Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alcohols'
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Sumer, Burak. "Synthesis Of 1,2-amino Alcohols Having Tertiary Alcohol Moiety." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607276/index.pdf.
Full textBarroca, Pedro JoseÌ Pereira Marques. "Alcohol oxidase enzymes for the deracemization of secondary alcohols." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427019.
Full textCornmell, Robert Joseph. "Enantioselective alcohol oxidase enzymes for deracemisation of secondary alcohols." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406826.
Full textLeonard, Danièle. "Carbonylation of unsaturated alcohols." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4716.
Full textMounzer, Hamza. "Heterogeneous oxidation of alcohols." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/387/.
Full textNieuwoudt, Traute. "The separation of alcohols." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53172.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pure primary alcohols are very valuable as raw materials and solvents. Close-boiling alcohol mixtures are produced as byproducts from the Fischer Tropsch synthesis. These byproducts include the mixtures 1-butanol+2- penta noI and 1-pentanol+2-hexanol. Due to the small difference in boiling points these alcohols cannot be separated from one another by using conventional distillation. This study has been undertaken to determine whether primary and secondary alcohols may be separated by exploitation of their chemical properties. Esterification of the alcohols followed by distillation of the esters into cuts and hydrolyses of the esters, has been attempted to separate the alcohols. This however, was unsuccessful. In this study the difference in dehydration rate of secondary and primary alcohols in acidic media has also been investigated. Several acidic resins and liquid catalysts have been used. The acidic resins gave no dehydration or extremely low dehydration rates in the liquid phase. The liquid catalysts H2S04, Oxalic Acid, NaHS04 and H3P04 were investigated. H3P04 gave excellent results. Laboratory experiments were conducted at the boiling point of the reaction mixture at atmospheric pressure. The reaction mixture was sampled at varying time intervals and analysed. The secondary alcohol dehydrated rapidly to the corresponding alkene. The primary alcohol formed symmetrical ethers at a very low rate. The primary and secondary alcohol also combined to form small amounts of unsymmetrical ethers. After the dehydration reaction the organic products can be separated from the acid with a'short path distillation unit. The primary alcohol can further be purified by conventional distillation. Conceptual process designs were done for the separation and purification of the reactor product streams of the alcohol mixtures 1-butanol+2-pentanol and 1-pentanol+2-hexanol. n laboratory scale it was found that for the separation of 85% 1-butanol and 15% 2-pentanol (mass %), 90 % H3P04 (mass %) at an acid:alcohol ratio of 1,5: 1 results in suffcient dehydration of 2-pentanol. A reaction time of 70 minutes is required. A conceptual design on the purification of the 1-butanol predicted a product quality of 99,5 % 1-butanol (mass %) and a 1-butanol recovery of 75 %. The 1-butanol recovery is low, because a major part of the 1-butanol is lost in the purification as part of the ternary azeotrope with water and n-butylether. On laboratory scale it was also found that for the separation of 85 % 1- pentanol+15 % 2-hexanol (mass %),90 % H3P04 (mass %) at an acid:alcohol ratio of 1,5:1 gives sufficient dehydration of 2-hexanol. A reaction time of only 35 minutes is required. A conceptual design on the purification of the 1- pentanol predicted a product quality of 99,9 % 1-pentanol and a 1-pentanol recovery of > 98 %. The 1-pentanol recovery is excellent, only the 1- pentanol that is converted to ethers is lost. In this study it has been proven that a dehydration separation process can be applied successfully to remove secondary alcohols from a primary+secondary alcohol mixture. Especially the removal of 2-hexanol from a 1-pentanol+2- hexanol mixture gave promising results. In order to assess the economic viability of this dehydration process an economic evaluation should be done. This could be part of subsequent studies. The dehydration separation process should be investigated further. It is believed that this