Academic literature on the topic 'Alcoholism (Alco)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Alcoholism (Alco)"
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Lu, Ru-Band, Huei-Chen Ko, Jia-Fu Lee, Wei-Wen Lin, San-Yuan Huang, Tso-Jen Wang, Yi-Syuan Wu, Tsun-En Lu, and Yuan-Hwa Chou. "No Alcoholism-Protection Effects of ADH1B*2 Allele in Antisocial Alcoholics among Han Chinese in Taiwan." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 29, no. 12 (December 2005): 2101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000191765.49737.55.
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Bleich, Stefan, Marco Carl, Kristina Bayerlein, Udo Reulbach, Teresa Biermann, Thomas Hillemacher, Dominikus B??nsch, and Johannes Kornhuber. "Evidence of Increased Homocysteine Levels in Alcoholism: The Franconian Alcoholism Research Studies (FARS)." Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 29, no. 3 (March 2005): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000156083.91214.59.
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Pandey, Subhash C., L. J. Chandler, Kim Nixon, Fulton T. Crews, Julie G. Hensler, Wataru Ukai, and Toshikazu Saito. "Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Alcoholism." Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 29, no. 6 (June 2005): 1098–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000167959.84516.58.
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Bergeson, Susan E., Ari E. Berman, Peter R. Dodd, Howard J. Edenberg, Robert J. Hitzemann, Joanne M. Lewohl, Kerrie H. Lodowski, and Wolfgang H. Sommer. "Expression Profiling in Alcoholism Research." Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 29, no. 6 (June 2005): 1066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000171043.29384.3e.
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Koob, George F. "Alcoholism: Allostasis and Beyond." Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 27, no. 2 (February 2003): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000057122.36127.c2.
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Enoch, Mary-Anne, Marc A. Schuckit, Bankole A. Johnson, and David Goldman. "Genetics of Alcoholism Using Intermediate Phenotypes." Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 27, no. 2 (February 2003): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000052702.77807.8c.
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Fatjó, Francesc, Joaquim Fernández-Solà, Meritxell Lluís, Montserrat Elena, Eva Badía, Emilio Sacanella, Ramón Estruch, and Josep-María Nicolás. "Myocardial Antioxidant Status in Chronic Alcoholism." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 29, no. 5 (May 2005): 864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000163501.91539.1f.
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Kraus, Thomas, Anja Schanze, Michael Gröschl, Kristina Bayerlein, Thomas Hillemacher, Udo Reulbach, Johannes Kornhuber, and Stefan Bleich. "Ghrelin Levels Are Increased in Alcoholism." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 29, no. 12 (December 2005): 2154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000191753.82554.7e.
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Lyu, Longyun, Han Xie, Huaixue Mu, Qijie He, Zhaoxiang Bian, and Jun Wang. "AlCl3-catalyzed O-alkylative Passerini reaction of isocyanides, cinnamaldehydes and various aliphatic alcohols for accessing α-alkoxy-β,γ-enamides." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2, no. 7 (2015): 815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5qo00106d.
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Stoltenberg, Scott F. "Serotonergic Agents and Alcoholism Treatment: A Simulation." Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 27, no. 12 (December 2003): 1853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.alc.0000098876.94384.0a.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Alcoholism (Alco)"
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Teixeira, Renata Beltr?o. "Fermenta??o alco?lica utilizando l?quido da casca de coco verde como fonte de nutrientes." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15739.
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Previous issue date: 2007-06-15Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The liquid of the rind of green coconut (LCCV), an effluent stream from the industrial processing of green coconut rind, is rich in sugars and is a suitable feedstock for fermentation. The first step of this study was to evaluate the potential of natural fermentation of LCCV. As the literature did not provide any information about LCCV and due to the difficulty of working with such an organic effluent, the second step was to characterize the LCCV and to develop a synthetic medium to explore its potential as a bioprocess diluent. The third step was to evaluate the influence of initial condensed and hydrolysable tannins on alcoholic fermentation. The last step of this work was divided into several stages: in particular to evaluate (1) the influence of the inoculum, temperature and agitation on the fermentation process, (2) the carbon source and the use of LCCV as diluent, (3) the differences between natural and synthetic fermentation of LCCV, in order to determine the best process conditions. Characterization of LCCV included analyses of the physico-chemical properties as well as the content of DQO, DBO and series of solids. Fermentation was carried out in bench-scale bioreactors using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as inoculum, at a working volume of 5L and using 0.30% of soy oil as antifoam. During fermentations, the effects of different initial sugars concentrations (10 - 20%), yeast concentrations (5 and 7.5%), temperatures (30 - 50?C) and agitation rates (400 and 500 rpm) on pH/sugars profiles and ethanol production were evaluated. The characterization of LCCV demonstrated the complexity and variability of the liquid. The best conditions for ethanol conversion were (1) media containing 15% of sugar; (2) 7.5% yeast inoculum; (3) temperature set point of 40?C and (4) an agitation rate of 500 rpm, which resulted in an ethanol conversion rate of 98% after 6 hours of process. A statistical comparison of results from natural and synthetic fermentation of LCCV showed that both processes are similar
A utiliza??o do l?quido da casca de coco verde (LCCV) em fermenta??o surgiu como uma alternativa ao aproveitamento de um efluente, rico em a??cares ferment?veis, liberado pelas usinas de beneficiamento da casca de coco verde. A primeira fase deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial fermentativo do l?quido da casca de coco verde atrav?s da fermenta??o natural do l?quido. Por n?o possuir informa??o dispon?vel na literatura e pela dificuldade de se trabalhar com um efluente org?nico, a segunda fase foi realizar a caracteriza??o do l?quido e a elabora??o de um meio sint?tico, para melhor explorar seu potencial como diluente em bioprocessos. A terceira fase, estudar a influ?ncia de taninos iniciais condensados e hidrolis?veis em fermenta??o alco?lica. A ?ltima fase foi dividida em tr?s etapas, na qual se avaliou a influ?ncia da quantidade de in?culo no processo fermentativo; a influ?ncia da fonte de carbono e do uso de LCCV como diluente; a temperatura; a agita??o e, finalmente, o estudo comparativo entre o LCCV in natura e sint?tico, nas condi??es ?timas de processo. Para a caracteriza??o foram realizadas an?lises f?sico-qu?micas do LCCV, bem como os teores de DQO, DBO e s?rie de s?lidos. As fermenta??es foram realizadas em biorreator de bancada, com volume de trabalho de 5L, Saccharomyces cerevisiae e 0,30% de ?leo de soja como antiespumante. Nas fermenta??es foram avaliadas diferentes concentra??es de a??cares iniciais (10 a 20%) e de levedura (5 e 7,5%), e diferentes temperaturas (30 a 50?C) e agita??es (400 e 500rpm). Durante o processo foram analisados o perfil de pH e de a??cares, e a produ??o de etanol. A caracteriza??o do LCCV demonstrou a complexidade e variabilidade do l?quido. As melhores condi??es foram alcan?adas nos meios contendo 7,5% de levedura, 15% de a??cares, 40?C, sob agita??o de 500rpm, sendo obtida uma efici?ncia de convers?o em etanol de 98% ap?s 6 horas de processo. Durante o estudo comparativo do LCCV in natura e sint?tico, atrav?s dos par?metros avaliados durante a fermenta??o, um estudo estat?stico revelou a similaridade do meio sint?tico com o meio natural
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Valinhas, Raquel Valinhas e. "Isolamento, sele??o e identifica??o de leveduras selvagens com capacidade para convers?o de xilose a etanol." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1201.
