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1
van Dyck, R. "Psychological and biological aspects of anxiety disorders." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 8, no. 4 (December 1996): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800037005.
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SummaryThe research on anxiety disorders of the department of psychiatry of the Vrije Universiteit is briefly reviewed. Studies have included comparisons between pharmacotherapy and cognitive behaviour therapy and combination treatments of panic disorder and of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Also, the hyperventilation model of panic disorder could be rejected as a result of an ambulatory monitoring study. Provocation studies with adrenalin in panic disorder have shown less support for a psychological model of panic than expected. Recommendations for future research include studies on anxiety in the very young and in the elderly, studies on comorbidity in anxiety, especially with alcoholism and depression and the development of treatment manuals for general practice. The issue is raised whether investing in neuroimaging studies will critically advance our knowledge in the near future.
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Rozhnova, T. M., S. V. Kostyuk, V. L. Malygin, S. N. Enikolopov, and V. N. Nikolenko. "The phenomenon of codependency: psychological and medical genetic aspects." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 12, no. 5 (October 25, 2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2020-5-53-59.
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Addictive behavioral disorders are multifactorial diseases with clinical, neurophysiological, and genetic heterogeneity, a high comorbidity with other disorders, and a low curability. The etiopathogenetic mechanisms of non-chemical forms of addictive behavior have not been sufficiently studied, which makes it difficult to search for effective therapeutic procedures.Objective: to study the psychological and genetic components of a non-chemical addictive disorder as the phenomenon of codependency.Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 256 women who were divided into three comparison groups: 1) those with the phenomenon of codependency, 2) phenotypically healthy women; 3) a population sample. Psychometric testing was carried out using the «Hand Test» by E. Wagner (adapted by A.I. Gerasimov and S.N. Enikolopov) and the clinical and genealogical characteristics of women with the phenomenon of codependency were studied. Results and discussion. There was a statistically significant predominance of the level of aggressiveness as autoaggression in the structure of the personality profile of women with the phenomenon of codependency (t=2.924–3.015; p=0.004–0.005). The clinical and genealogical characteristics of persons with addictive behavioral disorder as the phenomenon of codependency suggest that there is a statistically significantly high frequency of secondary alcoholism among first-degree and second-degree relatives or both and first-degree male relatives (p<0.001).Conclusion. The phenomenon of codependency as a non-chemical addiction includes psychological and genetic components. Women with codependency had autoaggressive destructive behavior patterns and a family history of alcoholism. The identified psychogenic characteristics can be considered as a risk for an addictive disease and somatoform disorders.
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Keller, M. "Understanding and Treating Alcoholism, Vol. 2: Biological, Psychological and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Abuse." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 54, no. 4 (July 1993): 507–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1993.54.507.
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Milošević Šošo, B. Č. "Sociological aspects of alcoholism as a social deviation in Bosnia and Herzegovina." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-1-115-123.
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There has always been an interest in social-pathological problems in the society. Documents confirming our wish to find out the causes of ‘other’ types of behavior as opposed to the ‘usual’/accepted types date back to the Ancient and Middle Ages. The social significance of the study of social-pathological phenomena is evident for they allow to reveal dysfunctionalities in certain structural elements or failed socialization, which are most probably determined by destabilization of the social system and value priorities. Alcoholism as a form of deviant behavior is usually considered the most common and influential factor of destroying the physical and psychological health and of negative changes in human behavior. The article describes the level of alcoholism and the ways of perceiving it in Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the empirical data collected within the broader scientific study of the social changes in one part of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Republic of Srpska. The survey was conducted on the representative sample of 220 respondents (reflecting the social-demographic and social-economic characteristics of the general population) in 7 municipalities of the Republic of Srpska. The questionnaire consisted of both closed and partly open questions to reveal the opinions of the respondents on specific deviant forms of behavior and to find out whether the respondents are engaged in some of these deviant forms depending on their attitudes and knowledge about them.
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Bruxner, George, Peter Burvill, Sam Fazio, and Sam Febbo. "Aspects of Psychiatric Admissions of Migrants to Hospitals in Perth, Western Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 4 (August 1997): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709065075.
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Objective: Recent Australian Government initiatives have emphasised problems with service provision to the ethnic mentally ill. This study aims to address the paucity of contemporary data describing the disposition of the ethnic mentally ill in hospital settings. Method: Patterns of admissions for psychiatric disorders to all hospitals in Perth, Western Australia, for the 3 years from 1990 to 1992, of migrants and the Australian born were compared using data from the Western Australian Mental Health Information System. Results: The overall rates for European migrants showed a ‘normalisation’ towards those of the Australian-born. There were high rates for the schizophrenic spectrum disorders in Polish and Yugoslavian (old terminology) migrants. There were low admission rates for South-East Asian migrants, predominantly those from Vietnam and Malaysia. Rates for alcoholism were low in Italian and all Asian migrants. There were high rates of organic psychosis, especially in those older than 75 years, among the Italian and Dutch migrants. The relative risk of a first admission in the 3 years being an involuntary admission to a mental hospital was almost twice that of the Australian-born for migrants from Poland, Yugoslavia, Malaysia and Vietnam. Conclusions: The results imply the possibility of significant untreated and/or undiagnosed psychiatric morbidity in the South-East Asian-born. They also indicate a need for further exploration of the unexpectedly high levels of psychiatric morbidity among some ethnic elderly groups, specifically the Dutch- and Italian-born. The findings demonstrate the persistence of high rates of presentation for psychotic disorders among Eastern European-born populations, many years post migration.
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EISENMAN, RUSSELL. "Understanding and Treating Alcoholism, vol. 1: An Empirically Based Clinician's Handbook for the Treatment of Alcoholism; Understanding and Treating Alcoholism, vol. 2: Biological, Psychological, and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and Abuse." American Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 7 (July 1992): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.7.968.
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Boss, Peter. "Systems for Managing Child Maltreatment in Australia: A Study of the Six States." Children Australia 11, no. 4 (1986): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000015691.
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Child abuse constitutes a social problem whose dimensions we cannot yet quite grasp and whose causes are as multi-faceted as they are difficult to identify. Over the past two decades or so, ever since the re-awakening of interest in the topic, there has been an abundance of theorising and speculating about causes of child abuse. Theories which attempt to explain child abuse have ranged from the individual - psychological and specific deviant behaviour (like alcoholism and other types of addiction) - to socio-economic factors, faulty child-parent relationships, lack of family support resources and many more. Each of these theories, even if underdeveloped, has something to contribute to our understanding but none, by itself, has enabled us to say that if only we concentrate our resources on it we will be able to tackle child abuse at its very roots. What we have begun to learn is that we are dealing with a complex situation.
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Tozer, Meryan, Nigar G. Khawaja, and Robert Schweitzer. "Protective Factors Contributing to Wellbeing Among Refugee Youth in Australia." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 28, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2016.31.
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The present study examined protective factors associated with the wellbeing of 93 youth from a refugee background resettled in Brisbane, Australia. Wellbeing was defined as an absence of psychological distress and the presence of subjective wellbeing. Students at Milpera State High School, a special English language school, completed a battery of questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined the relationship between protective factors and wellbeing, while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The results indicated that higher levels of school connectedness and acculturation were significantly associated with lower levels of psychological distress. Further, higher levels of school connectedness, acculturation and resilience, in addition to having a permanent visa, were significantly associated with higher levels of subjective wellbeing. Notably, 55% of the variance in subjective wellbeing was explained jointly by these factors. School connectedness, acculturation, resilience, and visa certainty were instrumental in enhancing aspects of wellbeing in the present sample of students from a refugee background. Implications for refugee-related policy and strategies in schools, mental health services, and at broader governmental levels are discussed.
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HORNE, DAVID, and J. T. HUESTON. "The Personality of Hand Surgeons." Journal of Hand Surgery 10, no. 1 (February 1985): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(85)80004-8.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate some aspects of motivation to practise hand surgery, psychological mindedness and personality characteristics in a group of 212 Hand Surgeons. The data was obtained by administering the Eysenck Personality Inventory, an especially constructed questionnaire, in a group setting at two conferences in Australia.
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Mungas, Dan. "Psychometric Correlates of Episodic Violent Behaviour." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 2 (February 1988): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.2.180.
