Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alcohols reforming

Academic literature on the topic 'Alcohols reforming'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Alcohols reforming"

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Buffoni, Ivana, Gerardo Santori, Francisco Pompeo, and Nora Nichio. "Steam Reforming of Alcohols for Hydrogen Production." Current Catalysis 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2014): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211544702666131224224059.

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Tartakovsky, Leonid, Vladimir Baibikov, Marcel Gutman, Arnon Poran, and Mark Veinblat. "Thermo-Chemical Recuperation as an Efficient Way of Engine's Waste Heat Recovery." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.256.

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It is known that about 30% of fuel energy introduced to an internal combustion engine (ICE) is wasted with engine exhaust gases. One of the promising ways of waste heat recovery is thermo-chemical recuperation (TCR). For the purpose of TCR realization, in principle any fuel may be used. However, utilization of renewable bio-alcohols, especially ethanol or methanol is the most favorable. The advantages of TCR over turbocharging are in the fact that its energy transfer is not limited by isentropic expansion and that the reforming process improves the fuel properties. A comprehensive theoretical analysis of the ICE with TCR was carried out using the developed model for simulation of the joint operation of ICE with alcohol reformer, when the ICE is fed by the alcohol reforming products and the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized to sustain endothermic reforming reactions. Simulation results show that it is possible to sustain endothermic reforming reactions with a reasonable reactor size. Modeling results point out a possibility of engine's efficiency improvement by up to 13% in comparison with ICE feeding by gasoline together with achievement of zero-impact pollutant emissions.
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Pyatnitsky, Y. I., L. Yu Dolgikh, and P. E. Strizhak. "Hydrogen Selectivity in the Steam Reforming of Alcohols." Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry 57, no. 1 (March 2021): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11237-021-09676-4.

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Lan, Ping, Li Hong Lan, Tao Xie, and An Ping Liao. "Analysis of Precursors of Carbon Deposition in Hydrogen Preparation by Fast Pyrolysis of Bio-Oil via Catalytic Steam Reforming." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.338.

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In the preparation of hydrogen, the bio-oil from pyrolysis of biomass must be further upgraded (catalytic steam reforming)SO as to improve its quality．However the catalyst used in the steam reforming reaction is easy to lose its activity due to being coked' SO that it is important to study the coke formation and its efects on the catalyst activity in the steam reforming process．Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were used to analyze the precursor of coke on the catalyst Ni/MgO-La2O3-Al2O3 used in steam reforming reaction and the mechanism of coking Was also discussed based on it．The results indicate that precursors of coke deposited inside the pore of the molecular sieve are mainly paraffin, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, and aromatic compounds.
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Zheng, Dandan, Jingmin Zhou, Zhongpu Fang, Tobias Heil, Aleksandr Savateev, Yongfan Zhang, Markus Antonietti, Guigang Zhang, and Xinchen Wang. "H2 and CH4 production from bio-alcohols using condensed poly(heptazine imide) with visible light." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 48 (2021): 27370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta08578f.

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Fully condensed poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) supported with highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) achieves efficient and persistent H2 and CH4 production by photocatalytic reforming of biomass derived alcohols under visible light irradiation.
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Palma, Vincenzo, Concetta Ruocco, Marta Cortese, and Marco Martino. "Bioalcohol Reforming: An Overview of the Recent Advances for the Enhancement of Catalyst Stability." Catalysts 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060665.

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The growing demand for energy production highlights the shortage of traditional resources and the related environmental issues. The adoption of bioalcohols (i.e., alcohols produced from biomass or biological routes) is progressively becoming an interesting approach that is used to restrict the consumption of fossil fuels. Bioethanol, biomethanol, bioglycerol, and other bioalcohols (propanol and butanol) represent attractive feedstocks for catalytic reforming and production of hydrogen, which is considered the fuel of the future. Different processes are already available, including steam reforming, oxidative reforming, dry reforming, and aqueous-phase reforming. Achieving the desired hydrogen selectivity is one of the main challenges, due to the occurrence of side reactions that cause coke formation and catalyst deactivation. The aims of this review are related to the critical identification of the formation of carbon roots and the deactivation of catalysts in bioalcohol reforming reactions. Furthermore, attention is focused on the strategies used to improve the durability and stability of the catalysts, with particular attention paid to the innovative formulations developed over the last 5 years.
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Tsodikov, M. V., A. S. Fedotov, V. V. Zhmakin, K. B. Golubev, V. N. Korchak, V. N. Bychkov, N. Yu Kozitsyna, and I. I. Moiseev. "Carbon dioxide reforming of alcohols on porous membrane catalyst systems." Petroleum Chemistry 51, no. 7 (November 27, 2011): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544111070127.

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de la Osa, A. R., A. B. Calcerrada, J. L. Valverde, E. A. Baranova, and A. de Lucas-Consuegra. "Electrochemical reforming of alcohols on nanostructured platinum-tin catalyst-electrodes." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 179 (December 2015): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.05.026.

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Iulianelli, Adolfo, Kamran Ghasemzadeh, and Angelo Basile. "Progress in Methanol Steam Reforming Modelling via Membrane Reactors Technology." Membranes 8, no. 3 (August 17, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8030065.