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A busca por linhagens de leveduras fermentadoras de pentoses ? uma demanda do processo de produ??o de etanol a partir de substratos lignocelul?sicos. A D-xilose, proveniente dos processos de hidr?lise da hemicelulose n?o ? metabolizada por linhagens de leveduras, como as da esp?cie Saccharomyces cerevisiae, convencionalmente utilizadas na maioria dos processos industriais para obten??o de ?lcool de primeira gera??o. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo isolar leveduras naturalmente ocorrentes em biomassas vegetais e avaliar sua capacidade para converter D-xilose em etanol. O isolamento foi conduzido em meio s?lido contendo D-xilose como fonte de carbono. Os isolados foram triados por teste de produ??o de g?s em meio contendo D-xilose e os que apresentaram resultado positivo foram testados para produ??o de etanol. Dos 202 isolados de leveduras capazes de assimilar D-xilose para o crescimento, quatro linhagens apresentaram habilidade em fermentar este a??car. O potencial fermentativo das leveduras selecionadas foi avaliado em meios sint?ticos, onde foram monitorados o crescimento celular e consumo dos a??cares. O teor alco?lico foi determinado ao fim de cada ensaio e as vari?veis do processo foram calculadas. As linhagens isoladas foram identificadas como Galactomyces geotricum e Candida akabanensis, n?o havendo nenhum registro de aplica??o biotecnol?gica para produ??o de biocombust?veis a partir destas linhagens. A produ??o de etanol foi de 4,7 a 14,0 g L-1 e a efici?ncia fermentativa de at? 69%. O processo de bioconvers?o da xilose, contida em hidrolisados hemicelul?sicos, a etanol surge como perspectiva potencial para eventual aplica??o das linhagens de leveduras selecionadas.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biocombust?veis, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
The screening for new strains of pentose fermenting yeast is a demand for ethanol production process from lignocellulosic substrates. D-xylose from processes of hemicellulose hydrolysis is not metabolized by yeast strains conventionally used in industrial processes for obtaining first generation ethanol, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae species. In this context, this study aimed to isolate naturally occurring yeasts in vegetal species or its parts and assess their ability to convert D-xylose to ethanol. The isolation was carried out in solid medium containing D-xylose as only carbon source. The isolates were screened by gas production test in medium containing D-xylose and those who had positive results were tested for ethanol production. Of the 202 isolates of yeasts capable of assimilating D-xylose for growth, four strains also showed ability to ferment this sugar. The potential of fermentative selected yeasts has been reported in synthetic media, in which the cell growth and consumption of sugars were monitored. Alcohol content was determined after each run and some process variables were calculated. The isolated strains were identified as Geotricum galactomyces and Candida akabanensis, not having any biotechnological application record for production of biofuels from these species. Ethanol production achieved 4.7 to 14.0 g L-1 and the fermentative efficiency up to 69%. The bioconversion process of xylose (contained in hemicellulose hydrolysates) to ethanol appears as natural perspective for eventual application of selected yeasts.
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Goh, Hong Eng. "A new structural summary of the MMPI-2 for evaluating personal injury claimants." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001434/.
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The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is a popular measure of psychosocial functioning and psychopathology in the assessment of individuals in a variety of settings. However, the method of construction employed with the MMPI more than 60 years ago with psychiatric patients challenges the applicability of the scales for determining the psychosocial functioning of individuals from different settings. The restandardisation conducted in 1987 made no effort to eradicate the item overlap that was a result of the criterion keying method with contrasted groups. Although restandardized and updated with more contemporary language and content, the original psychiatric constructs were retained in order to maintain continuity with its predecessor. The aims of this investigation were to develop a new structure for the MMPI-2 constructed at the item-level, empirically derived and which specifically represents the dimensions that are relevant and appropriate in evaluating the psychosocial functioning of personal injury claimants. This task included comparisons with a comparable scale-level analysis and developing optimal scoring strategies where items in components and facets are allocated weightings based upon their strength of association. Study 1 was conducted using a sample of 2989 personal injury claimants assessed in Australia and the United States of America. The final sample of 3230, included 241 normal individuals, was utilized to develop a scale-level structure from 79 standard MMPI-2 scales and subscales. A nine-component solution consisting of General Maladjustment /Emotional Distress, Asocial Beliefs, Social Vulnerability, Somatic Complaints, Psychological Disturbance, Impulsive Expression, Antisocial Practices, Stereotypic Fears and Family Difficulties was derived using principal component analysis. However, intercorrelation between components in the structure signaled the need to develop a structure that would eradicate problems that were perpetuated by item overlap. The second study was conducted with a set of best practice procedures with the same clinical sample of 2989 personal injury claimants as Study 1. Forty-one components were derived through principal component analysis. Through the application of a set of criteria, a 35-component solution was retained. The pattern coefficients from the allocation of items to components determined the weightings to be applied to each item. Further analysis of the 35 components derived a substructure of 37 facets. The 35 components included only 442 of the 567 items, with the reliability coefficients of the first 25 components that ranged between .5 and .97, and the remaining 10 components that ranged from .29 to .49. The latter unreliable components were not included in the final Structural Summary, leaving 25 components (400 items) and their 33 facets for interpretation. Hence, in demonstrating the utility of the newly-derived structure, only 25 components and their 33 facets were interpreted. The 25 components were grouped conceptually into six domains. In the emotional domain were Psychological Distress (PsyDist), Anger, Fears, Psychotic Symptoms (PsyS), Paranoia (Par), Irritability (Irrit), Elation (Elat), Fear of the Dark (FD), and Financial Worry (FinWo). Somatic Complaints (SomC), Sexual Concerns (SexCon), and Gastrointestinal Problems (GasP) made up the measures in the physiological domain. In the behavioural domain were Cognitive Difficulties (CogDiff), Stimulus-Seeking (StimuS), Discipline (Dis), and Delinquency (Del) whilst the interpersonal domain was formed by Social Withdrawal (SoW), Negative Interpersonal Attitude (NIA), Timidity (Tim), Lie, Dissatisfaction with Self (DWS) and Family Relationship Difficulties (FReD). Alcoholism (Alco) was the only measure in the substance abuse domain, and the gender domain was comprised of Masculinity (Mas) and Femininity (Fem). The third study established preliminary normative means and standard deviations using a small opportunistic Australian university student sample (N = 219). No substantial gender differences were found but gender norms were maintained to facilitate comparisons with the traditional MMPI-2 approach. Comparisons of frequency of 'true' item response between the Australian university student sample and the U.S. restandardisation sample found relatively little differences and permitted evaluation of between sample differences on components and facets. The utility of the structure was demonstrated with the illustration of two clinical case examples, and a comparison was made with the standard MMPI-2 scales and subscales. The Structural Summary for the MMPI-2 demonstrated discriminative measures of psychosocial functioning that were a result of no item overlap, and the ability to attend to the different levels of intensity of self-report items because of differential weightings.
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Tonoli, Fernando César. "Adaptação de leveduras para fermentação com alto teor alcoólico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-23012017-130939/.
