapathy e B. macrosporum Montagne) têm sido demonstradas como monofiléticas em estudos filogenéticos envolvendo pelo menos um representante de cada seção. As seguintes hipóteses foram testadas: 1) as seções Acarposporophytum, Aristata e Macrospora constituem grupos monofiléticos dentro do gênero Batrachospermum; as seções têm sido demonstradas como monofiléticas em estudos filogenéticos e com a adição de maior número de espécies e populações essa tendência deverá ser confirmada; 2) A maioria das espécies atualmente reconhecidas em cada seção com base em caracteres morfológicos será corroborada pelos dados moleculares. A presente revisão das três seções teve como objetivos: 1) inferir as relações filogenéticas, bem como os limites de variação intraespecíficas, das espécies dentro e entre as seções, bem como com outras seções do gênero, foram utilizados os caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos atualmente aceitos e três marcadores moleculares - rbcL, gene plastidial que codifica a subunidade grande da RUBISCO; região de "barcode" do gene mitocondrial cox1, que codifica a subunidade 1 da enzima citocromo c oxidase; e UPA - gene plastidial "universal plastid amplicon"; 2) elaborar estudo de revisão para as três seções por meio da realização dos caracteres taxonômicos diagnósticos para espécies desses grupos, à luz dos novos dados moleculares. Foram analisadas 19 amostras provenientes das regiões sudeste, centro-oeste, norte e nordeste do Brasil, além dos espécimes-tipo de cada seção e sequências disponíveis no "GenBank" para cada um dos marcadores utilizados. Os caracteres diagnósticos para o...
Abstract: he three sections of the genus Batrachospermum - Acarposporophytum (with the single species B. brasiliense Necchi), Aristata (B. beraense Kumano, B. cayennense Montagne, B. longiarticulatum Necchi and B. turgidum Kumano) and Macrospora (B. equisetifolium Montagne, B. hypogynum Kumano & Ratnasabapathy and B. macrosporum Montagne) - have been shown to be monophyletic in phylogenetic studies involving at least one member of each section. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) the sections Acarposporophytum, Aristata and Macrospora represent monophyletic groups within the genus Batrachospermum; the sections have been shown to be monophyletic and closely related in previous studies and with the addition of more species and populations this trend will be confirmed; 2) most species currently recognized in each section on the basis of morphological characters will be corroborated by molecular data. This revision of the three sections has the following aims: 1) to infere phylogenetic relationships and the intra-specific limits of variation of the species within and between sections, as well as with the other sections of the genus; the investigation used the morphological diagnostic characters currently applied and three molecular markers - rbcL, the plastidial gene encoding the large sub-unit of RUBISCO; the barcode region of the mithocondrial gene cox1, encoding sub-unit 1 of cythochorme c oxidase; and UPA, plastidial universal plastid amplicon; 2) to carry out a revisional study of the three sections by means of the reevaluation of taxonomic diagnostic characters for species within these groups, in the light of new molecular data. Nineteen new samples were analysed from the southeast, mid-west, north and northeast regions of Brazil, as well as the type specimens of each species and the sequences available in GenBank for each molecular marker. The diagnostic characters for section circumscription and species identification within the sections...
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Saraiva, Anna Isabel Nassar Bautista. "Respostas fisiológicas de macroalgas continentais à radiação ultravioleta /." Rio Claro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151243.