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Three groups of neuropsychiatric out-patients, homogeneous according to parameters of violent behaviour, were identified in a previous study using a cluster analysis procedure and compared in this study on psychometric variables. These groups were (a) a group manifesting frequent, impulsive violence (n= 35), (b) a non-violent group (n= 57), and (c) a group whose violent behaviour was much less frequent and severe than in the first group, and more provoked (n= 31). Impulsively violent patients showed language and visual-perceptual deficits, but no other neuropsychological or intellectual deficits. The MMPI F, K and Ma and MacAndrews Alcoholism scales and a perceptual organisation factor derived from the Holtzman Inkblot Test significantly discriminated groups. Results of this and the initial study have implications regarding psychological aspects of aggression and underlying biological mechanisms.
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Dudgeon, Pat, and Roz Walker. "Decolonising Australian Psychology: Discourses, Strategies, and Practice." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 3, no. 1 (August 21, 2015): 276–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v3i1.126.
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Colonisation in Australia has had a devastating and lasting impact on the wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia (herein referred to as Indigenous Australians). This paper discusses the role of psychology in Australia and the negative impact that certain disciplinary theories and practices have had on Indigenous Australians. The impact has been further exacerbated by the failure of mainstream policy makers and mental health practitioners to recognise the key, distinctive cultural and social determinants that contribute to Aboriginal health and wellbeing. There is a growing response by Aboriginal psychologists, critical social theorists, and their allies to decolonise psychological theory and practice to redress this situation. This paper outlines key decolonising strategies that have been effective in interrupting those aspects of psychology that are inimical to Aboriginal wellbeing.
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Bamforth, Jill, Charles Jebarajakirthy, and Gus Geursen. "Undergraduates’ responses to factors affecting their money management behaviour: some new insights from a qualitative study." Young Consumers 18, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-11-2016-00645.
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Purpose The money management behaviour of undergraduates is a noteworthy study for many stakeholders, as these students are more likely to carry forward this behaviour into later life. The literature on student money management behaviour heavily focuses on financial literacy. However, economic, social and psychological factors also affect undergraduates’ money management behaviour. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically investigate how undergraduates respond to and account for these factors in their money management behaviour. Design/methodology/approach This study was carried out in Australia. This study adopted a qualitative exploratory approach. The data were collected using six focus group discussions (FGDs) held in one Australian university, in which 40 undergraduates participated. Findings The key themes identified from the thematic analysis include undergraduates’ understanding of money management and managing economic, social and psychological aspects relating to undergraduates’ money management behaviour. Several subthemes were identified under each theme, which specifically showed how undergraduates manage and respond to each of these factors relating to their money management behaviour. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted with the data collected from a relatively small sample of respondents and was limited only to undergraduates. Moreover, this study was conducted in Australia, indicating that some of the results might be specific to the Australian context. Practical implications The authors have suggested promoting multiple payment methods and internet usage to undergraduates, and providing them with stress management programmes will help them maintain prudent money management behaviour. Originality/value The extant literature on undergraduates’ money management behaviour tends to focus on financial literacy. This study extends the scope of the literature beyond financial literacy and has shown how undergraduates respond to economic, social and psychological aspects relating to money management behaviour. This study has applied a qualitative exploratory approach, in contrast to quantitative methods which have generally been applied for studies relating to undergraduates’ money management behaviour.
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Cummins, Robert, and Paraskevi Theofilou. "Quality of life research: interview with Professor Robert Cummins." Health Psychology Research 1, no. 3 (September 23, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2013.1555.
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Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a fundamental concept in the field of clinical medicine and has been studied during the last years by psychologists, sociologists, economists and managers. The concept of HRQOL includes those aspects of overall QOL that can be indicated to have an impact on patients’ health, either physical or psychological. Concerning the individuals, this incorporates physical and mental health cognitions, including sociodemographic factors, sexual functioning, fatigue, sleep disorders and functional status. One of the most eminent experts in the world in the field of QOL is Prof. Robert Cummins [Professor of Psychology at Deakin University in Australia (School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Victoria 3125 Melbourne, Australia. E-mail: robert.cummins@deakin.edu.au)] who kindly accepted to answer our questions in the con- text of this special edition.
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Matamonasa-Bennett, Arieahn. "“The Poison That Ruined the Nation”: Native American Men—Alcohol, Identity, and Traditional Healing." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2015): 1142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315576937.
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Alcoholism and destructive drinking patterns are serious social problems in many Native American reservation and urban communities. This qualitative study of men from a single Great Lakes reservation community examined the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of their alcohol problems through their life stories. The men were in various stages of recovery and sobriety, and data collection consisted of open-ended interviews and analysis utilizing principles and techniques from grounded theory and ethnographic content analysis. Alcoholism and other serious social problems facing Native American communities need to be understood in the sociocultural and historical contexts of colonization and historical grief and trauma. This study suggests that for Native American men, there are culturally specific perspectives on alcohol that have important implications for prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse. The participants’ narratives provided insight into the ways reconnecting with traditional cultural values (retraditionalization) helped them achieve sobriety. For these men, alcohol was highly symbolic of colonization as well as a protest to it. Alcohol was a means for affirming “Indian” identity and sobriety a means for reaffirming traditional tribal identity. Their narratives suggested the ways in which elements of traditional cultural values and practices facilitate healing in syncretic models and Nativized treatment. Understanding the ways in which specific Native cultural groups perceive their problems with drinking and sobriety can create more culturally congruent, culturally sensitive, and effective treatment approaches and inform future research.
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Guillemin, Francis, Camille Ricatte, Annica Barcenilla-Wong, Amandine Schoumacker, Marita Cross, Camille Alleyrat, Thomas Buttel, et al. "Developing a Preliminary Definition and Domains of Flare in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis (OA): Consensus Building of the Flare-in-OA OMERACT Group." Journal of Rheumatology 46, no. 9 (May 15, 2019): 1188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.181085.
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Flare in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) is more than just an exacerbation of pain. Unstructured, semistructured, and focus group interviews followed by Delphi surveys with patients and health professionals (HP) generated candidate domains of an OA flare. Content analysis of interviews with 29 patients and 16 HP extracted 180 statements, which were grouped into 9 clusters. Delphi consensus with 50 patients (Australia, Canada, and France) and 116 HP (17 countries on 4 continents) identified 5 flare domains: pain, swelling, stiffness, psychological aspects, and effect of symptoms. Elements for a preliminary definition of an OA flare are proposed. Registered at clinicaltrials.govNCT02892058.
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Lux, Andrei Alexander, Flávio Romero Macau, and Kerry Ann Brown. "Putting the entrepreneur back into entrepreneurial ecosystems." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 26, no. 5 (June 21, 2020): 1011–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-01-2020-0031.
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PurposeThis paper extends entrepreneurial ecosystems theory by testing how aspects of the local business environment affect individual entrepreneurs' ability to translate their personal resources into firm performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 223 business owners across Australia. Moderation hypotheses were tested using multiple hierarchical regression and confirmed with the Preacher and Hayes (2004) bootstrapping method.FindingsThe results show that business owners' psychological capital, social capital and entrepreneurial education directly affect their individual firm performance. These positive relations are moderated by specific aspects of the business environment, such that they are stronger when the environment is more favorable.Originality/valueThis study puts individual business owners back into entrepreneurial ecosystems theory and explains how they can make the most of their personal resources, suggesting a complex interplay where one size does not fit all. Far-reaching practical implications for policymakers are discussed.
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Adler, Richard. "Voice and Communication for the Transgender/Transsexual Client: Presenting the WPATH Standing Committee on Voice and Communication." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 25, no. 1 (March 2015): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd25.1.32.
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The World Professional Association for Transgender Health is an international organization that has a purpose of providing guidelines for safe, effective, and evidence-based practice for the Transgender/Transsexual client throughout the world in all aspects of care, including medical, psychological, voice, speech, and other services. Newly formed and accepted as an integral part of the organization, the Voice and Communication Committee is comprised of four speech-language pathologists (SLPs) from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia. This article introduces SLPs to this committee and its important work in providing guidelines for offering voice and communication therapy to all Transgender (TG) clients.
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Rosenman, Stephen, and Bryan Rodgers. "Childhood Adversity and Adult Personality." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 5 (May 2006): 482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01826.x.