dehydration separation process can be expanded to higher alcohols, e.g. 1-hexanol+2-heptanol. It would be extremely advantageous if a solid catalyst could be found for the separation. In this case the recovery of the organics from the reaction mixture would be very much easier. If a solid catatyst is not found, a continuous process using H3P04 as liquid catalyst should be developed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suiwer primêre alkohole is baie waardevolle rou materiale en oplosmiddels. Alkohol mengsels, wat uit naby-kokende alkohole bestaan, word as neweprodukte in die Fischer Tropsch Sintese gevorm. Hierdie newe-produkte sluit alkohol mengsels soos 1-butanol+2-pentanol en 1-pentanol+2-hexanol in. Weens die klein verskil in kookpunte van hierdie alkohole kan die alkohole nie met konvensionele distillasie van mekaar geskei word nie. Hierdie studie is onderneem om te bepaal of die chemiese eienskappe van alkohole benut kan word om primêre en sekondêre alkohole van mekaar te skei. 'n Poging is aangewend om die alkohole met behulp van esterifikasie te skei. Die alkohole is eers ge-esterifiseer, daarna met behulp van distillasie in verskeie snitte verdeel en die alkohol is vrygestel deur hidrolise van die esters. Dit was egter onsuksesvol. Die verskil in dehidrasie tempo van sekondêre en primêre alkohole in suur mediums is ook ondersoek. Verskeie suur harse en vloeibare kataliste is ondersoek. Die suur .harse het of geen dehidrasie of baie lae dehidrasie tempo's in die vloeistoffase gegee. Die vloeistof kataliste H2S04, Oksaalsuur, NaHS04 en H3P04 is ondersoek. H3P04 het uitstekende resultate gelewer. Eksperimente is op laboratoriumskaal en onder atmosferiese druk uitgevoer. Monsters is van die reaksiemengsels by verskillende tydsintervalle geneem en geanaliseer. Die sekondêre alkohol het vinnig na die ooreenstemmende alkeen gedehidreer. Die primêre alkohole het simmetriese eters teen 'n lae tempo gevorm. Die primêre en sekondêre alkohole het ook gekombineer om gemengde eters te vorm. Kort-pad-distillasie kan gebruik word om na die dehidrase reaksie die organiese produkte van die suur te verwyder. Die primêre alkohole kan verder met konvensionele distillasie gesuiwer word. Konseptueie prosesontwerpe is uitgevoer vir die skeiding en suiwering van die alkohol mengsels 1-butanol+2-pentanol en 1-pentanol+2-hexanol nadat dehidrasie van die mengsels uitgevoer is. Op laboratoriumskaal is dit gevind dat vir die skeiding van 85% 1-butanol en 15% 2-pentanol (massa %), 90 % H3P04 (massa %) met 'n suur:alkohol verhouding van 1,5:1 effektiewe dehidrase van 2-pentanol lewer. fn Reaksietyd van 70 minute word benodig. fn Konseptueie ontwerp vir die suiwering van die 1-butanol het fn produkkwaliteit van 99,5 % 1-butanol (massa %) en fn 1-butanol opbrengs van 75 % voorspel. Die 1-butanol opbrengs is laag aangesien fn groot deel van die 1-butanol verlore gaan as deel van die ternêre azeotroop wat 1-butanol met n-butieleter en water vorm. Dit is ook op laboratoriumskaal vasgestel dat vir die skeiding van 85 % 1- pentanol+15 % 2-hexanol (massa %), 90 % H3P04 (massa %) met fn suur:alkohol verhouding van 1,5:1 effektiewe dehidrase van 2-hexanollewer. fn Reaksietyd van slegs 35 minute word benodig. fn Konseptueie ontwerp vir die suiwering van die 1-pentanol het fn produkkwaliteit van 99,9 % 1-pentanol en fn 1-pentanol opbrengs van > 98 % voorspel. Die 1-pentanol opbrengs is uitstekend, en slegs die 1-pentanol wat omgeskakel word na eters gaan verlore. In hierdie studie is dit bewys dat fn dehidrasie skeidingsproses suksevol aangewend kan word om sekondêre alkohole uit fn primêre+sekondêre alkohol mengsel te verwyder. Veral die verwydering van 2-hexanol uit fn 1- pentanol+2-hexanol mengsel het belowende resultate gelewer. Om die ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid van so fn skeidingsproses te bepaal moet fn ekonomiese evaluasie van die proses gedoen word. Dit behoort deel van verdere studies te vorm. Die dehidrasie skeidingsproses behoort verder ondersoek te word. Dit word verwag dat die proses na hoër alkohol mengsels, bv. 1-hexanol+2-heptanol uitgebrei kan word. Dit sou baie voordelig wees indien fn geskikte soliede katalis vir die skeiding gevind word. In so fn geval sou die herwinning van die organiese produkte van die reaksiemengsel baie makliker wees. Indien fn soliede katalis nie gevind word nie, behoort fn kontinu proses waarin H3P04 as vloeistof katalis gebruik word, ontwikkel te word.
