Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alcohols

Academic literature on the topic 'Alcohols'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Alcohols"

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Karkoulias, Kiriakos, Haralampos Tsitsaras, Dimitrios Patouchas, Fotis Sampsonas, Dimostenis Likouras, Alexander Kaparianos, and Kostas Spiropoulos. "The alcoholic lung disease: Historical background and clinical features." Medicina 44, no. 9 (October 22, 2007): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44090084.

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The purpose of this review article is to prove the damage that alcohol causes to the respiratory system. We will make a brief review of alcohols history in the course of the centuries till nowadays. The problem of addiction to alcohol (alcoholism) will be examined for several countries. Alcohol’s metabolism is another topic to be discussed parallel to its pharmacological action. In addition, alcohol’s impact on the respiratory system varies from damaging the mucociliary system to the regulation of breathing and from the sleep apnea syndrome to diffusion disorders. “Alcoholic lung disease” constitutes a syndrome despite the fact that the damage of the lung due to concurrent smoking and drug use is often indistinguishable.
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Solodun, Yuriy, Yulia Monakhova, Thomas Kuballa, Andriy Samokhvalov, Jürgen Rehm, and Dirk Lachenmeier. "Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risks." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-011-0030-x.

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Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risksIn 2005, 30% of all alcohol consumption in Russia was unrecorded. This paper describes the chemical composition of unrecorded and low cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation. Alcohol products (n=22) from both recorded and unrecorded sources were obtained from three Russian cities (Saratov, Lipetsk and Irkutsk) and were chemically analyzed. Unrecorded alcohols included homemade samogons, medicinal alcohols and surrogate alcohols. Analysis included alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). Single samples showed contamination with DEP (275-1269 mg/l) and PHMG (515 mg/l) above levels of toxicological concern. Our detailed chemical analysis of Russian alcohols showed that the composition of vodka, samogon and medicinal alcohols generally did not raise major public health concerns other than for ethanol. It was shown, however, that concentration levels of DEP and PHMG in some surrogate alcohols make these samples unfit for human consumption as even moderate drinking would exceed acceptable daily intakes.
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Florido-Barba, Antonio, Gustavo Cordero-Bueso, and Jesús Manuel Cantoral. "Alcoholes no vínicos para la mejora del desarrollo del velo de flor y de las características sensoriales de los vinos Finos de la D.O. Jerez-Xérèz-Sherry." BIO Web of Conferences 68 (2023): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236802011.

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Abstract The wines produced in the Jerez-Xérès-Sherry Designation of Origin fall within the category of Fortified Wines, according to Regulation 1308/2013 of the European Parliament, which stipulates that they must be exclusively fortified with wine alcohol, with an acquired alcoholic strength between 95.0% and 96.0%. However, there are other alternative alcohols whose behavior is unknown but could be equally effective in the development of biological aging, with an impact on the final product quality and lower economic costs. This study examines the effect of using malt alcohols, grape pomace, agave, sugarcane, and cereal alcohols, as well as wine alcohols obtained through different distillation methods and at varying alcohol concentrations, for fortifying wines subjected to biological aging. The development of the "flor" yeast veil will be evaluated under each aging condition and isolated and characterized using molecular techniques. Additionally, the base wine fortified with the different alcohols will be monitored and analyzed both physicochemically and organoleptically.
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Wang, Ya-Ping, Lin Liu, Xue-Shan Wang, Kun-Qiang Hong, Li-Hua Zhang, Zhong-Guan Sun, and Dong-Guang Xiao. "GAT1 Gene, the GATA Transcription Activator, Regulates the Production of Higher Alcohol during Wheat Beer Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Bioengineering 8, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8050061.

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Uncoordinated carbon-nitrogen ratio in raw materials will lead to excessive contents of higher alcohols in alcoholic beverages. The effect of GAT1 gene, the GATA transcription activator, on higher alcohol biosynthesis was investigated to clarify the mechanism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulating higher alcohol metabolism under high concentrations of free amino nitrogen (FAN). The availability of FAN by strain SDT1K with a GAT1 double-copy deletion was 28.31% lower than that of parent strain S17, and the yield of higher alcohols was 33.91% lower. The transcript levels of the downstream target genes of GAT1 and higher alcohol production in the double-copy deletion mutant suggested that a part of the effect of GAT1 deletion on higher alcohol production was the downregulation of GAP1, ARO9, and ARO10. This study shows that GATA factors can effectively regulate the metabolism of higher alcohols in S. cerevisiae and provides valuable insights into higher alcohol biosynthesis, showing great significance for the wheat beer industry.
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Woo, Kang-Lyung. "Determination of Low MolecularWeight Alcohols Including Fusel Oil in Various Samples by Diethyl Ether Extraction and Capillary Gas Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 1419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.5.1419.

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Abstract Low molecular weight alcohols including fusel oil were determined using diethyl ether extraction and capillary gas chromatography. Twelve kinds of alcohols were successfully resolved on the HP-FFAP (polyethylene glycol) capillary column. The diethyl ether extraction method was very useful for the analysis of alcohols in alcoholic beverages and biological samples with excellent cleanliness of the resulting chromatograms and high sensitivity compared to the direct injection method. Calibration graphs for all standard alcohols showed good linearity in the concentration range used, 0.001–2% (w/v) for all alcohols. Salting out effects were significant (p < 0.01) for the low molecular weight alcohols methanol, isopropanol, propanol, 2-butanol, n-butanol and ethanol, but not for the relatively high molecular weight alcohols amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, and heptanol. The coefficients of variation of the relative molar responses were less than 5% for all of the alcohols. The limits of detection and quantitation were 1–5 and 10–60 μg/L for the diethyl ether extraction method, and 10–50 and 100–350 g/L for the direct injection method, respectively. The retention times and relative retention times of standard alcohols were significantly shifted in the direct injection method when the injection volumes were changed, even with the same analysis conditions, but they were not influenced in the diethyl ether extraction method. The recoveries by the diethyl ether extraction method were greater than 95% for all samples and greater than 97% for biological samples.
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Gutierrez, L. E. "Effect of some vitamins and micronutrient deficiencies on the production of higher alcohols by Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Scientia Agricola 50, no. 3 (December 1993): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90161993000300024.

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A study was carried out in order to determine the effect of vitamins (biotin, thiamine, pantotheniic acid and pyridoxal) and micronutrient (zinc, boron, manganese and iron) deficiencies on higher alcohol production during alcoholic fermentation with the industrially used yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-300-A. Zinc deficiency induced a reduction on the levels of isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols. An increase on isobutyl alcohol (fivefold) and a reduction of isoamyl alcohol (two fold) and n-propyl alcohol (three fold) contents resulted from pantotheiiic acid deficiency, whereas pyridoxal deficiency caused an increase on the levels of isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols. Biotin was not essential for the growth of this strain.
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Maia, Amazile Biagioni, Lorena Simão Marinho, and David Lee Nelson. "On the role of higher alcohols in the characterization of cachaça." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): e8299109135. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.9135.

