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Hussain, Mustafa I., Tera L. Reynolds, and Kai Zheng. "Medication safety alert fatigue may be reduced via interaction design and clinical role tailoring: a systematic review." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 10 (June 17, 2019): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz095.
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Abstract Objective Alert fatigue limits the effectiveness of medication safety alerts, a type of computerized clinical decision support (CDS). Researchers have suggested alternative interactive designs, as well as tailoring alerts to clinical roles. As examples, alerts may be tiered to convey risk, and certain alerts may be sent to pharmacists. We aimed to evaluate which variants elicit less alert fatigue. Materials and Methods We searched for articles published between 2007 and 2017 using the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. We included articles documenting peer-reviewed empirical research that described the interactive design of a CDS system, to which clinical role it was presented, and how often prescribers accepted the resultant advice. Next, we compared the acceptance rates of conventional CDS—presenting prescribers with interruptive modal dialogs (ie, “pop-ups”)—with alternative designs, such as role-tailored alerts. Results Of 1011 articles returned by the search, we included 39. We found different methods for measuring acceptance rates; these produced incomparable results. The most common type of CDS—in which modals interrupted prescribers—was accepted the least often. Tiering by risk, providing shortcuts for common corrections, requiring a reason to override, and tailoring CDS to match the roles of pharmacists and prescribers were the most common alternatives. Only 1 alternative appeared to increase prescriber acceptance: role tailoring. Possible reasons include the importance of etiquette in delivering advice, the cognitive benefits of delegation, and the difficulties of computing “relevance.” Conclusions Alert fatigue may be mitigated by redesigning the interactive behavior of CDS and tailoring CDS to clinical roles. Further research is needed to develop alternative designs, and to standardize measurement methods to enable meta-analyses.
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Dik, V. Y., V. A. Allakhverdyan, A. D. Avrorin, A. V. Avrorin, V. M. Aynutdinov, R. Bannasch, Z. Bardačová, et al. "Follow-up of the IceCube alerts with the Baikal-GVD telescope." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): C11008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/11/c11008.
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Abstract The high-energy muon neutrino events of the IceCube telescope, that are triggered as neutrino alerts in one of two probability ranks of astrophysical origin, “gold” and “bronze”, have been followed up by the Baikal-GVD in a fast quasi-online mode since September 2020. Search for correlations between alerts and GVD events reconstructed in two modes, muon-track and cascades (electromagnetic or hadronic showers), for the time windows ±1 h and ±12 h does not indicate statistically significant excess of the measured events over the expected number of background events. Upper limits on the neutrino fluence will be presented for each alert.
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Tillman, J., and J. H. Barth. "A survey of laboratory 'critical (alert) limits' in the UK." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 40, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/000456303763046148.
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Introduction: Critical or alert limits are the values of laboratory measurements that are regarded as requiring urgent clinical action and should be communicated to a clinician urgently. Despite this, there has been little evaluation of these values in the UK. Methods: We have conducted a survey of hospital biochemistry laboratories in the UK. Results: Ninety-four laboratories responded to the questionnaire; the response rate was not recorded. Twenty-three laboratories had derived their action limits locally from a consensus with their clinicians, experience over many years, and the literature. Only two laboratories quoted literature to support their values. Seven laboratories did not submit actual critical values. There was considerable variance in the values defined as critical by the responding laboratories. Discussion: Each laboratory needs to evaluate its own list of acutely important critical values and aim for a small number of analytes that are always communicated to the doctor, so that clinical needs are met without raising the risk of information overload.
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Ramsey, Jerry D., and Yeong G. Kwon. "Recommended alert limits for perceptual motor loss in hot environments." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 9, no. 3 (May 1992): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(92)90018-u.
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Kane, Elizabeth, Alice Lippitt, Octavio Aragon Cuevas, and Andrea Gill. "P17 Dose range checking (DRC) in paediatric electronic prescribing; an effective tool in reducing prescribing errors?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 107, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): e25.18-e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-nppg.25.
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AimDRC software aims to reduce dosing errors,1 however, it has been linked to ‘alert fatigue’, a phenomenon which causes prescribers to potentially override alerts despite being clinically relevant.2 3 The project aim is to determine the effectiveness of the DRC software implemented into the electronic prescribing software used in a paediatric tertiary hospital.MethodA retrospective clinical audit was undertaken to investigate the DRC alerts produced during July and August 2020. The DRC alert subtypes and the top 10 drugs that produced alerts were described. Alerts generated due to a ‘missing value’ (height, weight, or dose unit) were counted but not analysed further. Dose-based alerts were clinically screened to ascertain whether they were appropriately or inappropriately overridden. This involved considering whether the DRC recommendations differed from BNFc recommendations, local in-house guidance, or deviations occurred due to individual patient idiosyncrasies or specialist prescribing. Data from dose-based alerts was interrogated to determine whether increasing the acceptable dose range limit from 5% to 10% would have significantly reduced the number of alerts fired. Alerts that were inappropriately overridden and resulted in a medication error were categorised by severity using the EQUIP study scoring tool.3Results1778 alerts generated in July and August 2020 were analysed. 48% (n=846) of those alerts were produced due to a ‘missing value’. The DRC software did not recognise whether the alerted drug was recorded at the same dose in the patients’ ‘home medications’ (verified drug history) or whether in-house dose guidance was used. If recognised, the number of alerts would have reduced by 21.4% (n=200). Conversely, increasing the DRC acceptable dose range from 5 to 10% would have reduced the number of alerts only by 4.5% (n=42).Overall, 741 alerts were clinically screened. 95% (n=704) of these were not actioned by prescribers. Of those alerts 5.2% (n=37) should have been acted upon and this led to medication errors. 35% (n=13) of the errors were significant and 22% (n=8) were serious according to the EQUIP study tool. 62.5% (n=5) of serious medication errors involved a ‘Narrow Therapeutic Index’ drug, such as gentamicin and liposomal amphotericin. 38% (n=5) of significant errors related to no prescribed maximum frequency for intravenous ondansetron.ConclusionDRC systems are effective tools for preventing prescribing errors,1 but it is concerning to see that several significant and serious prescribing errors occurred despite an alert generation. This potentially suggests that alert fatigue may counteract the error preventing effects of DRC alerts. Therefore, further refinement of DRC systems is required to reduce alert fatigue. Unfortunately, increasing the acceptable dose range limits from 5 to 10% does not appear to be a simple way of sorting this problem. Removing ‘missing value’ alerts would significantly reduce the number of alerts generated. Including in-house guidelines alongside BNFc dose recommendations into the DRC software would also reduce unnecessary alerts.ReferencesSahota H, Hughes P, Barrass C, et al. Delivering electronic prescribing and medicines administration in challenging areas such as paediatrics and maternity at King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Clinical Medicine Journal [Internet] 2015;15:s5. Available at: https://www.rcpjournals.org/content/clinmedicine/15/Suppl_3/s5Neame M, Moss J, Saez Dominguez J, et al. The impact of paediatric dose range checking software. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy [Internet] 2020. Available at: https://ejhp.bmj.com/content/early/2020/03/31/ejhpharm-2020-002244Dornan T, Ashcroft D, Heathfield H, et al. An in-depth investigation into causes of prescribing errors by foundation trainees in relation to their medical education. EQUIP study final report. December 2009. Available at: https://www.gmc-uk.org/-/media/documents/FINAL_Report_prevalence_and_causes_of_prescribing_errors.pdf_2893 5150.pdf
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EDREI, Tsah, and Shabtai ISAAC. "Construction site safety control with medium-accuracy location data." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 3 (June 22, 2016): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2016.1144644.