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No processo de produção de etanol a partir de cana-de-açúcar, a destilação do mosto fermentado resulta na geração de grande volume de vinhaça. Em média, para cada litro de etanol produzido são gerados aproximadamente 12 litros de vinhaça. Devido ao volume de vinhaça produzido e ao limite de aplicação de vinhaça por área, estabelecido pela CETESB, os gastos com o gerenciamento deste resíduo tornaram-se muito altos (R$ 17,33 por m3, considerando a distribuição por caminhão para uma distância de 20 a 25 Km). Isso levou o setor sucroenergético a buscar alternativas visando diminuir do volume de vinhaça produzida. Dentre essas alternativa, destaca-se o processo de fermentação com alto teor alcoólico. Este processo pode diminuir em até 50% o volume de vinhaça gerado, além de apresentar inúmeras vantagens técnicas, econômicas e ambientais. Por esses motivos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a adaptação das linhagens de leveduras C22 e Y904 para fermentações com altos teores alcoólicos e verificar as alterações morfológicas das linhagens C22 e Y904 ao longo do processo de adaptação e após a fermentação com alto teor alcoólico, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Para tal, foram realizadas fermentações com concentrações crescentes de açúcares nos mostos (50 à 274,52 g L-1). No ciclo de fermentação com alto teor alcoólico, a viabilidade das leveduras C22 e Y904 adaptadas foi 70,1% (83,5% e 56,7%, respectivamente); já a viabilidade média das leveduras C22 e Y904 não adaptadas foi 62% (68,8% e 55,2%, respectivamente). As imagens do MEV mostraram que a linhagem C22 adaptada apresentou aspecto morfológico de melhor resposta ao estresse exposto do que as demais leveduras. Conclui-se que a escolha da linhagem e sua adaptação prévia são fundamentais para a condução de fermentações com alto teor alcoólico.In ethanol production process, the distillation of sugarcane fermented must result in large volume of vinasse. For each liter of ethanol produced around 12 liters of vinasse are generated. Due to the vinasse application limit per area, established by CETESB, the costs to manage this waste became very high (R$ 17,33 per m3, considering the distribution by truck for a distance of 20 to 25 km). This led the sugarcane industry to seek alternatives to reduce the volume of vinasse produced. The process of fermentation with high alcohol content is one of the options; it can reduce by 50% the volume of vinasse generated and presents numerous technical, economic and environmental advantages. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to adapt the yeasts strains C22 and Y904 for fermentations with high alcohol levels and verify the morphological changes of C22 and Y904 strains in the process of adaptation and fermentation with high alcohol content, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For this purpose, fermentations with increasing concentrations of sugar in the must (50 to 274.52 g L-1) were performing. In the fermentation cycle with high alcohol content, the viability of C22 and Y904 yeast adapted was 70.1% (83.5% and 56.7%, respectively); the viability of the yeast C22 and Y904 unadapted was 62% (68.8% and 55.2%, respectively). The SEM images showed that the C22 adapted strain presented better morphological response to stress exposure than other yeast strains. We conclude that the choice of yeast strain and his previous adaptation are essential for conducting fermentations with high alcohol content.
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Lopes, Carla Diniz. "Um método de avaliação da amplitude do potencial P300 comparando indivíduos com alto risco e baixo risco para o alcoolismo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26863.
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A ocorrência de variações nos sinais de eletroencefalograma (EEG) de indivíduos que apresentam predisposição a desenvolver a doença do alcoolismo é conhecida e documentada na literatura médica e científica. Dentre as possíveis variações, encontram-se as anormalidades no potencial relacionado ao evento (ERP) P300, um dos principais endofenótipos da doença. Geralmente, este componente tem uma amplitude significativamente menor em indivíduos com alto risco (AR) de desenvolver a doença, quando comparada à amplitude observada em sinais de indivíduos com baixo risco (BR). A técnica atualmente empregada para distinguir os sinais de ERPs P300 dos indivíduos com AR e BR para desenvolver o alcoolismo é baseada na análise visual da amplitude máxima no domínio do tempo e do espectro de frequencias do sinal, obtido através da transformada de Fourier. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o estudo da identificação da predisposição ao alcoolismo, utilizando técnicas de processamento de sinais, como a transformada wavelet (WT), e de inteligência artificial, por meio das redes neurais artificiais (ANNs). A WT foi utilizada por ser mais adequada ao tratamento de sinais como os ERPs (sinais nãoestacionários), quando comparada, por exemplo, à transformada de Fourier. As redes neurais possibilitam a automatização do processo de identificação dos diferentes grupos. Através de um sistema híbrido formado por estas duas técnicas, pretende-se extrair características de sinais de ERP que identifiquem indivíduos com predisposição ao alcoolismo, e automatizar a identificação destes indivíduos. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi identificada a necessidade de aplicar um préprocessamento aos sinais de ERP, preparando-os para a transformação wavelet. Os coeficientes wavelet assim obtidos formaram os dados de entrada que alimentaram as (ANNs), as quais utilizaram o algoritmo de erro backpropagation no treinamento. Com as técnicas utilizadas, após o treinamento, as ANNs foram capazes de classificar cerca de 90% dos sinais de ERP dos indivíduos com AR e BR.The occurrence of variations in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of individuals who are predisposed to develop the disease of alcoholism is known and documented in the medical and scientific literature. Among these variations, are the abnormalities in the event related potential (ERP) P300, a major endophenotype of this disease. Generally, this component has an amplitude significantly smaller in patients at high risk (HR) of developing the disease when compared to the amplitude seen in the signals of individuals with low risk (LR). The technique currently used to distinguish signals of P300 ERPs in individuals with HR and LR for developing alcoholism is based on visual analysis of the maximum amplitude in the time domain and of the frequency spectrum of the signal, obtained via Fourier transform. The aim of this thesis is to study the identification of predisposition to alcoholism, by techniques of signal processing such as wavelet transform (WT) and artificial intelligence through artificial neural networks (ANNs). The WT was used because it is more appropriate for processing signals such as ERP (non-stationary signals), when compared, for example, to the Fourier transform. Neural networks enable the automation of the process of identifying the different groups. Using a hybrid system formed by these two techniques, it is intended to extract features of ERP signals that identify individuals predisposed to alcoholism, and automate the identification of these individuals. The research has identified the need to apply a pre-processing to the signals of ERP, preparing them for the wavelet transformation. The wavelet coefficients thus obtained formed the input data to fed the ANNs, which used the error algorithm backpropagation in training. Using these techniques, after training, the ANNs were able to classify about 90% of ERP signs of individuals with LR and HR.