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There is a growing interest in chemical markers for the identification and certification of cachaça as a cane spirit produced in Brazil. It is known that the higher alcohols that are usually analyzed (propyl alcohol, Isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol) occur in all alcoholic beverages (fermented and distilled), but the relative proportions can vary markedly according to the peculiarities of the raw material and the production process. In this work, the contents of higher alcohols in 300 samples of alembic cachaça were compared, 220 from the state of Minas Gerais and 80 from other states, as well as three samples of industrial cachaça and 14 samples of whiskeys of various brands. The typical range of total higher alcohols in cachaça was 180-360 mg/100 mL ethanol. Cachaça containing higher alcohol concentrations greater than 360 mg/100 mL ethanol do not comply with Brazilian legislation. However, cachaças with higher alcohols concentrations below 180 mg/100 mL ethanol, as was found in one of the industrial cachaças, signify adulteration, for example, by mixing with fuel alcohol. The C4/C5 ratio varied less than the C3/C5 ratio, being consistently within the range of 0.20-0.50. In the whiskeys analyzed, the concentrations of higher alcohols were in the range of 160 and 270 mg/100 mL. Therefore, this parameter would not assist in differentiating between cachaça and whiskey. But the C4/C5 ratio was consistently different, being always greater than 0.50 for the whiskeys. Thus, the routine analysis of higher alcohols provides useful information both for tracking possible fraud and for assessments related to the identity or origin of cachaça.
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Gil, Artyom, Sergey Savchuk, Svetlana Appolonova, Andrey Allenov, and Ruslan Khalfin. "AVAILABILITY OF NON-BEVERAGE ALCOHOLS IN RUSSIA IN 2015-2020: WERE CONTROL POLICIES IMPLEMENTED SINCE 2005 EFFECTIVE?" Journal of Law, Public Policies, and Human Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 08–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/jlpphs.v02.n02.pgi.08.2021.

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Consumption of non-beverage alcohol is an important aspect of hazardous drinking, impacting mortality from various causes of death. Since 2005, non-beverage alcohols in Russia have been the subject of active regulation to control their consumption for drinking. This study was purported to determine whether non-beverage alcohols were available in Russia in 2015–2020 to assess the effectiveness of implemented control policies. During the first wave of the survey between 2015 and 2017, 50 Russian cities of various sizes, types, and locations were surveyed. The second wave was conducted between 2018 and 2020 in 5 cities, which were surveyed during the first wave. Fieldworkers visited various retail outlets and purchased samples of non-beverage alcohols: spirituous liquids with an ethanol content of at least 60% by volume sold at a price of less than 45 roubles per bottle ($0.57, €0.49, £0.44). Up until 2016 various types of non-beverage alcohols known as consumed for drinking were available in retail. The availability of these alcohols differed between cities depending on the level of local enforcement of control regulations. The regulations enacted in response to the 2016 Irkutsk outbreak of mass alcohol poisonings, caused by the consumption of methanol containing fake bath additive “Hawthorn”, removed from the market several types of non-beverage alcohols, significantly reducing their availability since 2017. However, low-cost ethanol sources, such as medicinal tinctures, antiseptics, not denatured eau-de-colognes, remained available in 2017-2020, while new sorts of cheap non-beverage alcohols suitable for drinking were introduced to the market (antiseptics for veterinary use, anti-SARS-CoV-2 hand sanitizers). Illegal alcoholic beverages commonly produced from diverted pharmaceutical/medicinal ethanol were also available in retail networks selling non-beverage alcohols. Since 2005, policies implemented and especially those reinforced and newly enacted in 2017 and later in response to the 2016 Irkutsk outbreak, may have indeed reduced the physical availability of non-beverage alcohols. However, more decisive action is still required to prevent consumption of newly appearing and existing specific sorts of non-beverage alcohols and illegal alcoholic beverages, which are commonly produced from the licit or diverted from the legal market unrecorded illicit pharmaceutical/medicinal ethanol.
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Wang, Bei, Liu Tao, Yu Cheng, Fang Yang, Yuguang Jin, Chunmei Zhou, Hao Yu, and Yanhui Yang. "Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Small Molecule Alcohols over Pt, Pd, and Au Catalysts: The Effect of Alcohol’s Hydrogen Bond Donation Ability and Molecular Structure Properties." Catalysts 9, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9040387.

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The direct alcohol fuel cell is a kind of power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy of small molecule alcohols into electric energy. In this paper, the electro-oxidation behaviors of some typical alcohols (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, n-propanol, 2-propanol, and glycerol) over Pt, Pd, and Au electrodes were investigated in acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, respectively. By analyzing the activity information from a cyclic voltammetry (CV) method and some dynamic tests, several regularities were revealed in those electro-oxidation behaviors. Firstly, alkaline media is the best for the electro-oxidation of all these alcohols over Pt, Pd, and Au catalysts. Secondly, the hydrogen bond donation abilities (HBD) of different alcohols were found have a great relationship with the catalytic performance. In alkaline media, on Pt electrodes, the solute HBD is positively correlated with the ease of electrooxidation within the scope of this experiment. Contrarily, it is negatively correlated on Pd and Au electrodes. Additionally, for Pt catalysts in acidic and neutral media, the relationship becomes negative again as the HBD increases. Finally, the alcohol’s molecular structure properties were found to have a remarkably influence on the activity of different catalysts. Over the Pt electrode in alkaline media, the activation energy of methanol oxidation is 44.1 KJ/mol, and is obviously lower than the oxidation of other alcohols. Under similar conditions, the lowest activation energy was measured in the oxidation of n-propanol (14.4 KJ/mol) over the Pd electrode, and in the oxidation of glycerol (42.2 KJ/mol) over the Au electrode. Totally, among all these electrodes, Pt electrodes showed the best activities on the oxidation of C1 alcohol, Pd electrodes were more active on the oxidation of C2-3 monobasic alcohols, and Au electrodes were more active on the oxidation of polybasic alcohols.
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Bakanov, Vyacheslav Vadimovich, Dmitriy Nikolaevich Vedernikov, and Lyubov Sergeevna Khabarova. "EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF SAPROTROPHIC MUSHROOMS LENTINULA EDODES AND PHOLIOTA SQUARROSA. HEAVY METAL CONTENT." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (October 22, 2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020037277.