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A statistical safety control method is presented that utilizes location data from a relatively inaccurate yet cost-effective system to track workers in real time, and prevent unsafe situations at construction sites. In light of the inaccuracy of the tracking system, buffer areas are defined as statistical zones, at some distance from potential workplace hazards. Statistical alerts are created according to predefined rules when the hazard exposure of workers in those zones crosses a certain threshold. The results of tests of the method demonstrate that the model is able to successfully process the location data in order to compensate for its inaccuracy. This is done without necessitating a significant increase in the areas that are defined as being of high risk, and therefore off-limits for most workers on site. The model can thus ensure the efficiency of the construction work by restricting the size of the areas on site that are off-limits for most workers, while at the same time ensuring the safety of workers. The method can also ensure that alerts will not be ignored by using statistical rules to avoid an excessive number of alerts, and by discerning who should be the client of an alert.
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Springer, Simon. "The limits to Marx." Dialogues in Human Geography 7, no. 3 (November 2017): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820617732918.
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Responding to David Harvey’s critique of my article, ‘Why a Radical Geography Must Be Anarchist’, I reiterate the importance of anarchist perspectives in contemporary politics and geographical praxis. In challenging Harvey on the limits to Marx, I urge him to think again about the hidden vanguardism, implied statism, and veiled hierarchy that continue to lurk within the Marxist project, and importantly how these specters constrain both our collective political imagination and the possibilities of radical geography. I am admittedly very critical of Harvey, but I nonetheless refuse to close the door on dialogue between the Black and Red, even in the face of ongoing Marxist ridicule of anarchist politics. Accordingly, I propose an agonistic embrace of a ‘postfraternal’ or ‘postsororal’ politics on the left, where we come to appreciate ongoing conflict as a sign of a healthy leftist milieu. In doing so, we can move beyond the misguided idea that all disagreements over strategies, tactics, and organizing methods will ever be resolved. Ultimately, what I have dubbed ‘the condition of postfraternity’ keeps us alert to the continually unfolding possibilities of a thoroughly politicized and forever protean space. By embracing this shifting horizon, not as a static limit to our politics but as a beautiful enabler of visionary possibilities, the rhizomes of emancipation grow stronger.
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Dikenstein, Violeta. "Vecinos en alerta: un rol difícil de institucionalizar. Estudio en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires." URVIO. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, no. 24 (May 10, 2019): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/urvio.24.2019.3790.
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En este artículo nos proponemos analizar la actividad de un conjunto de actores, residentes de un barrio del sur de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, que hacen de la inseguridad su ámbito de intervención, de ejercicio y de “trabajo”, a quienes denominamos –provisoriamente– vecinos en alerta. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa basada en la realización de entrevistas en profundidad con los actores implicados en el proceso estudiado y observación participante en los múltiples escenarios por donde circulan, reconstruimos los perfiles de los vecinos en alerta, el repertorio de actividades que llevan adelante, las relaciones que establecen entre sí y con otros actores, los lazos de coordinación y conflicto que entablan en este transcurso, así como las situaciones de interacción en las que este rol entra en juego. Hallamos que hay un repertorio compartido de actividades que desempeñan estos actores, variado dentro de ciertos límites. También, que el rol de vecino en alerta está sujeto a una constante negociación y redefinición, en las instancias de encuentro con diversas autoridades institucionales encargadas de la seguridad.
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In this article we propose to analyze the activity of a group of people, residents of a neighborhood in the south of the city of Buenos Aires, who make insecurity their area of intervention, exercise and "work", whom we call alert neighbors. From a qualitative perspective based on in-depth interviews with those involved in the process studied, and participatory observation in the scenarios where they circulate, we describe the profiles of the alert neighbors, the repertoire of activities that they carry out, the relationships they establish among themselves and with other actors, the bonds of coordination and conflict that they establish in this course, as well as the situations of interaction in which this role comes into play. We find that there is a shared repertoire of activities performed by these actors, varied within certain limits. Also, that the role of alert neighbor is subject to constant negotiation and redefinition, in the instances of meeting with various institutional authorities in charge of security.
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Kavitha, A., N. Ashok Kumar, and M. Revathy. "Automatic Identification of Maritime Boundary Alert System using GPS." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.1 (August 4, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.1.16788.
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Global Positioning System (GPS) is being used more and more for a wide range of applications. This is a reliable position, navigation for end-users of anywhere in the world or around the globe, on any weather, day or night. The synchronization benefit gives that the GPS has three segments: space, control and client GPS has turned into a broadly utilized route apparatus over the world and turn into a helpful instrument for mapping, overviews, business, logical utilizations, checking and diversion has gone. As in any of the current GPS systems of geographic and entertainment, the security requirements of civilian navigation in the sea are met because the sea border of a country cannot be marked. This work concentrates on the flexibility and utility of a GPS in the ocean. The principle motivation behind the work is to help anglers explore past the limits of different nations. In the event that an angler goes past the limits of the nation, at that point a notice emerges, showing that the anglers have crossed the outskirt. Furthermore, a GSM transmitter interface will make an impression on construct station situated with respect to the shore showing that a vessel has crossed the fringe. Hence protects in the shore can help and give extra help to those anglers if necessary. Remembering about existences of Indian anglers, this gadget has been made to help them not to move past Indian. Overall, it is an endeavor to fabricate an appropriate gadget for the anglers at a sensibly ease.
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Yang, H., W. Zhao, T. O'day, and W. Fleming. "Environmental Monitoring: Setting Alert and Action Limits Based on a Zero-Inflated Model." PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2013.00897.
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Castro-Castro, María José, Dolors Dot-Bach, Beatriz Candás-Estébanez, Ruth Cano-Corres, and Xavier Fuentes-Arderiu. "Estimation of alert and change limits and its application in the plausibility control." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 16, no. 12 (October 30, 2011): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-011-0837-3.
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Campbell, Craig A., Andrew Georgiou, Johanna I. Westbrook, and Andrea R. Horvath. "What Alert Thresholds Should Be Used to Identify Critical Risk Results: A Systematic Review of the Evidence." Clinical Chemistry 62, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 1445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2016.260638.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Pathology laboratories are required to immediately report results which indicate a patient is at critical risk, but there is little consensus about what values are deemed critical. The aim of this review was to systematically review the literature on alert thresholds for common chemistry and hematology tests in adults and to provide an explicit and ranked source of this evidence. METHODS The literature search covered the period of 1995–2014. Evidence sources were critically appraised and ranked using the 1999 Stockholm hierarchy for analytical performance specifications in laboratory medicine modified for establishing decision limits. RESULTS The 30 most frequently reported laboratory tests with alert thresholds are presented with evidence rankings. Similar thresholds were reported in North America, Europe and Asia. Seventy percent of papers reported thresholds set by individual institutions, while 18% contained thresholds from surveys of laboratories or clinicians. Forty-six percent of the papers referred to 1 or both of the 2 American laboratory surveys from the early 1990s. “Starter sets” of alert thresholds were recommended by 6 professional bodies, 3 of which were collaborations between pathologists and clinicians. None of the 9 outcome studies identified dealt with confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Recommendations by professional bodies based on outdated surveys of the former state of the art or consensus are currently the best sources of evidence for laboratories to build their alert list. Well-designed outcome studies and greater collaboration between clinicians and the laboratory are needed to identify the most appropriate alert thresholds that signify actionable, critical or significant risk to patient well-being.
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Graham, Kelly Creighton, and Maria Cvach. "Monitor Alarm Fatigue: Standardizing Use of Physiological Monitors and Decreasing Nuisance Alarms." American Journal of Critical Care 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2010651.
