Academic literature on the topic 'Alcoholism – Treatment – Australia'

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Journal articles on the topic "Alcoholism – Treatment – Australia"

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Lewis, Milton. "Treatment of Alcoholism in Australia from the 1950s to the 1980s." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 607–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200311.

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Within Australian medicine, interest in the treatment of alcoholism revived in the 1950s, and in the following decade the various states introduced special legislation and established special facilities. Psychiatrists tended to dominate treatment and evaluation of treatment in this period, and state psychiatric centres continued to treat a large number of alcoholics. In the 1970s, the work of voluntary agencies was increasingly subsidised by the state, and the state services to a large extent assumed a supervisory role. In the same decade, criticism of the disease concept of alcoholism and questioning of the effectiveness of treatment began to emerge in Australia as it had overseas. By the mid-1980s, many health professionals saw treatment as a strategy of last resort and were looking to control of consumption as the primary means by which to reduce alcoholism.
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Lewis, Milton J. "The early alcoholism treatment movement in Australia, 1859-1939." Drug and Alcohol Review 11, no. 1 (January 1992): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239200185101.

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3

Harper, Clive. "The neurotoxicity of alcohol." Human & Experimental Toxicology 26, no. 3 (March 2007): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327107070499.

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Patterns of drinking are changing throughout the world and in many countries this will be detrimental to the health and welfare of the local population. Even uncomplicated alcoholics who have no specific neurological or hepatic problems show signs of regional brain damage and cognitive dysfunction. Many of these changes are exaggerated and other brain regions damaged in patients who have additional vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome). Quantitative neuropathology techniques and improvements in neuroimaging have contributed significantly to the documentation of these changes but mechanisms underlying the damage are not understood. A human brain bank targeting alcohol cases has been established in Sydney, Australia and provides fresh and frozen tissue for alcohol researchers. The tissues can be used to test hypotheses developed from structural neuropathological studies or from animal models and in vitro studies. Identification of reversible pathological changes and preventative medical approaches in alcoholism should enhance rehabilitation and treatment efforts, thereby mitigating debilitating morbidities and reducing mortality associated with this universal public health problem.
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Renes, Cornelis M. B. "Alexis Wright’s The Swan Book: Indigenous-Australian Swansong or Songline?" Humanities 10, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h10030089.

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The Swan Book (pub. 2013) by the Indigenous-Australian author Alexis Wright is an eco-dystopian epic about the Indigenous people’s tough struggle to regain the environmental balance of the Australian continent and recover their former habitat. The book envisions a dire future in which all Australian flora and fauna—humans included—are under threat, suffering, displaced, and dying out as the result of Western colonization and its exploitative treatment of natural resources. The Swan Book goes beyond the geographical and epistemological scope of Wright’s previous two novels, Plains of Promise (pub. 1997) and Carpentaria (pub. 2006) to imagine what the Australian continent at large will look like under the ongoing pressure of the Western, exploitative production mode in a foreseeable future. The occupation of Aboriginal land in Australia’s Northern Territory since 2007 has allowed the federal government to intervene dramatically in what they term the dysfunctional remote Aboriginal communities; these are afflicted by transgenerational trauma, endemic domestic violence, alcoholism, and child sexual and substance abuse—in themselves the results of the marginal status of Indigeneity in Australian society—and continued control over valuable resources. This essay will discuss how Wright’s dystopian novel exemplifies an Indigenous turn to speculative fiction as a more successful way to address the trials and tribulations of Indigenous Australia and project a better future—an enabling songline rather than a disabling swansong.
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Inglis, Timothy JJ. "Melioidosis in Australia." Microbiology Australia 42, no. 2 (2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma21027.

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Melioidosis is a potentially fatal bacterial infection caused by the Gram-negative bacillus, Burkholderia pseudomallei following contact with a contaminated environmental source, normally soil or water in tropical and subtropical locations. The disease spectrum varies from rapidly progressive bacteraemic infection with or without pneumonia, to focal lesions in deep soft tissues and internal organs to superficial soft tissue infection and asymptomatic seroconversion with possible long-term dormancy. Most infections occur with a background of chronic illness such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease and alcoholic liver disease. Improvements in diagnosis, targeted antimicrobial treatment and long term follow up have improved clinical outcomes. Environmental controls following rare point source case clusters and heightened awareness of melioidosis appear to have reduced the disease burden in some parts of northern Australia. However, the impact of climate change on dispersal of environmental B. pseudomallei, and changing land use in tropical Australia is expected to change the epidemiology of melioidosis in future.
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Roche, Ann M., Michael D. Parle, Jane Campbell, and John B. Saunders. "Substance Abuse Disorders: Psychiatric Trainees' Knowledge, Diagnostic Skills and Attitudes." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 29, no. 4 (December 1995): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679509064980.