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The article is devoted to comparing the chemical composition of extractive substances of the legs and caps of two types of saprotrophic fungi Lentinula edodes and Pholiota squarrosa. The content of metals: mercury, cadmium and iron in different parts of the mushrooms is compared in the article. The amount of substances recovered by various solvents is determined. The amount of ester-soluble substances is more found in caps than in stems. Water soluble substances are more extracted from P. squarrosa. Isopropyl alcohol extracts more substances from shiitake. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of neutral compounds, acids, and compounds of isopropanol extract was carried out by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Isopropyl alcohol mainly extracts disaccharides and sugar alcohols. It was revealed that the main sugar alcohols of L. edodes are mannitol and ribitol. Sugar alcohols content differs in different parts. Ribitol predominates in the stems. Shiitake caps contain mannitol and ribitol in equal amounts. Sugar alcohols are present in trace amounts in P. squarrosa, but trehalose (disaccharide) is the main component of the alcoholic extract. The compositions of fatty acids, sterols, carbohydrates and sugar alcohols in various parts of mushrooms were determined. Ergosterol predominates among sterols, while linoleic acid prevails among acids. Caps have a more diverse sterol composition. Both types of fungi contain polysaccharides consisting of glucose residues. It grows in P. squarrosa; mercury and cadmium accumulate in vivo. Wood-based shiitake grown in a greenhouse contains almost no mercury and cadmium, but contains iron. The amount of cadmium and mercury in the caps is greater than the stems. Metals are not extracted with isopropyl alcohol and are practically not extracted with hot water.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alcohols"

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Sumer, Burak. "Synthesis Of 1,2-amino Alcohols Having Tertiary Alcohol Moiety." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607276/index.pdf.

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An applicable method for the racemic synthesis of 1,2-amino alcohols having tertiary alcohol moiety was developed. This method can be used as a general method for the synthesis of various 1,2-amino alcohols with various tertiary alcohol moieties by changing chloroacetone with different monohalo ketones, and with different aryl halides or alkyl halides. The resultant racemic 1,2-aminoe alcohols were tried to resolve by using various hydrolase type enzymes under different conditions by changing the parameters i.e. solvent, temperature and substrate: enzyme ratios. Finally, poorly resolved amino alcohol 20 with 21 % was used as chiral ligand in diethyl zinc reaction to benzaldhyde and afforded (R)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol almost with 21 % e.e..
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Barroca, Pedro José Pereira Marques. "Alcohol oxidase enzymes for the deracemization of secondary alcohols." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427019.

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Cornmell, Robert Joseph. "Enantioselective alcohol oxidase enzymes for deracemisation of secondary alcohols." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406826.

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Leonard, Danièle. "Carbonylation of unsaturated alcohols." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4716.

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Mounzer, Hamza. "Heterogeneous oxidation of alcohols." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/387/.