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Orientador: Orlando Necchi Júnior
Resumo: Nos últimos séculos a história do ser humano no planeta Terra tem sido marcada por intensos impactos ambientais antropogênicos negativos, dentre os quais destaca-se a maior exposição da radiação ultravioleta (UV) na superfície terrestre devido à destruição da Camada de Ozônio ocasionada pela liberação de substâncias tais como os CFCs (clorofluorcarbonetos). A radiação UV tem sido considerada com um dos principais fatores que afetam a distribuição dos organismos fotossintetizantes em ambientes aquáticos, tendo efeitos biológicos diversos como danos no DNA e em moléculas proteicas, alteração dos pigmentos fotossintéticos, modificações nos parâmetros fotossintéticos e crescimento desses organismos. Torna-se evidente, portanto, que as mudanças da incidência de radiação UV na superfície terrestre podem levar a alterações ecofisiológicas nas comunidades algais. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo central analisar as respostas fisiológicas (parâmetros fotossintéticos, concentração de pigmentos fotossintéticos e de substâncias fotoprotetoras) à radiação ultravioleta (UVA e UVAB) em macroalgas continentais (ambientes lóticos e aerofíticos). A idéia geral foi avaliar o nível de resposta (tendência de aumento ou diminuição em maior ou menor grau) na performance em função da exposição à radiação ultravioleta. Duas hipóteses gerais foram formuladas: 1) as respostas das macroalgas consistirão essencialmente de tendência de diminuição de sua performance fisiológica (parâmetros fotossintéticos e concentração de pigmentos) e aumento de substâncias fotoprotetoras sob exposição à radiação UV; 2) o nível de resposta será diferente entre os grupos de algas, sendo que para as algas verdes (tipicamente algas de sol) espera-se que sejam mais tolerantes à ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The history of human on planet Earth has been marked by intense negative anthropogenic environmental impacts, which enhanced the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation the Earth's surface due to depletion of the ozone layer caused by the release of substances, such as, CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons). UV radiation has been considered as one of the main factors that affect the distribution of photosynthetic organisms in aquatic environments, with varied biological effects, such as, damage to DNA and protein molecules, alteration of photosynthetic pigments, changes in photosynthetic parameters and growth of these organisms. Changes in the incidence of UV radiation on the Earth's surface can lead to ecophysiological alterations in algal communities. In this context, the objective of this investigation was to analyze the physiological responses (photosynthetic parameters, concentration of photosynthetic pigments and photoprotective substances) to ultraviolet radiation (UVA and UVAB) in inland macroalgae (lotic and aerophytic habitats). The general idea was to evaluate the level of response (trend of increase or decrease to greater or lesser degree) in photosynthetic performance to ultraviolet exposure. Two general hypotheses were formulated: 1) the responses of macroalgae will essentially consist of a trend to decrease in their physiological performance (photosynthetic parameters and pigment concentration) and increase photoprotective substances under UV exposure; 2) the response level will be different among algal groups, with green algae (typically sun-adapted algae) expected to be more tolerant to UV radiation, whereas red algae (typically shaded-adapted algae) to be more sensitive and the cyanobacteria having intermediate responses. Specific hypotheses were formulated for each part of the work (chapters). Experiments were performed under three ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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com, n_moheimani@hotmail, and Navid Reza Moheimani. "The culture of coccolithophorid algae for carbon dioxide bioremediationn." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050901.140745.