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Objective: The drug and alcohol related knowledge and attitudes of trainee psychiatrists were examined to obtain a baseline measure of these factors in order to determine whether current training is appropriate and adequate. Method: A questionnaire was distributed to trainees enrolled in the training program of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and South Australia (N=425). Questions were asked relating to theoretical knowledge, diagnostic and problem solving skills for a number of drug groups; further questions concerned the respondents' attitudes and opinions on aspects of management. Results: Sixty per cent of recipients returned the questionnaire. Theoretical and applied knowledge levels were of an adequate standard overall, but highly variable. Notable areas of weakness included knowledge of opiates, barbiturates and stimulants. Trainees' views regarding treatment options were also variable. Alcoholics Anonymous was considered the best supported form of treatment from evidence from controlled trials. Low levels of self efficacy and little support were recognised for early intervention strategies. Conclusions: While positive views were generally expressed towards involvement with patients with alcohol and drug problems, specific strategies to enhance training and performance are needed. Findings are discussed in terms of continuing education. It is recommended that if sufficient training in this area is not provided then psychiatrists will have little confidence in appropriate therapeutic approaches in treating substance misusers.
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Musa, Arafa. "Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Potency, and Potential Toxicity of Myoporum spp." Records of Natural Products 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 148–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/rnp.208.20.10.1833.

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Genus Myoporum family Myoporaceae, includes approximately 32 species of woody small trees or shrubs, most of them are native to Australia and surrounding territories. Only certain species have been thoroughly studied and rich in flavonoids, phenylethanoids, Phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, iridoids, essential oil, and trace alkaloids. The essential oils are characterized by sesquiterpenes type components, either in ketone or alcoholic forms usually combined to a furanoid moiety. Myoporum spp. have been utilized in folk medicine for treatment of various diseases and were used as antidermatitis, antibacterial, antipyretic, anti-pulpitis, antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory, detoxicant, and others. Despite all these benefits, Myoporum spp. must be cautiously employed due to their potential toxicities, which arise from the presence of furanosesquiterpenoid contents, particularly in their essential oil. The toxicity influences liver and can extend to kidney and lung causing injury. The present review aims to explore the phytochemistry, beneficial uses and the toxic potentials of Myoporum spp.
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Lynskey, Michael T., Elliot C. Nelson, Rosalind J. Neuman, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Pamela A. F. Madden, Valerie S. Knopik, Wendy Slutske, John B. Whitfield, Nicholas G. Martin, and Andrew C. Heath. "Limitations of DSM-IV Operationalizations of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in a Sample of Australian Twins." Twin Research and Human Genetics 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.6.574.

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AbstractAlcohol abuse and dependence are among the most common psychiatric conditions identified in epidemiological surveys of the general population. The aim of this article is to examine the psychometric properties of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence using latent class analysis (LCA). Six thousand two hundred and sixty-five young Australian twins (median age 30 years) were interviewed by telephone between 1996 and 2000 using a modified version of the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA). DSM-IV symptoms of alcohol abuse and dependence were collected by structured diagnostic interview and analyzed using methods of LCA. LCA revealed a 4-class solution for women that classified individuals according to the severity of their alcohol- related problems: no/few problems (66.5%), heavy drinking (23.9%), moderate dependence (7.6%) and severe dependence (2.0%). Among men the preferred solution included 5 classes corresponding to no/few problems (46.4%), heavy drinking (34.3%), moderate dependence (12.2%), severe dependence (3.0%) and abuse (4.0%). Evidence of a male-specific class of alcohol-related problems corresponding to abuse partially supports the DSM conceptualization of alcohol use disorders but suggests that this conceptualization — and measurement — may need to be refined for women. Identification of a male- specific abuse class also has important implications for interventions and treatment as these individuals experienced significant alcohol-related problems and comprised approximately 21% of all men classified with an alcohol use disorder.
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Reed, Mark, Samantha Wells, and Sandra Kuntsche. "Introduction to IJADR Volume 7, Issue 2." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.255.

