Academic literature on the topic 'Aleut imprints'

Localization and mass spectrum of bosonic and fermionic matter fields of some novel families of asymmetric thick brane configurations generated by deformed defects are investigated. The localization profiles of spin 0, spin 1/2, and spin 1 bulk fields are identified for novel matter field potentials supported by thick branes with internal structures. The condition for localization is constrained by the brane thickness of each model such that thickest branes strongly induce matter localization. The bulk mass terms for both fermion and boson fields are included in the global action as to produce some imprints on mass-independent potentials of the Kaluza-Klein modes associated with the corresponding Schrödinger equations. In particular, for spin 1/2 fermions, a complete analytical profile of localization is obtained for the four classes of superpotentials here discussed. Regarding the localization of fermion fields, our overall conclusion indicates that thick branes produce aleft-right asymmetric chirallocalization of spin 1/2 particles.

Abstract. A staggered approach to flash flood forecasting is developed within the IMPRINTS project (FP7-ENV-2008-1-226555). Instead of a single solution system, a chain of different models and input data is being proposed that act in sequence and provide decision makers with information of increasing accuracy in localization and magnitude as the events approach. The first system in the chain is developed by adapting methodologies of the European Flood Alert System (EFAS) to forecast flash floods and has the potential to provide early indication for probability of flash floods at the European scale. The last system in the chain is an adaptation of the data based mechanistic model (DBM) to probabilistic numerical weather predictions (NWP) and observed rainfall, with the capability to forecast river levels up to 12 h ahead. The potential of both systems to provide complementary information is illustrated for a flash flood event occurred on 2 November 2008 in the Cévennes region in France. Results show that the uncertainty in meteorological forecasts largely affects the outcomes. However, at an early stage, uncertain results are still valuable to decision makers, as they raise preparedness towards prompt actions to be taken.

The optimal immune response eliminates invading pathogens, restoring immune equilibrium without inflicting undue harm to the host. However, when a cascade of immunological reactions is triggered, the immune response can sometimes go into overdrive, potentially leading to harmful long-term effects or even death. The immune system is triggered mostly by infections, allergens, or medical interventions such as vaccination. This review examines how these immune triggers differ and why certain infections may dysregulate immune homeostasis, leading to inflammatory or allergic pathology and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. However, many vaccines generate an optimal immune response and protect against the consequences of pathogen-induced immunological aggressiveness, and from a small number of unrelated pathogens and autoimmune diseases. Here, we propose an “immuno-wave” model describing a vaccine-induced “Goldilocks immunity”, which leaves fine imprints of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieus, derived from both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system, in the body. The resulting balanced, ‘quiet alert’ state of the immune system may provide a jump-start in the defense against pathogens and any associated pathological inflammatory or allergic responses, allowing vaccines to go above and beyond their call of duty. In closing, we recommend formally investigating and reaping many of the secondary benefits of vaccines with appropriate clinical studies.

Severe droughts have the potential of inducing transient shifts in forest canopy composition by altering species-specific adult tree mortality patterns. However, permanent vegetation change will occur only if tree recruitment patterns are also affected. Here, we analyze how a massive mortality event triggered by the 1998–1999 drought affected adult and sapling mortality and recruitment in a mixed Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Blume – Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Flor. et Boult. forests of northern Patagonia. Comparing drought-induced and tree-fall gaps, we assessed changes in forest composition, microenvironments, and seedling density and survival of both species. Drought-kill disturbance shifted species composition of both canopy and sapling cohorts in favour of A. chilensis. Drought gaps were characterized by a shadier and more xeric environment, affecting the recruitment pattern of N. dombeyi seedlings. The seedling cohort was composed mostly of A. chilensis, and its survival was always higher than that of N. dombeyi. Additionally, A. chilensis seedlings showed higher plasticity than N. dombeyi seedlings, increasing its root to shoot ratios in drought gaps. The results suggest that extreme drought itself is a strong driving force in forest dynamics, with important imprints on forest landscapes. Future climate-change scenarios, projecting an increased in frequency and severity of droughts, alert us about expected long-term compositional shifts in many forest ecosystems.