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Hydrogen has attracted growing attention for various uses, and, particularly, for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) supply. However, PEMFCs need high grade hydrogen, which is difficult in storing and transportation. To solve these issues, hydrogen generation from alcohols and hydrocarbons steam reforming reaction has gained great consideration. Among the various renewable fuels, methanol is an interesting hydrogen source because at room temperature it is liquid, and then, easy to handle and to store. Furthermore, it shows a relatively high H/C ratio and low reforming temperature, ranging from 200 to 300 °C. In the field of hydrogen generation from methanol steam reforming reaction, a consistent literature is noticeable. Despite various reviews that are more devoted to describe from an experimental point of view the state of the art about methanol steam reforming reaction carried in conventional and membrane reactors, this work describes the progress in the last two decades about the modelling studies on the same reaction in membrane reactors.
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Le, Van Thuan, Elena-Niculina Dragoi, Fares Almomani, and Yasser Vasseghian. "Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Hydrogen Production in Catalytic Dry Reforming: A Systematic Review." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102894.

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Dry reforming of hydrocarbons, alcohols, and biological compounds is one of the most promising and effective avenues to increase hydrogen (H2) production. Catalytic dry reforming is used to facilitate the reforming process. The most popular catalysts for dry reforming are Ni-based catalysts. Due to their inactivation at high temperatures, these catalysts need to use metal supports, which have received special attention from researchers in recent years. Due to the existence of a wide range of metal supports and the need for accurate detection of higher H2 production, in this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis using ANNs were conducted to assess the hydrogen production by various catalysts in the dry reforming process. The Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were investigated to retrieve the related articles from 1 January 2000 until 20 January 2021. Forty-seven articles containing 100 studies were included. To determine optimal models for three target factors (hydrocarbon conversion, hydrogen yield, and stability test time), artificial neural networks (ANNs) combined with differential evolution (DE) were applied. The best models obtained had an average relative error for the testing data of 0.52% for conversion, 3.36% for stability, and 0.03% for yield. These small differences between experimental results and predictions indicate a good generalization capability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alcohols reforming"

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Vozniuk, Olena <1989&gt. "Chemical-Loop Approach in Bio-Alcohols Reforming." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7775/1/Thesis%20Olena%20Vozniuk%202017.pdf.

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The current research is focused on the study and evaluation of a new process for the hydrogen generation, named as Chemical-Loop Reforming (CLR) of Ethanol. The main principle of the CLR process is that an oxygen-storage material is first reduced by ethanol stream (T-450oC), and then re-oxidized by water (T-450oC), in order to produce hydrogen and restore the original oxidation state of a looping-material. Different M-modified spinel-type mixed oxides: TYPE I – MFe2O4 and TYPE II – M0.6Fe2.4Oy viz. modified ferrospinels (where M=Cu, Co, Mn, Mg, Ca and Cu/Co, Cu/Mn, Co/Mn), as potentially attractive ionic oxygen and electron carrier looping materials, were prepared via co-precipitation method and tested in terms of both redox properties and catalytic activity to generate hydrogen by oxidation with steam, after the reductive step carried out with ethanol. Particularly, the focus on the reactivity behavior of binary/ternary materials explained by their ability to form thermodynamically stable spinel oxides which allow us to re-obtain the initial spinel phase upon cycling and in turn increase a stability of the looping material itself. In addition, the research includes in-situ DRIFTS and in-situ XPS studies that allowed to extract information at molecular level and to follow surface changes within the reduction/re-oxidation processes during CLR process. Bulk characterizations have been done using XRD, TEM/SEM/EDX, TPR/O, Magnetic measurements and Raman/Mössbauer Spectroscopic techniques. Moreover, a modification of the conventional CLR process with an addition of the 3rd regeneration step (carried out with air) was done in order to increase the stability of the looping material and to overcome the deactivation problems, such as: a coke deposition/accumulation and an incomplete re-oxidation of M0 during the 2nd step.
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Lorenzut, Barbara. "Development of Nanostructured Catalysts for H2 Production and Purification." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3443.