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Dear Readers, The editors of the International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research (IJADR) are pleased to announce the release of the second issue of our 7th volume. This issue contains five research papers focused on a wide range of substance use topics such as family member’s satisfaction with alcohol and other drug treatment, risk factors for fractures in pre-menopausal drinkers who are alcohol-dependent, and the risk reduction potential of heat-not-burn tobacco products. The issue also includes a methodological description of the multinational GENAHTO (Gender and Alcohol’s Harms to Others) project. These papers represent research collaborations occurring in Brazil, New Zealand, Canada, Russia, England, and Germany, to name a few. Thank you for your interest. Please consider submitting your alcohol and drug focused research to the IJADR. Mark B. Reed, Ph.D. Co-Editor-in-Chief San Diego State University, School of Social Work, United States Samantha Wells, Ph.D. Co-Editor-in-Chief Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Canada Sandra Kuntsche, Ph.D. Co-Editor-in-Chief Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Australia
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John, Oliver, Stephen Wanyonyi, Peter Mouatt, Sunil Panchal, and Lindsay Brown. "Achacha (Garcinia humilis) Rind Improves Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101425.

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Garcinia humilis is a fruit known as achachairú. It is native to South American countries such as Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil, but it is also cultivated as achacha in northern Australia. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals in achacha rind and pulp and to investigate these components as potential treatments for the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Both rind and pulp contain procyanidins and citric acid rather than hydroxycitric acid. Male Wistar rats (8–9 weeks old) were fed with either high-carbohydrate, high-fat, or corn starch diets for 16 weeks. Intervention groups were fed with either diet supplemented with 1.5% G. humilis rind powder or 2.0% G. humilis pulp for the last 8 weeks of the protocol. Rats fed a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet exhibited hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. G. humilis rind decreased systolic blood pressure, diastolic stiffness, left ventricular inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen deposition in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. However, there was no change in glucose tolerance, body weight, or body composition. Therefore, G. humilis rind, usually a food by-product, but not the edible pulp, showed potential cardioprotection with minimal metabolic changes in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alcoholism – Treatment – Australia"

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Proudfoot, Heather Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "DSM-IV alcohol use disorders in Australia: validity, prevalence and treatment seeking." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26323.

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Alcohol use disorders are common and make a significant contribution to the burden of disease throughout the world. This is especially true among the younger age groups. Although these disorders are common, evidence suggests that those affected do not seek help for their disorders. In order to understand this, reviews of the treatment literature and the epidemiological data on prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorders and treatment seeking are presented. These reviews confirm that effective treatments exist and that screening in primary care can be efficacious. The reviews also highlight deficits such as the need for more epidemiological evidence on the validity of DSM definitions of alcohol use disorders and for more Australian data on the prevalence and correlates of the disorders and related treatment seeking. This thesis sets out to address these deficits applying sophisticated statistical techniques to data from a large nationally representative Australian sample. A confirmatory factor analysis of the eleven criteria that specify alcohol dependence and abuse examined the validity of DSM-IV definitions of alcohol use disorders and the best solution was found to be a single factor, not two as currently defined. These findings question the bi-axial nature of alcohol use disorders that has underpinned their definition since the publication of DSM-III-R in 1987. Data from this national sample also confirm that, in line with research from other western countries, Australians have high levels of alcohol use disorders, especially amongst males and younger people. Also no association was found between alcohol dependence and treatment seeking, and young people were least likely to seek treatment. However, a relatively large proportion of young people who drink had been in contact with their GPs in the past year; demonstrating that there is ample opportunity for screening and referral for treatment for alcohol use disorders in this vulnerable group. This research has found that although alcohol disorders are not necessarily associated with disability, there are those who can benefit from treatment. It suggests that outcomes for such individuals may be improved by better specification of disorders as well as improved access to best treatments.
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Books on the topic "Alcoholism – Treatment – Australia"

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Alcohol and other drug treatment services in Australia 2005-06: Report on the national minimum data set. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2007.

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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare., ed. Alcohol and other drug treatment services in Australia 2000-01: First report on the national minimum data set. Canberra, ACT: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2002.

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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare., ed. Alcohol and other drug treatment services in Australia 2002-03: Report on the national minimum data set. Canberra, ACT: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2004.

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Alcohol and other drug treatment services in Australia 2001-02: Report on the national minimum data set. Canberra, A.C.T: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2003.

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Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services in Australia 2001-02: Report on the National Minimum Data Set. Not Avail, 2003.

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Campbell, Lynda. Oxford Houses for Women with Children: An Australian exploration. [Australia], 2004.

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