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Background Reliance on physiological monitors to continuously “watch” patients and to alert the nurse when a serious rhythm problem occurs is standard practice on monitored units. Alarms are intended to alert clinicians to deviations from a predetermined “normal” status. However, alarm fatigue may occur when the sheer number of monitor alarms overwhelms clinicians, possibly leading to alarms being disabled, silenced, or ignored. Purpose Excessive numbers of monitor alarms and fear that nurses have become desensitized to these alarms was the impetus for a unit-based quality improvement project. Methods Small tests of change to improve alarm management were conducted on a medical progressive care unit. The types and frequency of monitor alarms in the unit were assessed. Nurses were trained to individualize patients’ alarm parameter limits and levels. Monitor software was modified to promote audibility of critical alarms. Results Critical monitor alarms were reduced 43% from baseline data. The reduction of alarms could be attributed to adjustment of monitor alarm defaults, careful assessment and customization of monitor alarm parameter limits and levels, and implementation of an interdisciplinary monitor policy. Discussion Although alarms are important and sometimes life-saving, they can compromise patients’ safety if ignored. This unit-based quality improvement initiative was beneficial as a starting point for revamping alarm management throughout the institution.
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Popović, Zdenka, Luka Lazarević, Ljiljana Brajović, Milica Mićić, and Nikola Mirković. "Improvement recommendations for railway infrastructure maintenance." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015701001.
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Based on the railway network performance, Infrastructure Manager is obligated to define the Maintenance plan for railway infrastructure, which contains corresponding values for intervention limits and alert limits. This paper considers vehicle response to track excitation due to the rail defect (code 2202 according to defect classification). It is indicated that theoretical models and acceleration measurements could be used to assess the quality of track geometry and ride comfort. The importance of early detection of irregularities of superstructure and substructure was emphasized. Moreover, the importance of inspection and preventive maintenance on the modern railway infrastructure was considered. According to the previous, the authors recommend non-destructive methods for inspection and early detection of irregularities of railway infrastructure.
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Novick, Steven J., Wei Zhao, and Harry Yang. "Setting Alert and Action Limits in the Presence of Significant Amount of Censoring in Data." PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 71, no. 1 (August 11, 2016): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2016.006684.
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Tarasick, D. W., and J. W. Bottenheim. "Surface ozone depletion episodes in the Arctic and Antarctic from historical ozonesonde records." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2, no. 3 (August 8, 2002): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-2-197-2002.
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Abstract. Episodes of ozone depletion in the lowermost Arctic atmosphere (0--2 km) at polar sunrise have been intensively studied at Alert, Canada, and are thought to result from catalytic reactions involving bromine. Recent observations of high concentrations of tropospheric BrO over large areas of the Arctic and Antarctic suggest that such depletion events should also be seen by ozonesondes at other polar stations. An examination of historical ozonesonde records shows that such events occur frequently at Alert, Eureka and Resolute, but much less frequently at Churchill and at other stations. The differences appear to be related to differences in average springtime surface temperatures. The long record at Resolute shows depletions since 1966, but with an increase in their frequency over the period 1966--2000 of 0.66 ± 0.59% per year (95% confidence limits), explaining the apparent increase of Hg in Arctic biota in recent times.
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Kuate Fotso, Jean-Marie, Bénite Isaoura, Guy Phares Fotso Fotso, and Pélagie Flore Temgoua Nanfack. "MONITORING AND PREVENTION OF URBAN FIRE BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AND NodeMCU." International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review 03, no. 05 (2022): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52267/ijaser.2022.3505.
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Cloud computing has made it easier to access various forms of data and services through the Internet. coupling it to sensor networks makes it possible to significantly overcome the storage and computing performance limits of heterogeneous objects in the Internet of Things (IoT). In Cameroon, IoT is not yet very widespread. We use it here to monitor and prevent urban fires in real time, using a set of temperature, humidity, gas, flame and electrical power sensors that are integrated on NodeMCU, in view to detect fire starts and generate an alert. The data collected is stored and processed on Thing Speak; a second analysis is carried out locally. After calibrating the sensors, we analyzed the data and carried out a correlation test to identify the most sensitive data for the alert system. The correlation coefficient of -0.721015 between temperature and humidity allowed us to maintain the system based on data quality.
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Rayo, Michael, Phil Smith, Matthew B. Weinger, and Jason Slagle. "Assessing Medication Safety Technology in the Intensive Care Unit." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 11 (October 2007): 692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101119.
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Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of a technology in the context of the distributed system in which it is working is critical to assessing and improving the performance of that system. Taking a systems approach requires knowledge about how all agents in a system work together to achieve the goals of that system. With these aims, the alerting mechanism of infusion pumps containing Dose-Error Reduction Software (DERS) was studied to determine its effectiveness in the Intensive Care Units (ICU's) of three hospitals. In 1,146 of the 9,557 pump alerts (12.0%), the alert caused the clinician to change the input. Of these, 1,030 were changed to within the hospital's recommended dosing limits. The alert was overridden for 8,400 (88.0%) of the alerts. The data show that this technology successfully informed clinicians over 1000 times that unintended doses had been inputted and stopped those doses from reaching the patient, thereby averting potential Medication Events. The data also suggest that, because nearly 90% of the alerts were overridden, a well-intended and valuable alert may be perceived by the clinicians as a false alarm and may be overlooked. Another key finding from this analysis was that clinicians may have used potentially unsafe workarounds to administer intravenous drug boluses (i.e., more rapid infusion of a defined dose or volume) and to keep the patient's line active between infusions. In a separate parallel study, clinician self-report of potentially harmful medication events was studied. During 559 hours of direct observation, clinicians detected 27 (IV and non-IV) medication events. All of the reported events were outside of the scope of what DERS technology was designed to detect. In addition, during the same time period the technology detected five potentially harmful IV medication events that the clinicians did not report. The results of these two studies indicate two possible classes of solutions that could reduce the impact and likelihood of medication administration errors. One class of solutions involves the procedures and policies of the hospital, ensuring that process and technology implementations are optimally tuned, taking human performance and the current practice of the clinicians into account. The other class of solutions involves using new strategies and technologies to ensure that each system agent has access to other agents' perspectives, and the broader system's perspective. Studies such as these can provide insight into the use of safety technology during critical care processes and provide direction for future research, including more effective design of alerting mechanisms of ICU devices.
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Rabuffetti, D., and S. Barbero. "Operational hydro-meteorological warning and real-time flood forecasting: the Piemonte Region case study." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 4 (October 7, 2005): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-9-457-2005.
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Abstract. The development and implementation of a real-time flood forecasting system in the context of the Piemonte Region's hydro-meteorological operational alert procedure is described. The area of interest is the Upper Po River basin (north-west Italy) of approximately 37000 km2 and its river network of about 3000 km and three big lakes. FloodWatch, a GIS-based decision support system for real-time flood forecasting, has been developed and used operationally at the Piemonte Region's Room for the Situation of Natural Hazards in Torino, Italy, since January 2000. The system is linked directly to the telemetric gauges system, uses daily quantitative precipitation and temperature forecasts issued by the Regional Meteorological Service and automatically supplies operational forecasts of water-level and discharge at about 30 locations for up to 48 hours. Strengths and limits of the system and its link with operational flood alert and management are discussed. The case study presented is the October 2000 flood event, when the north-west of Italy experienced one of the largest floods on record. Results highlight how the uncertainty linked to the use of meteorological forecasts greatly influences the quality of the hydrological forecasts. The proposed alert procedure, based on coded risk levels, can help effectively in facing forecast uncertainties.
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Verma, Anil, Divya Anand, Aman Singh, Rishika Vij, Abdullah Alharbi, Majid Alshammari, and Arturo Ortega Mansilla. "IoT-Inspired Reliable Irregularity-Detection Framework for Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0." Electronics 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091436.