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Gon?alves, Cleber Miranda. "Uso de levedura selecionada em escala piloto para a produ??o de cacha?a de alambique." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2015. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/157.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP
Cacha?a corresponds to a beverage with characteristic flavor and aroma, constituted mainly of alcohol and water plus some other components formed in small amounts during the process of fermentation, distillation and aging, and known as the secondary products of alcoholic fermentation. The yeasts and fermentation conditions are considered to be the factors that influence the flavor of alcoholic beverages, since the majority of the secondary compounds responsible for the chemical and sensory quality of the beverage are formed during fermentation. The use of selected yeasts for the production of cane spirit has been studied, with a view to increasing productivity, gaining technological advantages and improving the sensory characteristics of the beverage. This study aimed to produce cacha?a in pilot and alembic scales and evaluate the chemical composition of the beverages produced by selected strains of S. cerevisiae; verify the presence of the selected yeast at the end of the fermentation process on a pilot scale and carry out the evaluation of fermentation parameters of the selected strain in relation to commercial and wild inoculums. The following 16 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were tested: SC52, SC60, SC82, SC91, SC102, SC114, SC129, SC138, SC174, SC177, SC179, SC184, SC219, SC220, SC225 and SC229. Among these, only the SC82 strain could pursue multiplication and fermentation scheme steps to produce cacha?a in pilot and alembic scales. By RFLP mtDNA technique was possible to verify the permanence and dominance of selected yeast (SC82) at the end of fermentation process done in pilot scale. In the evaluation of fermentation parameters to S. cerevisiae strain SC82 had a shorter fermentation time (14h average) and a higher yield (48%), greater efficiency (93.94%) and a higher productivity (2.35 g/Lh) at the end of the third fermentation carried out in relation to commercial and wild inoculums. Regarding the results of the chemical analysis of cacha?a produced in pilot and still scale, only the higher alcohol levels were above that allowed by Brazilian legislation in both produced beverages.
A cacha?a corresponde a uma bebida dotada de sabor e aroma caracter?stico, sendo constitu?da principalmente de ?lcool e ?gua e de outros componentes, formados em pequenas quantidades durante o processo de fermenta??o, destila??o e envelhecimento, os quais recebem a denomina??o de produtos secund?rios da fermenta??o alco?lica. As leveduras e as condi??es de fermenta??o s?o apontadas como fatores que influenciam no sabor das bebidas alco?licas, pois a maioria dos compostos secund?rios respons?veis pela qualidade qu?mica e sensorial da bebida ? formada durante a fermenta??o. A utiliza??o de leveduras selecionadas para produ??o de cacha?a apresenta vantagens tecnol?gicas, como permite minimizar contamina??es indesej?veis, reduz o tempo de fermenta??o, aumenta a produtividade e melhora as caracter?sticas qu?micas e sensoriais da bebida. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos produzir cacha?a em escala piloto e de alambique e avaliar a composi??o qu?mica das bebidas produzidas por linhagens selecionadas de S. cerevisiae; verificar a presen?a da levedura selecionada no final do processo fermentativo em escala piloto e realizar a avalia??o de par?metros fermentativos da cepa selecionada em rela??o a in?culos comercial e selvagem. Foram testadas 16 cepas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae: SC52, SC60, SC82, SC91, SC102, SC114, SC129, SC138, SC174, SC177, SC179, SC184, SC219, SC220, SC225 e SC229. Destas, apenas a cepa SC82 conseguiu prosseguir as etapas do esquema de multiplica??o em escala piloto e em escala de alambique, bem como nas etapas do processo de fermenta??o em escala piloto e de alambique e produzir cacha?a. Atrav?s da t?cnica de RFLPmtDNA foi poss?vel verificar a perman?ncia e domin?ncia da levedura selecionada (SC82) no final do processo fermentativo feito em escala piloto. Na avalia??o dos par?metros fermentativos a S. cerevisiae cepa SC82 apresentou um menor tempo de fermenta??o (m?dia de 14 h) e um maior rendimento (48 %), uma maior efici?ncia (93,94 %) e uma produtividade (2,35 g/Lh) superior ao final da terceira fermenta??o realizada em rela??o ao in?culo comercial e ao in?culo selvagem. Em rela??o aos resultados das an?lises qu?micas da cacha?a produzida em escala piloto e da produzida em escala de alambique, apenas os teores de alco?is superiores estavam acima do permitido pela legisla??o brasileira nas duas bebidas produzidas.
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Varize, Camila de Souza. "Aumento da tolerância de Saccharomyces cerevisiae a fatores estressantes da fermentação etanólica: linhagens modificadas e suplementação de aminoácidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-03052018-112458/.
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O aumento da participação dos biocombustíveis na matriz energética mundial pode ajudar a prolongar a existência das reservas de petróleo, mitigar as ameaças representadas pela mudança climática e permitir melhor segurança do fornecimento de energia em uma escala global. Neste cenário, o processo brasileiro da produção de etanol a partir da cana-de-açúcar tem ganhado papel de destaque, pelo alto rendimento e baixo custo da produção. Linhagens de S. cerevisiae são amplamente empregadas nas fermentações industriais e, embora sejam consideradas mais tolerantes em relação a outras, o processo brasileiro impõe uma variedade de fatores estressantes sob a mesma, afetando o seu metabolismo e crescimento. A fermentação com alto teor alcoólico, realizada a partir da utilização de mostos contendo altas concentrações de açúcares, é uma das maneiras mais eficientes de se obter elevados níveis de etanol. No entanto, tal tecnologia procede ocasionando efeitos deletérios adicionais à levedura. Neste contexto, aumentar a tolerância da levedura é de fundamental importância para alcançar um desempenho fermentativo satisfatório. Neste estudo foram avaliadas linhagens de S. cerevisiae, isogênicas a linhagem industrial CAT-1, com a sobre-expressão dos genes TRP1 e MSN2, envolvidos na biossíntese de triptofano e na resposta geral ao estresse, respectivamente. Tais linhagens foram avaliadas quanto ao seu potencial para realizar fermentações com alto teor alcoólico, simulando as condições industriais brasileiras. Os resultados revelaram que o gene MSN2, na versão truncada, favoreceu a linhagem principalmente com relação ao estresse osmótico, aumentando a velocidade de fermentação e o consumo de açúcares. O gene TRP1 promoveu maior crescimento da linhagem em meio YEPD com 8% de etanol, contudo, tornou a linhagem menos viável em concentrações acima deste nível. No presente trabalho também foi avaliado o efeito da suplementação de aminoácidos na fisiologia da linhagem CAT-1 em meio YNB e em mostos de melaço e xarope de cana-de-açúcar. A suplementação com histidida promoveu maior crescimento e viabilidade celular nos diferentes meios testados. Além de histidina, os aminoácidos lisina e alanina aumentaram o crescimento da CAT-1 em mosto de melaço. A suplementação de triptofano e asparagina também promoveu aumento da viabilidade celular em mosto de xarope. Por outro lado, nos testes em microplacas a suplementação com cisteína depreciou o crescimento da linhagem em meio YNB com 10 e 12% de etanol e em mosto de melaço com 20% de ART. Os resultados obtidos indicam que tanto a engenharia genética, quanto a suplementação de aminoácidos podem ser alternativas viáveis para aumentar a tolerância de S. cerevisiae, para suportar condições de múltiplo estresse, encontradas em destilarias brasileiras.The expansion biofuels participation in the world energy matrix would help to extend the existence of fossil fuel reservoirs, mitigate the threats of climate change, and enable a better security of energy supply. The Brazilian process of ethanol production from sugarcane has gained an important role in the global energy scenario, for the high yield and low production cost. S. cerevisiae species is widely used in industrial fermentations for being resistant, but the Brazilian process imposes a variety of stressing factors to the yeast, affecting its metabolism and growth. The Very High Gravity Fermentation is performed by the utilization of musts with high sugar concentration and is one of the most efficient ways for obtaining high ethanol levels. However, this technology causes additional deleterious effects to the yeast. In this context, increasing yeast tolerance is of fundamental importance for a satisfactory fermentative performance. In this study we assessed S. cerevisiae strains - isogenic to the industrial strain CAT-1 - with over expression of TRP1 and MSN2 genes involved to tryptophan biosynthesis and in general stress response, respectively. These strains were evaluated for their potential to perform fermentations with high ethanol content, simulating the conditions of Brazilian distilleries. The results showed that the MSN2 gene in the truncated version improved strain mainly to respond to the osmotic stress, increasing in fermentation velocity and the consumption of sugars. The TRP1 gene overexpression promoted higher growth in YEPD medium with 8% ethanol, however, decreased viability at concentrations above this level. The present work also evaluated the effect of amino acid supplementation on the physiology of the CAT-1 strain in YNB medium and in molasses and syrup of sugarcane. Histidide supplementation increased the growth and cell viability in the different media tested. In addition to histidine, the amino acids lysine and alanine increased the growth of CAT-1 in molasses. Supplementation of tryptophan and asparagine also promoted increased cell viability in sugarcane syrup. On the other hand, in microplate assays, cysteine supplementation decreased growth in YNB medium with 10 and 12% ethanol, and in molasses with 20% ART. The results indicate that both genetic engineering and amino acid supplementation may be viable alternatives to increase tolerance of S. cerevisiae to supporting multiple stress conditions typical in Brazilian distilleries.