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2008/2009
La richiesta mondiale di energia è in costante crescita a causa di diversi fattori tra cui incremento della qualità della vita, incremento della popolazione, l’industrializzazione, la crescita economica dei Paesi in via di sviluppo, etc. Saranno quindi essenziali importanti cambiamenti nelle tecnologie utilizzate per la produzione di energia per soddisfare la crescente domanda energetica nel rispetto delle severe limitazioni ambientali richieste per uno sviluppo sostenibile. In questo contesto viene riconosciuto all’idrogeno l’importante ruolo di vettore energetico (in concomitanza con lo sviluppo della tecnologia delle celle a combustibile) oltre che di molecola essenziale per un vasto numero di processi industriali. L’obbiettivo di questo lavoro è stato lo sviluppo di catalizzatori nano strutturati per la produzione di idrogeno a partire da risorse alternative, siano esse rinnovabili (etanolo e glicerolo) o facilmente trasportabili (metanolo ed ammoniaca). Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di migliorare le prestazioni dei catalizzatori impiegati nei processi di produzione dell’idrogeno attraverso la comprensione dei meccanismi di reazione e ottimizzate modulando la fase attiva a livello di nanoscala. In particolare sono stati sviluppati catalizzatori per la reazione di reforming in fase gas di metanolo e etanolo (Cu/Ni/Co supportati su ZnO/Al2O3), per la reazione reforming in fase gas di glicerolo (Pt supportato su MOx/Al2O3 con MOx = CeO2 o La2O3) e per la reazione di decomposizione dell’ammoniaca (nanoparticelle di Ru incapsulate in una matrice di ZrO2 drogata La e Fe/Mo supportati su variamente drogata ZrO2 o su Al2O3 modificata). Questo lavoro è derivato da una fruttuosa collaborazione industriale con ACTA S.p.A.. e parte dei risultati ottenuti sono stati recentemente oggetto di brevetto internazionale (WO/2009/016177).
(english version)Worldwide energy requirement is steadily increasing because of many reasons, such as enhancement of the quality of life, population increase, industrialization, rapid economic growth of developing countries, etc. Important changes in the energy production technologies will be essential to fit the increased energy demand with the stringent environmental limitations required by a sustainable development. In this context, H2 is recognized as an important energy vector (in combination with fuel cells) and as an essential molecule required by a large number of industrial processes. The aim of this work was the development of nanostructured catalysts for hydrogen production starting from alternative sources, such as renewable materials (ethanol and glycerol) or easily transportable liquids (methanol and ammonia). This thesis is aimed at improving the performances of catalysts involved in H2 production processes by understanding the reaction mechanisms and by tuning the nature of the catalysts’ active phase at the nanoscale level. In particular, nanostructured catalysts were developed for methanol and ethanol steam reforming (Cu/Ni/Co supported on ZnO/Al2O3), glycerol steam reforming (Pt supported on MOx/Al2O3 with MOx = CeO2 or La2O3) and NH3 decomposition (Ru nanoparticles embedded into La-doped ZrO2 and Fe/Mo supported on doped ZrO2 or modified Al2O3). This work was part of a fruitful collaboration with ACTA S.p.A.. Remarkably, part of the results obtained from this collaboration has been recently the subject of a recent world patent (WO/2009/016177).
XXII Ciclo
1979
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Seelam, P. K. (Prem Kumar). "Hydrogen production by steam reforming of bio-alcohols:the use of conventional and membrane-assisted catalytic reactors." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526202778.

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Abstract The energy consumption around the globe is on the rise due to the exponential population growth and urbanization. There is a need for alternative and non-conventional energy sources, which are CO2-neutral, and a need to produce less or no environmental pollutants and to have high energy efficiency. One of the alternative approaches is hydrogen economy with the fuel cell (FC) technology which is forecasted to lead to a sustainable society. Hydrogen (H2) is recognized as a potential fuel and clean energy carrier being at the same time a carbon-free element. Moreover, H2 is utilized in many processes in chemical, food, metallurgical, and pharmaceutical industry and it is also a valuable chemical in many reactions (e.g. refineries). Non-renewable resources have been the major feedstock for H2 production for many years. At present, ~50% of H2 is produced via catalytic steam reforming of natural gas followed by various down-stream purification steps to produce ~99.99% H2, the process being highly energy intensive. Henceforth, bio-fuels like biomass derived alcohols (e.g. bio-ethanol and bio-glycerol), can be viable raw materials for the H2 production. In a membrane based reactor, the reaction and selective separation of H2 occur simultaneously in one unit, thus improving the overall reactor efficiency. The main motivation of this work is to produce H2 more efficiently and in an environmentally friendly way from bio-alcohols with a high H2 selectivity, purity and yield. In this thesis, the work was divided into two research areas, the first being the catalytic studies using metal decorated carbon nanotube (CNT) based catalysts in steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) at low temperatures (<450 °C). The second part was the study of steam reforming (SR) and the water-gas-shift (WGS) reactions in a membrane reactor (MR) using dense and composite Pd-based membranes to produce high purity H2. CNTs were found to be promising support materials for the low temperature reforming compared to conventional catalyst supports, e.g. Al2O3. The metal/metal oxide decorated CNTs presented active particles with narrow size distribution and small size (~2–5 nm). The ZnO promoted Ni/CNT based catalysts showed the highest H2 selectivity of ~76% with very low CO selectivity <1%. Ethanol was shown to be a more suitable and viable source for H2 than glycerol. The dense Pd-Ag membrane had higher selectivity but a lower permeating flux than the composite membrane. The MR performance is also dependent on the active catalyst materials and thus, both the catalyst and membrane play an important role. Overall, the membrane–assisted reformer outperforms the conventional reformer and it is a potential technology in pure H2 production. The high purity of H2 gas with a CO-free reformate for fuel cell applications can be gained using the MR system
Tiivistelmä Maailman energiankulutus on kasvussa räjähdysmäisen väestönkasvun ja voimakkaan kaupungistumisen myötä. Tällä hetkellä energian tuottamisen aiheuttamat ympäristöongelmat ja taloudellinen epävarmuus ovat seikkoja, joiden ratkaisemiseksi tarvitaan vaihtoehtoisia ja ei-perinteisiä energialähteitä, joilla on korkea energiasisältö ja jotka tuottavat vähän hiilidioksidipäästöjä. Eräs vaihtoehtoisista lähestymistavoista on vetytalous yhdistettynä polttokennotekniikkaan, minkä on esitetty helpottavan siirtymistä kestävään yhteiskuntaan. Vety on puhdas ja hiilivapaa polttoaine ja energian kantaja. Lisäksi vetyä käytetään monissa prosesseissa kemian-, elintarvike-, metalli- ja lääketeollisuudessa ja se on arvokas kemikaali monissa prosesseissa (mm. öljynjalostamoissa). Uusiutumattomat luonnonvarat ovat olleet tähän saakka merkittävin vedyn tuotannon raaka-aine. Tällä hetkellä noin 50 % vedystä tuotetaan maakaasun katalyyttisellä höyryreformoinilla. Puhtaan (yli 99,99 %) vedyn tuotanto vaatii kuitenkin useita puhdistusvaiheita, jotka ovat erittäin energiaintensiivisiä. Integroimalla reaktio- ja puhdistusvaihe samaan yksikköön (membraanireaktori) saavutetaan huomattavia kustannussäästöjä. Biopolttoaineet, kuten biomassapohjaiset alkoholit (bioetanoli ja bioglyseroli), ovat vaihtoehtoisia lähtöaineita vedyn valmistuksessa. Tämän työn tavoitteena on tuottaa vetyä bioalkoholeista tehokkaasti (korkea selektiivisyys ja saanto) ja ympäristöystävällisesti. Tutkimus on jaettu kahteen osaan, joista ensimmäisessä tutkittiin etanolin katalyyttistä höyryreformointia matalissa lämpötiloissa (<450 °C) hyödyntämällä metallipinnoitettuja hiilinanoputkia. Työn toisessa osassa höyryreformointia ja vesikaasun siirtoreaktioa tutkittiin membraanireaktorissa käyttämällä vedyn tuotantoon tiheitä palladiumpohjaisia kalvoja sekä huokoisia palladiumkomposiittikalvoja. Hiilinanoputket (CNT) havaittiin lupaaviksi katalyyttien tukimateriaaleiksi verrattuna tavanomaisesti valmistettuihin tukiaineisiin, kuten Al2O3. CNT-tukiaineelle pinnoitetuilla aktiivisilla aineilla (metalli-/metallioksidit) todettiin olevan pieni partikkelikoko (~2–5 nm) ja kapea partikkelikokojakauma. Sinkkioksidin (ZnO) lisäyksellä Ni/CNT-katalyytteihin saavutettiin korkea vetyselektiivisyys (~76 %) ja erittäin alhainen hiilimoksidiselektiivisyys (<1 %). Etanolin todettiin olevan parempi vedyn raaka-aine kuin glyserolin. Tiheillä Pd-Ag-kalvoilla havaittiin olevan vedyn suhteen korkeampi selektiivisyys mutta matalampi vuo verrattuna palladiumkomposiittikalvoihin. Membraanireaktorin suorituskyky oli riippuvainen myös katalyytin aktiivisuudesta, joten sekä kalvolla että katalyyttimateriaalilla oli merkittävä rooli kyseisessä reaktorirakenteessa. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että membraanierotukseen perustuva reformointiyksikkö on huomattavasti perinteistä reformeriyksikköä suorituskykyisempi mahdollistaen tehokkaan teknologian puhtaan vedyn tuottamiseksi. Membraanitekniikalla tuotettua puhdasta vetyä voidaan hyödyntää mm. polttokennojen polttoaineena
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Jones, Martin Richard. "Feasibility studies of the exhaust-gas reforming of hydrocarbon and alcohol fuels." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1992. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1414/.