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Education 4.0 imitates Industry 4.0 in many aspects such as technology, customs, challenges, and benefits. The remarkable advancement in embryonic technologies, including IoT (Internet of Things), Fog Computing, Cloud Computing, and Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR), polishes every dimension of Industry 4.0. The constructive impacts of Industry 4.0 are also replicated in Education 4.0. Real-time assessment, irregularity detection, and alert generation are some of the leading necessities of Education 4.0. Conspicuously, this study proposes a reliable assessment, irregularity detection, and alert generation framework for Education 4.0. The proposed framework correspondingly addresses the comparable issues of Industry 4.0. The proposed study (1) recommends the use of IoT, Fog, and Cloud Computing, i.e., IFC technological integration for the implementation of Education 4.0. Subsequently, (2) the Symbolic Aggregation Approximation (SAX), Kalman Filter, and Learning Bayesian Network (LBN) are deployed for data pre-processing and classification. Further, (3) the assessment, irregularity detection, and alert generation are accomplished over SoTL (the set of threshold limits) and the Multi-Layered Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory (M-Bi-LSTM)-based predictive model. To substantiate the proposed framework, experimental simulations are implemented. The experimental outcomes substantiate the better performance of the proposed framework, in contrast to the other contemporary technologies deployed for the enactment of Education 4.0.
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Neaderland, Benjamin, and Jared Cohen. "Parties push to enforce statutory time limits on SEC enforcement actions." Journal of Investment Compliance 16, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-06-2015-0036.
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Purpose – To alert companies and individuals subject to regulation and investigation by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of potential arguments to enforce time limits on enforcement actions that have heretofore commonly been ignored. Design/methodology/approach – Analyzes two cases - one recently decided and one pending - in US Courts of Appeals, explains significance of issues at stake. Findings – The Courts of Appeals for District of Columbia Circuit has recently reviewed, and the Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit will soon decide whether statutory timing provisions effectively remove SEC power to bring enforcement actions past their deadlines, at least in some circumstances. Practical implications – Depending on the outcomes of the cases, companies and individuals may gain a new procedural defense or two against SEC enforcement actions. They may also expect the SEC to respond by more actively seeking tolling agreements, and/or being more cautious in issuing Wells notices. Originality/value – Guidance based on pending decisions interpreting US securities law, may bring regulatory adjustments to agency practice and procedure.
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Harrison, Lynda, Michael L. Berbaum, John T. Stem, and Katherine Peters. "Use of Individualized Versus Standard Criteria to Identify Abnormal Levels of Heart Rate or Oxygen Saturation in Preterm Infants." Journal of Nursing Measurement 9, no. 2 (September 2001): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.9.2.181.
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Preterm infants’ physiological indicators, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation levels, are routinely monitored by devices that can alert nurses to threatening changes in condition. Most Neonatal Intensive Care Units use standard criteria as alerting algorithms to determine when an alert should be issued, and these standard criteria have been adopted uncritically in studies of preterm infants. This article presents results from a study examining preterm infants’ physiological responses to a gentle human touch (GHT) intervention in which we compared the use of standard and individualized criteria to define the percentages of abnormally low and high heart rates (HRs) and abnormally low oxygen saturation (O2 sat) levels before, during, and after periods of GHT. Results indicated that there were no differences in the percentages of abnormal HRs or O2 sat values between periods using standard criteria. However, using individualized criteria, there were significantly greater percentages of abnormally low heart rates and O2 sat levels during and after GHT periods as compared to baseline periods. The findings suggest that standard criteria may not be sensitive enough to detect subtle physiological responses to environmental stimuli such as touch. Moreover, consistent with the recognition of the value of individualized developmental care, these results suggest that the clinical effectiveness of individualized criteria for setting monitor alert limits merits further investigation.
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Koumidis, Konstandinos, Panayiotis Kolios, Christos Panayiotou, and Georgios Ellinas. "Proximity-Based Alert Forwarding Under Varying Mobility Levels in Adhoc Networks." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2016100104.
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Mobile ad-hoc networking is considered as one of the key technologies to support communication when different emergencies or disasters strike. Unfortunately, the majority of existing ad-hoc networking solutions are based on proprietary hardware and software which severely limits their use by only those competent authorities that are well trained and properly equipped. As a consequence, patients/victims and bystanders are deprived from access to this communication means. This work details a novel ad-hoc networking solution that is purposefully designed to operate on consumer electronics such as smartphones, tablets and laptops that support the WiFi-Direct standard. The networking solution proposed is shown to be both highly scalable, robust and energy efficient due to the distributed and purely local operation of all its functionalities. The proposed solution has been implemented and tested on Android devices with several multimedia services provided in the form of a mobile app. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed solution under varying degrees of mobility associated with alternative emergency situations.
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Labib, Ramadhan Adil. "RELIABILITY OF EC 155 B1 AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS USING UPPER CONTROL LIMIT (ALERT LEVEL) FORMULATION." Vortex 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/vortex.v1i2.904.
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To provide a reliability and service from PT. Indonesia Air Transport & Infrastructure, operators have to make sure the condition of all the systems and the components of EC 155 B1 is serviceable. However, there is still a bunch of unusual repetitive defect that recorded and mostly it came from the most critical system that can occur an incident at any time. In this study discussed on EC 155 B1’s component Reliability Analysis Method Using Reliability Control Program (RCP), Reliability Control Program is the reliability of aircraft system by determining which component that has to be concern by define the Upper Control Limits (Alert Value). From the calculation of RCP, ATA Chapter 62 Main Rotor is the most defected.
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Maksymyuk, Hanna, Oksana Yastremska, Andriy Kost, and Natalija Boykiv. "Critical results in medical laboratory. management and communication." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Medicine", no. 43 (December 1, 2021): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2313-6693-2021-43-13.
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The medical community is gaining increased attention to streamlining a clear mechanism for reporting critical test results in the clinic. DSTU ISO 15189: 2015 requires laboratories to report critical test results to clinitians within a specified period of time. Moreover, they should have a clearly established procedure in place. In order to standardize processes and avoid misunderstandings between stakeholders, international organizations (RCPA, AACB, CLSI) have developed terminology, communication algorithm and requirements for data documentation. In order to harmonize this part, a lot of surveys have been conducted as to which analytes should be included in the notification sheet and, in particular, the limits of their values for hematological, hemostasiological and biochemical studies. According to ICSH recommendations, critical risk results include hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) / international normalization ratio (INR) and fibrinogen. The laboratories include different biochemical tests in the alert list. The most common analytes are glucose, potassium, sodium and calcium. It should be noted that this alert list is only recommended for clinical laboratories, such as the number of indicators and alert threshold of analytes should be agreed with the clinicians of a particular medical institution, taking into account their experience and local patient population. The developed recommendations will allow to react as quickly as possible to situations that may threaten patient’s life, provide qualified medical care in a timely manner and adjust work processes in accordance with the requirements of international standards.
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Becerra, R. L., S. Dichiara, A. M. Watson, E. Troja, N. R. Butler, M. Pereyra, E. Moreno Méndez, et al. "DDOTI observations of gravitational-wave sources discovered in O3." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 507, no. 1 (July 21, 2021): 1401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2086.