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The selective oxidation of alcohols is one of the most challenging reactions in green chemistry. While the current chemical industry uses organic and inorganic oxidants to produce carbonyl compounds, it is highly desirable to use a heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient oxidation of alcohols. The present research is focused on increasing the activity and selectivity towards the corresponding carbonyl of the heterogeneous oxidation for alcohols. The low activity of 5 wt.%Pt-1 wt. %Bi/Carbon for the oxidation of 2-octanol was investigated in a 500ml stirred tank reactor. The fast reaction rate drops dramatically from 0.23 M/hr to 0.006 M/hr after 15 minutes reaction time when heptane was used as solvent. Different possible causes such as overoxidation, leaching and poisoning were examined. It was found that the loss of high conversion rate was due to product adsorption and hence, different solvents were investigated. A mixture of 16-18% v/v dioxane in heptane was able to effectively regenerate active sites and allow a constant reaction rate of 0.07M/hr. The effects of temperature and pressure were also studied. Gas-liquid, liquid-solid and internal mass transfer effects were determined experimentally and semi-empirically. Six different Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate models were examined where a modified model based on Schuurman et al. (1992) was found to adequately describe the experimental data. The novel 2.5%Au-2.5%Pd/titania catalyst was investigated for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Different parameters such as catalyst oxidation state, pressure and stirrer design were studied to increase the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The selectivity was shown to be highly dependent on the oxygen concentration. Therefore, the pressure, temperature, catalyst treatment were optimised and the reactor configuration was re-designed to enhance oxygen transport to the catalyst. While the conversion rate was unaffected by the oxygen concentration, the catalyst pre-treatment significantly increased the reaction rate. Eventually, the use of a Rushton Turbine at 20 rps with a shower disc sparger and a treated catalyst allowed the selectivity to reach 93%. The reaction could be described with a Power Law model satisfactorily. Transition Metal Oxide catalysts such as \(AgO/ SiO_2, Fe_2O_3/SiO_2, CuO/SiO_2\) and \(CuO/Al_2O_3\) were investigated as an alternative to the expensive noble metal based catalyst. However, it was shown that such catalysts are ineffective for the oxidation of different alcohols by studying the effects of different engineering parameters. The maximum conversion reached was 15% with calcined copper oxide catalyst for 1-octanol oxidation.
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Nieuwoudt, Traute. "The separation of alcohols." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53172.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pure primary alcohols are very valuable as raw materials and solvents. Close-boiling alcohol mixtures are produced as byproducts from the Fischer Tropsch synthesis. These byproducts include the mixtures 1-butanol+2- penta noI and 1-pentanol+2-hexanol. Due to the small difference in boiling points these alcohols cannot be separated from one another by using conventional distillation. This study has been undertaken to determine whether primary and secondary alcohols may be separated by exploitation of their chemical properties. Esterification of the alcohols followed by distillation of the esters into cuts and hydrolyses of the esters, has been attempted to separate the alcohols. This however, was unsuccessful. In this study the difference in dehydration rate of secondary and primary alcohols in acidic media has also been investigated. Several acidic resins and liquid catalysts have been used. The acidic resins gave no dehydration or extremely low dehydration rates in the liquid phase. The liquid catalysts H2S04, Oxalic Acid, NaHS04 and H3P04 were investigated. H3P04 gave excellent results. Laboratory experiments were conducted at the boiling point of the reaction mixture at atmospheric pressure. The reaction mixture was sampled at varying time intervals and analysed. The secondary alcohol dehydrated rapidly to the corresponding alkene. The primary alcohol formed symmetrical ethers at a very low rate. The primary and secondary alcohol also combined to form small amounts of unsymmetrical ethers. After the dehydration reaction the organic products can be separated from the acid with a'short path distillation unit. The primary alcohol can further be purified by conventional distillation. Conceptual process designs were done for the separation and purification of the reactor product streams of the alcohol mixtures 1-butanol+2-pentanol and 1-pentanol+2-hexanol. n laboratory scale it was found that for the separation of 85% 1-butanol and 15% 2-pentanol (mass %), 90 % H3P04 (mass %) at an acid:alcohol ratio of 1,5: 1 results in suffcient dehydration of 2-pentanol. A reaction time of 70 minutes is required. A conceptual design on the purification of the 1-butanol predicted a product quality of 99,5 % 1-butanol (mass %) and a 1-butanol recovery of 75 %. The 1-butanol recovery is low, because a major part of the 1-butanol is lost in the purification as part of the ternary azeotrope with water and n-butylether. On laboratory scale it was also found that for the separation of 85 % 1- pentanol+15 % 2-hexanol (mass %),90 % H3P04 (mass %) at an acid:alcohol ratio of 1,5:1 gives sufficient dehydration of 2-hexanol. A reaction time of only 35 minutes is required. A conceptual design on the purification of the 1- pentanol predicted a product quality of 99,9 % 1-pentanol and a 1-pentanol recovery of > 98 %. The 1-pentanol recovery is excellent, only the 1- pentanol that is converted to ethers is lost. In this study it has been proven that a dehydration separation process can be applied successfully to remove secondary alcohols from a primary+secondary alcohol mixture. Especially the removal of 2-hexanol from a 1-pentanol+2- hexanol mixture gave promising results. In order to assess the economic viability of this dehydration process an economic evaluation should be done. This could be part of subsequent studies. The dehydration separation process should be investigated further. It is believed that this dehydration separation process can be expanded to higher alcohols, e.g. 1-hexanol+2-heptanol. It would be extremely advantageous if a solid catalyst could be found for the separation. In this case the recovery of the organics from the reaction mixture would be very much easier. If a solid catatyst is not found, a continuous process using H3P04 as liquid catalyst should be developed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suiwer primêre alkohole is baie waardevolle rou materiale en oplosmiddels. Alkohol mengsels, wat uit naby-kokende alkohole bestaan, word as neweprodukte in die Fischer Tropsch Sintese gevorm. Hierdie newe-produkte sluit alkohol mengsels soos 1-butanol+2-pentanol en 1-pentanol+2-hexanol in. Weens die klein verskil in kookpunte van hierdie alkohole kan die alkohole nie met konvensionele distillasie van mekaar geskei word nie. Hierdie studie is onderneem om te bepaal of die chemiese eienskappe van alkohole benut kan word om primêre en sekondêre alkohole van mekaar te skei. 'n Poging is aangewend om die alkohole met behulp van esterifikasie te skei. Die alkohole is eers ge-esterifiseer, daarna met behulp van distillasie in verskeie snitte verdeel en die alkohol is vrygestel deur hidrolise van die esters. Dit was egter onsuksesvol. Die verskil in dehidrasie tempo van sekondêre en primêre alkohole in suur mediums is ook ondersoek. Verskeie suur harse en vloeibare kataliste is ondersoek. Die suur .harse het of geen dehidrasie of baie lae dehidrasie tempo's in die vloeistoffase gegee. Die vloeistof kataliste H2S04, Oksaalsuur, NaHS04 en H3P04 is ondersoek. H3P04 het uitstekende resultate gelewer. Eksperimente is op laboratoriumskaal en onder atmosferiese druk uitgevoer. Monsters is van die reaksiemengsels by verskillende tydsintervalle geneem en geanaliseer. Die sekondêre alkohol het vinnig na die ooreenstemmende alkeen gedehidreer. Die primêre alkohole het simmetriese eters teen 'n lae tempo gevorm. Die primêre en sekondêre alkohole het ook gekombineer om gemengde eters te vorm. Kort-pad-distillasie kan gebruik word om na die dehidrase reaksie die organiese produkte van die suur te verwyder. Die primêre alkohole kan verder met konvensionele distillasie gesuiwer word. Konseptueie prosesontwerpe is uitgevoer vir die skeiding en suiwering van die alkohol mengsels 1-butanol+2-pentanol en 1-pentanol+2-hexanol nadat dehidrasie van die mengsels uitgevoer is. Op laboratoriumskaal is dit gevind dat vir die skeiding van 85% 1-butanol en 15% 2-pentanol (massa %), 90 % H3P04 (massa %) met 'n suur:alkohol verhouding van 1,5:1 effektiewe dehidrase van 2-pentanol lewer. fn Reaksietyd van 70 minute word benodig. fn Konseptueie ontwerp vir die suiwering van die 1-butanol het fn produkkwaliteit van 99,5 % 1-butanol (massa %) en fn 1-butanol opbrengs van 75 % voorspel. Die 1-butanol opbrengs is laag aangesien fn groot deel van die 1-butanol verlore gaan as deel van die ternêre azeotroop wat 1-butanol met n-butieleter en water vorm. Dit is ook op laboratoriumskaal vasgestel dat vir die skeiding van 85 % 1- pentanol+15 % 2-hexanol (massa %), 90 % H3P04 (massa %) met fn suur:alkohol verhouding van 1,5:1 effektiewe dehidrase van 2-hexanollewer. fn Reaksietyd van slegs 35 minute word benodig. fn Konseptueie ontwerp vir die suiwering van die 1-pentanol het fn produkkwaliteit van 99,9 % 1-pentanol en fn 1-pentanol opbrengs van > 98 % voorspel. Die 1-pentanol opbrengs is uitstekend, en slegs die 1-pentanol wat omgeskakel word na eters gaan verlore. In hierdie studie is dit bewys dat fn dehidrasie skeidingsproses suksevol aangewend kan word om sekondêre alkohole uit fn primêre+sekondêre alkohol mengsel te verwyder. Veral die verwydering van 2-hexanol uit fn 1- pentanol+2-hexanol mengsel het belowende resultate gelewer. Om die ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid van so fn skeidingsproses te bepaal moet fn ekonomiese evaluasie van die proses gedoen word. Dit behoort deel van verdere studies te vorm. Die dehidrasie skeidingsproses behoort verder ondersoek te word. Dit word verwag dat die proses na hoër alkohol mengsels, bv. 1-hexanol+2-heptanol uitgebrei kan word. Dit sou baie voordelig wees indien fn geskikte soliede katalis vir die skeiding gevind word. In so fn geval sou die herwinning van die organiese produkte van die reaksiemengsel baie makliker wees. Indien fn soliede katalis nie gevind word nie, behoort fn kontinu proses waarin H3P04 as vloeistof katalis gebruik word, ontwikkel te word.
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Gao, Y. (Yun). "Synthesis and synthetic transformations of allylic alcohols, epoxy alcohols, and 1,2-cyclic sulfates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14588.

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García, Bofill Miquel. "Use of alcohol dehydrogenase and alcohol oxidase to convert alcohols in two valuable products: chlorolactone and vanillin." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673116.