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Chen, Wan-Ru, and 陳婉如. "Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on alcoholic liver injury triggered by aldo-keto reductase 1A1 (Akr1A1) gene deficiency." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6p24fm.
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碩士國立中興大學
生命科學系所
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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The spectrum of alcohol-related liver injury varies from hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, alcoholic fibrosis to irreversible cirrhosis. Alcohol is emerging as the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The severity and prognosis of alcohol-induced liver disease depends on the amount, duration of alcohol consumption, diet as well as genetic predisposition of an individual. AKR1A1 is a member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, which is encoded by the AKR1A1 gene. The enzyme catalyze the reduction of various aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols in an NADPH-dependent manner and participate in the detoxification. Aldehyde reductase deficiency contribute to cell damage because of toxic substances stimulation AKR1A1 acts as an aldehyde-reducing and detoxifying enzyme in organism, the association of alcohol-induced liver disease remains to be explored. In this study, the first aim of the experiment will establish the model of alcohol-induced liver injury in AKR1A1 deficient mice and their genetic background ICR mice, revealing the susceptibility of AKR1A1 deficiency to alcoholic liver injury. The 9-week-old ICR and AKR1A1eGFP/eGFP mice were divided into four groups that was used to fed Lieber-Decarli diet containing 1-4% alcohol liquid diet or an isocaloric (Pair-fed) control diet adjusted by 1 weeks. The mice were fed 5 % alcohol for 8 weeks at 10-week-old. The results showed that alcohol caused abnormal liver function, hepatic triglyceride accumulation and steatosis in AKR1A1eGFP/eGFP mice. Alcohol consumption increases the CYP2E1 levels, leading to lipid peroxidation and lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal , increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β protein level and the risk of death. Interestingly, Alcohol did not cause liver injury significant in ICR mice. However, alcohol feeding increased hepatic AKR1A1 protein level. It shows that the genetic defect of aldehyde reductase susceptibility to alcohol. Over the years, growing number of studies have provided evidence in support the potential of mesenchymal stem cells to fixing genetic disorders. Therefore, the second aim of the experiment is to evaluate whether aldehyde reductase function repaired by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after cell transplantation to further improve liver injuury caused by aldehyde reductase deficiency. First, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted by tail vein injection, and the mice were sacrificed four weeks after transplantation. Some mesenchymal stem cells were found in the liver by fluorescence microscopy and stem cell surface marker staining. IHC staining showed that the liver of AKR1A1eGFP/eGFP mice ecpressed aldehyde reductase after cell transplantation. Then observe the repair of liver damage, Hierarchy confirmed that mesenchymal stem cells release paracrine factors TGFβ and HGF involved in hepatocyte repair, and reduce hepatic triglyceride accumulation, steatosis and restore liver function, enhance antioxidant GSH content and decreased CYP2E1 protein levels, reduce lipid peroxidation products MDA, 4-HNE damage liver and effectively decreases the inflammation. It was shown that aldehyde reductase increases the susceptibility of mice to alcoholic liver injury. In conclusion, we confirmed the importance of aldehyde reductase in alcoholic liver injury and has potential as an animal model for studying alcohol related diseases.
Books on the topic "Alcoholism (Alco)"
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Luigi, Picci Rocco, ed. Alcol, alcolici, alcolismo. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1990.
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Alcoh?olicos an?onimos: El relato de c?omo muchos miles de hombres y mujeres se han recuperado del alcoholismo. New York: Alocholics Anonymous World Services, 1990.
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Ugolini, Paolo. Alcol e buone prassi sociologiche: Ricerca, osservatori, piani di zona, clinica, prevenzione. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2013.
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Aráuz, José Antonio Baca. El alcoholismo es algo más que una enfermedad. Managua: Pavsa, 1998.
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Annovi, Claudio, Roberta Biolcati, and Renato Di Rico. Manuale di prevenzione dei problemi alcol-correlati negli ambienti di lavoro. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2006.
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Kuusi, Hanna. Viinistä vapautta: Alkoholi, hallinta ja identiteetti 1960-luvun Suomessa. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2003.
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Alcol e giovani: Cosa è cambiato in vent'anni. Roma: Carocci, 2012.
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Alco holism: The facts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
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Flanagan, Owen. Identity and Addiction. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0051.
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Chapter 51 focuses on the subjective side of alcoholism, specifically about what memoirs of alcoholism teach about alcoholism, and argue that a common theme in many memoirs is that drinking, sometimes heavy drinking, a prerequisite of addiction, was modelled, endorsed, and eventually achieved in a way that involves deep identification, and also argues that alcoholic memoirs, even assuming that they suffer from objectivity problems such as the latter, nonetheless serve an important function, and not just whatever cathartic function they serve for the author.
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Maria, Marchese Consiglio Anna, and Blandino Mario, eds. Alcol, alcolismo, alcolisti. Palermo: Flaccovio, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Alcoholism (Alco)"
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Djos, Matts G. "Alcoholism in Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises: A Wine and Roses Perspective of the Lost Generation." In Writing Under the Influence, 13–27. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230109131_2.
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Pengelly, Andrew. "Polysaccharides." In The constituents of medicinal plants, 147–67. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243079.0009.
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Abstract Polysaccharides are universal in the plant and fungal kingdoms. Their functions include food storage, protection of membranes, and maintaining rigidity of cell walls in plants and fungi, whereas for seaweeds they help maintain the flexibility required for life in the ocean. Polysaccharides play significant roles in the activity of numerous herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine and Japanese (Kampo) medicine. Polysaccharides are insoluble in organic solvents; they precipitate in alcohol. Herbal tinctures, which are made using alcoholic solvents of 45% strength or higher, are therefore of little use for polysaccharide extraction. The degree of water solubility depends on the polysaccharide structure. Linear polymers (mucilages) are less water soluble and tend to precipitate at high temperatures and form viscous or slimy solutions. Branched polymers (gums) are more water soluble and form gels, often referred to as 'gummy' or 'sticky'. Examples of carbohydrate polymers and their sources and significance to plants and humans are shown in this chapter. Tabulated data are also given on selected medicinal mushrooms, their polysaccharides and therapeutic uses, as well as on inulin-containing species of herbs from the Asteraceae family.