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Objectives: To explore how recalled childhood adversity affects trait measures of personality in three age cohorts of an Australian adult population and to examine the effects of particular adversities on adult personality traits. Method: A total of 7485 randomly selected subjects in the age bands of 20–24, 40–44 and 60–64 years were interviewed at the outset of a longitudinal community study of psychological health in the Canberra region of Australia. In the initial interview, subjects answered 17 questions about domestic adversity and three questions on positive aspects of upbringing to age 16 years. Personality traits were measured by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Behavioural Activation and Inhibition Scales, Positive and Negative Affect Scales and a measure of dissocial behaviours. Results: Higher levels of childhood adversity substantially increase the risk of high neuroticism (OR = 2.6) and negative affect (OR = 2.6), less for behavioural inhibition (OR = 1.7) and for dissocial behaviour (OR = 1.7). No significant effect is seen for extraversion, psychoticism or behavioural activation. Age and gender had little effect on the pattern of risk. Maternal depression has significant and substantial independent effects on measures of neuroticism and negative affect as well as most other measures of personality. Conclusion: Childhood domestic adversity has substantial associations with clinically important aspects of personality: neuroticism and negative affect. Only small effects are seen on behavioural inhibition and dissocial behaviour, and no significant effect on extraversion and behavioural activation. These unexpected findings contradict clinical belief. Maternal psychological ill-health is pre-eminent among adversities predicting later disadvantageous traits, even for those traits that had only the slightest association with childhood adversity. Consequences of childhood adversity prevail throughout the lifespan in men and women equally. The study underlines the importance of childhood domestic adversity and especially maternal psychological ill-health as a target for preventive intervention for psychological difficulties at all ages.
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Ignatev, Pavel D., and Anna V. Trusova. "Association of Personal Identity and Time Perspective in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: Cross-Cultural Research." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2019-16-2-127-146.
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The article presents the results of an original cross-cultural study of the identity and time perspective in alcohol-addicted patients. Based on the materials of the two examined patient groups from the Central (N = 79) and Arctic regions (N = 66) of Russia, using a set of the following psychodiagnostic methods - test of 20 statements by M. Kuhn, T. McPartland, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), a semantic time differential and the questionnaire of motivation for alcohol consumption by V.Yu. Zavyalov (MAC) - the regional differences in the identity matrix and temporal orientations were found and described. According to the results of a clinical and psychological research, it was found that for alcohol-addicted patients in general the most significant is a reflexive identity focusing on “negative past”, while considering the past and future in the categories of “activity”, “affective sentiment”, “magnitude”. The leading alcohol use motives are hedonistic, ataractic, and activation behavior. At the same time, the communicative identity, “perceptibility” of the entire psychological time, as well as pseudocultural motive causing alcohol abuse are significantly present in the identity matrix of the patients from Saint Petersburg. In the group of patients from Yakutsk, there is a significant orientation toward a “fatalistic present”, with the “structurization” of the past, present, and future. The intergroup correlations between the various aspects of personal identity and time perspective, as well as the hierarchy of motives in patients with alcoholism in a socio-cultural context are shown. The correlation patterns between the identification characteristics and time perspective have significant differences in the two groups studied. The data obtained reflect the social specifics of the central regions, as well as the cultural characteristics of the northern nationalities with their inherent desire to avoid uncertainty. From these data, it can be concluded that the socio-psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of alcohol dependence are significant.
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Chakraborty, Betsy. "Did COVID-19 challenges psychological resilience of pregnant women? an evidence-based review with recommendation." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212030.
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Any conflict, extreme stress, emergency situation, natural disaster multiplies mental health hazard. History of Spanish flu outbreak witnesses the damage of pregnant women i.e. as short-term impact inflate the rate of preterm deliveries and the baby’s who were in womb persist the risk of developing medical and psychiatric disorders like diabetes, coronary artery disease, cancer and schizophrenia in future. Pregnant women are considered more vulnerable for COVID-19 as pregnancy makes women prone to respiratory pathogen, which leads to severe pneumonia. Women are three times more prone to anxiety than man. Continuous strict restriction on consultancy visit and gathering, rumors and contradictory information, uncertainty about delivery plan & health of mother and baby indirectly affected women’s emotional and psychological health of perinatal period. Fear and stigma grasps them when anticipating social discrimination and segregation from baby if they become positive. Growing evidence shows psychological impacts i.e. high levels of anxiety, depression and stress are prevalent among pregnant women irrespective of geographical and cultural boundaries across countries like India, China, Canada, UK, Australia and Israel. WHO recommended for adopting holistic approach of care, consideration of major two aspects (i.e. clinical and psychological experiences) in pandemic situations for helping in better positive coping of mother, baby and family members. This present review aimed to find out triggering factors, challenges, major types of psychological issues, consequences of psychological impact among perinatal women due to COVID-19 and want to prescribe evidence-based resolution and preparedness for combating such pandemic situation.
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Soh, Nerissa, Lois J. Surgenor, Stephen Touyz, and Garry Walter. "Eating Disorders Across Two Cultures: Does the Expression of Psychological Control Vary?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 4 (April 2007): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701213278.
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Objective: Because both the expression of eating disorder (ED) symptoms and preferred psychological control styles may be affected by culture, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether the expression of psychological control in women with EDs varies across two cultures. Method: North European Australian and Chinese Singaporean women (n = 117) with anorexia nervosa (n = 36), bulimia nervosa (n = 13) and eating disorders not otherwise specified (n = 3), and without an ED (n = 65) recruited in Australia and Singapore completed a multidimensional inventory assessing sense of control, domains of control, preferred means by which to gain control, and motivation for control. Results: Although the normative control profile for each culture differed slightly, control profiles among those with an ED were very similar across both cultures. However, the directionality and extent of specific aspects of control pathology associated with the presence of an ED differed across cultures. North European Australians with an ED were much more deviant from the cultural norm than their Chinese Singaporean ED counterparts in relation to overall sense of control, methods of gaining control, and control in the domain of body. Chinese Singaporean woman with an ED were much more deviant from the cultural norm than their North European Australian ED counterparts in the domain of control over impulses. Conclusions: Having an ED powerfully distorts psychological control irrespective of culture. However the degree, directionality, and form of the displacement from normal control styles is also culture dependent. This has implications for treatments that attempt to redress or correct control issues in people with an ED in other cultures.
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Bajwa, Sukhminder, Smriti Anand, and Amarjit Singh. "Social-behavioral, clinical and anesthetic concern associated with diabetic foot amputation in a Tertiary Care Institute of North India." Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 03, no. 02 (December 2015): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-0656.152810.
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Background and Aim: India has become the world capital of diabetes and its associated complications. Patients with diabetic foot lesions presenting for amputation suffer from various socio-behavioral, psychological and economic constraints, which have an impact on the care providers of those affected as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate these socio-behavioral and anesthetic concerns in those undergoing amputation so as to draw an insight to this curb the menace of diabetes. Materials and Methods: The study included 171 patients in the age group 29-78 years of either sex who underwent either amputation or debridement, followed by amputation. The clinical status was observed and duly recorded in the performa meant for the study. The socio-behavioral aspects related to diabetic foot were recorded by interview method form patients and their relatives. Results: A higher occurrence of diabetic foot morbidities was found in males (152) than in females (19) with a mean age of 52.64 years at the time of presentation in our study. Socio-behavioral factors such as low literacy levels, treatment by quacks, inadequate foot care and habit of walking barefoot, lack of physician follow-up and association of concomitant risk factors such as smoking and alcoholism and co-morbidities were important triggers for diabetic foot morbidities and subsequent amputation. These also had psychological impacts on its sufferers. Neuropathy was the main culprit accounting for 88.89% cases, while neuropathy accounted for 11.11% cases. Conclusion: Diabetic foot patients undergoing amputation require multidisciplinary management and anesthesiologist as well intensivist can play a pivotal role in psycho-social and behavioral therapy of these patients.
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Karageorge, A., P. Rhodes, R. Gray, and R. Papadopoulos. "Relationship and Family Therapy for Newly-resettled Refugees: A Qualitative Inquiry of an Innovative, Needs-adapted Approach in Sydney, Australia." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S622—S623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1004.