Gao, Y. (Yun). "Synthesis and synthetic transformations of allylic alcohols, epoxy alcohols, and 1,2-cyclic sulfates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14588.
Full textGarcía, Bofill Miquel. "Use of alcohol dehydrogenase and alcohol oxidase to convert alcohols in two valuable products: chlorolactone and vanillin." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673116.
Full textLas enzimas presentan una serie de ventajas catalíticas respecto a los catalizadores químicos empleados en síntesis química clásica: especificidad, selectividad y la posibilidad de trabajar en condiciones suaves de temperatura y presión. No obstante, también presentan una serie de limitaciones como son la baja estabilidad y las bajas productividades. En el presente trabajo se combinan dos técnicas para tratar de optimizar las reacciones de interés seleccionadas: la inmovilización y la ingeniería de reacción. Las reacciones objetivo de este trabajo son reacciones de oxidoreducción centradas en la biosíntesis de moléculas, de medio y alto valor añadido, de alto interés industrial. En la primera parte de la tesis se ha utilizado una alcohol deshidrogenasa (ADH99) para la oxidación del alcohol chlorolactol a chlorolactona y una NAD(P)H oxidasa (NOX) como sistema de regeneración del cofactor. La chlorolactona es un precursor para la síntesis de estatinas las cuales son fármacos utilizados para la reducción del LDL-colesterol puesto que inhiben la enzima encargada de su biosíntesis. Ambas enzimas fueron inmovilizados eficientemente en diferentes soportes, de los cuales se seleccionaron los tres que mostraron mayor actividad retenida. Seguidamente se estudió la estabilidad de los derivados inmovilizados en condiciones de reacción y se determinó la carga enzimática máximo para cada enzima. Se descartó el uso de la NOX inmovilizada puesto que no se mejoró la estabilidad con ningún apoyo. Posteriormente se optimizaron las condiciones de reacción con un diseño experimental (DoE) con la ADH99 soluble pero utilizando la cantidad máxima de ADH99 que se puede añadir a la reacción cuando se usa la ADH99 inmovilizada en epoxy-agarosa-UAB M2. Finalmente se estudió la capacidad de reutilización del derivado inmovilizado, donde se pudo mejorar 1.5 veces tanto el producto obtenido como el rendimiento del biocatalizador. No obstante, la mejor configuración resultó ser la utilización de las dos enzimas en forma soluble. La segunda parte de esta tesis se centró en la reacción de oxidación del alcohol vanillínico a vanillina biocatalizada por la eugenol oxidasa (EUGO). La vanillina es la molécula que da las propiedades organolépticas a la vainilla, el segundo aromatizante más caro del mundo. La síntesis de vainillina vía biotecnológica es de un gran interés industrial puesto que puede etiquetarse como natural. La EUGO fue inmovilizada eficientemente en diferentes soportes de los que se seleccionaron los tres que retuvieron más actividad y se estudiaron los mismos parámetros que en el apartado anterior. En este caso los tres derivados inmovilizados fueron utilizados para realizar la reacción de síntesis, con el objetivo de seleccionar el más estable operacionalmente. Todos los derivados permitieron ser reutilizados 5 veces conservando una elevada conversión en el último ciclo. La epoxy-agarosa-UAB M2 fue el soporte que mejor estabilidad mostró. Los buenos resultados obtenidos en el segundo apartado de este trabajo permitieron profundizar en esta reacción. Por lo que, en el tercer apartado, se realizó una optimización de las condiciones de reacción desde el punto de vista de mejorar las métricas del proceso y también con el objetivo de hacer el proceso más sostenible ambientalmente. A la hora de escoger las nuevas condiciones de reacción se tuvieron en cuenta la actividad de la EUGO y su estabilidad. Ambas condiciones fueron testadas en la reacción diana con lo EUGO soluble e inmovilizada. En las nuevas condiciones se pudo mejorar la productividad volumétrica 5.7 y 6.6 veces respectivamente, en comparación a las condiciones previas. Finalmente, en el reciclaje de la enzima inmovilizada se pudieron realizar 5 ciclos de reacción en las primeras condiciones y 18 ciclos de reacción en las nuevas condiciones donde se pudo mejorar el rendimiento del biocatalitzador 3.9 y 12.4 veces respectivamente.