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The feasibility of a proposed exhaust-gas reforming process, as applied to hydrocarbon and alcohol spark-ignition engine fuels, has been studied. In the first instance, a theoretical approach is reported. Complex chemical equilibria and energy balance software has been developed, and used to simulate exhaust-gas reforming reactions for n-heptane and methanol feedstocks. Engine combustion of reformed fuel compositions thus predicted has then been modelled by means of in-house developed cycle analysis software. An important preliminary part of the cycle simulation exercise was the calculation of reformed fuel laminar flame speed, and hence heat-release duration and commencement values. The results of the simulations have enabled comparisons of predicted engine thermal efficiency and pollutant emission levels for reformed and conventional fuelling strategies. Conclusions of the theoretical studies were sufficiently encouraging to warrant a practical investigation, and hence the design, construction and commissioning of a prototype reforming reactor and test rig are described. A test programme was then conducted, in order that the effect of various relevant parameters on reformer performance could be established. The findings of this study were encouraging in terms of the fuel compositions which could be produced, and in the case of an n-heptane feedstock, results were found to correlate well with those of the earlier predictive work. Major limitations highlighted by the practical work, however, relate to high reformer temperature requirements, and low reformed fuel generation rates. The findings of the studies are drawn together in a discussion of the practical feasibility of a vehicle installation, and project conclusions.
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Roberts, Justo. "Energetic Analysis of Hydrogen Production in a Sugar-Ethanol Plant." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41260.