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IntroductionThe needs of refugees are of pivotal concern internationally. Relational trauma, in particular, is an area that is under-emphasised and under-researched. The strength to strength program (STS) was a rare, innovative relationship and family counselling service for recently-arrived refugees in Sydney, Australia during 2006–2014. The service model built on post-Milan systemic family therapy principles to include innovative cultural and trauma-informed aspects of care.ObjectivesWe were interested in the experiences of staff who delivered the program, and the ways in which more traditional, Western-informed modes of family therapy were transformed by the needs of refugee clients.AimsTo identify and describe transformations to the delivery of relationship and family counselling with refugees that enabled care, from the perspective of staff.MethodsA thematic analysis, guided by interpretive description, of individual interviews and focus groups with STS service staff (n = 20), including family therapists, bicultural workers and managers.ResultsKey themes pertaining to innovative aspects of the relationship and family counselling service provided by STS staff will be outlined and lessons for future service provision in this space considered.ConclusionsSTS is an example of staff-driven innovation to the therapeutic care of refugee families resettling in Western countries, taking into account the unique and complex set of cultural, practical and psychological needs. Important and timely lessons for future service delivery can be drawn from qualitative inquiry into the experiences of staff who deliver such programs, with refugee numbers continuing to increase internationally.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Lewis, Daniel, Michaela Kenneally, Corinna van denHeuvel, and Roger W. Byard. "Methamphetamine deaths: Changing trends and diagnostic issues." Medicine, Science and the Law 61, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420986707.
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The term ‘amphetamine’ refers to a class of synthetic drugs which includes methamphetamine. The latter is a globally popular drug of abuse which induces euphoria, affecting cognitive/psychomotor performance and sleep. It also provokes risk taking and violent behaviour. The central effects of methamphetamine are due to the overproduction of neurotransmitters, resulting in high levels of dopamine. In recent years, there have been significant increases in cases of methamphetamine abuse in North and South America, Australia and Asia due to its ready availability and low cost. The following review examines changing trends in methamphetamine use and problems that arise diagnostically in medico-legal cases in determining the significance of post-mortem blood levels, the relationship of these to ante-mortem levels, the possible effects on physical and psychological behaviours and the possible contribution of the drug to a lethal episode.
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Tarzia, Laura. "“It Went to the Very Heart of Who I Was as a Woman”: The Invisible Impacts of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320967659.
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Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) sits within the intersection of intimate partner violence and sexual violence. It is prevalent, yet poorly understood. Research consistently shows that IPSV is associated with many mental and physical health issues although the mental health aspects are often the most damaging. Despite this, there is poor understanding of the mechanisms through which IPSV causes trauma and poor mental health. To address this gap, I used interpretative phenomenological analysis of n = 38 in-depth interviews with women in Australia to explore their lived experiences of IPSV. The essence of IPSV was described as “Being attacked from the inside out” and comprised four themes. The first, “Shaken foundations,” described devastating betrayal and loss of trust. The second, “A different kind of damage,” suggested that sexual violence impacts women differently from physical or psychological violence in a relationship. The third theme, “It kills something inside you,” addressed the dehumanizing aspects of IPSV. The final theme, “Lingering scar tissue,” focused on the long-term impacts of IPSV on women’s sexuality and relationships. The findings of this study highlight the “invisible impacts” of IPSV, which may be the pathways through which it causes trauma.
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Musgrove, Luke, and Craig McGarty. "Opinion-Based Group Membership as a Predictor of Collective Emotional Responses and Support for Pro- and Anti-War Action." Social Psychology 39, no. 1 (January 2008): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.1.37.
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Abstract. Social identity theory, intergroup emotions theory (IET), and related approaches offer the potential to understand the social psychological aspects of collective behavior such as movements that protest against or argue for war. Social identification, however, tends to be a weak predictor of collective action intentions. We argue that in order to understand the fault lines of collective action it is useful to consider identification with opinion-based groups. We illustrate this in relation to support for and opposition to the war on terror (WoT) in Australia. Comparing predictions based on IET with those based on opinion-based group identification, we found limited support for the sets of connections hypothesized by IET. Alternatively, social identification with pro- and anti-WoT opinion-based groups was a strong predictor of different emotional reactions and associated action intentions. In particular, highly identified supporters of the WoT were angry at terrorists, and this anger in turn predicted offensive action tendencies against the terrorists. Stronger yet were the emotional reactions of anger at the government reported by highly identified opponents of the WoT, which strongly predicted anti-war protest action intentions. The results point to the utility of the opinion-based group concept for understanding the collective, yet contested, aspects of political support for war and peace in contemporary society.
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Thielking, Monica, and Shane R. Jimerson. "Perspectives Regarding the Role of School Psychologists: Perceptions of Teachers, Principals, and School Psychologists in Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.16.2.211.
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AbstractSchool psychologists have a unique and multifaceted role within schools and must work with a variety of stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to explore and understand the perspectives of other educational professionals regarding the roles of school psychologists. This study examined the perspectives of principals (N = 21), teachers (N = 86), and school psychologists (N = 81) regarding what they believe should be the role of school psychologists. Participants were working in Catholic, Independent, and Government primary and secondary schools across Victoria, Australia. Results revealed both similarities and differences between the three groups regarding perspectives about school psychologists' role. For instance, the three groups shared similar perspectives that school psychologists should: (a) conduct research on issues relevant to the school, (b) be up-to-date on relevant research, (c) conduct psychological assessments, (d) provide counselling to students, (e) organise group programs for students, (f) organise workshops and provide information to teachers on issues of students' welfare and (g) inform primary students' parents of their child's participation in counselling. However, the three groups also differed in their perspectives about some aspects of the school psychologists' role. It was notable that each of the differences in perceptions between the groups had implications for potential ethical dilemmas, for instance: (a) boundaries, (b) dual relationship, (c) confidentiality/who is the client? and (d) informed consent. Implications for practice and scholarship in the field of school psychology are discussed.
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De Leo, Diego, Diego De Leo, Russell Evans, and Kerryn Neulinger. "Hanging, Firearm, and Non-Domestic Gas Suicides Among Males: A Comparative Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 2 (April 2002): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.01013.x.
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Objective: To identify characteristics that could distinguish males who completed suicide by hanging from males who completed suicide by firearms and non-domestic gas, and to suggest suicide prevention strategies targeted at hanging. Method: Using the psychological autopsy design, males who used hanging, firearms and non-domestic gas were compared on a range of variables covering social, psychological, and health related factors and aspects of the suicide incident. The sample consisted of 950 males who suicided in Queensland, Australia, between 1994 and 1996. Results: Compared with males who used firearms and non-domestic gas, males who used hanging were significantly younger, less likely to have left a suicide note, and more likely to have been diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Compared with males who used firearms, males who used hanging were significantly more likely to have made prior suicide attempts and have had no physical illness. Compared with males who used non-domestic gas, males who used hanging were significantly more likely to have lived with others, have had prior legal trouble, and have suicided at their residence. Conclusions: The results are discussed in terms of the availability and socio-cultural acceptability of methods. The authors suggest a possible relationship between impulsive traits and method choice. This proposition requires further investigation using alternative methodologies. Some suicide prevention measures targeting hanging suicides are discussed in light of the results.
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San Roque, Craig. "A Place in the Country." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 19, no. 1 (September 18, 2015): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2015.02.
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This article begins with an outline of an indigenous Australian language concept of “place” then sketches out a schema based on Central Australian graphic patterns and travelling narratives. The schema allows contemplation of various states of being related to place. It philosophically and subjectively considers psychological aspects of location, home, and environment. Notions presented may have pertinence for psychotherapists in practice in multicultural settings in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.
Whakarāpopotonga
I te tīmatanga ka huri ki te hua i te ariā o te kupu “wāhi” a te iwi taketake, kātahi ka huahuahia he mahere hāngai tonu ki ngā pakiwaitara me ngā momo nuku i te whenua o Te Pū o Ahiteriria. Mā te mahere ka taea te āta whakaaro i ngā whakapapa tauoranga ki tētahi wāhi. Ka āta wānangahia, whakaarohia te wāhanga hinengaro o te wāhi, te kāinga me te taiao. Tērā pea ka hāngai ngā aroro whakaputahia mai ki ngā kaiwhakaora hinengaro e mahi ana i waenga i ngā nōhanga ahurei maha o Ahitereiria me Aotearoa.
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Mihalopoulos, Cathrine, Mary Lou Chatterton, Lidia Engel, Long Khanh-Dao Le, and Yong Yi Lee. "Whither economic evaluation in the case of COVID-19: What can the field of mental health economics contribute within the Australian context?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 12 (October 2, 2020): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867420963724.