Enzymes have some catalytic advantages over chemical catalysts used in classical chemical synthesis: specificity, selectivity and the possibility to work under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. However, they also have some limitations such as low stability and low productivity. This work combines two techniques aiming to optimise the target reactions: immobilisation and reaction engineering. The target reactions of this work are redox reactions focused on the biosynthesis of molecules, of medium-high value, of industrial interest. In the first part of the thesis, an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH99) was used, with an NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) as a cofactor regeneration system, to oxidise a chlorolactol to chlorolactone. Chlorolactone is a precursor for the synthesis of statins which are drugs used to lower LDL-cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis. Both enzymes were efficiently immobilised on different supports, selecting the three that showed the highest retained activity. The stability of the immobilised derivatives under reaction conditions was studied and the maximum enzyme load for each enzyme also was determined. The use of immobilised NOX was discarded because no stability improvements were achieved with any support. The reaction conditions were optimised by design of experiments (DoE), using soluble ADH99 added at maximum loading onto an epoxy-agarose support. Finally, the reusability of the immobilised enzyme was studied, where both the total product obtained and the biocatalyst yield could be improved 1.5-fold. However, the best configuration resulted from the use of the two enzymes in soluble form. The second part of this thesis was focused on the oxidation reaction of vanillyl alcohol to vanillin catalysed by eugenol oxidase (EUGO). Vanillin is the molecule that gives vanilla its organoleptic properties. Vanillin biotechnological synthesis is of high interest industrially because it is the second most expensive flavouring in the world and the product can be labelled as natural. Similar to the previous section, EUGO was efficiently immobilised onto different supports, selecting the three that retained most activity. These supports were used to study the stability of the immobilised enzyme and the maximum EUGO load that can be immobilised. In this case, the three immobilised derivatives were used to perform the target reaction, in order to select the most stable operationally. All immobilised derivatives could be reused 5 times maintaining a high conversion in the last cycle. Epoxy-agarose-UAB M2 was the support that showed the best stability, improving the biocatalyst yield 3-fold. The encouraging results obtained in the second section of this work allowed us to deepen the study of this reaction. Therefore, in the third section, an optimisation of the reaction conditions was carried out to improve the process metrics and also aiming to make the process more environmentally sustainable. The EUGO activity and its stability were taken into account to choose the reaction conditions. Both conditions, maximum activity and maximum stability, were tested in the target reaction with soluble and immobilised EUGO. Using the new conditions, it was possible to improve the volumetric productivity 5.7 and 6.6-fold respectively, compared to the previous conditions. Finally, the reusability of the immobilised EUGO allowed us to perform 5 reaction cycles and 18 reaction cycles, with unoptimised and optimised reaction conditions respectively. This resulted in an improvement of the biocatalyst yield of 3.9 and 12.4-fold, respectively, compared to reactions with soluble enzyme under the same conditions.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biotecnologia
Kasprzak, Jakub [Verfasser]. "Alcohol dehydrogenases as biocatalysts for the production of enantiomerically pure chiral alcohols / Jakub Kasprzak." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1123167893/34.
Full textPalmer, Matthew Jon. "The stereoselective synthesis of alcohols." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263813.
Full textKonosonoks, Armands. "Release of Alcohols Through Photoenolization." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1132334815.
Full textBiquiza, Lucrécio Duarte. "Hydro-amination of low alcohols." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5352.