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The culture of coccolithophorid algae is an attractive option for sequestration or recycling of CO2 as they can fix carbon by photosynthesis as well as in calcium carbonate scales known as coccoliths. They also produce high amounts of lipids which have a potential application as a renewable fuel. Five species of coccolithophorids (Pleurochrysis carterae, CCMP647, Pleurochrysis sp. CCMP1211, Gephyrocapsa oceanica CS-335/2, Emiliania huxleyi CCMP371, and Emiliania huxleyi CS-369) were screened for their ability to grow at high temperature. All species grew up to 28oC except E. huxleyi CS-369. However, Pleurochrysis sp. CCMP 1211 which was found to clump and can therefore not be recommended for large-scale cultivation. The salinity tolerance of these species was also examined. Growth of P. carterae, G. oceanica, and E. huxleyi in laboratory scale closed photobioreactors (plate, carboy, airlift, and tubular photobioreactors) showed the plate photobioreactor to be the best closed cultivation system. The highest productivities were achieved by P. carterae in the plate photobioreactor and were 0.54 g.L-1.d-1, 0.12 g.L-1.d-1, 0.06 g.L-1.d-1 for total dry weight, lipid and CaCO3 respectively. The growth of P. carterae and E. huxleyi was also examined in an outdoor raceway pond. The E. huxleyi culture was easily contaminated resulting in the loss of the culture in less than three weeks, but P. carterae grew well over a period of 13 months. The overall total dry weight productivity of P. carterae was 0.19 g.L-1.d-1 with lipid and CaCO3 contents of up to 33% and 10% of dry weight respectively. There was little protozoan and bacterial contamination. Medium pH increased to pH 11 during the day and was found to be a reliable variable for maintaining the health of the culture. A maximum pH achieved during the day of less than pH 8.5 indicated the imminent collapse of the culture. Heavy rain and low temperature were the main reasons for culture loss in mid winter, whereas high temperature during summer favoured P. carterae growth. A comparison of the growth of P. carterae and Dunaliella salina MUR8 in the raceway ponds showed no significant differences between these two species with regard to areal total dry weight productivity and lipid content. The effects of several limiting factors were also examined. A reduction in medium pH resulting from CO2 addition inhibited the growth of E. huxleyi in the plate photobioreactor, whereas P. carterae growth and productivities increased in the pH range of pH 7.7 to 8.0 in the plate photobioreactor and pH 9.1 to 9.6 in the outdoor raceway pond. The best operational pond depth for outdoor raceway culture of P. carterae was between 16 cm and 21 cm. Early morning temperatures, especially during the winter, highly affected the growth of P. carterae in the raceway pond, whereas artificially increasing the medium temperature improved the health of the culture but resulted in little increase in productivity. Photosynthesis of P. carterae was found to be highly inhibited by high oxygen concentration in the medium irrespective of temperature or irradiance. An economic model of P. carterae in a 63 ha raceway plant resulted in a cost for the biomass of between 7.35 Aus$.Kg-1 and 14.17 Aus$.Kg-1 depending on the harvesting method used.
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Young, Ashton M. "Zeolite‐Based Algae Biofilm Rotating Photobioreactor for Algae and Biomass Production." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/986.

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Alkaline conditions induced by algae growth in wastewater stabilization ponds create deprotonated ammonium ions that result in ammonia gas (NH3) volatilization. If algae are utilized to remediate wastewater through uptake of phosphorus, the resulting nitrogen loss will hinder this process because algae generally require a stoichiometric molar ratio of N16P1. Lower ratios of N/P due to loss of ammonia gas will limit the growth and yield of algae, and therefore will reduce phosphorus removal from the water phase into the algae phase. In order to reduce nitrogen loss through volatilization, an ammonium selective zeolite, clinoptilolite, can be used to sequester nitrogen from the water phase as ammonium ion and in a form that is bioavailable for uptake and growth of algae. A novel algae biofilm rotating photo bioreactor (RPB) with clinoptilolite integrated to the outermost surface as the substratum for algae biofilm attachment and growth has been designed, constructed, and tested for ammonium capture and algae biomass production, with simultaneous removal of the algal nutrient phosphorus from water. The clinoptilolite‐based RPB (cRPB) provides algal biomass that can serve as feedstock for biofuel production through uptake of zeolite‐based nitrogen and water phase phosphorus.
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Books on the topic "Algae"

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Mandotra, Sachin Kumar, Atul Kumar Upadhyay, and Amrik Singh Ahluwalia, eds. Algae. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1.

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Warren, Wilcox Lee, ed. Algae. Upper Saddler River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.

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Niskern, Diana. Algae. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, Science and Technology Division, Reference Section, 1988.

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Graham, Linda E. Algae. Upper Saddler River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.

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Niskern, Diana. Algae. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, Science and Technology Division, Reference Section, 1988.

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Niskern, Diana. Algae. Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, Science and Technology Division, Reference Section, 1988.

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Warren, Wilcox Lee, and Graham James M. 1945-, eds. Algae. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2009.

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François, Doumenge, Durand-Chastel Hubert, and Toulemont Anne, eds. Spiruline, algue de vie =: Spirulina, algae of life. Monaco: Institut océanographique, 1993.