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COVID-19 has resulted in broad impacts on the economy and aspects of daily life including our collective mental health and well-being. The Australian health care system already faces limitations in its ability to treat people with mental health diagnoses. Australia has responded to the COVID-19 outbreak by, among other initiatives, providing reimbursement for telehealth services. However, it is unclear if these measures will be enough to manage the psychological distress, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress shown to accompany infectious disease outbreaks and economic shocks. Decision making has focused on the physical health ramifications of COVID-19, the avoidance of over-burdening the health care system and saving lives. We propose an alternative framework for decision making that combines life years saved with impacts on quality of life. A framework that simultaneously includes mental health and broader economic impacts into a single decision-making process would facilitate transparent and accountable decision making that can improve the overall welfare of Australian society as we continue to address the considerable challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic is creating.
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Roberts-Yates, Christine. "The Dilemma of the Case Manager in Workers' Compensation: Decision-Maker, System Player, Para Legal/Medical Specialist, Mediator or Enemy?" Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 8, no. 2 (January 2002): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200000570.
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This paper explores the complexities of the role of the workers' compensation case manager working for claims agents in South Australia. It provides a brief outline of the many skills required by case managers as they deal with the worker's injury, issues of compliance, the legislation, the social and psychological aspects of the worker's claim and the treatment and management of the worker's welfare. It describes the tensions brought about by the dual nature of the case manager's role that encompasses claims processing and injury management, and the conflicts between human and organisational motivations. These findings, although imprecise, demonstrate that in order to achieve sustainable return to work outcomes, case managers need to be competent, well-trained and team players capable of acting as mediators or brokers across the stakeholders. The aim of this paper is to explore the different views of the problems and possibilities of the role of the claims/injury manager from the perspective of the major stakeholders. Some views on the redesign of the role incorporating a partnership and holistic emphasis rather than the claims processing focus are suggested.
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Salvin, Hannah E., Angela M. Lees, Linda M. Cafe, Ian G. Colditz, and Caroline Lee. "Welfare of beef cattle in Australian feedlots: a review of the risks and measures." Animal Production Science 60, no. 13 (2020): 1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19621.
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The rising global demand for animal protein is leading to intensification of livestock production systems. At the same time, societal concerns about sustainability and animal welfare in intensive systems is increasing. This review examines the risks to welfare for beef cattle within commercial feedlots in Australia. Several aspects of the feedlot environment have the potential to compromise the physical and psychological welfare of cattle if not properly monitored and managed. These include, but are not limited to, animal factors such as the influence of genetics, temperament and prior health, as well as management factors such as diet, pen design, resource provision, pregnancy management, and stock-person attitudes and skills. While current industry and producer initiatives exist to address some of these issues, continuous improvements in welfare requires accurate, reliable and repeatable measures to allow quantification of current and future welfare states. Existing measures of welfare are explored as well as proxy indicators that may signal the presence of improved or reduced welfare. Finally, potential future measures of welfare that are currently under development are discussed and recommendations for future research are made.
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Zernetska, O., and O. Myronchuk. "Historical Memory and Practices of Monumental Commemoration of World War I in Australia (Part 1)." Problems of World History, no. 12 (September 29, 2020): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-11.
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The authors’ research attention is focused on the specifics of the Australian memorial practices dedicated to the World War I. The statement is substantiated that in the Australian context memorials and military monuments formed a special post-war and post-traumatic part of the visual memory of the first Australian global military conflict.
The features of the Australian memorial concept are clarified, the social function of the monuments and their important role in the psychological overcoming of the trauma and bitter losses experienced are noted. The multifaceted aspects of visualization of the monumental memory of the World War I in Australia are analyzed. Monuments and memorials are an important part of Australia’s visual heritage.
It is concluded that each Australian State has developed its own concept of memory, embodied in various types and nature of monuments. The main ones are analyzed in detail: Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne (1928–1934); Australian War Memorial in Canberra (1941); Sydney Cenotaph (1927-1929) and Anzac Memorial in Sydney (1934); Desert Mounted Corps Memorial in Western Australia (1932); Victoria Memorials: Avenue of Honour and Victory Arch in Ballarat (1917-1919), Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (2004), Great Ocean Road – the longest nationwide memorial (1919-1932); Hobart War Memorial in the Australian State of Tasmania (1925), as well as Villers-Bretonneux Australian National Memorial in France dedicated to French-Australian cooperation during the World War I (1938).
The authors demonstrate an inseparable connection between the commemorative practices of Australia and the politics of national identity, explore the trends in the creation and development of memorial practices. It is noted that the overwhelming majority of memorial sites are based on the clearly expressed function of a place of memory, a place of mourning and commemoration. It was found that the representation of the memorial policy of the memory of Australia in the first post-war years was implemented at the beginning at the local level and was partially influenced by British memorial practices, transforming over time into a nationwide cultural resource.
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Zernetska, O., and O. Myronchuk. "Historical Memory and Practices of Monumental Commemoration of World War I in Australia (Part 2)." Problems of World History, no. 13 (March 18, 2021): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-10.
Full textAbstract:
The authors’ research attention is focused on the specifics of the Australian memorial practices dedicated to the World War I. The statement is substantiated that in the Australian context memorials and military monuments formed a special post-war and post-traumatic part of the visual memory of the first Australian global military conflict.
The features of the Australian memorial concept are clarified, the social function of the monuments and their important role in the psychological overcoming of the trauma and bitter losses experienced are noted. The multifaceted aspects of visualization of the monumental memory of the World War I in Australia are analyzed. Monuments and memorials are an important part of Australia’s visual heritage.
It is concluded that each Australian State has developed its own concept of memory, embodied in various types and nature of monuments. The main ones are analyzed in detail: Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne (1928–1934); Australian War Memorial in Canberra (1941); Sydney Cenotaph (1927-1929) and Anzac Memorial in Sydney (1934); Desert Mounted Corps Memorial in Western Australia (1932); Victoria Memorials: Avenue of Honour and Victory Arch in Ballarat (1917-1919), Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (2004), Great Ocean Road – the longest nationwide memorial (1919-1932); Hobart War Memorial in the Australian State of Tasmania (1925), as well as Villers-Bretonneux Australian National Memorial in France dedicated to French-Australian cooperation during the World War I (1938).
The authors demonstrate an inseparable connection between the commemorative practices of Australia and the politics of national identity, explore the trends in the creation and development of memorial practices. It is noted that the overwhelming majority of memorial sites are based on the clearly expressed function of a place of memory, a place of mourning and commemoration. It was found that the representation of the memorial policy of the memory of Australia in the first post-war years was implemented at the beginning at the local level and was partially influenced by British memorial practices, transforming over time into a nationwide cultural resource.
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Bamforth, Jill, Charles Jebarajakirthy, and Gus Geursen. "Understanding undergraduates’ money management behaviour: a study beyond financial literacy." International Journal of Bank Marketing 36, no. 7 (October 1, 2018): 1285–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-05-2017-0104.
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Purpose The money management behavior of undergraduates determines their smooth transition into adulthood. Economic, social and psychological factors also affect undergraduates’ money management behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how undergraduates manage and respond to economic, social and psychological factors affecting their money management behavior, and to examine whether this response changes as they make progress in their degree. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a qualitative exploratory approach, this study examined Australian undergraduates as they face many challenges to their money management behavior. The data were collected using six focus group discussions, held in three Australian universities, in which 47 undergraduates participated. Findings The findings have shown that their approach to manage spending, income, saving, peer relationships and stress changes as they make progress in their degree. However, they shared similar approaches to investment, followed parental money management advice and used technology for cost reduction, irrespective of the progress in their degree. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted with the data collected from a relatively small sample of respondents and was limited only to undergraduates. Moreover, this study was conducted in Australia, indicating that some of the results might be specific to the Australian context. Practical implications The findings of this study can be utilized by governments, financial institutions, educational institutions and parents who are interested in inculcating prudent money management behavior in undergraduates. Originality/value This study extends the scope of the literature beyond financial literacy, and has shown how undergraduates respond to economic, social and psychological aspects relating to money management behavior and how these responses vary as they make progress in their degree. This study has applied a qualitative exploratory approach, in contrast to quantitative methods which have generally been applied for studies relating to undergraduates’ money management behavior.
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Pollard, Irina. "Bioscience-bioethics and life factors affecting reproduction with special reference to the Indigenous Australian population." Reproduction 129, no. 4 (April 2005): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00268.