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ABSTRACT We present optical follow-up observations with the Deca-Degree Optical Transient Imager (DDOTI) telescope of gravitational-wave (GW) events detected during the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo O3 observing run. DDOTI is capable of responding to an alert in a few minutes, has an instantaneous field of about 69 deg2, and obtains 10σ upper limits of wlim = 18.5–20.5 AB mag in 1000 s of exposure, depending on the conditions. We observed 54 per cent (26 out of 48) of the unretracted GW alerts and did not find any electromagnetic counterparts. We compare our upper limits to various possible counterparts: the kilonova AT 2017gfo, models of radioactive- and magnetar-powered kilonovae, short gamma-ray burst afterglows, and active galactic nucleus (AGN) flares. Although the large positional uncertainties of GW sources do not allow us to place strong constraints during O3, DDOTI observations of well-localized GW events in O4 and beyond could meaningfully constrain models of compact binary mergers. We show that DDOTI is able to detect kilonovae similar to AT 2017gfo up to about 200 Mpc and magnetar-powered kilonovae up to 1 Gpc. We calculate that nearby (≲200 Mpc) afterglows have a high chance (≈70 per cent) to be detected by rapid (≲3 h) DDOTI observations if observed on-axis, whereas off-axis afterglows are unlikely to be seen. Finally, we suggest that long-term monitoring of massive BBH events with DDOTI could confirm or rule out late AGN flares associated with these events.
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Khushairy Makhtar, Ahmad, Ahmed Khameini, and . "A Study on the Effect of Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) by Using Human Speech and the Acceptance." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.27 (November 30, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.27.22497.
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Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) is an in-vehicle system that support drivers compliance with the speed limit. ISA is in fact a collective term for various different systems. Today, speeding was listed as the major cause of road accidents and traffic fatalities worldwide. By having a reliable and acceptable system that could alert the drivers about the speed limit in any particular areas, it will help in reducing the number of road accidents worldwide. This study was conducted to develop a system of Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) by using GPS that would alert the bus drivers in UiTM Shah Alam about speed limits in any particular areas and it must be reliable and acceptable. This research is to determine the factors of acceptance from the drivers towards the ISA system. The system developed was an advisory system. Hence, the way this system give warning about the speed limit to the driver is an important criterion to be taken care of. The output parameter of for this study is the driver’s acceptance towards this ISA system and they must be happy to have this system inside their vehicles.
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Yao, Leehter, Teng Shih Tsai, and Rong Chi Chang. "Identification of High Risk Feature Regions for Transmission Towers." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 4104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.4104.
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Torrential rainfall or continuous rainfall for a certain period of time may wash out the foundation of transmission towers and cause tilt or collapse of towers. Special attentions are required for the towers locating at the feature regions such as high risk landslides, mediocre risk landslides, mudslides, dip slopes, and fault zones. The towers locating inside or in the neighborhood of these features regions in Geographic Information System are identified and given different alert limits of precipitation. Accuracy and computational speed are both put into consideration in the design of the proposed approach because vast amount of transmission towers is required to process at a time.
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Illuminati, Giulia. "The Search for Neutrinos from TXS 0506+056 with the ANTARES Telescope." EPJ Web of Conferences 207 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920702004.
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A high-energy neutrino, IC170922A, detected by the IceCube experiment was found to be positionally coincident with the direction of a known blazar, TXS 0506+056, observed in γ-rays and at other wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we present the results of three different searches for neutrino candidates, associated either with the IC170922A event or with the TXS 0506+056 blazar, performed by the ANTARES Collaboration. The three searches, an online follow-up of the IceCube alert, a standard time-integrated point-source analysis and a time-dependent search, yielded no significant observation. Consequently, 90% C.L. upper limits on the one-flavour neutrino flux and fluence have been derived.
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ZARYAEVA, NATAL’YA P., and INNA L. OLIYNYK. "Restriction of the Freedom of Movement under a High-Alert Regime." Penitentiary science 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2021-15-2-418-427.
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Introduction: the article considers the high-alert regime and the associated restrictive measures related to the freedom of movement and introduced in connection with the threat of the spread of COVID-19. Aim: with the help of theoretical and legal analysis, we investigate the nature of the high-alert regime and the set of anti-epidemic measures implemented to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic; we also analyze the constitutionality and validity of restrictions on the right of an individual to freedom of movement and the proportionality of the restrictive measures imposed (quarantine, complete lockdown) in relation to the elderly, a particularly vulnerable population group. Methods: dialectical method, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic, comparative legal method, system-structural method, method of interpretation of legal norms, and others. Results: the research allows us to say that the set of terms related to the high-alert regime is not clearly defined from the legal perspective; moreover, there is no legally bounding limit to its operation (the period of its being in effect) and a mechanism for its direct implementation. We argue that the restriction of the freedom of movement for persons aged 65 and older is disproportionate in the context of their health protection interests. The article defines the following guarantees of restricting the exercise of the individual’s right to freedom of movement: the legality and validity of temporary administrative and legal measures, the balance between private interests (preserving the protection of the legal status) and public interests (preventing the spread of the infection), specifics of the epidemiological situation, a set of timely measures aimed at providing particularly vulnerable categories of citizens with everything vital. Conclusions: we propose to interpret the restriction of the exercise of an individual’s rights under a high-alert regime as a legally justified state intervention (through the adoption of proportionate restrictive measures) in the sphere of an individual’s private autonomy in order to protect national security, public order, human life and health. We consider it necessary that legislation should specify the provisions defining the range of circumstances when a high-alert regime is to be introduced, the limits, boundaries and scope of additional powers of special actors, and the scope of possible discretion; the means to ensure this administrative and legal regime; the list of rights and freedoms subject to restriction when it is established, as well as the mechanism for their protection. Keywords: Citizens’ rights and freedoms; freedom of movement; COVID-19 pandemic; high alert regime; restrictive measures; proportionality; elderly citizens (persons aged 65 and older)
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Omogunloye, O. Y., A. T. Adepoju, and P. Kururimam. "Assessment of Radiation Risk from Background Radiation Exposures in Selected Hospitals within Makurdi Metropolis, North-Central, Nigeria." European Journal of Applied Physics 3, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejphysics.2021.3.4.91.
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In this study, a radiation alert meter was used to measure background ionizing radiation levels in four hospitals in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, North Central, Nigeria. This aimed to determine the radiological health implications of the measured background ionizing radiation study area's populace. The background ionizing radiation exposure rate (indoor and outdoor) measured ranged from 0.0014 to 0.0019 mRhr-1 with average value 0.0017 mRhr-1, 0.0015 to 0.0024 mRhr-1 with average value 0.0019 mRhr-1, 0.0013 to 0.0025 mRhr-1 with average value 0.0018 mRhr-1 and 0.0012 to 0.0024 mRhr-1 with average value 0.0018 mRhr-1 for the selected hospitals A, B, C and D, respectively. The study showed that the mean equivalent dose rate levels are within the international commission on radiological protection's standard permissible limits. The mean annual effective dose equivalent (indoor and outdoor) for all the selected hospitals is within the recommended permissible limits of 1.00 mSvy-1 for the general public. In the selected hospitals A, B, C, and D, the estimated Dorgan values for the lungs, ovaries, bone marrow, testes, kidney, liver, and whole-body due to radiation exposure and inhalation are below tolerable international limits of 1.0 mSv yearly. Hence the selected hospitals are radiologically safe.
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Croft, B., R. V. Martin, W. R. Leaitch, P. Tunved, T. J. Breider, S. D. D'Andrea, and J. R. Pierce. "Processes controlling the seasonal cycle of Arctic aerosol number and size distributions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 20 (October 27, 2015): 29079–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-29079-2015.