Figure-ground discrimination refers to the perception of an object, the figure, against a nondescript background. Neural mechanisms of figure-ground detection have been associated with feedback interactions between higher centers and primary visual cortex and have been held to index the effect of global analysis on local feature encoding. Here, in recordings from visual thalamus of alert primates, we demonstrate a robust enhancement of neuronal firing when the figure, as opposed to the ground, component of a motion-defined figure-ground stimulus is located over the receptive field. In this paradigm, visual stimulation of the receptive field and its near environs is identical across both conditions, suggesting the response enhancement reflects higher integrative mechanisms. It thus appears that cortical activity generating the higher-order percept of the figure is simultaneously reentered into the lowest level that is anatomically possible (the thalamus), so that the signature of the evolving representation of the figure is imprinted on the input driving it in an iterative process.

As aerobic organisms, we are continuously and throughout our lifetime subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere and, most often, to environmental threats. The lung is the internal organ most highly exposed to this milieu. Therefore, it has evolved to confront both oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a variety of pollutants, pathogens, and allergens that promote inflammation and can harm the airways to different degrees. Indeed, an excess of ROS, generated intrinsically or from external sources, can imprint direct damage to key structural cell components (nucleic acids, sugars, lipids, and proteins) and indirectly perturb ROS-mediated signaling in lung epithelia, impairing its homeostasis. These early events complemented with efficient recognition of pathogen- or damage-associated recognition patterns by the airway resident cells alert the immune system, which mounts an inflammatory response to remove the hazards, including collateral dead cells and cellular debris, in an attempt to return to homeostatic conditions. Thus, any major or chronic dysregulation of the redox balance, the air–liquid interface, or defects in epithelial proteins impairing mucociliary clearance or other defense systems may lead to airway damage. Here, we review our understanding of the key role of oxidative stress and inflammation in respiratory pathology, and extensively report current and future trends in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatments focusing on the following major acute and chronic lung diseases: acute lung injury/respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis.

Electrochemical biosensors are superior technologies that are used to detect or sense biologically and environmentally significant analytes in a laboratory environment, or even in the form of portable handheld or wearable electronics. Recently, imprinted and implantable biosensors are emerging as point-of-care devices, which monitor the target analytes in a continuous environment and alert the intended users to anomalies. The stability and performance of the developed biosensor depend on the nature and properties of the electrode material or the platform on which the biosensor is constructed. Therefore, the biosensor platform plays an integral role in the effectiveness of the developed biosensor. Enormous effort has been dedicated to the rational design of the electrode material and to fabrication strategies for improving the performance of developed biosensors. Every year, in the search for multifarious electrode materials, thousands of new biosensor platforms are reported. Moreover, in order to construct an effectual biosensor, the researcher should familiarize themself with the sensible strategies behind electrode fabrication. Thus, we intend to shed light on various strategies and methodologies utilized in the design and fabrication of electrochemical biosensors that facilitate sensitive and selective detection of significant analytes. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages of various electrode materials and the correlation between immobilized biomolecules and modified surfaces.

ABSTRACT The central engine in long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is thought to be a compact object produced by the core collapse of massive stars, but its exact nature (black hole or millisecond magnetar) is still debatable. Although the central engine of GRB collapsars is hidden to direct observation, its properties may be imprinted on the accompanying electromagnetic signals. We aim to decipher the generic properties of central engines that are consistent with prompt observations of long GRBs detected by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Adopting a generic model for the central engine, in which the engine power and activity time-scale are independent of each other, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of long GRBs produced by jets that successfully breakout from the star. Our simulations consider the dependence of the jet breakout time-scale on the engine luminosity and the effects of the detector’s flux threshold. The two-dimensional (2D) distribution of simulated detectable bursts in the gamma-ray luminosity versus gamma-ray duration plane is consistent with the observed one for a range of parameter values describing the central engine. The intrinsic 2D distribution of simulated collapsar GRBs peaks at lower gamma-ray luminosities and longer durations than the observed one, a prediction that can be tested in the future with more sensitive detectors. Black hole accretors, whose power and activity time are set by the large-scale magnetic flux through the progenitor star and stellar structure, respectively, are compatible with the properties of the central engine inferred by our model.