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In the present work it is evaluated the possibility of incorporating the production of hydrogen through the steam reforming of ethanol in a sugar-alcohol plant. The analysis is made using as a model an existing plant located in São Paulo, the Pioneros Distillery. An energetic and exergetic analysis is performed. Three operating scenarios were analyzed. In the first configuration the plant only generates electricity to supply its internal needs. In a second scenario the plant uses all the bagasse to generate electricity, targeting to sell electric power. Finally it was considered the possibility to incorporate the hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming. The capacity of the plant to produce hydrogen is evaluated. The surplus bagasse is used to generate the electricity and thermal energy required for hydrogen production. A part of the anhydrous alcohol is used in the reformer for hydrogen production. An energetic study of the plant is developed based on the first law of thermodynamics. Some important parameters related to the thermal system performance are evaluated like: steam consumption in the process, specific consumption of steam turbines; and those properly related to plants of sugar-ethanol sector as: electrical or mechanical power generated from one ton of sugarcane and power generated from a given amount of bagasse burned in the boiler. It is considered the possibility of generating electricity using bagasse, which could be sold to the local energy concessionaire. Characteristic parameters of a cogeneration system (α and β) are also evaluated, these parameters depend on the characteristics of the thermodynamic system and the operating strategy. The system energy losses, excluding those located in the boiler and the electric generator, are higher in scenario 2 than in scenario 1. The efficiency is 70% in Scenario 1 and 57% in scenario 2. In scenario 3, the plant's potential for hydrogen generation is 4,467,000Nm3/year (951Nm3/h). To achieve this, the new process uses 7 % of the anhydrous ethanol produced in the plant, which implies a surplus of 37 lethanolanhydro/tcane available for sale. In this configuration all the bagasse is used for electricity and heat generation required for the hydrogen production. The hydrogen could be used for fuel cell vehicles. The plant is able to supply 68 buses with autonomy of 200 to 300 km per day. The incorporation of the hydrogen production process by steam reforming represents an attractive alternative to the sugar-alcohol sector.
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Colombaroli, Tulio. "Ecological and Exergetic analysis of Hydrogen Production in a Sugar-Ethanol Plant." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41809.

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This work aims an ecological and exergetic analysis of the hydrogen production by steam reforming of part of the ethanol produced in a sugar-ethanol plant. The Pioneiros Distillery, located in São Paulo, is used as model for this study. Three cases are described. In case 1 the plant produces energy only for domestic needs. A part of bagasse is not burned and it is stored. In Case 2, all available bagasse is used for production of steam. Part of the steam is used in the production process meeting the demand of the plant and the rest of steam is converted into electrical energy that can be sold at concessionaires. In Case 2 it is produced more energy than in Case 1. Case 3 includes the production of hydrogen by steam reforming of a part of the produced ethanol. Steam and energy for steam reforming is generated from combustion of bagasse. An exergetic analysis is performed. The exergy flows associated with the sugar-ethanol plant are calculated locating and quantifying the losses and irreversibility.  The ecological impact of use of the bagasse as fuel to generate thermal and electrical energy for the ethanol reformer was studied. The main pollutants that damage the atmosphere, namely: CO, CO2, NOx and PM have been taking into account. Carbon Dioxide emissions were calculated taking into account the carbon cycle (considering the absorption of carbon dioxide by the sugarcane during its growth), resulting in negative balance emissions, i.e., carbon dioxide was absorbed in higher amounts than emitted. The thermodynamics (ηsystem) and ecological (ε) efficiencies of Steam reforming of ethanol were calculated. The thermodynamic efficiency was 56% and the ecological efficiency was 80%. When the carbon cycle is taking into account the ecological efficiency is 90%. The incorporation of an ethanol reformer in a sugar-ethanol plant for hydrogen production is a very interesting option where environmental benefits are obtained. Problems related with the storage of bagasse are avoided because all the bagasse is burned for the production of steam and energy to the reformer. The amount of hydrogen that can be produced in Pioneiros Distillery could supply fuel for 68 buses with a range from 200 to 300 km per day.
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Walenta, Constantin Alexander [Verfasser], Ulrich K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Heiz, Ulrich K. [Gutachter] Heiz, Martin [Gutachter] Stutzmann, and Bettina V. [Gutachter] Lotsch. "Mechanistic Studies on Thermal and Photocatalytic Alcohol Reforming on Semiconductors and Metal Cluster-Semiconductor Hybrid Materials / Constantin Alexander Walenta ; Gutachter: Ulrich K. Heiz, Martin Stutzmann, Bettina V. Lotsch ; Betreuer: Ulrich K. Heiz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156713579/34.

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Ferreira, Nuno Ricardo Casal. "Hydrogen from bio-alcohols : an efficient route for hydrogen production via novel reforming catalysts." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/59747.

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Ferreira, Nuno Ricardo Casal. "Hydrogen from bio-alcohols : an efficient route for hydrogen production via novel reforming catalysts." Dissertação, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/59747.

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Liao, Yi-Kai, and 廖翊凱. "Investigation of the effects of metals, oxides, operational conditions on the steam reforming of alcohols." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72352261913044544058.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
化學系
100
In this thesis, we systematically examine the oxidative steam reforming of ethanol (OSRE) on 10 metals (Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt and Au) on three oxide supports (Al2O3, CeO2 and Dy-doped BaZrO3) at various operational conditions with different Ethanol to O2 and to H2O ratios to elucidate the effects from catalysts and reagents on the catalytic performance for the better understanding of reaction mechanism. In the effect of catalysts, we found that Cu, Ag and Au can help for the oxidation of ethanol, Co, Ni, Pd and Pt favor dehydration of ethanol and Ru, Rh and Ir will help C-C bond cleavage and produce mainly CO and CO2 with the highest hydrogen yield. For the supports, the boiled Al2O3 with higher surface area and more porocity shows better OSRE performance and un-boiled Al2O3. CeO2 and Dy-doped BaZrO3, on the other hand, improve the OSRE result by their oxygen vacancy. In the effect of catalytic condition, higher O2 and H2O to ethanol ratios can also enhance the hydrogen production, attributable to that these oxidants can help for the C-C bond cleavage for the full oxidation of ethanol based on the side-product analysis. Further more, this enhancement can be amplified on the CeO2 and Dy-doped BaZrO3, attributable to the interaction between these oxidants and oxygen vacancy.
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Books on the topic "Alcohols reforming"

1

Leclerc, S. Evaluation of the catalytic ethanol-steam reforming process as a source of hydrogen-rich gas for fuel cells. Ottawa, Ont: CANMET Energy Technology Centre, 1998.