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Sommerville, Diane Miller. "The Accursed Ills I Cannot Bear." In Aberration of Mind, 151–78. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643304.003.0006.
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Confederate veterans returned home, many of them broken physically and mentally, their manhood obliterated. They suffered from war trauma, but also from the humiliation of defeat, the destruction of the Confederacy, loss of their slaves, uncertainty about their future, financial ruin and political impotence. Many veterans, with physical and mental wounds, struggled to reintegrate into civilian life. Their identities as men had been undercut by war and defeat. This chapter traces the trek of southern veterans -- including former POWs, amputees, alcoholics, and addicts -- as they struggled to regain status in the home and in their communities. The most severe cases of veterans suffering the effects of war trauma entered insane asylums with symptoms today we know to be associated with PTSD: violence, paranoia, startle reflex, depression, anxiety, alcoholism or addiction, suicidal thoughts or behavior. Yet Southerners largely failed to grasp the causal link between mental illness and veterans’ military experiences. Struggling veterans exhibited social pathologies like marital conflict and the inability to hold a job. Suicide provided an exit from failure and suffering.
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Taves, Ann. "Seeking." In Revelatory Events. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691131016.003.0009.
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This chapter considers Bill Wilson's personal spiritual journey, focusing on the personal views that he downplayed for the sake of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Personally, Wilson did not view his sudden experience as the great event that transformed his life simply because it released him from his alcoholic cravings (the AA perspective), but also as an opening to another reality that convinced him of certain spiritual facts and initiated a lifelong process of psychospiritual investigation that included spiritualism, parapsychology, Catholicism, mysticism, and LSD. Whereas AA embodied a tacit perennialism in its structure and organization that could be overridden by various theological perspectives, Wilson was an explicit perennialist with Catholic proclivities who viewed his own unusual experiences—spiritualist, mystical, and drug-induced—as different ways of entering into the unseen Reality.
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Earnshaw, Steven. "Charles Jackson, The Lost Weekend (1944): life projects." In The existential drinker, 98–117. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719099618.003.0005.
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Charles Jackson’s novel The Lost Weekend is usually seen as an indictment of alcoholics, an accurate depiction of their self-deceptions and lying to others, with an accusation that drinking is no more than an escape, a failure to face up to personal and social responsibility. As with other books with protagonists who commit to drinking, possible reasons are given for the failing self (suppressed homosexuality; relationship with the parents; unsuccessful career), but such interpretations miss the significance of repetition in this novel: the drinker continually faces his demons in a manner that London’s John Barleycorn argues is more truthful than the evasions of everyday sobriety. Unlike the Hollywood film version of the novel (which brought ‘alcoholism’ as a serious issue into the cultural mainstream), Jackson’s narrative is unusual in that rather than offering an ending which sees the death of the drinker or his reformation, it shows the character wondering what all the fuss is about and preparing himself for another binge. The chapter analyses the novel’s various conceptualisations of self and alcohol, its knowing engagement with psychiatry and psychology, the figure of the writer-drinker, and also covers its treatment of temporality.
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Frank, Yitzchak. "Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities Associated with Liver Disease and Wilson Disease." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0021.
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Liver diseases may be associated with neurological abnormalities, more commonly with central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction (Lewis and Howdle 2003; Lockwood 1995; Raskin and Rowland 1995; Steinberg and Frank 1993; Victor and Rothstein 1992). Consequently, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities are commonly present in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. Cognitive impairment may include impairments of memory, attention, and executive and motor functions, can be initially mild and then progress into overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (Collie 2005; O’Carroll 2007). Specific patterns of cognitive dysfunction have been investigated. Selective attention deficits and abnormalities of motor skills in the absence of impairment in general intellect, language, or visuospatial skills have been described, suggesting abnormalities of the basal ganglia as the pathophysiology for cognitive dysfunction in cirrhotic patients, at least in the early stages of HE (McCrea et al. 1996). We need to be aware of the fact that cognitive abnormalities may also be related to the etiology of liver disease (hepatitis C virus, Wilson disease, alcoholic liver disease [ADL]). Chronic alcoholism, a common etiology for liver disease in adults, may cause cognitive impairment of executive functions, including working memory, independent of the effect of the liver disease or impairment in the formation and retrieval of new memory in the case of Wernicke- Korsakoff disease. When ALD is present in addition to alcoholism, the result may be an increased severity of the same profile of deficits. Central and peripheral nervous system manifestations can be part of an infection with hepatitis virus. Encephalitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and polymyositis are infrequent complications of hepatitis A and B (Peters 1989). Central nervous system manifestations of these diseases include encephalopathy, pyramidal signs, and myoclonus. Similarly, hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection may be associated with extrahepatic syndromes including those affecting the nervous system (Hilsabek 2003). Circulating immune complexes containing hepatitis B antigens have been detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adult patients at the height of neurologic symptoms, but it is unclear whether this is due to intrathecal synthesis or whether it reflects blood–brain barrier dysfunction (Peters 1989).
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Calvert, Jack, Abdelwahid Mellouki, John Orlando, Michael Pilling, and Timothy Wallington. "Rate Coefficients and Mechanisms for the Atmospheric Oxidation of the Alcohols." In Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Oxygenates. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199767076.003.0005.
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The presence of alcohols in the atmosphere is attributable to natural and anthropogenic sources (e.g., Graedel, 1978). They are released into the atmosphere as a result of their use as fuels (e.g., methanol, ethanol), fuel additives (e.g., ethanol), solvents (e.g., ethanol, propanol) and as starting materials or intermediates for organic synthesis in a large number of industries (e.g., isobutanol, isopentanol, hexylene glycol). Vegetation also provides a significant source of alcohols to the atmosphere (Kesselmeier and Straudt, 1999; Fall, 2003). A number of saturated and unsaturated alcohols have been identified to be biogenically emitted (e.g., methanol, ethanol, methylbutenol, linalool, Z-hex-3-en-1-ol “leaf alcohol”). High ambient concentrations of certain alcohols have been measured in some areas, up to 68 ppb for ethanol in Porto Alegre, Brazil (Grosjean et al., 1998a) and up to 3 ppb for 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol in the Colorado mountains (Goldan et al., 1993). Amore complete description of the emission sources and ambient concentrations of alcohols is given in chapter I. Reaction with OH radicals is the dominant atmospheric loss process for the saturated alcohols while reactions with NO3, O3, and photolysis are negligible.
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Chimelli, Leila, and Françoise Gray. "Acquired Metabolic Disorders." In Escourolle and Poirier's Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 205–26. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929054.003.0009.
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This chapter describes and illustrates the neuropathological changes observed in a wide range of systemic acquired metabolic diseases that affect the central and/or peripheral nervous system: hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hyperthermia, disorders of serum electrolytes, vitamin deficiencies, and exogenous intoxications, particularly alcoholism and intoxications by drugs, methanol, and heavy metals. It also considers CNS changes secondary to systemic diseases, including respiratory encephalopathies, hepatic encephalopathy, multifocal necrotizing leukoencephalopathy, and paraneoplastic encephalomyelopathies.
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"Delbert." In Oral History Reimagined, 93–150. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3420-5.ch003.