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Necchi JR, Orlando, ed. River Algae. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31984-1.

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Bellinger, Edward G., and David C. Sigee, eds. Freshwater Algae. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118917152.

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Book chapters on the topic "Algae"

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Hangay, George, Severiano F. Gayubo, Marjorie A. Hoy, Marta Goula, Allen Sanborn, Wendell L. Morrill, Gerd GÄde, et al. "Alga (pl., Algae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 110. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_138.

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Musetsho, Pfano, Nirmal Renuka, Sachitra Kumar Ratha, Ismail Rawat, and Faizal Bux. "Valorization of Wastewater via Nutrient Recovery Using Algae-Based Processes." In Algae, 1–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_1.

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Arora, Neha, and George P. Philippidis. "Fucoxanthin Production from Diatoms: Current Advances and Challenges." In Algae, 227–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_10.

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Singh, Devinder, and Giovanna Gonzales-Calienes. "Liquid Biofuels from Algae." In Algae, 243–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_11.

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Singh, R., A. K. Upadhyay, and D. P. Singh. "UV-B Coupled Lipid Induction: A Strategy Towards Economical Biofuel Production Through Algae." In Algae, 281–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_12.

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Gwala, Mamta, Susmita Dutta, and Rajib Ghosh Chaudhuri. "Microalgae Mediated Nanomaterials Synthesis." In Algae, 295–324. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_13.

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Shukla, Akhilesh Kumar, Atul Kumar Upadhyay, and Lav Singh. "Algae-Mediated Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Applications and Prospects." In Algae, 325–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_14.

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Kaur, Simranjeet, Akanksha Srivastava, Amrik S. Ahluwalia, and Yogesh Mishra. "Cyanobacterial blooms and Cyanotoxins: Occurrence and Detection." In Algae, 339–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_15.

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Bhardwaj, Nitika, Chitra Sharma, S. K. Mandotra, and A. S. Ahluwalia. "Potential of Golden Brown Algae in Forensic Analysis: A Review." In Algae, 353–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_16.

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Upadhyay, Atul Kumar, and S. K. Mandotra. "Constructed Wetland and Microalgae: A Revolutionary Approach of Bioremediation and Sustainable Energy Production." In Algae, 27–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7518-1_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Algae"

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Calinescu, Ioan, Alin Vintila, Aurel Diacon, Mircea Vinatoru, Ana Maria Galan, and Sanda Velea. "GROWTH OF NANNOCHLORIS ALGAE IN THE PRESENCE OF MICROWAVES (CONTINUOUS REACTOR)." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9820.

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Algae are very effective in capturing the sun's energy, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and nutrients to turn them into useful substances (carbohydrates, oils, proteins, etc.). Besides the main metabolites, there are also secondary metabolites, such as carotenoids (astaxanthin, β-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and canthaxanthin [1]). Both major and compounds existing in small amounts in algae are useful. Oils and carbohydrates could provide biofuels, proteins can get products with nutritional value and from carotenoids can be prepared food supplements. Obtaining biofuel from algae has not yet proved to be economically viable [2, 3]. A much higher interest might be getting food supplements from algae. To increase their value as ingredients for food supplements, algal oils should have a higher degree of unsaturation (rich in omega 3) and an increased carotenoid content to be an important additional benefit in over all processing of algae. There are studies that refer to the influence of environmental factors on algae composition [2], but the microwave influence on algae growth, especially algal metabolites composition change is very poor studied. In this paper, besides the experiments for the activation of algal growth in discontinuous reactors [4] additional work was conducted in a continuous photobioreactor. The goal was checking not only the growth of microalgae but also their content in polyunsaturated oil and in carotenoids. By microwave-controlled irradiation of the nutrient and algae flux, which is recirculated through the photobioreactor and through a glass reactor located in a TE-type monomod cavity, the lipid content of the algae increased, but only, the modification of the lipid fraction content was significantly increased in the concentration of polyunsaturated acids with 16 and 18 carbon atoms. As far as carotenoids are concerned, the algae nannochloris has a higher carotenoid content over many known vegetables holding carotene or lycopene (carrots or tomatoes). Besides oil increasing microwave treatment produced a significant increase in carotenoid content of algae. They can be extracted together with omega-3-rich algal oil and are the basis of very valuable dietary supplements.
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Huesemann, Michael, Scott Edmunson, Song Gao, Taraka Dale, Sangeeta Negi, Lieve Laurens, Philip Pienkos, et al. "DISCOVR: Development of Integrated Screening, Cultivar Optimization, and Verification Research." In Algae Biomass Summit. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1676405.