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Jones, Martin Richard. Feasibility studies of the exhaust-gas reforming of hydrocarbon and alcohol fuels. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, FIrearms, and Explosives (BATFE): Reforming licensing and enforcement authorities : hearing before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, March 28, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alcohols reforming"

1

Lee, Dae Hoon. "Plasma-Catalytic Reforming of Alcohols." In Plasma Catalysis, 309–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05189-1_10.

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Linares, José J., Carolina C. Vieira, João B. Costa Santos, Monah M. Magalhães, Jonathan R. N. dos Santos, Leandro L. Carvalho, Renan G. C. S. dos Reis, and Flávio Colmati. "Chapter 4. Electrochemical Reforming of Alcohols." In Electrochemical Methods for Hydrogen Production, 94–135. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016049-00094.

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Epron, Florence, Nicolas Bion, Daniel Duprez, and Catherine Batiot-Dupeyrat. "Steam Reforming of Alcohols from Biomass Conversion for H2Production." In Perovskites and Related Mixed Oxides, 539–58. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527686605.ch24.

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Miller, Hamish Andrew, Francesco Vizza, and Paolo Fornasiero. "Coproduction of Hydrogen and Chemicals by Electrochemical Reforming of Biomass-Derived Alcohols." In Nanotechnology in Catalysis, 961–78. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527699827.ch36.

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Frusteri, F., and G. Bonura. "Hydrogen production by reforming of bio-alcohols." In Compendium of Hydrogen Energy, 109–36. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78242-361-4.00005-4.

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Liu, Zongyuan, Sanjaya D. Senanayake, and José A. Rodriguez. "Catalysts for the Steam Reforming of Ethanol and Other Alcohols." In Ethanol, 133–58. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811458-2.00005-5.

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Abrokwah, Richard Y., William Dade, Sri Lanka Owen, Vishwanath Deshmane, Mahbubur Rahman, and Debasish Kuila. "Effects of Mesoporous Supports and Metals on Steam Reforming of Alcohols." In Fuel Processing and Energy Utilization, 93–108. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429489594-6.

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Iruretagoyena, Diana, Nixon Sunny, Ehecatl A. del Rio-Chanona, David Chadwick, Niall Mac Dowell, and Nilay Shah. "Towards a low carbon economy via sorptionenhanced water gas shift and alcohol reforming." In 13th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering (PSE 2018), 1729–34. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-64241-7.50283-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alcohols reforming"

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Samanta, I., R. K. Shah, and A. Wagner. "Fuel Processing for Fuel Cell Applications." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2515.

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At its essence, a fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to form electricity, heat, and water. The source of this hydrogen may be from natural gas, coal, gasoline, diesel, alcohols, or natural decomposition products. Pure hydrogen is the ideal fuel, but it needs to be obtained by processing fossil fuels (natural gas, gasoline, diesel, oil, coal, etc.), biofuels (e.g., landfill gas, anaerobic digester gas, etc.), or chemical intermediates, or must be produced via renewable energy sources through electrolysis of water. Currently pure hydrogen is produced cryogenically at both a great energy and fiscal expense. In this paper, we cover all important fuel reforming processes for generating hydrogen for fuel cells and then discuss the associated reformers. The common techniques utilized for external fuel reforming processes are steam reforming, partial oxidation and autothermal reforming. For high temperature fuel cells, direct and indirect internal reforming techniques are used and will be discussed. The methods for reforming of chemical intermediates (alcohol and ammonia), reforming of bio-fuels and aviation fuels are also discussed in this paper. For low temperature fuel cells such as PEM, carbon monoxide is a poison that adversely affects fuel cell performance. The CO content must be reduced to below 100 ppm. This is accomplished by use of the water-gas shift reaction, preferential oxidation, methanation, or may be accomplished by membrane separation techniques. Special emphasis in this paper will be the challenges and opportunities in fuel processing for fuel cells.
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Freni, S., F. Frusteri, N. Mondello, V. Chiodo, S. Siracusano, and D. Nevoso. "Technological Aspects of Ethanol Steam Reforming Processors for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97250.

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Bioethanol, obtained by biomass fermentation, could be an important hydrogen supplier as a renewable source. The availability of active, selective and stable catalyst for bioethanol steam reforming is a key point for the development of processes suitable to this purpose. In this work, the performance of different supported catalysts in the steam reforming of bioethanol at molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) operative condition has been focused and a decreasing activity has been related to the formation of carbon. Furthermore catalytic behaviour of a Ni supported catalyst has been tested under reforming condition both distillation industry’s waste and ethanol-water mixture. Results revealed that, superior alcohols (fusel oil) arising from the distillation process influence carbon formation and the presence of oxygen (ATR condition) preserves the catalyst activity which otherwise significantly deactivate mainly due to the carbon formation.
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Buck, Gregory A., and Hiroyuki Obara. "Numerical Simulation of an Axisymmetric Ethanol Reforming Reactor for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Applications." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97276.