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The demand for equality of recognition or respect is the dominant passion of modernity. The 20th century experienced a giant leap in technological inventiveness and ruthless use of technological power. In the 21st century, human welfare and environmental wellbeing demand fundamental political appraisal. We have the means, if we choose, to eradicate poverty and to responsibly protect the global environment. However, economic, political and cultural systems act to differentially allocate the benefits and risks for growth between socioeconomic groups. For example, it is a matter of pride that the neonatal mortality rate in affluent societies has dropped substantially since the late 1970s. However, the level of infant mortality (three times the national average) and low birthweight (13%) among the Indigenous Australian population is the highest in the country. With hindsight we now know that is the inevitable legacy of Australia’s colonial history. Chronic physical and psychological stress is recognized as an important etiological factor in many lifestyle diseases of the cardiovascular, immune and reproductive systems. Diseases of adaptation are further advanced by non-adaptive lifestyle choices, depression, alcoholism and other drug dependencies. This review describes the principles of bioscience ethics and targets equity issues as they affect human reproduction across generations with particular reference to the Indigenous population of Australia. The review also considers ways we may advance global and cultural maturity from the Indigenous Australian perspective and proposes an ecologically based model of preventative care. If we are to embrace fundamental social change and protect future children without threatening parents’ basic freedoms, then new beliefs and priorities – based on a compassionate understanding of biological systems – must evolve from the general public. Belief in human rights arising from a sense of human dignity is a collective outcome originating from individual commitment. The golden rule; that is, Nature’s principle of reciprocity, is fundamental in bridging the gap between knowledge and effective action.
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Godress, Julia, Salih Ozgul, Cathy Owen, and Leanne Foley-Evans. "Grief Experiences of Parents Whose Children Suffer from Mental Illness." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01518.x.
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Objective: To examine the grief experience of parents of adult children with a mental illness and its relationship to parental health and well-being and parent child attachment and affective relationship. Methods: Participants were recruited from a variety of organizations throughout Australia that provide support services for sufferers of mental illness and/or for their families. Seventyone participants (62 mothers and nine fathers) all of whom had a child diagnosed with mental illness volunteered to take part in the study. All completed measures of grief, health status and parent-child relationship. Results: Parents reported experiencing grief in relation to their child's illness as evidenced by intrusive thoughts and feelings and avoidance of behaviour as well as difficulties adapting to and distress associated with reminders of the illness. Parental grief appears to reduce over time, but only in some aspects of grief and after an extended period. Increased parental grief was related to lowered psychological well-being and health status and associated with an anxious/ambivalent and a negative affective parent-child relationship. Conclusion: The study provides important insights into the grief experiences of parents following their child's diagnosis with mental illness. The significant relationship between parental grief and parental psychological well-being and health status as well as to parentchild relationship has important implications for health professionals. Foremost amongst these are the need to validate the distress and grief of parents and to better understand how to provide interventions that promote grief work and family bonds while reducing emotional distress and life disruption.
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Perederiy, V., and L. Skripnichenko. "To the Question of Maintaining the Professional Health of Staff in Educational Organizations." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 10, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2021-10-3-18-24.
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The article highlights the health issues, the problem of improving its parameters, which are directly related to the stable development of modern society. This topic is especially significant in the context of socio-economic instability, high inflation, rising prices for various goods and services, and the problems of implementing health policies. The physical potential and health status of the individual have a significant impact on the main areas of society, types of social and personal communications, are a source of using the appropriate channels for self-realization, preserving environmental safety. The health of employees is deteriorating under the influence of a number of factors: environmental pollution, poverty, quality of food, smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction, etc. Changes in society draw the attention of government bodies to public health problems and contribute to more productive and thorough work with labor resources.
By "professional health" the authors of the article mean a complex of psychophysiological and psychosocial individual qualities of workers that meet working conditions and ensure high efficiency of professional activity. The state of professional health of the personnel is associated with the absence of any deformations, representing the absolute psychophysical and social well-being of a person in working conditions. Simultaneously with professional health, modern researchers pay special attention to the psychological component of workers' health. Aspects such as constant overstrain, nervous and psychophysical overloads are of great interest to specialists in this field. Among the main causes of industrial accidents, overworking of workers is in the first place. The energy expenditure of workers in carrying out production tasks must be compatible with well-being. The health of the personnel is an economic value, since the efficiency and quality of labor activity of the entire enterprise depend on the efficiency, labor potential, involvement of employees in the labor process as a whole.
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Tomsen, Stephen. "Victims, Perpetrators and Fatal Scenarios: A Research Note on Anti-homosexual Male Homicides." International Review of Victimology 9, no. 3 (December 2002): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975800200900302.
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Anti-homosexual harassment and violence are often described as ‘hate’ crimes perpetrated by homophobic people who act on an extreme and irrational contempt for the sexual identity of victims, and killings are regarded as the most typical form of these incidents. But there is little detailed international research evidence about the victims, perpetrators and the social aspects of such fatal violent incidents. The author's ongoing study in New South Wales, Australia, has filled some of these gaps. It has drawn evidence from 74 homicides with male victims that occurred in New South Wales between 1980–2000. Information sources were press records, police interviews with suspects, Coroner's court files and documents from the criminal trials of accused perpetrators. Analysis of the social characteristics of victims and perpetrators and the fatal scenarios reflect the significance of situational factors (such as alcohol, illicit drugs and anonymous sexual cruising) as well as the ‘hate’ motive in this fatal violence. Some perpetrators have serious drug use or psychological problems, whereas most killers are young men and boys from socially disadvantaged backgrounds. The major scenarios of killing indicate that these crimes are linked to commonplace issues of male honour and masculine identity that are sharpened in the perpetrators’ situations by their marginal social status.
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Hollingworth, A. L. "(P1-87) Preparedness of Healthcare Facilities for an Influenza Pandemic - Protecting the Healthcare Workers." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004195.
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AimTo assess the preparedness of hospitals with respect to protecting health care workers (HCWs) during a pandemic.MethodsA self-administered questionnaire was performed between November 2009 and January 2010, and a scoring system was developed to provide a quantifiable measure of preparedness.ResultsA total of 12 hospitals in NSW, Australia, were approached – six regional hospitals (RHs) and six tertiary referral centres (TRCs). The study was extended to assess three hospitals in England, allowing a limited comparison between the hospitals in Australia that had faced the initial wave of the H1N1 (“swine flu”) pandemic and the hospitals in the UK that had more time to prepare for the outbreak. Response rates were 66% from the TRCs, 33% from the RHs, and 100% from the English hospitals. The overall preparedness scores were relatively high, with a median TOTAL score (adjusted) of 50.75 out of 70. The demographic that scored the highest Total was tertiary referral centres in Sydney. All English hospitals scored below the median. However, the range of scores across hospitals was quite narrow (45.1 – 57.1 adjusted). Scores were generally high for the areas of Preparedness, Infection control, Education and Training. Scores for Vaccination were more variable. The category that consistently demonstrated the lowest scores was that of Psychosocial Welfare and Assistance, despite this being found in previous research to be an integral part of that which HCWs have identified as important.ConclusionsGiven their integral role in pandemic response, protecting HCWs must be a priority as part of any pandemic preparedness plan. This goes beyond protection from infection, extending into aspects of physical and psychological wellbeing. Identifying these issues and addressing them is the key to maximising staff support and morale, and minimising staff absenteeism at such a crucial time.
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Clarke, David M., Ahmad Hatim, Brian Ho, Jiyang Pan, Chee Ng, Kang-Seob Oh, Wu Wenyuan, and Mak Ki-Yan. "Somatic Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in the Western Pacific Region: Questions and Answers." CNS Spectrums 14, S4 (April 2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285290002633x.