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Thorat, Bhaskar, Bhaumik Bheda, Manoj Shinde, and Rajaram Ghadge. "Drying of algae by various drying methods." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7761.

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Algae drying was carried out using Vacuum Tray Dryer and an Innovative Solar Conduction Dryer. Algae was dried in a Vacuum Tray Dryer at 60°C under varied pressure conditions and makes use of specially designed double condenser system. The open sun drying and solar conduction dryer (SCD) was also used for algae drying. Comparison between open sun drying and solar conduction dryer were done and it was found that the solar conduction dryer gives high performance than the open sun drying. It was also found that, the conductive heat transfer mode plays a crucial role in the solar conduction dryer. Keywords: Vaccum Dryer; Solar Conduction Dryer; Algal Drying
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Liu, Haidong, Zhongquan Charlie Zheng, and Bryan Young. "Three-Dimensional Computational Hydrodynamics Modeling for Algae Transport and Growth." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69050.

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In this study, a three-dimensional model coupling hydrodynamics with algae transport dynamics is investigated. The hydrodynamic model solves the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations by a semi-implicit, fractional step method, where the hydrostatic components are determined first and the non-hydrostatic pressure and other components are determined in a subsequent step. Wind velocity on the water surface is accounted for the effect of wind stress on the flow velocities in the hydrodynamic model. Then, the model is coupled with an algae transport model, which enables simulation of algae transport and algal blooms. As an example, the model is implemented to analyze the transition of blue-green algae in Milford Lake, which is the largest man-made lake in Kansas suffering from blue-green algae blooms. The three-dimensional model provides a robust and efficient way for hydrodynamic and algae modeling and can be implemented to studies on different types of rivers and reservoirs easily. The simulated results can be very useful for algae control and prediction in both short and long terms.
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Hochhalter, Matthew, and Stephen P. Gent. "Incorporating Light and Algal Effects Into CFD for Photobioreactor Design." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21310.

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The objective of this research is to develop models that represent the effects of light and algae and incorporate these effects within a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a photobioreactor (PBR). Several factors, including nutrient availability, carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, and frequency of high and low light intensity periods, affect the efficiency of biomass yield within a photobioreactor. However, even with a general understanding of the affecting factors, scaling up of photobioreactors from a laboratory to a commercial level exist and provide a challenge concerning efficiency. The development and execution of an integrated light, algae, and CFD model can provide insight into more cost and time efficient configurations of PBRs. In depth CFD studies have been used to predict thermal-fluid effects, including bubble-liquid interaction and temperature profiles; however, studies concerning algae-liquid interactions appear sparsely. In order to better understand up-scaling issues, new modifications of previous CFD methods incorporate an algae particle tracking method, as well as light modeling. The particle tracking method considers the individual algae cell as a volume-less and mass-less particle that follows the liquid velocity profiles within the PBR. The light model takes into account algal concentration as well as bubble location and bubble concentration. The integration of the models allows for the average intensity of light experienced by an algae cell to be numerically estimated, alongside the frequency of light and dark periods the particle experiences. The long term goal of this research is to develop an algae growth model that incorporates light intensity and the flashing light effect. The present research is a continuum of previous work aimed at pursuing the optimum design of a column PBR which is commercially viable and effective at producing algal biofuels and bioproducts.
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Beal, Colin M., Colin H. Smith, Michael E. Webber, and Rodney S. Ruoff. "A Framework to Report the Production of Biodiesel From Algae." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90075.