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Els enzims presenten una sèrie d’avantatges catalítiques respecte als catalitzadors químics emprats en síntesis química clàssica: especificitat, selectivitat i la possibilitat de treballar en condicions suaus de temperatura i pressió. No obstant, també presenten una sèrie de limitacions com són la baixa estabilitat i les baixes productivitats. En el present treball es combinen dues tècniques per tractar d’optimitzar les reaccions d’interès seleccionades: la immobilització i l’enginyeria de reacció. Les reaccions objectiu d’aquest treball són reaccions d’oxidoreducció centrades en la biosíntesis de molècules, de mitjà i alt valor afegit, d’alt interès industrial. En la primera part de la tesis s’ha utilitzat una alcohol deshidrogenasa (ADH99) per a la oxidació de l’alcohol chlorolactol a chlorolactona i una NAD(P)H oxidasa (NOX) com a sistema de regeneració del cofactor. La chlorolactona és un precursor per a la síntesis d’estatines les quals són fàrmacs utilitzats per a la reducció del LDL-colesterol ja que inhibeixen l’enzim encarregat de la seva biosíntesis. Ambdós enzims van ser immobilitzats eficientment en diferents suports, dels quals es van seleccionar els tres que van mostrar major activitat retinguda. Seguidament es va estudiar l’estabilitat dels derivats immobilitzats en condicions de reacció i es va determinar la càrrega enzimàtica màxim per a cada enzim. Es va descartar l’ús de la NOX immobilitzada ja que no es va millorar l’estabilitat amb cap suport. Posteriorment es van optimitzar les condicions de reacció amb un disseny experimental (DoE) amb l’ADH99 soluble però utilitzant la quantitat màxima d’ADH99 que es pot afegir a la reacció quan es fa servir el l’ADH99 immobilitzada en epoxy-agarosa-UAB M2. Finalment es va estudiar la capacitat de reutilització del derivat immobilitzat, on es va poder millorar 1.5 vegades tant el producte obtingut com el rendiment del biocatalitzador. No obstant, la millor configuració va resultar ser la utilització dels dos enzims en forma soluble. La segona part d’aquesta tesis es va centrar en la reacció d’oxidació de l’alcohol vainillínic a vanil·lina biocatalitzada per l’eugenol oxidasa (EUGO). La vanil·lina és la molècula que dona les propietats organolèptiques a la vainilla, el segon aromatitzant més car del món. La síntesi de vanil·lina via biotecnològica és d’un gran interès industrial ja que pot etiquetar-se com a natural. L’EUGO va ser immobilitzada eficientment en diferents suports dels que es van seleccionar els tres que van retenir més activitat i se’n van estudiar els mateixos paràmetres de l’apartat anterior. En aquest cas els tres derivats immobilitzats van ser utilitzats per a realitzar la reacció de síntesi, amb l’objectiu de seleccionar el més estable operacionalment. Tots els derivats van permetre ser reutilitzats 5 vegades conservant una elevada conversió en l’últim cicle. L’epoxy-agarosa-UAB M2 va ser el suport que millor estabilitat va mostrar. Els bons resultats obtinguts en el segon apartat d’aquest treball van permetre aprofundir en aquesta reacció. Pel que, en el tercer apartat, es va realitzar una optimització de les condicions de reacció des del punt de vista de millorar les mètriques del procés i també amb l’objectiu de fer el procés més sostenible ambientalment. A l’hora d’escollir les noves condicions de reacció es van tenir en compte l’activitat de la EUGO i la seva estabilitat. Ambdues condicions van ser testades en la reacció objectiu amb l’EUGO soluble i immobilitzada. En les noves condicions es va poder millorar la productivitat volumètrica 5.7 i 6.6 vegades respectivament, en comparació a les condicions prèvies. Finalment, en el reciclatge de l’enzim immobilitzat es van poder realitzar 5 cicles de reacció en les primeres condicions i 18 cicles de reacció en les noves condicions on es va poder millorar el rendiment del biocatalitzador 3.9 i 12.4 vegades respectivament.
Las enzimas presentan una serie de ventajas catalíticas respecto a los catalizadores químicos empleados en síntesis química clásica: especificidad, selectividad y la posibilidad de trabajar en condiciones suaves de temperatura y presión. No obstante, también presentan una serie de limitaciones como son la baja estabilidad y las bajas productividades. En el presente trabajo se combinan dos técnicas para tratar de optimizar las reacciones de interés seleccionadas: la inmovilización y la ingeniería de reacción. Las reacciones objetivo de este trabajo son reacciones de oxidoreducción centradas en la biosíntesis de moléculas, de medio y alto valor añadido, de alto interés industrial. En la primera parte de la tesis se ha utilizado una alcohol deshidrogenasa (ADH99) para la oxidación del alcohol chlorolactol a chlorolactona y una NAD(P)H oxidasa (NOX) como sistema de regeneración del cofactor. La chlorolactona es un precursor para la síntesis de estatinas las cuales son fármacos utilizados para la reducción del LDL-colesterol puesto que inhiben la enzima encargada de su biosíntesis. Ambas enzimas fueron inmovilizados eficientemente en diferentes soportes, de los cuales se seleccionaron los tres que mostraron mayor actividad retenida. Seguidamente se estudió la estabilidad de los derivados inmovilizados en condiciones de reacción y se determinó la carga enzimática máximo para cada enzima. Se descartó el uso de la NOX inmovilizada puesto que no se mejoró la estabilidad con ningún apoyo. Posteriormente se optimizaron las condiciones de reacción con un diseño experimental (DoE) con la ADH99 soluble pero utilizando la cantidad máxima de ADH99 que se puede añadir a la reacción cuando se usa la ADH99 inmovilizada en epoxy-agarosa-UAB M2. Finalmente se estudió la capacidad de reutilización del derivado inmovilizado, donde se pudo mejorar 1.5 veces tanto el producto obtenido como el rendimiento del biocatalizador. No obstante, la mejor configuración resultó ser la utilización de las dos enzimas en forma soluble. La segunda parte de esta tesis se centró en la reacción de oxidación del alcohol vanillínico a vanillina biocatalizada por la eugenol oxidasa (EUGO). La vanillina es la molécula que da las propiedades organolépticas a la vainilla, el segundo aromatizante más caro del mundo. La síntesis de vainillina vía biotecnológica es de un gran interés industrial puesto que puede etiquetarse como natural. La EUGO fue inmovilizada eficientemente en diferentes soportes de los que se seleccionaron los tres que retuvieron más actividad y se estudiaron los mismos parámetros que en el apartado anterior. En este caso los tres derivados inmovilizados fueron utilizados para realizar la reacción de síntesis, con el objetivo de seleccionar el más estable operacionalmente. Todos los derivados permitieron ser reutilizados 5 veces conservando una elevada conversión en el último ciclo. La epoxy-agarosa-UAB M2 fue el soporte que mejor estabilidad mostró. Los buenos resultados obtenidos en el segundo apartado de este trabajo permitieron profundizar en esta reacción. Por lo que, en el tercer apartado, se realizó una optimización de las condiciones de reacción desde el punto de vista de mejorar las métricas del proceso y también con el objetivo de hacer el proceso más sostenible ambientalmente. A la hora de escoger las nuevas condiciones de reacción se tuvieron en cuenta la actividad de la EUGO y su estabilidad. Ambas condiciones fueron testadas en la reacción diana con lo EUGO soluble e inmovilizada. En las nuevas condiciones se pudo mejorar la productividad volumétrica 5.7 y 6.6 veces respectivamente, en comparación a las condiciones previas. Finalmente, en el reciclaje de la enzima inmovilizada se pudieron realizar 5 ciclos de reacción en las primeras condiciones y 18 ciclos de reacción en las nuevas condiciones donde se pudo mejorar el rendimiento del biocatalitzador 3.9 y 12.4 veces respectivamente.
Enzymes have some catalytic advantages over chemical catalysts used in classical chemical synthesis: specificity, selectivity and the possibility to work under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. However, they also have some limitations such as low stability and low productivity. This work combines two techniques aiming to optimise the target reactions: immobilisation and reaction engineering. The target reactions of this work are redox reactions focused on the biosynthesis of molecules, of medium-high value, of industrial interest. In the first part of the thesis, an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH99) was used, with an NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) as a cofactor regeneration system, to oxidise a chlorolactol to chlorolactone. Chlorolactone is a precursor for the synthesis of statins which are drugs used to lower LDL-cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for its biosynthesis. Both enzymes were efficiently immobilised on different supports, selecting the three that showed the highest retained activity. The stability of the immobilised derivatives under reaction conditions was studied and the maximum enzyme load for each enzyme also was determined. The use of immobilised NOX was discarded because no stability improvements were achieved with any support. The reaction conditions were optimised by design of experiments (DoE), using soluble ADH99 added at maximum loading onto an epoxy-agarose support. Finally, the reusability of the immobilised enzyme was studied, where both the total product obtained and the biocatalyst yield could be improved 1.5-fold. However, the best configuration resulted from the use of the two enzymes in soluble form. The second part of this thesis was focused on the oxidation reaction of vanillyl alcohol to vanillin catalysed by eugenol oxidase (EUGO). Vanillin is the molecule that gives vanilla its organoleptic properties. Vanillin biotechnological synthesis is of high interest industrially because it is the second most expensive flavouring in the world and the product can be labelled as natural. Similar to the previous section, EUGO was efficiently immobilised onto different supports, selecting the three that retained most activity. These supports were used to study the stability of the immobilised enzyme and the maximum EUGO load that can be immobilised. In this case, the three immobilised derivatives were used to perform the target reaction, in order to select the most stable operationally. All immobilised derivatives could be reused 5 times maintaining a high conversion in the last cycle. Epoxy-agarose-UAB M2 was the support that showed the best stability, improving the biocatalyst yield 3-fold. The encouraging results obtained in the second section of this work allowed us to deepen the study of this reaction. Therefore, in the third section, an optimisation of the reaction conditions was carried out to improve the process metrics and also aiming to make the process more environmentally sustainable. The EUGO activity and its stability were taken into account to choose the reaction conditions. Both conditions, maximum activity and maximum stability, were tested in the target reaction with soluble and immobilised EUGO. Using the new conditions, it was possible to improve the volumetric productivity 5.7 and 6.6-fold respectively, compared to the previous conditions. Finally, the reusability of the immobilised EUGO allowed us to perform 5 reaction cycles and 18 reaction cycles, with unoptimised and optimised reaction conditions respectively. This resulted in an improvement of the biocatalyst yield of 3.9 and 12.4-fold, respectively, compared to reactions with soluble enzyme under the same conditions.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biotecnologia
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Kasprzak, Jakub [Verfasser]. "Alcohol dehydrogenases as biocatalysts for the production of enantiomerically pure chiral alcohols / Jakub Kasprzak." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1123167893/34.