Full textThe conversion of basic and renewable organic materials into valuable chemical products via simple processes is essential for generation of economic wealth. Value can be added to low value basic chemical materials produced in large quantities by converting them into speciality chemicals. The present study is an example. By-products of sugar industry, namely molasses and bagasses, can be used as a feedstock to produce valuable chemicals. By fermentation, molasses can be converted into a variety of organic compounds including ethanol, and other alcohols, lactic, glutamic and citric acids, glycerol and some antibiotics; Hydroamination of low alcohols (C2-C4) over Co/Si02 catalysts yielding amines, has been selected as an option to add value to these materials. This process involves reaction of alcohol with ammonia at temperatures ranging from 150 to 210°C and pressures of 18 to 200 bar in presence of hydrogen. Amines are of considerable industrial importance and find a huge application in almost every field of modem technology, agriculture and medicine, as intermediates and end products. Their commercial value is higher than that of sugar. A number of general mechanisms for the amination of alcohols over metal catalysts have been proposed, but the mechanism is still under discussion with some steps and/or intermediates not being conclusively proven. Most proposed mechanisms in literature assume the consecutive formation of the higher substituted amines.
Serveta, Irena. "Towards the use of Alcohol dehydrogenases as biocatalysts for stereoselective isotope labeling of aromatic alcohols." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-368315.
Full textMoldoveanu, Georgiana A. "Crystallisation of inorganic compounds with alcohols." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85627.
Full textIn this work, the Solvent Displacement Crystallisation (SDC) technique is investigated as an attractive alternative to the conventional crystallisation methods. SDC involves the addition of low-boiling point, water-miscible organic solvents (MOS) to aqueous solutions to cause salt precipitation based on the salting out effect. The crystals are separated by filtration whereas the solvent is subsequently recovered for reuse by low-temperature distillation. The present work was initiated with the main objective to develop a solid scientific understanding of the SDC process and propose specific applications to hydrometallurgical systems of practical interest.
Criteria for the selection of organic solvents with suitable physical and chemical properties have been established and various compounds screened to determine their amenability to SDC; 2-propanol was selected as an effective salting out agent to cause precipitation of most metallic sulphates of practical interest from acidic solutions and opted for use in further studies. Differences in crystallisation behaviour among the various metal sulphates were attributed to differences in hydration energy (the energy required for a hydrated ion to be separated from its bound water).
None of the tested metal chlorides could be successfully separated from HCl-H2O system with 2-propanol. This was explained in terms of enhanced metal chlorides solubilities in non-aqueous solvents relative to water by formation of chloro-complexes of larger stability constants. The preferential formation of chloro-complexes in mixed aqueous and organic solvents is the result of the almost linear drastic increase in the activity of Cl - with mole fraction organic.
Successful examples of using the SDC method in conjunction with an industrial process involve precipitation of NiSO4·6H2O from copper electrorefining spent electrolytes, residual sulphate removal as gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) in chloride leaching processes and ZnO separation/NaOH regeneration in the system Na2ZnO2, - NaOH - H2O. By maintaining a low supersaturation (i.e. controlled addition of the solvent to the electrolyte) and heterogeneous crystallisation conditions (use of seed/product recycling), crystal growth is favoured while impurity uptake/contamination is minimised.
Parker, Gemma M. "A new route to polyhydric alcohols." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/620/.
Full textPennell, M. N. "Gold catalysed reactions of propargylic alcohols." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1418070/.
Full textHigby, Joshua. "Conversion of CO2 to higher alcohols." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell miljö- och processteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83392.
Full textIn this work, a thermodynamic analysis for CO2 hydrogenation by co-feeding ethanol to higher alcohols was performed with the HSC software package. The results suggested a high pressure and a low temperature for the reaction. However, it yielded low equilibrium compositions for the higher alcohols even at a high pressure of 100 bar at 300C . Increasing the equilibrium compositions for the higher alcohols can be done by removing water. A mathematical model was used to analyse the rate-limiting step in a process for the production of higher alcohols from CO2. In this process, reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction was used to convert CO2 to CO, subsequently, the obtained CO reacts with ethanol and hydrogen to produce higher alcohols directly. The mathematical model was developed in MATLAB to simulate how the reaction could behave by feeding CO2, H2 and ethanol at different pressures ranging from 10-200 bars. The water removal effect on the equilibrium is measured in terms of CO2 conversion by achieving 95% for removing water. The results indicated that the process can be used to convert CO2 to higher alcohols and at a lower pressure. The limiting factor for CO2 hydrogenation is the reaction mechanism, it’s an urgent problem for the development of the catalysts. In this model it was assumed to be a logistic function. The conversion of CO2 into higher alcohols is an important problem that is required to be addressed by more experimental verifications to understand the mechanism. The literature review shows that there is no available membrane for removal of water for the process currently, due to the harsh process conditions, mainly because of the membrane stability. However, membrane technology is a promising method for separation of water/organic mixtures that can be studied further in the future.