A recent special issue of the Classical Receptions Journal marked the twentieth anniversary of the publication of Charles Martindale's Redeeming the Text. Latin Poetry and the Hermeneutics of Reception. Although the rich and various examples of classical reception scholarship that have appeared over the past two decades are by no means all cut from Martindale's cloth, the ‘seminal’ and ‘influential’ nature of his study is surely not in doubt. It is fitting, then, that this issue's round-up of reception publications focuses on a small cluster of recent studies that, like Redeeming the Text, explore the complex reception histories of Latin literature, and do so with a keen eye to the theoretical underpinnings of such scholarship; fitting, too, that our first title, Romans and Romantics, features Charles Martindale among its editors. The eighteen essays in this collection in fact range well beyond literature, with visual culture and the physical fabric of the city of Rome playing an important role; but encounters with Latin texts are a central component of the book, and the overarching theoretical and methodological framework for examining them bears the clear imprint of Martindale's reception manifesto. The introduction emphasizes the importance of remaining alert to the two-way dynamics of reception: not only do the contributors explore the ways in which Romanticism was shaped by antiquity, but they also examine the impact that Romanticism has had on subsequent views of antiquity. Although the idea of reception as a two-way process is often parroted, its implications are not always interrogated and explained so carefully as they are here. Most valuably, Romans and Romantics acknowledges and confronts the overly simple ‘myths’ that attach to our ideas of both the classical and the Romantic, showing how notions of what Romanticism ‘is’ are just as contingent and subject to distortion as those of the classical. So, for example, Timothy Saunders' fascinating chapter on ‘Originality’ successfully challenges the assumption that Romanticism was in some way antithetical or inimical to Roman studies, and that it was responsible for the lasting negative impression of Latin (literary) culture as imitative and inferior. Instead, he argues, ‘Romantic notions of originality’ (85) were more complex than we might assume, and could certainly find space for recognizing and celebrating Rome's creative use of its Greek heritage. Other chapters offer useful studies of the ‘varied, vital, and mutually sustaining’ (v) interactions between Romantics and Romans, including accessible accounts of key authors such as Shelley, Byron, and de Staël. Particularly worthwhile, though, is the final section, ‘Receptions’. By focusing on post-Romantic material, it lays bare our own modern preconceptions of the Romantic movement and encourages contemplation of how receptions of Romanticism are as important as receptions of Rome. Ralph Pite's excellent chapter on Thomas Hardy, for example, shows how this author, and many of his late nineteenth-century contemporaries, might be disappointed by visiting Rome: their expectations of the city, shaped by their own Romantic inheritance, could be undermined by the revelation of the modernized capital of a newly unified Italy, ‘threaten[ing] the post-Romantic traveller's cherished idea of ‘an eternal city frozen in time’’ (328).

AbstractWe examine the role of available information in imprinting processes and investigate how a significant environmental shock can have long‐lasting effects on the future decision‐making of corporate leaders. We argue that information about local infection rates of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 left a pandemic imprint on those who were young adults at that time. The more strongly imprinted corporate leaders would then be more alert to and respond faster to the COVID‐19 outbreak in 2020, a new but similar infectious disease. We study this connection by examining a sample of Chinese publicly traded firms’ initiation of personal protective equipment (PPE) production. We further argue that past informational factors, such as media sentiment regarding the SARS outbreak in 2003, and more recent contemporary informational factors, such as media sentiment about COVID‐19 and online‐reported population mobility from Wuhan, China, where the COVID‐19 outbreak started, influenced the strength of the imprinting effects. Results support our hypotheses, and we discuss contributions to imprinting theory as well as the literature on media in authoritarian regimes.

Steve Veerapen discusses the staging of cross-border relationships in plays such as Shakespeare’s Henry V and Macbeth, Ben Jonson’s Eastward Ho, and Robert Greene’s The Scottish History of James the Fourth. Veerapen therefore confronts the Border on stage before and after the accession of James I. Veerapen deals with arguably the most difficult of borders, the Border between Tudor and Stuart, made more problematic by the fact that Scotland was Stuart throughout the Tudor period, having had a Stuart – or Stewart – monarch since the succession of Robert II in 1371. Veerapen is alert to the ways in which the plays of the 1590s bear the imprint of the Scottish succession just as those of the next decade testify to the significance of regnal union as an issue. He demonstrates that theatrical representations of the Border/Borders often address complexities rather than taking sides in any simple sense, thus making the Anglo-Scottish frontier an ideal stage for dramatic treatment.