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Palmer, Matthew Jon. "The stereoselective synthesis of alcohols." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263813.

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Books on the topic "Alcohols"

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Hall, K. R., and K. N. Marsh, eds. Densities of Alcohols. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b75928.

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Mudge, Stephen M. Fatty alcohols: Anthropogenic and natural occurrence in the environment. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2008.

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Palmer, Matthew Jon. The stereoselective synthesis of alcohols. [s.l.]: typescript, 1997.

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Susette, Khabbaz, and Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario., eds. Alcohol concentrations of liquid pharmaceuticals: A compilation of data for products distributed in Canada. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1990.

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Organization, World Health, ed. Lexicon of alcohol and drug terms. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1994.

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Reeves, R. R., and E. J. Lom. Blending of alcohols with diesel fuels. Vienna, Austria?]: United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 1986.

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Poitras, Michael S. Regulation of expression of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase in pseudomonas aeruginosa grown on different alcohols. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1996.

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Duffield, Melanie Lorraine. Biosynthesis of higher alcohols by brewing yeast. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Gribble, Nicholas Robert. Alcohols and other oxygenates in automotive fuels. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering, 1987.

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Munir, A. Alcohols recovery and purification by azeotropic distillation. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alcohols"

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Clugston, Michael, Malcolm Stewart, and Fabrice Birembaut. "Alcohols." In Making the Transition to University Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198757153.003.0021.

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This chapter focuses on alcohols (ROH) which have at least one hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom. Alcohols are known to undergo two reactions similar to the reactions of halogenoalkanes. Additionally, esters are formed through an alcohol's reaction to carboxylic acids. Alcohols also undergo oxidation reactions. The chapter explores the main manufacturing processes for ethanol which are fermentation and the direct hydration of ethene. It also considers the nucleophilic substitution and oxidation reactions of alcohols. The elimination reactions coincide with alcohol being dehydrated through heating with acid. However, conditions depend on the specific alcohol involved in the process as some of the alcohols could produce more than a single product.
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Zheng, Fuqin, Ziyun Su, and Wei Chen. "Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Alcohol Sensing." In Graphene-based Nanocomposite Sensors, 193–221. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837671847-00193.

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Alcohols, especially low molecular weight alcohols, are an important type of chemical resource applied widely in various fields, including alcoholic beverage applications, and their presence in atmospheric and water pollution has increased rapidly. In addition, as one of the major biomarkers, alcohols have also been used to diagnose health conditions. Therefore, it is urgent and important to develop effective sensors for accurate alcohol detection. Chemical sensors, including electrochemical sensors, chemiresistive sensors, optical sensors, etc., have attractive advantages for alcohol sensing, such as rapid response, high selectivity and sensitivity, portability, and low cost, and their sensing properties are closely related to the structures of sensing materials. Among the recently used materials, graphene has been considered as one of the promising sensing materials and substrates, especially in composites with enzymes, nanoparticles, metallic oxides, etc. Here, we outline the recent studies and ongoing efforts in alcohol detection by graphene-based nanocomposites using electrochemical, chemiresistive and optical sensing techniques.
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Porter, M. J. "Alkanols." In Alcohols, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-036-00002.

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Porter, M. J. "Oxidation of Alkanes." In Alcohols, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-036-00004.

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Porter, M. J. "Oxidation with Ozone." In Alcohols, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-036-00006.

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Porter, M. J. "Oxidation with Dioxiranes." In Alcohols, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-036-00007.

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Porter, M. J. "Oxidation with Peroxy Acids." In Alcohols, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-036-00009.

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Porter, M. J. "Oxidation with Fluorine." In Alcohols, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-036-00010.