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It is a commonly held belief among mental health care providers that patients from the Western Pacific region with major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders disproportionately present with somatic symptoms as opposed to emotional symptoms. Cultural norms, such as the stigma associated with psychiatric disorders, may lead members of this population to ignore the emotional aspects of these disorders or deny the presence of psychological symptoms. Empirical support is provided by the lower prevalence of these disorders in some Western Pacific nations in relation to the rest of the world. For example, MDD rates in India (9%), Japan (2%), China (2% to 4%), Malaysia (8%) and Australia (3%) are generally lower than rates in the United States (16%) and worldwide (10%). These discrepancies may be the result of missed diagnoses. Misdiagnosis is related to the increased somatization of MDD symptoms in these populations. As defined by the WHO, the Western Pacific region consists of 37 countries with a total population of 1.8 billion people (1.3 billion in China alone) with diverse cultural backgrounds and demographic profiles, which makes the issue of cultural effects on MDD diagnosis more complex.Patients with MDD or anxiety disorders worldwide often present with somatic symptoms, which frequently accompany psychological symptoms. For example, in a recent report of pooled data from Canada, scores on the Somatic Symptoms Inventory, the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D17), and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) were used to evaluate the association between somatic symptoms and MDD. Of the 2,191 patients randomly enrolled in the study, 78% reported moderate-to-severe fatigue and weakness. Painful physical symptoms commonly occur in patients with anxiety disorders as well. In a European study, painful physical symptoms were reported by 28% of those without anxiety disorders and 45% of those with anxiety disorders.
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Febery, E., and L. Greening. "An investigation into the weaning practices used within the UK equine breeding industry sector." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200028465.
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Weaning occurs during the development of the young horse, involving maternal deprivation, abrupt nutritional challenges and social changes (Nicol, 1999) in both the free-living and domestic horse. Both psychological and physical aspects of well being can be impacted on if weaning is received with a negative response by the individual (Hoffman et al., 1995). Weaning can therefore evoke both short term and long term responses. Short term includes depressed immunity, inappetance and increased cortisol and adrenal responses. Long term changes include locomotory or oral stereotypies development (Waters et al., 2002), reduced ability to interact with other equines (Weeks et al., 2000), and affects on the human-horse bond and trainability (Sondergaard and Ladewig, 2004). There is an abundance of research discussing the advantages and disadvantages of different foal weaning practices and which is best (Waran et al., 2008). Parker et al., (2008) examined horse breeding management in Europe, North America and Australia. The USA sample population were weaned at a much earlier age with a greater percentage displaying abnormal behaviours. However there is little research to suggest which weaning methods, such as gradual or abrupt, are actively used or favoured within the horse breeding industry. The current study therefore sets out to investigate which method of weaning is most common within the UK equine breeding industry.
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Winokur, G., W. Coryell, J. Endicott, H. Akiskal, M. Keller, J. D. Maser, and M. Warshaw. "Familial depression versus depression identified in a control group: are they the same?" Psychological Medicine 25, no. 4 (July 1995): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700035042.
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SYNOPSISSubjects who meet the criteria for an affective syndrome possibly are aetiologically heterogeneous. An approach to this possibility involves examining affectively ill subjects obtained by different methods of ascertainment. This study compares depressed and manic subjects who are related to affectively ill probands with affectively ill subjects who were obtained from a study of a control population, and, therefore, were less likely to be familial. The subjects were identified in a large collaborative study of depression where both family members as well as controls were personally interviewed and followed up for 6 years after admission to the study. Data were obtained on subtypes of affective disorder using the Research Diagnostic Criteria and information was gathered about psychiatric hospitalizations, suicide attempts, alcoholism and psychological functioning prior to admission. Similar assessments were made for the comparison groups for the 6 year period between intake and follow-up. Relatives of bipolar I/schizoaffective manic probands were more likely to show mania than affectively ill controls or relatives of unipolar/schizoaffective depressed probands. Affectively ill controls were less likely to be hospitalized and less likely to suffer from an incapacitating depression. They were also likely to have functioned in a more healthy fashion than the affectively ill relatives of the bipolars and unipolars, in the 5 years before admission to the study. In the 6 year follow-up, both the subjects themselves and raters assessed the depressed controls as functioning better than the affectively ill relatives of the probands. Further, assessment of global adjustment during the 6 year period was worse for the relatives of affectively ill probands than for the depressed controls. Length of major depression was longer in relatives of bipolar and unipolar probands than in controls. Though all of the subjects in this study met research criteria for an affective illness, there were marked differences in the qualitative aspects of these illnesses with the relatives of affectively ill probands, who functioned less well and had longer and more severe episodes and more hospitalizations.
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Tetley, Carmen. "The Hague Convention: Who is Protecting the Child?" Children Australia 37, no. 4 (November 6, 2012): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2012.34.
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The Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is a multilateral treaty that seeks to protect children from the harmful effects of abduction and retention across international boundaries by providing a procedure to bring about their prompt return. The ‘Child Abduction Section’ provides information about the operation of the Convention and the work of the Hague Conference in monitoring its implementation and promoting international co-operation in the area of child abduction. There are currently 58 member countries and 22 non-member countries. Australia signed the Convention five years after its introduction. The Family Law (Child Abduction) Regulations 1986 enshrined in Australian law the principles espoused in the Convention which came into force in 1987. The Regulations are to: (a)secure the prompt return of children wrongfully removed to or retained in any contracting state, and(b)ensure that rights of custody and access under the law of one contracting state are effectively respected in the other contracting states. This paper shows that the failure of Family Courts to take account of the effects of their actions on the development and best interests of children whose return is secured can add to the psychological abuse of those who were removed from their home countries to avoid sexual abuse and violence. It suggests that the exceptions in the regulations that allow a child to remain in the new country with the primary caregiver are being ignored.
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Haldane, John. "A SUBJECT OF DISTASTE; AN OBJECT OF JUDGMENT." Social Philosophy and Policy 21, no. 1 (January 2004): 202–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052504211098.
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In recent years it has become increasingly common in the United States and in the United Kingdom for newspapers and other media to expose problematic aspects of the private lives of political (and other public) figures; or, since the facts may already be in the public domain, to draw wider attention to them and to make them the subject of commentary. These “problematic aspects” may include past or continuing physical or psychological illness, eating disorders, drug and alcohol abuse or dependence, financial difficulties, family conflict, infidelity, or certain sexual proclivities of both the political figures themselves and of their family members or intimates. In the United States, the most prominent cases are probably those of President Bill Clinton in relation to a series of alleged extramarital affairs leading up to the scandal involving White House intern Monica Lewinsky, and of President John F. Kennedy, also in relation to marital infidelities. The latter exposure was, of course retrospective, as were revelations of similar matters concerning other presidents and holders of high office. Up until the mid-1960s, while it was sometimes known to the press that politicians had “problems” in their private lives, it was rare for these to be made public. Sometimes it might be reported, or more likely hinted, that a figure had a “complex” or “difficult” personal life, and the public was left to infer whatever it might from this (generally concluding that infidelity, alcoholism, or both, were probably at issue). The recent culture of exposure results from a combination of factors, including changed attitudes toward public discussion of sexual conduct, changed standards of sexual behavior, recognition of the scale of Cold War espionage and of its practice of blackmail, a general decline in social deference, a threat to the print media posed by the growth of television, and the rise of satirical entertainment. All of these elements were present in the case that marked the establishment of the culture of exposure in the U.K.: the ‘Profumo scandal’ of 1963. For those unaware of this episode, it may be sufficient to say that it involved the then-secretary of state for war, members of the British aristocracy, a Soviet naval attaché, and a number of “society” call girls, and that it contributed to the resignation of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and the subsequent fall from power of the Conservative Party. In the United States, the culture of exposure developed somewhat later and took shape in the period of the Watergate scandal, which damaged the American public's perception of the governing classes just as the Profumo scandal had in Britain.
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Brindal, Emily, Gilly A. Hendrie, Jill Freyne, and Manny Noakes. "A Mobile Phone App Designed to Support Weight Loss Maintenance and Well-Being (MotiMate): Randomized Controlled Trial." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, no. 9 (September 4, 2019): e12882. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12882.