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Abstract. Measurements at high-Arctic sites show a strong seasonal cycle in aerosol number and size. The number of aerosols with diameters larger than 20 nm exhibits a maximum in late spring associated with a dominant accumulation mode (0.1 to 1 μm in diameter), and a second maximum in the summer associated with a dominant Aitken mode (10 to 100 nm in diameter). Seasonal-mean aerosol effective diameter ranges from about 180 nm in summer to 260 nm in winter. This study interprets these seasonal cycles with the GEOS-Chem-TOMAS global aerosol microphysics model. We find improved agreement with in-situ measurements of aerosol size at both Alert, Nunavut, and Mt. Zeppelin, Svalbard following model developments that: (1) increase the efficiency of wet scavenging in the Arctic summer and (2) represent coagulation between interstitial aerosols and aerosols activated to form cloud droplets. Our simulations indicate that the dominant summertime Aitken mode is associated with increased efficiency of wet removal, which limits the number of larger aerosols and promotes local new-particle formation. We also find an important role of interstitial coagulation in clouds in the Arctic, which limits the number of Aitken-mode aerosols in the non-summer seasons when direct wet removal of these aerosols is inefficient. Total aerosol number reaches a minimum in October at both Alert and Mt. Zeppelin. Our simulations indicate that this October minimum can be explained by diminishing local new-particle formation, limited transport of pollution from lower latitudes, and efficient wet removal. We recommend that the key processes of aerosol wet removal, interstitial coagulation and new-particle formation be carefully considered in size-resolved aerosol simulations of the Arctic. Uncertainties about these processes, which strongly control the seasonal cycle of aerosol number and size, limit confidence in estimates of aerosol radiative effects on the Arctic climate.
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Fiche, A., C. Hardy, and B. Mora. "TOWARDS A TREE COVER CHANGE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM BASED ON SENTINEL-1 DATA AND A NEURAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2022 (May 30, 2022): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2022-603-2022.
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Abstract. This study aimed at exploring the potential of neural networks composed of convolutional and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layers to handle dense Sentinel-1 data time series to develop a tree cover loss Early Warning System (EWS). The study area was in the Madre de Dios region in Peru that hosts a humid tropical forest. The second objective of this study was to investigate the potential of large free open-source datasets such as those from the GLAD and Geobosques alerts to calibrate and validate the models. The study demonstrated the capacity of the tested NN models to improve the detection of tree cover loss compared to a classical random forest algorithm thanks to their capacity to handle explicitly both spatial and temporal data. The accuracies of the best model compare reasonably well with those from similar studies. However, the observed overestimation of the Cover-loss class in the output map can be mainly linked to the quality of the alert datasets used as input data. Avenues to overcome the identified limits of this preliminary study are presented. This work provides a solid knowledge basis on the potential of a NN-based EWS and opens potential avenues for further improvements.
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Visciano, Pierina, Maria Schirone, and Antonello Paparella. "An Overview of Histamine and Other Biogenic Amines in Fish and Fish Products." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121795.
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The occurrence of biogenic amines in fish is directly associated with microorganisms with decarboxylase activity. These compounds are generally detoxified by oxidases in the intestinal tract of humans, but some conditions, such as alcohol consumption, enzyme deficiency, or monoamino-oxidase antidepressant use, can make their intake by food dangerous. Due to its toxicity, histamine is the unique biogenic amine with regulatory limits for fishery products. This review focuses on biogenic amines in fish, with a detailed picture of the number of alert notifications or intoxication events reported in the last years. The favoring conditions for their formation, as well as the main preventive and control measures to ensure public health, are also reviewed.
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Cole, A. S., A. Steffen, K. Aspmo Pfaffhuber, T. Berg, M. Pilote, L. Poissant, R. Tordon, and H. Hung. "Ten-year trends of atmospheric mercury in the high Arctic compared to Canadian sub-Arctic and mid-latitude sites." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 8 (August 13, 2012): 20209–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-20209-2012.
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Abstract. Global emissions of mercury continue to change at the same time as the Arctic is experiencing ongoing climatic changes. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric mercury provides important information about long-term trends in the balance between transport, chemistry, and deposition of this pollutant in the Arctic atmosphere. Ten-year records of total gaseous mercury (TGM) were analyzed from two high Arctic sites at Alert (Nunavut, Canada) and Zeppelin Station (Svalbard, Norway); one sub-Arctic site at Kuujjuarapik (Nunavik, Québec, Canada); and three temperate Canadian sites at St. Anicet (Québec), Kejimkujik (Nova Scotia) and Egbert (Ontario). Five of the six sites examined show a decreasing trend over this time period. Overall trend estimates at high latitude sites were: −0.9% yr−1 (95% confidence limits: −1.4, 0) at Alert and no trend (−0.5, +0.7) at Zeppelin Station. Faster decreases were observed at the remainder of the sites: −2.1% yr−1 (−3.1, −1.1) at Kuujjuarapik, −1.9% yr−1 (−2.1, −1.8) at St. Anicet, −1.6% yr−1 (−2.4, −1.0) at Kejimkujik and −2.2% yr−1 (−2.8, −1.7) at Egbert. Trends at the sub-Arctic and mid-latitude sites agree with reported decreases in background TGM concentration since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland, and Cape Point, South Africa, but conflict with estimates showing an increase in global anthropogenic emissions over a similar period. Trends in TGM at the two high Arctic sites were not only less negative (or neutral) overall but much more variable by season. Possible reasons for differences in seasonal and overall trends at the Arctic sites compared to those at lower latitudes are discussed, as well as implications for the Arctic mercury cycle. The first calculations of multi-year trends in reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and total particulate mercury (TPM) at Alert were also performed, indicating increases from 2002 to 2009 in both RGM and TPM in the spring when concentrations are highest.
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Cazacu, Bogdan Constantin, Nicolae Buzgar, and Ovidiu Gabriel Iancu. "Geochemical and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Forest Soils Adjacent to the Tinovul Mare Poiana Stampei Peat Bog." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.2.6122.
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Tinovul Mare Poiana Stampei is situated in the northern group of the Oriental Carpathians within the Dornelor Depression, one of the richest peat areas in Romania. In this study we have performed analyses of certain heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As and Cd) found in the forest soils adjacent to the Tinovul Mare Poiana Stampei peat bog. The analyses performed through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry indicated the following variation limits (mg/kg): Cr: 20-66; Co: 8-29; Ni: 16-78; Cu: 16-42; Zn: 36-199; Pb: 21-229; As: 5.5-36 and Cd: 0.01-1.4. The outcomes of the present study indicate high concentrations for certain (Ni, Pb and As). These concentrations exceed the alert threshold established by the Romanian Law, according to Order no. 756 of November, 3rd 1997.
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Candido, Antonio Leandro Martins, Sandro César Silveira Jucá, Renata Imaculada Soares Pereira, Paulo Marvin de Brito Lima, and Solonildo Almeida Da Silva. "Low cost Device for Online Monitoring of Noise in Libraries using Internet of Things." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss8.1127.
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The present paper describes the development and practical application of an embedded system that performs the online monitoring of sound noises in a library of an educational institution using Internet of Things. The main objective of the proposed project is to record sound levels in closed areas and to alert users when allowed limits were exceeded. Thus, it was used a set of cost-effective tools, like free software and low-cost technologies. Raspberry Pi, PIC microcontroller and a sound sensor module were applied in the first phase. In the second phase, only ESP8266 microcontroller with sound sensor were used. Results of these two implemented phases are discussed. It was observed that both developed embedded systems, which use Internet of Things concept, contributed satisfactorily offering a better space for concentration.
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Szeman, Imre. "Energy Commons." Minnesota review 2019, no. 93 (November 1, 2019): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-7737311.
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This article argues for the necessity of articulating and struggling for an energy common. An energy common is not intended to substitute for articulations of the common in general. Rather, the specific discussion of energy in relation to the common accomplishes two things. First, it underscores the problematic lack of attention to energy in existing discussions of the common, as in autonomist political philosophy. Second, adding energy to our thinking about the common produces new insights into the political and environmental commitments of existing articulations of the common. The possibilities of a common that is alert to the limits of natural resources and operates in relation to them are described in Ivan Illich’s 1973 essay “Energy and Equity.” This article takes Illich’s essay as a beginning point for creating an energy commons today.