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Porter, M. J. "Oxidation with Metal Porphyrins." In Alcohols, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-036-00011.

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Porter, M. J. "Oxidation with Ruthenium Compounds." In Alcohols, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-036-00012.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alcohols"

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Sousa, Gustavo Gomes de, and José Roberto dos Santos Politi. "ASPECTOS ENERGÉTICOS E ELETRÔNICOS DA ZEÓLITA H-ZSM-5 NA AÇÃO CATALÍTICA DA REAÇÃO DE DESIDRATAÇÃO DE ÁLCOOIS." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol202087.

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Due to the growth of ecological concerns and the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, the dehydration of alcohols by acid catalysis has been used for the production of various hydrocarbons. Inside this theme, the H-ZSM-5 zeolite has been widely used as a catalyst for this reaction because its high efficiency. Thus, in order to understand the catalyzed reaction mechanism of the alcohol dehydration reaction, this work used the computational methodology ONIOM to study the catalytic behavior of the H-ZSM-5. It was modeled the dehydration reaction process for several alcohols (ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and 2-butanol) by modeling these alcohols within the zeolite cavity. The study was divided into 3 stages: the adsorption and protonation of alcohols by zeolite, the description of the hydroxyl outlet, and the formation of the double bond. The analysis of the results indicates that the first stage of the reaction occurs with the contact of alcohol with the zeolite cavity, where acid hydrogen promotes the protonation of alcohols, occurring differently for each alcohol. The dehydration process occurs, preferably, via E2 type elimination mechanisms. However, the profile of the energy curves indicates that for larger alcohols, the mechanism is intermediate between the elimination mechanisms E2 with some features of E1 (E2[E1]). Therefore, the zeolite converts alcohols to hydrocarbons in a specific way. Primary, lower-chain alcohols follow E2 mechanism, while secondary and longer-chain alcohols react by a slightly different mechanism, namely E2[E1].
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Li, Xueying, Lei Hou, Chong Chai, and Sichen He. "Influence of Alcohol Additives on the Viscosity and Solubility of Ethanol/Diesel Fuel Blends: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study." In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-61884.

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Abstract The viscosity and solubility of ethanol/diesel fuel blends have an important influence on its application in diesel engines. Molecular dynamics simulation was employed to study the effects of different alcohol additives on the viscosity and solubility of the blends between diesel and anhydrous ethanol. Among these alcohols, n-butanol, n-heptanol and n-decanol were selected for investigating the influence of alcohol chain length on solubility and viscosity. The results showed that the viscosity of the blends increased with the increasing of alcohol carbon number. The analysis of diffusion coefficient represented that the alcohol additives enhanced the molecular mobility and activity, and energy analysis indicated that alcohols with higher carbon numbers provided a better inter-soluble capacity. Taking these factors into account, n-heptanol can be recommended as a co-solvent additive for ethanol/diesel system due to the acceptable fuel properties and soluble performance.
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Zheng, Xuan, Shirin Jouzdani, and Benjamin Akih-Kumgeh. "Auto Ignition Study of Methane and Bio Alcohol Fuel Blends." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91978.

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Abstract Methane (CH4) and bio alcohols have different ignition properties. These have been extensively studied and the resulting experimental data have been used to validate chemical kinetic models. Methane is the main component of natural gas, which is of interest because of its relative availability and lower emissions compared to other hydrocarbon fuels. Given growing interest in fuel-flexible systems, there can be situations in which the combustion properties of natural gas need to be modified by adding biofuels, such as bio alcohols. This can occur in dual fuel internal combustion engines or gas turbines with dual fuel capabilities. The combustion behavior of such blends can be understood by studying the auto ignition properties in fundamental combustion experiments. Studies of the ignition of such blends are very limited in the literature. In this work, the auto ignition of methane and bio alcohol fuel blends is investigated using a shock tube facility. The chosen bio alcohols are ethanol (C2H5OH) and n-propanol (NC3H7OH). Experiments are carried out at 3 atm and 10 atm for stoichiometric and lean mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and argon. The ignition delay times of the pure fuels are first established at conditions of constant oxygen concentration and comparable pressures. The ignition delay times of blends with 50% methane are then measured. The pyrolysis kinetics of the blends is further explored by measuring CO formation during pyrolysis of the alcohol and methane-alcohol blends. The resulting experimental data are compared with the predictions of selected chemical kinetic models to establish the ability of these models to predict the disproportionate enhancement of methane ignition by the added alcohol.
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Sugihara, Tatsuya, Takuma Nomura, Toshiyuki Enomoto, Anirudh Udupa, Koushik Viswanathan, and James Mann. "Exploring the Role of Mechanochemical Effects in Cutting of Aluminum Alloys With Alcohols." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85192.

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Abstract In metal cutting processes, a chemical ambient environment in the cutting zone can be a useful variable for process control and process performance improvement. In this work, we study how mechanochemical effects influence the chip formation process, especially focusing on a specific chemical reaction between aluminum alloys and alcohols as a model system. Using high speed in-situ imaging and particle image velocimetry, we demonstrate that the mechanochemical effect in cutting of annealed Al with use of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is manifest in two different ways: a lubricating effect at the tool-chip interface and an embrittlement effect at the workpiece free-surface, depending on the undeformed chip thickness and cutting speed. Consequently, the highly unsteady chip flow seen in dry cutting of annealed Al, which is typically seen in cutting of ductile “gummy” metals, transitions to a laminar-type (smooth) chip-flow mode or a segmented, fracture-controlled chip flow, due to the Al-IPA reaction. In both cases, the modified chip flow modes lead to significant reduction in cutting forces and improvement of finished surface quality. The specific manifestation of the mechanochemical effect is found to be principally determined by the penetration capability of the alcohols into the tool-chip interface and the time required for the chemical reaction between aluminum and the alcohols. Also, we discuss some implications for improving the performance of practical Al cutting operations using alcohols as a fluid medium.
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Privat, Romain, Jean-Noël Jaubert, and Michel Molière. "Ethanol and Distillate Blends: A Thermodynamic Approach to Miscibility Issues: Part 3 — Generalization to Other Alcohols (Methanol, Isopropanol and 1-Butanol)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68561.