Cavalli, Fabrizia. "Atmospheric oxidation of selected alcohols and esters." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962378763.
Full textFirdous, Samia. "Synthesis and Reactions of α-Azido Alcohols." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-86012.
Full textIn this work, α-azido alcohols which exist in equilibrium with the starting materials have been studied by the reactions of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with HN3. In some cases the title compounds can be isolated from the mixture at low temperature. At room temperature, however, the equilibrium is fast and there are again specific concentrations of the aldehyde, hydrazoic acid, and the α-azido alcohol. The reaction of aldehydes with HN3 creates a new chiral center and a chiral aldehyde, e.g. sugar derivatives, produces two anomeric products. The first procedures to prepare 4-bromo-4-methylpentanal and 4-azido-4-methylpentanal are also reported. The latter compound and also the parent 4-azidobutanal do not lead to 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazoles by intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, although it was claimed in the literature. Furthermore, some interesting reactions of the α-azido alcohols have been investigated. The oxidation of α-azido alcohols with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) at −60 °C leads to formation of carbonyl azides. The photolysis of α-azido alcohols at −50 °C generates nitrenes with liberation of dinitrogen, which lead to the formation of acid amides after the migration of hydrogen and subsequent tautomerism of the intermediate. 1,2-Migration of a group R in the α-position can produce an intermediate stage which is rapidly converted into formamide derivative. α-Azido alcohols react with PBr3 to give 1-azido-1-bromo derivatives in a clean reaction by substitution of hydroxyl group at the α-position
Kohls, Hannes [Verfasser]. "Biocatalytic synthesis of amino alcohols / Hannes Kohls." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080209204/34.
Full textLofberg, Christian. "Catalytic Redox Neutral Cascade Alkylations with Alcohols." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486335.
Full textOshige, Eric Stephen. "Photorelease of caged alcohols from artificial metalloenzymes /." Electronic thesis, 2007. http://etd.wfu.edu/theses/available/etd-06102007-193011/.
Full textMohamed, Ahmed. "Frother blends in flotation: polyglycols and alcohols." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104699.
Full textLes moussants sont des surfactants non ioniques. Ceux-ci sont communément des alcools et des polyglycols, utilisés en flottation pour assumer deux fonctions : réduire la taille de la bulle et stabiliser la mousse. Ces deux fonctions exercent une influence sur les propriétés de l'interface air-eau (surface des bulles). Cependant il n'existe pas de consensus sur le mécanisme, particulièrement en ce qui a trait à la réduction de la taille des bulles. Mélanger des moussants devient une pratique généralement acceptée en flottation, laquelle sans doute renforce la performance en permettant le contrôle indépendant des deux fonctions de moussants. Toutefois, aucune étude n'a été réalisée pour déterminer l'action possible du mélange des moussants. Le mélange utilisé dans ce travail est un ajout d'une petite quantité de polyglycol (F150 et DF250) aux alcools (1-pentanol et MIBC). L'effet des mélanges sur les propriétés de dispersion de gaz (taille des bulles, rétention de gaz) que sur celles de la mousse (hauteur de la mousse, vitesse du flux du trop plein d'eau) a été mesurée en trois unités, colonne à bulles, 800 L et 5.5 L cellules mécaniques. La hauteur de la mousse et la vitesse du flux du trop plein d'eau ont révélé un fort effet de mélange puisque les deux paramètres accusent dans le cas du mélange une augmentation significative en comparaison aux moussants individuels. Alors que la taille des bulles avait diminué lorsque la concentration du mélange avait atteint une valeur inferieure à la concentration critique de coalescence (CCC) de la mousse d'alcool, la taille de la bulle était devenue largement supérieure à celle d'alcool CCC, contre toute attente. Les données sur la rétention de gaz ont aussi corroboré ces effets affectant la taille des bulles. Cet effet de taille de la bulle compromise tester l'hypothèse de la contrôle indépendante de fonction utilisant des mélanges. Le pivot de cette thèse est l'explication des observations de la taille des bulles par le biais des tests de coalescence et de rupture. Le temps de coalescence de bulles générées à partir de deux capillaires horizontaux n'a pas démontré un effet du mélange. Les tests de rupture réalisés avec une seule bulle à la fois et à partir d'un courant d'air pour le mélange F150 – pentanol, démontre que le mélange a réduit la possibilité de rupture par rapport à un seul moussant. L'augmentation de la taille de la bulle au-delà de la base CCC pourrait être due à la diminution de l'effet de rupture. Afin d'expliquer ce phénomène, un mécanisme basé sur l'effet de Marangoni est introduit.