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Recently, algae have received a significant amount of attention as a potential feedstock for alternative fuels. Although multiple fuels have been proposed that would use algae as a feedstock, the most commonly explored algae-based alternative fuel is biodiesel. There are several coarse estimates that quantify the potential of algae as a feedstock for biodiesel. Some of these analyses have not incorporated specific values of algal lipid content and did not include processing inefficiencies. For example, in some analyses, specificity to the algal species and growth conditions is not provided, thereby introducing the opportunity for error. In addition, all necessary processing steps required for biodiesel production and their associated energy, materials, and costs might not be included. The accuracy associated with these estimates can be improved by using data that are more specific, including all relevant information for biodiesel production, and by presenting information with more relevant metrics. In order to determine whether algae are a viable source for biodiesel, two questions must be answered: 1) how much biodiesel can be produced from algae, and 2) what is the cost of production? To accurately answer these questions, we propose a framework for characterizing biodiesel production from algae. The framework focuses on three main principles. The first principle is the need for results to be presented in strong metrics. The strength of a metric is dependent upon the amount of information that it represents. The second principle in the proposed framework is that we suggest that researchers leave unknown information in symbolic form in order to present results in strong metrics. Presenting results in this manner ensures that results are not taken out of context; enables primary research results to be incorporated in systems-level analyses; and specifically identifies the areas where additional research is needed. The third principle is that results should be specific (to algal species, growth conditions, and product composition) and include as much information relevant to the entire biodiesel production pathway as possible, particularly including information for the energy, materials, and cost balances. To illustrate the application of the proposed framework, several examples of strong reporting metrics are presented. In addition, the presentation of unknowns in symbolic notation, and the associated benefit, is demonstrated. Finally, the limitations of several non-specific and non-inclusive reporting metrics are presented to highlight the necessity for consistent results regarding the potential for algae as a biodiesel feedstock.
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Cepec, Eva, Tjaša Griessler-Bulc, and Darja Istenič. "Uncovering algae biomass potentials: from wastewater to biostimulants." In Socratic lectures 10. University of Lubljana Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2024.i17.

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Abstract: The need to minimize human impact on the environment encourages alternative methods and solutions which could provide new steps towards green transition. Pop-ulation is growing and climate is changing which is causing distress in food production and to recycle resources is getting ever more important. It is already known that mu-nicipal wastewater is a nutrient-rich medium, furthermore there is great potential to implement new technologies for nutrient recovery. We must provide sustainable wastewater treatment and at the same time we must try to maximize utilization of all available resources found in wastewater. Wastewater is suitable for growing algal bi-omass which can later be used as biostimulants in crop production which is in line with the goals of circular economy. This article provides a short overview of several studies on algal wastewater treatment and types of biostimulants produced from algae biomass. Further research on algal biostimulants production using municipal wastewater need to be focused to pilot experiments and real wastewater since the ma-jority of reviewed studies are done on the lab scale with synthetic wastewater. Keywords: Nature-based solutions; High-rate algae pond; Agriculture; Reuse; Phyto-hormones
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Ozkan, Altan, and Halil Berberoglu. "Adhesion of Chlorella vulgaris on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64133.