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In the framework of a multistep program devoted to the ternary gasoil/alcohol/water system, the authors investigated the miscibility of anhydrous and hydrated ethanol qualities with four classes of industrial gasoil having different compositions and densities. To that end, they considered a pseudo binary system made by the various hydrocarbon species on one hand and the alcohol/water sub-system on another hand. Using the UNIQUAC thermodynamic theory and the Group Contribution approach, the team computed the Minimum Miscibility Temperature (“MMT”) for a series of the gasoil/ethanol/water system having water concentrations in ethanol comprised between 0 and 10%. The TMM is the temperature above which the various components of the system form a sole phase. This work is summarized in two papers already published (Part 1: GT 2010-22126; Part 2: GT2011-45896). In the continuity of this prior work and considering the potential interest of alternative alcohols as “gasoil extenders”, the team has generalized this approach to selected C1-C4 alcohols: methanol, isopropanol (or 2-propanol) and n-butanol (or 1-butanol). While methanol is an interesting “energy vector” of coal and biomass via the CTL and BTL processes, isopropanol is a widespread commodity produced by the classical petrochemistry and 1-butanol is a promising biofuel candidate of the second, “lingo-cellulosic” generation. This third part of the project shows that the introduction of these alternative alcohols and their respective interactions with water lead to considerable changes in the liquid-liquid equilibria and important shifts of the MMTs, trends that were difficult to anticipate beforehand.
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Lupachev, Egor V., Andrei V. Polkovnichenko, and Nikolai N. Kulov. "Purification of organic fluorine alcohols from azeotropic mixtures with non-fluorinated alcohols using extractive distillation." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM (ISTS) «IMPROVING ENERGY AND RESOURCE-EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF PROCESSES AND DEVICES IN CHEMICAL AND RELATED INDUSTRIES». The Kosygin State University of Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/eeste-2021-1-239-241.

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The extractive distillation process of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol – isopropanol azeotropic mixture using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a separating agent has been experimentally studied. The experiments were carried out on a batch column with regular packing. The results are shown that using this separating agent makes it possible to eliminate thermodynamic constraints imposed by binary azeotrope and to recover 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol with a purity of more than 0,99.
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Singh, P., J. Zhang, A. Ghalgaoui, K. Reimann, B. P. Fingerhut, M. Woerner, and T. Elsaesser. "Coherent Underdamped Polarons in Liquid Alcohols." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2022.w4a.30.

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Femtosecond generation of solvated electrons in alcohols of varying polarity leads to coherent polaron oscillations of longitudinal character which modulate the terahertz (THz) dielectric properties of the liquids and give rise to THz emission.
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Ovchukova, Svetlana, Tatiana Sharonova, Vitaly Likhanov, and Oleg Lopatin. "The use of alcohols in transport." In VII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “SAFETY PROBLEMS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES” (SPCECI2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0137346.

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HENRIQUE FREIRE ARAUJO, LUIZ, José Augusto Rosário Rodrigues, FABIO NASARIO, and Paulo José Samenho Moran. "Biocatalytic Redox Reactions with Allylic Alcohols." In XXV Congresso de Iniciação Cientifica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2017-78725.

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Berahim, Nor Hafizah, and Akbar Abu Seman. "CO2 Utilization: Converting Waste into Valuable Products." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210729-ms.

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Abstract Carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), which includes conversion to valuable products, is a complex modern issue with many perspectives. In recent years, the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a feedstock for synthetic applications in the chemical and fuel sectors via reduction reactions has piqued interest. If the hydrogen is created using a renewable energy source, catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is the most viable and appealing alternative among the existing CO2-recycling solutions. CO2 hydrogenation has many chemical paths depending on the catalyst, and multiple value-added hydrocarbons can be generated. This research looks into a catalyst development for converting high CO2 gas field into methane and alcohols. The study focused on catalytic conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst while in the case of alcohols using Cu based catalyst. Both catalysts were synthesized via impregnation techniques where the aqueous precursors’ solution were impregnated on the oxide supports, stirred, filtered and washed. The samples were then dried, ground and calcined. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using various analytical techniques (e.g., TPR, FESEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD) for their physicochemical properties. The catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation was performed using a fixed bed reactor at various factors such as temperature, pressure, feed gas ratio and space velocity. The experimental findings indicate that conversion of CO2 to methane over Ru based catalyst resulted in >84% CO2 conversion with 99% methane selectivity in the range of temperature 280 – 320 °C and at atmospheric pressure. In the case of hydrogenation of CO2 to alcohols, the catalytic performance of Cu based catalyst exhibited CO2 conversion of >11% and selectivity towards alcohols, C1 and C2, both at 4% with reaction temperature of 250 °C and pressure 30 bar. These findings revealed that methane could easily be formed from CO2 as compared to alcohol. However, both technology conversions are dependent on the catalyst selection and its’ activity. Process parameters need to be optimized to maximize targeted product formation and suppress the side products.
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Reports on the topic "Alcohols"

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Sentcоv, Valentin, Andrei Reutov, and Vyacheslav Kuzmin. Electronic training manual "Acute poisoning with alcohols and alcohol-containing liquids". SIB-Expertise, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0778.29012024.

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In the structure of acute poisonings, ethanol poisoning currently accounts, according to various sources, from 10 to 20%. The mortality rate in poison control centers for ethanol poisoning is 1-2%, but the mortality rate is much higher due to those who died before medical care was provided. The widespread use of methanol and ethylene glycol in various industries and the high mortality rate with late recognition of poisoning with these alcohols determine the high relevance of a detailed study of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of these poisonings by doctors of various specialties. In particular, toxicologists from health care institutions, anesthesiologists and resuscitators from health care institutions, doctors from specialized emergency medical services teams, and disaster medicine doctors. Competent and timely diagnosis, hospitalization in a specialized hospital and previously started treatment greatly increases the patient’s chances of life and its further quality. This electronic educational resourse consists of six theoretical educational modules: general issues of clinical toxicology, acute poisoning with veratrine, acute poisoning with ethanol, poisoning with methanol, poisoning with ethylene glycol, acute poisoning with other alcohols. The theoretical block of modules is presented by presentations, the text of lectures with illustrations. Control classes in the form of test control accompany each theoretical module. After studying all modules, the student passes the final test control. Mastering the electronic educational resourse will ensure a high level of readiness to provide specialized toxicological care by doctors of various specialties.
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Augustine, R. L., and L. K. Doyle. Catalytic oxidation of secondary alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7047071.

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Augustine, R. L., and L. K. Doyle. Catalytic oxidation of secondary alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187537.

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Deutsch, M., B. M. Ocko, X. Z. Wu, E. B. Sirota, and S. K. Sinha. Surface crystallization in normal-alkanes and alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/80963.

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Klier, K., R. G. Herman, S. DeTavernier, M. Johannson, M. Kieke, and R. D. Bastian. High octane ethers from synthesis gas-derived alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6025861.

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Klier, K., R. G. Herman, O. C. Feeley, and M. A. Johansson. High octane ethers from synthesis gas-derived alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6873548.

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Klier, K., R. G. Herman, O. C. Feeley, and M. A. Johansson. High octane ethers from synthesis gas-derived alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6557005.

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Klier, K., R. G. Herman, M. Johansson, and O. C. Feeley. High octane ethers from synthesis gas-derived alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5804796.

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Akgerman, A., and R. G. Anthony. Novel reactor configuration for synthesis gas conversion to alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6404764.

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Akgerman, A., and R. G. Anthony. Novel reactor configuration for synthesis gas conversion to alcohols. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5916190.

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