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Hydrogen fuel cell technology is currently capable of providing adequate power for a wide range of stationary and mobile applications. Nonetheless, the sustainability of this technology rests upon the production of hydrogen from renewable resources. Among the techniques under current study, the chemical reforming of alcohols and other bio-hydrocarbon fuels, appears to offer great promise. In the so called autothermal reforming process, a suitable combination of total and partial oxidation supports hydrogen production from ethanol with no external addition of energy required. Furthermore, the autothermal reforming process conducted in a well insulated reactor, produces temperatures that promote additional hydrogen production through the endothermic steam reforming and the water-gas shift reactions, which may be catalyzed or uncatalyzed, with the added benefit of lowered carbon monoxide concentrations. In this study, an adiabatic ethanol reforming reactor was simulated assuming the reactants to be air (21% O2 and 79% N2) and ethanol (C2H5OH) and the products to be H2O, CO2, CO and H2, with all constituents taken to be in the gaseous state. The air was introduced uniformly through a ring around the side of the reactor and the gaseous ethanol was injected into the center of one end, with products withdrawn from the center of the opposite end, to create an axisymmetric flow field. The gas flows within the reactor were assumed to be turbulent, and the chemical kinetics of a simple four reaction system was assumed to be controlled by turbulent mixing processes. Air and fuel flow rates into the reactor were varied to obtain six different levels of oxidation (air-fuel ratios) while maintaining the same total gaseous mass flow out of the reactor. The numerical results for the reacting flow show that hydrogen production is maximized when the air-fuel ratio on a mass basis is held at approximately 2.8. These findings are in qualitative agreement with observations from previous experimental studies.
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Krumpelt, Michael, Theodore R. Krause, and John P. Kopasz. "Fuel Processing for Mobile Fuel Cell Systems." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1700.

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Fuel cells may in the future compete with heat engines in automobiles and motor generators and with batteries in portable electronics. Hydrogen, either in compressed, cryogenic, or chemically stored form is a good fuel if the storage density can be improved. Alternatively, the hydrogen could be obtained by converting gasoline, alcohols or other liquid hydrocarbons into a hydrogen-rich gas in a fuel processor that is a component of the fuel cell system. Such processors will have to be small, light, and inexpensive, and will have to have rapid ramp-up and ramp-down capabilities to follow the power demands of the applications. Traditional steam reforming technology does not meet these requirements, but newly developed catalytic auto-thermal reformers do. The principles of operation and the status of the technology are discussed.
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Hotz, Nico. "Nano-Structured Catalytic Material for Solar-Powered Biofuel Reforming." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89729.

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The main goal of this project is to combine two renewable energy conversion technologies (low-temperature fuel cells and solarthermal collectors) to achieve synergies in terms of cost and energetic efficiency compared to systems based on a single energy source and energy conversion technology. Direct solar-to-electric energy conversion, such as photovoltaics, is currently not economically competitive with traditional electric power generation. Fuel cell technology using alcoholic fuel possibly generated from biomass (e.g. methanol) is not competitive in terms of costs either. The system proposed for this project is based on relatively cheap, commercially available hardware components (intermediate-temperature solar collector, pressurized gas tank, hydrogen-fed Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell) and benefits in terms of energetic efficiency from the cost-free supply of solar heat. By applying micro-fabrication technology and nano-scale structures (e.g. for catalytic surfaces), the efficiency of all individual system components and of the entire system can be increased drastically. The catalytic activity of micro-reactors containing this foam-like ceramic is tested in terms of their ability to convert alcoholic biofuel (e.g. methanol) to a hydrogen-rich gas mixture with low concentrations of carbon monoxide (up to 75% hydrogen content and less than 0.2% CO, for the case of methanol). This gas mixture is subsequently used in a low-temperature fuel cell, converting the hydrogen directly to electricity. A low concentration of CO is crucial to avoid poisoning of the fuel cell catalyst. Since conventional Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells require CO concentrations far below 100 ppm and since most methods to reduce the mole fraction of CO (such as Preferential Oxidation or PROX) have CO conversions of up to 99%, the alcohol fuel reformer has to achieve initial CO mole fractions significantly below 1%. The catalyst and the porous ceramic reactor of the present study can successfully fulfill this requirement.
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Hotz, Nico. "Micro- and Nano-Structured Catalytic Reactor for Biofuel Reforming in a Solar Collector." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91338.