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This experimental study reports the adhesion rate and adhesion density of Chlorella vulgaris on hydrophilic glass, and hydrophobic indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces at constant shear rate. Cultivation of algae as biofilms offers an energy and water efficient method for algal biofuel production. In order to design algal biofilm cultivation systems, algal adhesion and biofilm formation on substrates with different surface properties must be known. To assess this, a parallel plate flow chamber was used to quantify the adhesion rate of the commonly used algae Chlorella vulgaris to the surfaces under controlled shear rates. The contact angle and zeta potential measurements were made both for the algal cells and the adhesion surfaces to model adhesion. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek (DLVO), extended DLVO (XDLVO) theories, and the thermodynamic model. The experiments showed that the rate of adhesion over the hydrophobic surface was 81 cells mm−2min−1 which was 3 times larger than that of the hydrophilic surface for the first forty minutes of the adhesion experiments. Moreover, the final adhesion density over the hydrophobic surface was 6182 mm−2 after an experimental duration of 320 minutes which was 2.7 times that of the hydrophilic surface. Detachment studies done with increased shear rates showed that the adhesion strength of algae was also higher over the hydrophobic surface. The experimental results fit best with the results from the XDLVO theory. However, the model was inaccurate in predicting high detachment rate from the hydrophilic surface with increased shear rates. Results show the importance of surface material selection for the initial adhesion of cells. These results can be used for selection and design of surface materials for optimizing initial adhesion of algae cells in algal biofilm photobioreactors. Furthermore, the results can also be used for the design of planktonic photobioreactors to avoid biofouling.
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Yuan, Wenqiao Wayne, Yan Cui, and Z. J. Pei. "Algal Cell-Surface Interaction: An Overview and Preliminary Test." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84222.

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Five methods, namely adsorption, covalent binding, encapsulation, entrapment, and cross-linking, for algae immobilization were briefly reviewed in this article. The immobilization capabilities of four solid carrier materials (polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene, and cross-linked polyethylene) with two algal species (Nannochloropsis oculata and Scendesmus dimorphus) were tested. After 14 days of immobilization, polystyrene foam showed the best cell attachment and was covered by algae cells not only on the outer surface but also inside the porous spaces of the carrier. The cross-linked polyethylene also showed good attachment and growth of algae cells. Between the two algae species, N. oculata showed better cell attachment than S. dimorphus on all four materials indicating that cell characteristics played an important role in cell-surface interactions. The Derjaguin & Landau and Verwey & Overbeek (DLVO) theory was applied to understand the interaction mechanism and predicted attachment trends were found qualitatively accurate in matching the experimental results.
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Xu, Ben, Peiwen Li, and Peter Waller. "Optimization of the Flow Field of a Novel ARID Raceway (ARID-HV) for Algal Production." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18003.

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This paper addresses issues of flow field optimization for a water raceway which is used to grow algae for biofuels. An open channel raceway is the typical facility to grow algae in medium to large scales. The algae growth rate in a raceway is affected by conditions of temperature, nutrients, and sunlight intensity etc. These conditions are essentially associated with the fluid mixing in the flow field. Good flow mixing at low consumption of pumping power for the water flow is desirable for an economic algal growth facility. A novel design of an open channel raceway for medium- and large-scale algae growth field has been proposed by the authors previously, which is called High Velocity Algae Raceway Integrated Design (ARID-HV). Optimization analysis using CFD and experimental visualization has been applied to a table-sized ARID-HV test model with various geometries of dams and their spacing in the system. CFD results and flow visualization allow us to understand the flow mixing in the entire raceway. Data is also processed to show the statistics of the locations of ‘fluid particles’ at different height and time period during one flow path. Different flow field designs were thus compared quantitatively based on this statistics according to the understanding that the “tumbling times” of fluid particles at bottom/top of the water is tightly related to the growth rate of algae.
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Reports on the topic "Algae"

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Cender, Clinton, Catherine Thomas, Martin Page, Bradley Sartain, Brianna Fernando, Musa Ibrahim, and Alec Wahl. Rapid algae flotation techniques. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47704.