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Delbert has battled the plague of alcoholism for most of his adult life. The death of his younger brother and faithful drinking partner to cirrhosis of the liver would have seemed to serve as a wake-up call. Not only did it not curtail his behavior, he showed up drunk at the funeral. Alcoholism has cost Delbert his family as well as an untold number of jobs. When the author first met him over 30 years ago, he had already abandoned his wife and three children and moved in with his mother. Although he has cohabitated intermittently with several girlfriends since, his primary place of residence remains his mother's house. Not surprisingly, Delbert has also struggled with chronic unemployment. The few odd jobs that he manages to find never last very long because he either quits or gets fired. Although he occasionally earns money through silversmithing, Delbert subsists day-to-day mainly through freeloading off of his mom and girlfriend(s). His desultory lifestyle is both exacerbated and fueled by a lack of hope. This chapter introduces Delbert.
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Neulinger, Agnes, Tino Bech-Larsen, Jacob Rosendahl, Audur Hermannsdóttir, Regina Karveliene, Hans Rüdiger Kaufmann, Yianna Orphanidou, Janka Petrovicová, and Annemien van der Veen. "Consumption Patterns and Cultural Values in Europe." In Consumption Culture in Europe, 211–57. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2857-1.ch006.
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The chapter focuses on cultural differences in consumption across Europe and describes general attitudes towards consumption and brands, the significance of shopping, and how these are linked to the motives of consumption of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. These topics have been analysed using the Hofstede dimensions, and the evaluation also considers regional differences within the European Union. The main objective of this research is to attempt to understand consumption patterns and national cultural dimensions, general consumption values, and what their connections are to alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinking patterns. The main research question is how cultural styles influence consumption styles within Europe. This analysis concluded that some European societies are more adaptable to cross-cultural influence than others in relation to beverage consumption. The authors’ findings suggest that the cultural dimensions identified by Hofstede supported the understanding of cultural differences related to purchasing, brands and beverage consumption both at national and individual levels. However, there is an overlap between some countries in their drinking behaviour, which supports the claim that existing cultural patterns cannot fully explain the new beverage trends, especially in alcohol consumption. This indicates the necessity of a shift toward new dimensions with regard to beverage consumption and/or eventually consumer behaviour.
Conference papers on the topic "Alcoholism (Alco)"
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Kakihara, Takahiro, and Kiyoshi Yanagihara. "Development of Bio-Mass Fuel for Small Displacement Engine to Reduce CO2: Feasibility of Disposed Alcoholic Beverages as Bio-Mass Source." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54736.
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This study deals with bio-ethanol distilled from disposed alcoholic beverages. Through the various experiments while using a small displacement engine which is equipped with electric fuel injection (E.F.I.) system, the feasibility of the disposed alcoholic beverages; leftover-beer is investigated as one of the bio-mass sources. Currently bio-masses are classified into the following seven bio-mass sources, livestock excreta, sewage sludge, human waste sludge, waste of food, agricultural residue, wood-based (wood chips) bio-mass and crops. In those bio-mass sources, the authors pay their attention to the amount of leftover-beer after a banquet. Our investigation clarifies that about 12 l of beer is left and disposed after a banquet of 150 people. Since beer contains 5% alcohols, 600 cc of ethanol can be obtained without fermentation process. Thus in order to obtain alcohol as a fuel, in collaboration with some hotels, leftover-beer is collected. As to a fuel, higher concentration of distilled alcoholic beverages is preferable. Therefore a new double distillation system is developed to separate water, and 85.9% bio-ethanol fuel is produced from 5% alcoholic density of leftover-beer. The ethanol evaporation characteristic of this bio-ethanol is investigated, it is equal to 98% ethanol reagent. This showed that it can be mixed with gasoline. Also, in order to confirm its performance as a fuel, the obtained ethanol is experimented with 121 cc of small displacement engine which is equipped with E.F.I. system. The results of this experiment are compared to unleaded gasoline and showed that it has the same performance of engine power, especially in case of before top dead center (B.T.D.C.) 15.0 deg.. We also calculated the volume of CO2 emission discharged in distilled ethanol under driving conditions B.T.D.C. 15.0 deg., 4000 rpm, for 1 hour. The CO2 production of distilled ethanol is 34.4 kgCO2, on the other hand, CO2 production of unleaded gasoline is 2.82 kgCO2. This result shows that the system with high energy efficiency to separate ethanol and water is desired. Furthermore, the density of acetaldehyde from exhaust gas is analyzed. An extremely low reading of 28 ppm is obtained. The results prove the effect of acetaldehyde to the human body is negligible. Finally, employing 50 cc motorcycles with our developed E.F.I. system, experiment with bio-mass ethanol is executed. The results proved the feasibility of our developed bio-ethanol can be a new low emission bio-mass source.
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Mirci, Liviu E., Sorina Boran, Paula Luca, and Victor Boiangiu. "Synthetic Lubricants Based on Sebacic Complex Esters." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63049.
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The paper present the results carried out in order to produce synthetic ester oils with a complex structure on the basis of sebacic acid with beneficial tribological properties. Three series of unsymmetrical diesters have been synthesized by taking into account superior aliphatic alcohols such as 2-ethyl-hexanol, isodecanol and isotridecanol along with special alcohols of a complex alkyl-aryl structure, namely 2-phenoxy-ethanol, 2-[(o sec butyl)-phenoxy] ethanol and 2-[(p-nonyl)-phenoxy] ethanol, respectively. There were also synthesized the symmetrical (homogeneous) esters based on these special aliphatic-aromatic alcohols.
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Kumar, Naveen, Sidharth Bansal, and Vipul Vibhanshu. "Potential Utilization of Higher Alcohols in Unmodified Diesel Engine." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64618.
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India does not have large reserves of crude petroleum and spends a huge amount of foreign exchange for importing crude petroleum. The environmental degradation caused by burning of petroleum derived fuels is also causing an ecological imbalance. Research is carried world over on renewable fuels which could either be used as an extender or substitute to petroleum origin fuels and in this context alcohols such as ethanol and butanol have an immense potential. The earlier work on use of alcohols as a blend with diesel in the compression ignition engine has suggested reduction in emissions, however, problems such as phase separation and increase in fuel consumption has also been encountered while utilizing ethanol in diesel engines. To alleviate this problem, isobutanol has the potential to be used along with ethanol to make a homogenous blend without any phase separation and simultaneous advantage of alcohol being an oxygenated fuel which shall improve the combustion and reduce emission. The present study was carried out to explore the potential utilization of ethanol-isobutanol-diesel blends (containing up to 20% ethanol-isobutanol mixture in equal proportions) in compression ignition engine. Three blends were prepared having 5%, 10%, 20% ethanol-isobutanol mixtures respectively and calorific value, kinematic viscosity; specific gravity and density of blends were found to decrease with increase in ethanol-isobutanol percentage. The engine trial was conducted on an unmodified diesel engine to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics on ethanol-isobutanol-diesel blends and results were compared with baseline data of diesel. The results obtained from the engine trial suggested that brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) decreased for the blends and considerable reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was observed with blends with a small increase in unburnt hydrocarbon (UBHC). The nitrogen oxide (NOx) and smoke emissions were also found to reduce for the ethanol-isobutanol-diesel blends.