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Cole, A. S., A. Steffen, K. A. Pfaffhuber, T. Berg, M. Pilote, L. Poissant, R. Tordon, and H. Hung. "Ten-year trends of atmospheric mercury in the high Arctic compared to Canadian sub-Arctic and mid-latitude sites." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 3 (February 7, 2013): 1535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-1535-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Global emissions of mercury continue to change at the same time as the Arctic is experiencing ongoing climatic changes. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric mercury provides important information about long-term trends in the balance between transport, chemistry, and deposition of this pollutant in the Arctic atmosphere. Ten-year records of total gaseous mercury (TGM) from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed from two high Arctic sites at Alert (Nunavut, Canada) and Zeppelin Station (Svalbard, Norway); one sub-Arctic site at Kuujjuarapik (Nunavik, Québec, Canada); and three temperate Canadian sites at St. Anicet (Québec), Kejimkujik (Nova Scotia) and Egbert (Ontario). Five of the six sites examined showed a decreasing trend over this time period. Overall trend estimates at high latitude sites were: −0.9% yr−1 (95% confidence limits: −1.4, 0) at Alert and no trend (−0.5, +0.7) at Zeppelin Station. Faster decreases were observed at the remainder of the sites: −2.1% yr−1 (−3.1, −1.1) at Kuujjuarapik, −1.9% yr−1 (−2.1, −1.8) at St. Anicet, −1.6% yr−1 (−2.4, −1.0) at Kejimkujik and −2.2% yr−1 (−2.8, −1.7) at Egbert. Trends at the sub-Arctic and mid-latitude sites agree with reported decreases in background TGM concentration since 1996 at Mace Head, Ireland, and Cape Point, South Africa, but conflict with estimates showing an increase in global anthropogenic emissions over a similar period. Trends in TGM at the two high Arctic sites were not only less negative (or neutral) overall but much more variable by season. Possible reasons for differences in seasonal and overall trends at the Arctic sites compared to those at lower latitudes are discussed, as well as implications for the Arctic mercury cycle. The first calculations of multi-year trends in reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and total particulate mercury (TPM) at Alert were also performed, indicating increases from 2002 to 2009 in both RGM and TPM in the spring when concentrations are highest.
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Wu, Yan Cui, Wen Hua Song, Zhen Chen, Xin Xu, and Ke Rong Li. "Research of Pond Fire Model of Base Oil Tin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.320.
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Taking the floating roof tank of a petrochemical company,whose single tank capacity was 20000m3, for example,the thesis analyses and researches the fire and explosion accident of tank, selects typical typical fire accident model as the basis,came to the conclusion damage radius of radiation flux to personnel: From 30s to 60s, the death radius was 100m to 129.6m,and people would be hurt in different degree within a radius of 240m ,so the range of Cordon around was beyond 240m;The extent of damage to equipment:all equipments would be damage within 70m away from the burning oil tanks; The equipments beyond 85.1m had almost no effect;The damage radius to firefighters:The critical safety distance in fire fighting and rescue work was 214m.The thesis came to the conclusion of safe evacuation distance and alert limits,and put forward fire safety measures rightly through the using of hazard control mode.
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Hwang, Sungmok, and Cheol Yoo. "Health Monitoring and Diagnosis System for a Small H-Type Darrieus Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine." Energies 14, no. 21 (November 3, 2021): 7246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217246.
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As the wind power market grows rapidly, the importance of technology for real-time monitoring and diagnosis of wind turbines is increasing. However, most of the developed technologies and research mainly focus on large horizontal-axis wind turbines, and research conducted on small- and medium-sized wind turbines is rare. In this study, a novel low-cost and real-time health monitoring and diagnosis system for the small H-type Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine is proposed. Turbine operating conditions were classified into parked/idle and power production. In the case of the power production condition, abnormality diagnosis was performed using key monitoring parameters, including vibration, fundamental frequency, the bending stress of the tower and generator vibration. The turbine abnormalities were diagnosed in two stages by applying the alert and alarm limits, determined by referring to international standards and material properties and the long-term measurement data together.
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Scudder, C. A., A. F. Fuchs, and T. P. Langer. "Characteristics and functional identification of saccadic inhibitory burst neurons in the alert monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 59, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 1430–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.59.5.1430.
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1. With the use of single-unit recording, the reticular formation immediately caudal to the abducens nucleus was searched for saccadic burst neurons in alert, trained rhesus monkeys. We recorded 80 short- and long-lead burst neurons, investigated their connections, and quantitatively analyzed their discharge characteristics. 2. Like excitatory burst neurons located rostral to the abducens, these caudal burst neurons fire optimally for ipsilaterally directed saccades, fire less for vertical saccades, and fire minimally, if at all, for contralateral saccades. The direction associated with the maximum number of spikes was approximately along the horizontal axis (1 +/- 12 degrees (SD); n = 33). 3. The first spike of the burst led the saccade by 2-120 ms, depending on the unit. Neurons were divided into short lead (45%) and long lead (55%) using a burst-lead criterion of 15 ms. In the on-direction, the discharges of both types exhibited strong correlations between number of spikes in the burst and size of the horizontal saccade component; duration of the burst and duration of the saccade; and peak frequency of the burst and peak velocity of the saccade. These relations were looser for long-lead neurons than for short-lead neurons. 4. Horseradish peroxidase injected into the abducens nucleus retrogradely labeled cells in the contralateral reticular formation where burst neurons were recorded, showing that cells in this region make crossed monosynaptic connections. There was good agreement between the limits of this region, as determined physiologically and anatomically. 5. Microstimulation at the locus of recorded burst neurons elicited EMG potentials in the contralateral lateral rectus muscle of the appropriate sign and latency for a monosynaptic inhibitory projection to abducens motoneurons. Stimulation also elicited eye movements consistent with inhibition of the contralateral lateral rectus. 6. It is argued that these characteristics make it likely that the short-lead neurons are the source of the afference which generate the pause in contralateral abducens motoneuron firing during adducting saccades. These neurons are therefore analogous to the inhibitory burst neurons (IBNs) found in the cat. The characteristics of long-lead burst neurons, particularly their lead, make them less likely to subserve this function. These cells might be better suited to providing input to omnipause neurons or to the short-lead IBNs.
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Nguyen, Marguerite. "Situating Vietnamese Transnationalism and Diaspora." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 18, no. 3 (September 2015): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.18.3.382.
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This review examines Kieu-Linh Caroline Valverde’s conceptualization of “transnationalizing Viet Nam.” It pays attention to Valverde’s field research in both the United States and Vietnam, which allowed her to observe how transnational networks of music and the Internet forged collaborations among individuals in both countries, despite severed US—Vietnamese diplomatic ties. It also examines the book’s treatment of the centrality of anti-Communism in Vietnamese diasporic politics and discourse, understanding Valverde’s analysis of anti-Communist hostility and violence as an argument about the limits of ideological inflexibility in Vietnamese American communities. In addition, this review also juxtaposes Valverde’s discussion of anti-Communism with other Southeast Asian American Studies scholars who interrogate the term’s many meanings to foreground the larger project to which Valverde’s project contributes—a critical approach alert to the long histories and multiple migrations that characterize overseas Vietnamese and compels a model of Vietnamese transnationalism and diaspora that is attentive to both pre-and post-Vietnam War contexts
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McKenzie, Donald, David W. Peterson, and David L. Peterson. "Modelling conifer species distributions in mountain forests of Washington State, USA." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79253-2.