Abecassis, Keren. "Synthesis of enantioenriched secondary and tertiary alcohols." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509804.
Full textMoore, Simon Andrew. "Formation of higher alcohols from synthesis gas." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272886.
Full textWatson, Andrew. "Ruthenium catalysed transformations of amines and alcohols." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547638.
Full textCaya, Thomas Charles. "Diastereoselective, Alkoxide-Directed Diborations of Alkenyl Alcohols." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3859.
Full textThe metal-catalyzed diboration of alkenes has gained fame as a practical methodology for use in the stereoselective construction of complex organic molecules and synthetic building blocks. The created carbon-boron bonds have tremendous versatility and can easily be manipulated into carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. Unfortunately, metal-catalyzed diborations often suffer from limitations such as substrate specificity. To address these issues, we investigated diboration reactions in the absence of transition-metal catalysts. Herein is presented a transition-metal-free, diastereoselective diboration methodology utilizing alkenyl alcohols as substrates. Allylic alcohols can be treated with an organolithium base and bis(pinacolato)diboron to generate 1,2,3-triols upon oxidation. Most studies were done on homoallylic alcohols, which can be performed using a carbonate base and an alcohol additive. This methodology has many strengths, such as a wide substrate scope and high levels of diastereoselectivity. Further investigations into product functionalization and synthetic applications will be pursued in due time
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
Geoghan, Allison. "Regio- and Diastereoselective Hydroformylation of Homoallylic Alcohols." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3233.
Full textScaffolding ligand, 14, was designed to direct the hydroformylation of 1,2 disubstituted alkenes, such that the aldehyde forms at the carbon distally from the directing group. The ligand has the ability to form reversible covalent bonds with the substrate and bind to the metal to achieve high conversion, regio- and diastereoselectivity of homoallylic alcohol products
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
Thompson, Mark Lawrence. "Investigation into biocatalytic routes towards monoterpene alcohols." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14210/.
Full textPrusinowski, Allen Frank. "Double Functionalization of Alcohols via Imidate Radicals." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619095055361502.
Full textCholerton, Mary. "Dehydration of alcohols using solid acid catalysts." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/362638/.
Full textJones, Elizabeth Louise. "The enclathration of alcohols by cholic acid." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17185.
Full textA series of crystalline Cholic acid inclusion compounds were studied with a view to understanding the role of guest molecules in inducing and stabilizing a particular Cholic acid (host) lattice structure. Alcohols in the series CH₃(CH₂nOH (n= 0 to 3 and 2-propanol) were employed as guest molecules and enclathrated in the host lattice of Cholic acid during crystallization. Single crystal structure analyses were performed by X-ray diffraction. Two types of molecular packing were identified. Cholic acid inclusion compounds with methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol are characterized by a 3-D host and guest molecule network stabilized by hydrogen bonds with symmetry of P2₁2₁2₁ space group. The guest molecules 2- propanol and 1-butanol, by nature of their size, induce a molecular packing with a larger guest cavity than that in the P2₁2₁2₁ space structures. Symmetrically defined by the P6₅22 space group, the crystal lattice is characterized by a helix of Cholic acid molecules generated by the six-fold screw axis through the origin and parallel to the c axis. The lattice is stabilized by an intricate hydrogen bonding scheme. The conformation of Cholic acid (particularly that of the flexible side-chain) in the two types of molecular packing was studied. The size and shape of the guest cavities created by the host lattices were examined. Thermal analyses (Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry) were performed on these compounds to examine the guest content and the strength of host-guest interactions. ₁₂₃₅
Ongeri, Moffat Juma. "`One Pot’ Azidation of Chiral Secondary Alcohols." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1596726414906637.