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de Barros Bouchet, M. I., C. Matta, J. M. Martin, and L. Joly-Pottuz. "Superlubricity of Steel Surfaces in Presence of Polyhydric Alcohols." In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71004.
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Anomalous low friction of hydrogen-free tetrahedral hybridized carbon (ta-C) coated surfaces lubricated by pure glycerol was observed at 80°C. In the presence of glycerol, the friction coefficient is below 0.01 at steady state, corresponding to so-called superlubricity regime. This new mechanism of superlow friction is attributed to easy glide on tribo-formed OH-terminated surfaces. In addition to the formation of OH-terminated surfaces but at a lower temperature, we show here some evidence that superlow friction of polyhydric alcohols could also be associated with tribo-induced degradation of glycerol, producing a nanometer-thick film containing organic acids and water. Second, we show novel outstanding superlubricity of steel surfaces directly lubricated by a solution of myo-inositol in glycerol at ambient temperature (25°C). For the first time, under boundary lubrication at high contact pressure, friction of steel is below 0.01 in the absence of any long chain polar molecules. Mechanism is still unknown but could be associated with friction-induced dissociation of glycerol and interaction with steel surface.
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Belova, I. V., E. N. Grunina, and N. V. Glumova. "Prospects for the integrated processing of rosemary in the Crimea." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-4.
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A complex technology for processing raw rosemary is proposed. This technological scheme allows making maximum use of the phytopotential of Rosmarinus officinalis L. raw materials and expanding the range of essential oil products. As a result of complex processing, it is possible to obtain not only rosemary essential oil but also such additional products as natural fragrant water, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of rosemary, etc. These products will allow the processing company to gain extra income and will be in demand in various industries.
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He, Xin, John C. Ireland, Bradley T. Zigler, Matthew A. Ratcliff, Keith E. Knoll, Teresa L. Alleman, Jon H. Luecke, and John T. Tester. "The Impacts of Mid-Level Alcohol Content in Gasoline on SIDI Engine-Out and Tailpipe Emissions." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35106.
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The influences of ethanol and iso-butanol on gasoline engine performance, engine-out and tailpipe emissions were studied using a General Motors (GM) 2.0L turbocharged gasoline spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine. U.S. federal certification gasoline (E0), two ethanol-blended fuels (E10 and E20), and 11.7% iso-butanol blended fuels were tested. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure non-regulated species including methane, ethylene, acetylene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, isobutylene, 1,3-butadiene, n-pentane, and iso-octane. A Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) spectrometer was used to measure the particle number (PN) size distribution in the range from 5.6 to 560 nm. The regulated emissions total hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were also measured. Both engine-out and tailpipe emissions results are presented as functions of alcohol content. In general, the alcohols tested reduced total PN emissions, with iso-butanol demonstrating the greatest reduction. Increasing ethanol content and iso-butanol increased formaldehyde emissions, with iso-butanol exhibiting the highest increase. Iso-butanol increased iso-butylene emission; however, it reduced emissions of 1,3-butadiene. Within the context of this study, the alcohols did not significantly change the other regulated emissions.
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Zhou, Apeng, Shirin Jouzdani, and Ben Akih-Kumgeh. "Reduced Chemical Kinetic Models of C1 - C4 Alcohols Using the Alternate Species Elimination Approach." In ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7114.
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Abstract This study presents four separate reduced chemical kinetic models of methanol/ethanol, propanol isomers, n- and iso-butanol, and n- and s-butanol isomers, derived from a comprehensive chemical kinetic model of C1-C5 alcohols using the Alternate Species Elimination approach. It is motivated by complexity of the detailed model (comprising 600 species and 4100 elementary reactions) and the need for simpler kinetic models for analysis of combustion of smaller alcohols. The reduced models are obtained on the basis of ignition delay time simulations with imposed thresholds on the resulting normalized changes in ignition delay times. The following reduced models are obtained: methanol/ethanol: 38 species and 197 reactions; propanol isomers: 68 species and 419 reactions; n- and iso-butanol: 140 species and 745 reactions; and n- and s-butanol: 134 species and 739 reactions. Predictions of ignition delay times by the reduced models are found to be in good with the detailed models. The reduced models are further tested against other relevant combustion properties. These properties include burning velocities of laminar premixed flames, global pyrolysis time scales, and heat release timing in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition engines. This verification shows that reduced models can replace the comprehensive model in combustion analysis without loss of predictive performance. The reduced models can also serve as starting models for developing combined chemical kinetic models of gasoline/diesel and alcohol blends.
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Shao, Xue-Feng, Jun Wang, and Li-Wu Fan. "Non-Isothermal Phase Change Behaviors of Binary Mixtures of D-Dulcitol and Pentaerythritol As Novel Heat Storage Materials." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87643.
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As a promising Phase Change Material (PCM) candidate for low-to-medium temperature (100–250 °C) latent heat storage, sugar alcohols undergo serious supercooling during cool-down for crystallization. Technical efforts need to be dedicated to suppression or control of the supercooling of sugar alcohols. In this work, the supercooling of D-dulcitol, with a melting point of around 186 °C, was attempted to be reduced by mixing with a solid-solid PCM Pentaerythritol (PE) as the nucleation agent, which has a solid-solid phase transition temperature (∼186 °C) similar to the melting point of d-dulcitol. Such novel binary mixtures were prepared by dispersing PE powders at various mass fractions into d-dulcitol melt. The non-isothermal phase-change-related properties, with emphasis on the crystallization properties, were tested on a heat-flux differential scanning calorimeter at a constant heating/cooling rate of 5 °C/min. The preliminary results showed that both the crystallization point and latent heat of crystallization strongly depend on the mass fraction of PE, and both decrease in magnitude with the increasing in mass fraction of PE. The degree of supercooling of the binary mixtures also depend on the mass fraction of PE, and a reduction of up to 10 °C was obtained at 50 wt.% PE, as a result of the decrease in the melting points of the binary mixtures.
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Sinichenko, Vladimir, and Galina Tokarevа. "Тhe Growth of Smuggling of Excise Goods in the Eastern Russian Empire in the Early 20th Century." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2020. Baikal State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3017-5.14.
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The article states that after the introduction of customs in the Russian Far East in the late XIX century the growth of smuggling along the land and sea border in the Russian Far East began. Alcohol was the main smuggling commodity. For the production and subsequent smuggling of alcohol in the territory of North-East China — Manchuria, factories were created, which produced alcoholic products supplied both in Transbaikalia, and Priamurye and Primorye. A major role in countering smuggling was played by the ranks of the Korchem guards, who not only identified small smugglers — Chinese and Kazacks, but also detained representatives of Manchurian alcohol factories together with Russian police officers.
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Cheta, Ayman. "Counterfeit and Rogue Industrial Parts and Materials, and Their Impact on Safety and Reliability." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61197.
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Counterfeit and rogue industrial parts and materials are a worldwide problem that can put workers and public safety at risk. Undetected counterfeit and rogue items may cause electrical or mechanical failure that may lead to death, personnel injury, or property damage. Although statistics are available for the fatalities caused by counterfeit alcoholic beverages, baby foods and medicine, there is no statistical data available for the impact of counterfeit and rogue parts and materials on the industry. This paper provides some examples of actual incidents in the industry in order to demonstrate the seriousness of the problem. The paper also provides some guidance on what the petrochemical industry can do to mitigate the risk.