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Understanding the effects of climatic change on mountain forests, where snowpacks and short growing seasons limit tree establishment and growth, is a key concern for both ecologists and foresters. We quantified associations between climatic and biophysical variables and individual conifer species distributions in mountain forests with generalized linear models. For the majority of species, a unimodal response to moisture and temperature gradients was evident, suggesting that an environmental niche can be identified. Species known to respond to limiting factors in the abiotic environment showed the strongest associations with predictor variables. The models can improve forecasts of the potential redistribution of species on the landscape in response to climatic change, but disturbance, migration rates, and limits on regeneration are important sources of uncertainty. Nevertheless, by identifying climate-based niches of different species, we can identify effective strategies for reforestation and alert managers to particularly sensitive or vulnerable ecosystems and landscapes. Key words: conifer species, mountain forests, generalized linear models, unimodal response, limiting factors
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Al-Zayat, Salah. "Moral and family implications in Hadith “The khezira “ recent analytical study of the hadith." Journal of Human and Administrative Sciences, no. 28 (September 1, 2022): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56760/10.5676/iydg6549.
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This research is concerned with studying the Hadith of Aisha, may God rest her soul, in mentioning the incident of time in the house of the Prophet Mohammed. The key objectives of this research are to study the Hadith via collecting its methods, considering its attribution, collecting its words in the books of Hadith, analyzing it, editing the meanings of its strangeness, and indicating the moral implications. This research uses the analytical and introspective approach. The results of which were: the great need to interrogate the texts of Hadiths relating to family and morals, to reveal the provisions that govern the limits of dealing with spouses and alert a number of provisions of hospitality and permission. The most prominent recommendations: that scientific and social institutions should go to produce encyclopedias in (marital rights), (family etiquette) and (provisions and morals of polygamy); derived from the texts of Hadith and incidents of the Prophet's house.
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Théry, Neli de Mello ThéryNeli de Mello, and Patrick Caron. "CONTROVERSIES AND TRANSITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." Mercator 19, no. 2020 (December 15, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2020.e19027.
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Science does not progress without controversy as well the societies. In this article, this approach is privileged, aiming to analyze whether they can hinder or speed up the agricultural and food, environmental and sanitary transitions necessary to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It begins with an alert to the past development model and the limits of the planet, highlighting some themes and forms of action chosen by international institutions and / or scientist’s networks. Then, we selected some controversies and their arguments, related to environmental issues and the evolution of food systems. In the subsequent item, its actors and five sub controversies sought to highlight the difficulties for the transition to circular systems, considered as a vector of sustainability. It is concluded that controversies can block advances for transitions, being essential the design of methods, criteria and indicators for a better understanding of oppositions, as well as the need to include both themes and new approaches in research agendas.
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Kalinina, Nadezhda. "Public procurement during coronavirus pandemic. Review of tender purchases of J05 Direct-acting antivirals under FZ-44 and FZ-223." Remedium Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 9 (2020): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2020-9-21-22.
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Today, the epidemiological situation and the socio-economic crisis are bringing their own adjustments to our plans. Due to the introduction of a high alert regime related to the coronavirus pandemic, the authorities have introduced the temporary new rules for public procurement. The spread of COVID-19 was recognized as a circumstance of insuperable force (force majeure), inspections were cancelled, and the complaints were handled in the remote mode. In this regard, one more Government Decree No. 647 of May 08, 2020 entered into force on May 10, which defined new cases and the procedure for purchasing from a single supplier until the end of 2020. The Cabinet of Ministers adjusted the rules for calculating the time limits for purchases on non-working days under the same document. However, due to the coronavirus, single supplier tenders were not allowed for all goods, but only for those used to prevent or eliminate the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection.
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Rani Chintala, Radhika, Narasinga Rao M R, and Somu Venkateswarlu. "A Proposal for observing Conceived Ladies having High Risk of Premature Delivery using WHSN." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.32 (May 31, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.13524.
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Premature delivery of baby leads to death of babies below the age of 5 years. Even if they survive, they have to leave with a permanent disability like loss of vision, reduced learning abilities and hearing problems. Over the past years researchers have noticed that, observing uterine contractions can help in assessing the advancement of pregnancy and health of baby. It also decides whether pregnant lady is in the process of giving birth and thus accordingly reduce the impacts of premature delivery. This paper proposes a simple, secure, comfortable and cheaper system to screen pregnant ladies who are vulnerable to premature delivery. This system comprises of a wireless Human Sensor Network (HSN) for non-obtrusively observing the uterine contractions and if it is observed that readings are outer the normal limits, then a warning alert is send via a smart device. This paper also proposed a proof-of-idea model and tried it for testing the performance, power utilization and quality of the system.
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Gompertz, B. P., R. Cutter, D. Steeghs, D. K. Galloway, J. Lyman, K. Ulaczyk, M. J. Dyer, et al. "Searching for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational-wave merger events with the prototype Gravitational-Wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO-4)." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 726–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1845.
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ABSTRACT We report the results of optical follow-up observations of 29 gravitational-wave (GW) triggers during the first half of the LIGO–Virgo Collaboration (LVC) O3 run with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) in its prototype 4-telescope configuration (GOTO-4). While no viable electromagnetic (EM) counterpart candidate was identified, we estimate our 3D (volumetric) coverage using test light curves of on- and off-axis gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae. In cases where the source region was observable immediately, GOTO-4 was able to respond to a GW alert in less than a minute. The average time of first observation was 8.79 h after receiving an alert (9.90 h after trigger). A mean of 732.3 square degrees were tiled per event, representing on average 45.3 per cent of the LVC probability map, or 70.3 per cent of the observable probability. This coverage will further improve as the facility scales up alongside the localization performance of the evolving GW detector network. Even in its 4-telescope prototype configuration, GOTO is capable of detecting AT2017gfo-like kilonovae beyond 200 Mpc in favourable observing conditions. We cannot currently place meaningful EM limits on the population of distant ($\hat{D}_L = 1.3$ Gpc) binary black hole mergers because our test models are too faint to recover at this distance. However, as GOTO is upgraded towards its full 32-telescope, 2 node (La Palma & Australia) configuration, it is expected to be sufficiently sensitive to cover the predicted O4 binary neutron star merger volume, and will be able to respond to both northern and southern triggers.
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Andrews, Jacob A., Michael P. Craven, Jennifer Jamnadas-Khoda, Alexandra R. Lang, Richard Morriss, and Chris Hollis. "Health Care Professionals’ Views on Using Remote Measurement Technology in Managing Central Nervous System Disorders: Qualitative Interview Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 7 (July 24, 2020): e17414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17414.
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Background Remote measurement technologies (RMT) can be used to collect data on a variety of bio-behavioral variables, which may improve the care of patients with central nervous system disorders. Although various studies have explored their potential, prior work has highlighted a knowledge gap in health care professionals’ (HCPs) perceptions of the value of RMT in clinical practice. Objective This study aims to understand HCPs’ perspectives on using RMT in health care practice for the care of patients with depression, epilepsy, or multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 26 multidisciplinary primary and secondary care HCPs who care for patients with epilepsy, depression, or MS. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results A total of 8 main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) potential clinical value of RMT data; (2) when to use RMT in care pathways; (3) roles of health care staff who may use RMT data; (4) presentation and accessibility of data; (5) obstacles to successful use of RMT; (6) limits to the role of RMT; (7) empowering patients; and (8) considerations around alert-based systems. Conclusions RMT could add value to the system of care for patients with central nervous system disorders by providing clinicians with graphic summaries of data in the patient record. Barriers of both technical and human nature should be considered when using these technologies, as should the limits to the benefits they can offer.