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Background Few people successfully maintain lost weight over the longer term. Mobile phones have the potential to deliver weight loss management programs that can encourage self-monitoring while also providing some behavioral therapy to assist users in developing personal skills that may be necessary for improved longer term weight loss maintenance. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate a program supporting weight maintenance, which uses a behaviorally based mobile phone app to manage weight, food, exercise, mood, and stress. Methods In a randomized controlled trial over 24 weeks, the full version of the app (MotiMate) was compared with a control app (monitoring only; excluding mood and stress) for its effect on weight, diet, and psychological well-being. Both apps had the same visual appearance and were designed to deliver all intervention content without face-to-face contact. The control version included features to track weight, food intake, and exercise with limited feedback and no encouraging/persuasive features. The intervention app included more persuasive and interactive features to help users track their weight, food intake, and physical activity and prompted users to enter data each day through notifications and included a mood and stress workshopping tool. Participants were recruited through advertising and existing databases. Clinic visits occurred at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. At all visits, the clinical trial manager recorded body weight, and participants then completed a computer-delivered survey, which measured psychological and lifestyle outcomes. Objective app usage data were recorded throughout the trial. Results A total of 88 adults who had lost and maintained at least 5% of their body weight within the last 2 years were randomized (45 MotiMate and 43 control). Overall, 75% (66/88) were female, and 69% (61/88) completed week 24 with no differences in dropout by condition (χ21,87=0.7, P=.49). Mixed models suggested no significant changes in weight or psychological outcomes over 24 weeks regardless of condition. Of 61 completers, 53% (32/61) remained within 2% of their starting weight. Significant increases occurred over 24 weeks for satisfaction with life and weight loss self-efficacy regardless of app condition. Diet and physical activity behaviors did not vary by app or week. Negative binomial models indicated that those receiving the full app remained active users of the app for 46 days longer than controls (P=.02). Users of the full version of the app also reported that they felt more supported than those with the control app (P=.01). Conclusions Although some aspects of the intervention app such as usage and user feedback showed promise, there were few observable effects on behavioral and psychological outcomes. Future evaluation of the app should implement alternative research methods or target more specific populations to better understand the utility of the coping interface. Trial Registration Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614000474651; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=366120
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Kearney, Karen G., and Richard E. Hicks. "Early Nurturing Experiences, Self-Compassion, Hyperarousal and Scleroderma The Way We Relate to Ourselves May Determine Disease Progression." International Journal of Psychological Studies 8, no. 4 (October 12, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v8n4p16.
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<p>Scleroderma is a rare, painful and complex autoimmune connective tissue disease that can lead to death. The physiology of symptom onset and progression and the psychological aspects of living with this chronic disease have been studied fairly extensively. However, there is limited knowledge about scleroderma and negative physiological arousal (hyper-arousal: linked to immune dysfunction resulting in autoimmunity in the face of stressful events) and how levels of hyper-arousal are related to stress experienced at an early age; to emotion regulation coping strategies such as self-compassion; and to when scleroderma is experienced (earlier or later onset). Knowledge about these relationships may be important information for the treatment of scleroderma and related illnesses. This study addressed these relationships for scleroderma by examining how hyper-arousal was linked to these psychosocial experiences of stress, to coping strategies, and to age of disease onset.</p><p>A within group design was utilized. A total of 122 participants were recruited from Australia (39) the United Kingdom (81) and country not specified (2) and invited to complete an online or a hard copy survey. Lower positive early life experiences, lower levels of self-compassion and an earlier onset of disease were all related to elevated levels of hyper-arousal in individuals diagnosed with scleroderma. A regression equation showed all three contributed significantly to the experienced hyper-arousal.<strong> </strong>The findings suggest that greater self-compassion may be a determining factor in how earlier emotional experiences are managed and in predicting lower hyper-arousal in terms of this disease.</p>
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Rose, Diana. "Critical qualitative research on ‘madness’: knowledge making and activism among those designated ‘mad’." Wellcome Open Research 6 (May 6, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16711.1.
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This paper charts the background to a project which aimed to map the knowledge being generated across the world by people silenced for centuries – the ‘mad’: a term with derogatory historical resonances but which is now being reclaimed. The idea that those designated ‘mad’ can produce knowledge is novel: ‘mad’ people are imagined as lacking rationality, and incapable of producing knowledge; they are subject to epistemic injustice. Patient engagement in research has grown in the last 20 years but we lack methodological frameworks through which such knowledge can be surfaced. One goal of the project is to let the mad speak their knowledge, often practical knowledge. To do this we had to innovate methodology. Centrally, we refuse the distinction between theory and method for these are constantly intertwined in all research. Thus, what typically comes under ‘Method’ in background papers is infused with implicit conceptualisation. We carried out 48 interviews in North America, England, Australia, New Zealand, and Eastern and Western Europe. We argue all aspects of these interviews are radically different than is usual for exploratory research in this area. Psychiatry is not central here – it is present only when present in the words of our participants; situated in material and symbolic spaces. We also seek to move away from the individualising therapies of medicines and psychological treatment because they strip participants from their situated realities. Psychiatry enters also because of what it does not do – engage with the life world of its patients. We call then for ‘recontextualisation’ of madness at all levels. The project was user-led and all researchers had experienced distress and responses to it. Future papers will develop and demonstrate this approach.
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Bonner, Carissa, Natalie Raffoul, Tanya Battaglia, Julie Anne Mitchell, Carys Batcup, and Bill Stavreski. "Experiences of a National Web-Based Heart Age Calculator for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: User Characteristics, Heart Age Results, and Behavior Change Survey." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): e19028. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19028.
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Background Heart age calculators are used worldwide to engage the public in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Experimental studies with small samples have found mixed effects of these tools, and previous reports of population samples that used web-based heart age tools have not evaluated psychological and behavioral outcomes. Objective This study aims to report on national users of the Australian heart age calculator and the follow-up of a sample of users. Methods The heart age calculator was launched in 2019 by the National Heart Foundation of Australia. Heart age results were calculated for all users and recorded for those who signed up for a heart age report and an email follow-up over 10 weeks, after which a survey was conducted. CVD risk factors, heart age results, and psychological and behavioral questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Open responses were thematically coded. Results There were 361,044 anonymous users over 5 months, of which 30,279 signed up to receive a heart age report and 1303 completed the survey. There were more women (19,840/30,279, 65.52%), with an average age of 55.67 (SD 11.43) years, and most users knew blood pressure levels (20,279/30,279, 66.97%) but not cholesterol levels (12,267/30,279, 40.51%). The average heart age result was 4.61 (SD 4.71) years older than the current age, including (23,840/30,279, 78.73%) with an older heart age. For the survey, most users recalled their heart age category (892/1303, 68.46%), and many reported lifestyle improvements (diet 821/1303, 63.01% and physical activity 809/1303, 62.09%). People with an older heart age result were more likely to report a doctor visit (538/1055, 51.00%). Participants indicated strong emotional responses to heart age, both positive and negative. Conclusions Most Australian users received an older heart age as per international and UK heart age tools. Heart age reports with follow-up over 10 weeks prompted strong emotional responses, high recall rates, and self-reported lifestyle changes and clinical checks for more than half of the survey respondents. These findings are based on a more engaged user sample than previous research, who were more likely to know blood pressure and cholesterol values. Further research is needed to determine which aspects are most effective in initiating and maintaining lifestyle changes. The results confirm high public interest in heart age tools, but additional support is needed to help users understand the results and take appropriate action.
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McCaffery, Kirsten, and Les Irwig. "Australian women's needs and preferences for information about human papillomavirus in cervical screening." Journal of Medical Screening 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0969141054855238.
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Objective: The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer and developments in medical technology to prevent cervical cancer has changed information needs for women participating in cervical screening. Design: Qualitative face-to-face interviews were conducted with 19 women diagnosed with HPV infection on their Pap smear following routine cervical screening. Setting: Family planning clinics, general practice and specialist gynaecologist practices in Sydney and the surrounding area, Australia. Main outcome measures: Women's information needs, preferences and experiences of HPV diagnosis. Results: Women wanted further information on different HPV viral types, transmission, implications for sexual partners, prevalence, latency and regression of HPV, their management options and the implications of infection for cancer risk and fertility. Uncertainty about the key aspects of HPV, the style in which the clinician communicated the result and the mode of delivering the result (letter, telephone or consultation) influenced women's psychological response to the diagnosis of HPV. The delivery of results by letter alone was linked to considerable anxiety among the women interviewed. Women's experience of searching the Internet for further information about HPV was reported as difficult, anxiety provoking and contributing to the stigma of the infection because information was often located in the context of other sexually transmitted infections, with multiple sexual partners highlighted as a risk factor for infection. Conclusion: Women participating in cervical screening need high-quality information about HPV and its role in cervical cancer prior to screening rather than afterwards, when they face an abnormal result. The clinician potentially plays an important role in moderating the effects of diagnosis through the manner and mode in which an HPV diagnosis is delivered. Revision of cervical screening policy and practice in light of the changes in the understanding of HPV is recommended.