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Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is an effective technique for algae separation following the application of flocculants and coagulants. Some harmful algae produce mucilage or extracellular polymeric substances useful for flotation. This study evaluated natural polysaccharides to determine effects on algal flotation with DAF. Food-grade gums (xanthan gum, guar gum, gum arabic, gellan gum, and diutan gum) were tested with cyanobacteria cultures singly and in combination with commercial flocculants (including Tramfloc 222 and Tramfloc 300). Gum arabic alone had no effect when evaluated at concentrations between 10 mg/L and 5,000 mg/L. However, the combination of gum arabic and Tramfloc 300 yielded higher algal flocculation than Tramfloc 300 alone. The combination of xanthan gum (anionic) and guar gum (cationic) did not perform at the level of the combined xanthan gum and Tramfloc 222 in either flocculation or flotation of algae. Tramfloc 222 and xanthan gum; however, yielded effective flocculation seemingly resistant to changes in interfering factors such as turbulence, pH, and temperature. Furthermore, the combination of xanthan gum and Tramfloc 222 provided the most effective flotation and flocculation independent of pH effects. The results suggest that anionic polysaccharides can be used to increase the efficacy of cationic coagulants such as Tramfloc 222.
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Cender, Clinton, Catherine Thomas, Benjamin Greeling, Bradley Sartain, Ashley Gonzalez, and Martin Page. Pilot-scale optimization : Research on Algae Flotation Techniques (RAFT). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47722.

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The impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) on US national waterways continue to cause significant economic and environmental damage. Re-searchers at the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center successfully demonstrated the Research on Algae Flotation Techniques (RAFT) project at pilot scale. This study was designed to show that the sur-face concentrations of algal biomass can be effectively increased with near linear scalability utilizing the natural methods by which some algae entrap air within excreted mucilage for flotation. The surface concentration of cyanobacteria measured as phycocyanin pigment increased by six-fold after RAFT flocculation treatment. Further optimization of chemical delivery systems, mixing, and dissolved air exposure will be required before full scale readiness.
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Thomas, Catherine C., Jonathan Broussard, and Victor F. Medina. Chitosan as a Coagulant and Precipitant of Algae Present in Backwater. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44904.

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The purpose of this technical note (TN) is to highlight the current state of knowledge of algal flocculation by chitosan and identify data gaps existing between specific algal characteristics and chitosan binding efficiency. Published relationships and correlations between the quality of backwaters and the prevalence of algae, a baseline for flocculation efficiency of microalgae, and ideal treatment instances for algal removal by way of chitosan flocculation and precipitation will be identified.
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Jahan, Kauser. Algae Derived Biofuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177407.

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Gharagozloo, Patricia E., and Jessica Louise Drewry. Formation of algae growth constitutive relations for improved algae modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1088086.

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Campobasso, Marissa, Musa Ibrahim, Amanda Chisholm, Julia Miazek, and Martin Page. pH pivoting for algae coagulation : bench-scale experimentation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48611.

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Harmful algal blooms (HABs) threaten recreational waters and public supplies across the US, causing detrimental economic and environmental effects to communities. HABs can be mitigated with dissolved air flotation (DAF) treatment, which requires addition of pH-sensitive charged chemicals to neutralize algae, allowing them to attach to microbubbles and float to the surface. During HAB events and photosynthesis, algae raise the pH to levels that are not ideal for DAF. Traditionally, pH is reduced with a strong acid; however, this adds operational cost and permanently adjusts the water’s pH. This study assessed an approach that might allow for infusing CO₂ from diesel-powered electricity generators into the water prior to DAF treatment. It was hypothesized that formation of carbonic acid could temporarily reduce the pH. Results showed that 2.5%–5.0% CO₂ mixed within compressed air can achieve pH levels between 6–7 in algal water with an initial pH of 9–11 and alkalinity of 150 mg/L as CaCO₃. Further, dosing CO₂ before chemical addition yielded a 31% improvement in water clarification. Returning the pH back to natural levels was not achieved using ambient air microbubbles; however, coarse bubble air spargers should be tested to provide more volumetric capacity for CO₂ absorption.
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7

Nath, Pulak. Genetically Engineered Magnetic Algae A Leap toward Affordable Biofuel from Algae. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1078360.

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Lammers, Peter J., Edward Frank, R. T. Sayre, Michael Huesemann, Wiebke Boeing, F. Omar Holguin, Eric Dunlop, Shulin Chen, and Tanner Schaub. Realization of Algae Potential (REAP). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1635363.

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9

Grahovac, P. Algae control for hydrogeneration canals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656879.

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Custer, James. Algae: America's Pathway to Independence. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469390.

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