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In this study, a novel flow-based method is presented to place catalytic nanoparticles into a reactor by solgelation of a porous ceramic consisting of copper-based nanoparticles, silica sand, ceramic binder, and a gelation agent. This method allows for the placement of a liquid precursor containing the catalyst into the final reactor geometry without the need of impregnating or coating of a substrate with the catalytic material. The so generated foam-like porous ceramic shows properties highly appropriate for use as catalytic reactor material, e.g., reasonable pressure drop due to its porosity, high thermal and catalytic stability, and excellent catalytic behavior. The catalytic activity of micro-reactors containing this foam-like ceramic is tested in terms of their ability to convert alcoholic biofuel (e.g. methanol) to a hydrogen-rich gas mixture with low concentrations of carbon monoxide (up to 75% hydrogen content and less than 0.2% CO, for the case of methanol). This gas mixture is subsequently used in a low-temperature fuel cell, converting the hydrogen directly to electricity. A low concentration of CO is crucial to avoid poisoning of the fuel cell catalyst. Since conventional Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells require CO concentrations far below 100 ppm and since most methods to reduce the mole fraction of CO (such as Preferential Oxidation or PROX) have CO conversions of up to 99%, the alcohol fuel reformer has to achieve initial CO mole fractions significantly below 1%. The catalyst and the porous ceramic reactor of the present study can successfully fulfill this requirement. The results of the present study confirm that product gas mixtures with up to 75% hydrogen content and less than 0.2% CO content can be achieved, which is an excellent result. The reactor temperature can be kept as low as 220°C while obtaining a methanol conversion of up to 70%. The used PROX catalyst showed selective CO conversion rates above 99.5% for temperatures between 80 and 100°C in presence of large molar fractions of H2O and CO2.
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Omari, Ahmad, Michael Shapiro, and Leonid Tartakovsky. "Laminar Burning Velocity of Alcohol Reforming Products and Effects of Cellularity on Flame Propagation." In SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0775.

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Klymanska, Larysa. "DISCOURSE OF ALCOHOL ADVERTISING IN THE MODERN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY." In International Scientific and Practical Conference “Partnerships for Social Change: 20 Years of Experience”, Devoted to the 20th Anniversary of Canada-Ukraine “Reforming Social Services” Project (1999-2003). NDSAN (MFC - coordinator of the NDSAN), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/pscproceedings.issue-2019.lk.8.

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Kim, Taegyu, Dae Hoon Lee, Cheonho Yoon, Dae-Eun Park, Sejin Kwon, and Euisik Yoon. "Preparation, Coating and Patterning of Cu-Based Catalyst for Methanol Steam Reforming by Micro Fuel Reformer." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74057.

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Recent increase in need for a portable power source drives research on micro fuel cell and micro fuel reformer as a key component of micro power generation system. Various concept of reforming system is proposed and has been studied. As an attempt to develop wafer based micro reforming system, preparation, coating, and patterning of Cu-based catalysts for methanol steam reforming for micro fuel reformer are presented. Preliminary step to develop MEMS based micro fuel reformer is carried. As a first step, Cu-based catalysts are prepared by co-precipitation method. The effect of precipitation condition on physical characteristics and catalytic activity of the catalyst such as particle size, conversion rate and quality of coating on substrate are reported. And then coating processes of prepared catalysts on glass and silicon wafer are developed. A uniform and robust catalyst layer is obtained. The amount of coated catalyst on unit area of wafer is measured to be 5∼8 mg/cm2, and the thickness of catalyst layer is about 50μm. By multiple coating processes, catalyst thickness can be controlled and up to 15mg/cm2 is obtained that has good reactivity. After then, patterning of coated catalyst layer is reported. Deposited catalyst layer is patterned by way of lift-off process of PVA (Poly-Vinyl Alcohol), organic sacrificial layer, by heating the substrate instead of etching a sacrificial layer. With the results aforementioned on catalyst preparation, coating, and patterning, a prototype micro catalytic reactor for micro fuel reformer is fabricated with MEMS technology. The fabrication process includes wet anisotropic etching of photosensitive glass wafer, coating/patterning of catalyst and bonding of layers. Next step that is challenging part of development of micro reformer is to find a way to overcome the effect of heat loss that lowers the conversion rate of reforming process and to achieve fast kinetics for reduction of the device scale. We are pursuing further optimization of structural design to improve conversion efficiency and to obtain fast kinetics.
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Real, Daniel, and Nico Hotz. "Novel Non-Concentrated Solar Collector for Solar-Powered Chemical Reactions." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18382.

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The purpose of this study is the proof that non-concentrating solar-thermal collectors can supply the thermal energy needed to power endothermic chemical reactions such as steam reforming of alcoholic (bio-) fuels. Traditional steam reformers require the combustion of up to 50% of the primary fuel to enable the endothermic reforming reaction. Our goal is to use a selective solar absorber coating on top of a collector-reactor surrounded by vacuum insulation. For methanol reforming, a reaction temperature of 220–250°C is required for effective methanol-to-hydrogen conversion. A multilayer absorber coating (TiNOX) is used, as well as a turbomolecular pump to reach ultra-high. The collector-reactor is made of copper tubes and plates and a Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst is integrated in a porous ceramic structure towards the end of the reactor tube. The device is tested under 1000 W/m2 solar irradiation (using an ABB class solar simulator, air mass 1.5). Numerical and experimental results show that convective and conductive heat losses are eliminated at vacuum pressures of <10−4 Torr. By reducing radiative losses through chemical polishing of the non-absorbing surfaces, the methanol-water mixture can be effectively heated to 240–250°C and converted to hydrogen-rich gas mixture. For liquid methanol-water inlet flow rates up to 1 ml/min per m2 of solar collector area can be converted to hydrogen with a methanol conversion rate above 90%. This study will present the design and fabrication of the solar collector-reactor, its testing and optimization, and its integration into an entire hydrogen-fed Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell system.
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Reports on the topic "Alcohols reforming"

1

Randy Cortright. Hydrogen Generation from Biomass-Derived Surgar Alcohols via the Aqueous-Phase Carbohydrate Reforming (ACR) Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885342.

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