Full textGribble, Nicholas R. "Alcohols and other oxygenates in automotive fuels." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10184/.
Full textGao, Da-Ming. "Isomerization of Saccharides in Subcritical Aqueous Alcohols." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215580.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19754号
農博第2150号
新制||農||1038(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N4970(農学部図書室)
32790
京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 安達 修二, 教授 入江 一浩, 教授 保川 清
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Vozniuk, Olena <1989>. "Chemical-Loop Approach in Bio-Alcohols Reforming." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7775/1/Thesis%20Olena%20Vozniuk%202017.pdf.
Full textChoudhury, Mahua Shukla Shivendra D. "Alcohol induced histone acetylation mediated by histone acetyl transferase GCN5 in liver." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6866.
Full textOkolo, Bartholomew Ndubuisi. "Alcohol tolerance in yeast : on factors influencing the inhibitory and toxic effects of alcohols on distilling yeast." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24267.
Full textAndersson, Robert. "Catalytic conversion of syngas to higher alcohols over MoS2-based catalysts." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemisk teknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158549.
Full textQC 20150115
Parsons, Scott Robert. "Chelation Assisted Rhodium Catalysed Hydroacylation Using Protected Alcohols." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526098.
Full textHackett, Simon F. J. "Selective Oxidation of Allylic Alcohols on Palladium Catalysts." Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490272.
Full textIndar, Devon. "Oxidation of alcohols using heterogeneous Au/TiO2 catalysts." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/oxidation-of-alcohols-using-heterogeneous-autio2-catalysts(14601b30-96d8-418b-bfb8-107d25490249).html.
Full textEngelen, Marcel Christian van. "Ruthenium-catalyzed homogeneous hydrogenolysis of esters to alcohols." Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Universiteit van Amsterdam ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/70394.
Full textEl, Nikheli A. H. D. "Phase equilibria in mixtures containing alkanes and alcohols." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10419.
Full textWhitney, Simon James. "Hydrogen Transfer Reactions The Indirect Functionalisation of Alcohols." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485752.
Full textBrennan, Meabh B. "Chemo- and stereoselective oxidation of allylic amino alcohols." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531953.
Full textGreeves, N. "Horner-Wittig synthesis of unsaturated alcohols and acids." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377835.
Full textMusolino, Stefania Francesca. "Organocatalytic kinetic and dynamic kinetic resolutions of alcohols." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/17058.
Full textHamid, Malai H. S. A. "Conversion of alcohols into amines by borrowing hydrogen." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501635.
Full textWong, Zackary L. (Zackary Leland). "Copper-catalyzed enantioselective stereodivergent synthesis of amino alcohols." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103506.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 46-50 (first group)).
Different stereoisomers of bioactive molecules can have distinct activities in biological systems. For this reason, it is routine procedure in the drug discovery and development process to prepare the full matrix of possible stereoisomers of drug candidates for biological evaluation and to determine the stereochemical purity of these molecules. Despite many recent advances in asymmetric synthesis, the development of general and practical strategies that are fully divergent and give rise to all stereoisomers of products bearing multiple contiguous stereocenters remains a significant challenge. Herein we report a stereodivergent copper-based approach for the expeditious construction of amino alcohols with high levels of chemo-, regio-, diastero- and enantioselectivity. Specifically, these amino alcohol products were synthesized using the sequential copper hydride-catalyzed hydrosilylation and hydroamination of readily available enals and enones. This strategy provides a route to all possible stereoisomers of these amino alcohol products, which contain up to three contiguous stereocenters. Catalyst control and stereospecificity were simultaneously leveraged to attain exceptional control of the product stereochemistry. Beyond the utility of this protocol, the strategy demonstrated here should inspire the development of methods providing complete sets of stereoisomers for other valuable synthetic targets.
by Zackary L. Wong.
S.M.