Journal articles: 'Alcoholics Anonymous'

1

Vaillant, George E. "Alcoholics Anonymous: Cult or Cure?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 6 (June 2005): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01600.x.

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Objective: To discuss the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the safety of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) in the treatment of alcoholism. Method: The published works on effective treatments for alcoholism is briefly reviewed and a prospective multidisciplinar y follow-up of recovery from alcoholism in two community cohorts of adolescent males followed from 1940 until the present day is reviewed. Conclusions: The suggested mechanism of action of AA is that it employs four factors widely shown to be effective in relapse prevention in addictions: external supervision, substitute dependency, new caring relationships and increased spirituality. In addition, AA serendipitously follows the principles of cognitive behaviour therapy in relapse prevention. Alcoholics Anonymous appears equal to or superior to conventional treatments for alcoholism, and the skepticism of some professionals regarding AA as a first rank treatment for alcoholism would appear to be unwarranted. Alcoholics Anonymous is probably without serious side-effects.

2

Minogue, S. J. "ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS." Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 1, no. 6 (August 27, 2010): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1953.tb00054.x.

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3

Flores, Philip J. "Alcoholics Anonymous." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 5, no. 1-2 (December 19, 1988): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v05n01_06.

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4

Streifel, Cathy, and Heather Servanty-Seib. "Alcoholics Anonymous." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 24, no. 3 (October 17, 2006): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v24n03_05.

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5

Globetti, Gerald, and David R. Rudy. "Becoming Alcoholic: Alcoholics Anonymous and the Reality of Alcoholism." Social Forces 65, no. 4 (June 1987): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579040.

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6

Wiener, Carolyn. "Becoming Alcoholic: Alcoholics Anonymous and the Reality of Alcoholism (Book)." Sociology of Health and Illness 10, no. 1 (March 1988): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11340144.

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7

Lorenz, D. C. G. "Alcoholics Anonymous Revisited." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 4, no. 4 (1989): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap1989449.

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8

Winegar, Norman, Tedd A. Stephens, and E. Douglas Varney. "Alcoholics Anonymous and the Alcoholic Defense Structure." Social Casework 68, no. 4 (April 1987): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948706800404.

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9

Emener, William G., and J. Fred Dickman. "Significant Demographic Characteristics of Persons Recovering from Alcoholism and Other Drugs." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 23, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.23.1.3.

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The primary purpose of this study was to identify the existence of, and relationships among, selected demographic variables of persons recovering from alcoholism. A sample of 229 recovering alcoholics voluntarily remained after their Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and completed a 57 item “Alcoholism Treatment Survey”. Findings are simultaneously presented and discussed within 14 specific demographic areas of investigation with special attention to three overall constructs: (a) gender, viz, women's issues; (b) age, viz, younger (13-32), middle (33-45) and older (46-73); and (c) Alcoholics Anonymous, viz, its make up and composition. Conclusions and recommendations pertinent to prevention, treatment and future research are offered.

10

Peterson, Warren A., and Milton A. Maxwell. "The Alcoholics Anonymous Experience." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 1 (January 1985): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2070421.

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11

Tonigan, J. Scott. "Spirituality and Alcoholics Anonymous." Southern Medical Journal 100, no. 4 (April 2007): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/smj.0b013e31803171ef.

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12

Reigle, Nancy, and E. Thomas Dowd. "Predicting Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation." Health Education Journal 63, no. 1 (March 2004): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001789690406300112.

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13

Chang, J. "Working with Alcoholics Anonymous." BMJ 324, no. 7347 (May 18, 2002): 155S—155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7347.s155.

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14

Arkowitz, Hal, and Scott O. Lilienfeld. "Does Alcoholics Anonymous Work?" Scientific American Mind 22, no. 1 (March 2011): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamericanmind0311-64.

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15

Vourakis, Christine. "Spirituality and Alcoholics Anonymous." Journal of Addictions Nursing 24, no. 4 (2013): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jan.0000000000000012.

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16

Mäkelä, Klaus. "Alcoholics Anonymous in Finland." Nordisk Alkoholtisdkrift (Nordic Alcohol Studies) 12, no. 5-6 (October 1995): 245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072595012005-605.

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The Finnish AA started early, and continues to be one of the strongest in Europe. The early growth was spectacular, and continued at a high and relatively stable pace in the 1960s and '70s. In the '80s, the growth rate decreased markedly, and in the early '90s there was almost a standstill. The Finnish AA is strong, autonomous and somewhat secluded, but not isolated. There is a strong emphasis on organizational independence, equality, and direct democracy, accentuated by the lack of non-alcoholics as trustees. Every group can also send their representative directly to the annual meetings. The AA meetings tend to be small, intimate and secluded. Circular seating arrangements, speaking in seating order and the lack of speakers' meetings symbolize the basic equality of all participants, in a way reminiscising radical Protestantism. Other parallels are the sparseness of rituals and the suspicious attitude to rhetoric skills and outward enthusiasm. Although AA has an easy access to most treatment institutions, it has not been intimately involved in the treatment system, and the public sales to non-members is insignificant. The organization is working smoothly, and there are no financial problems. But as a social movement, AA in Finland may stand at a watershed, destined as it is either to grow or recede.

17

Seiberling, John F. "Origins of Alcoholics Anonymous." Employee Assistance Quarterly 1, no. 1 (June 30, 1985): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j022v01n01_04.

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18

McGee, Eileen M. "Alcoholics Anonymous and Nursing." Journal of Holistic Nursing 18, no. 1 (March 2000): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089801010001800104.

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19

Sachs, Kenneth S. "Psychotherapy and Alcoholics Anonymous." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 24, no. 3 (October 17, 2006): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v24n03_04.

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20

Giuffra, Luis A. "A proposed mechanism of action for the Twelve steps of Alcoholics Anonymous." Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatria 78, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v78i1.2358.

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Among peer-support groups for alcoholics, Alcoholics anonymous (AA) is by far the most widespread and successful with tens of thousands of groups all around the world. However, the mechanism of action of AA’s success is not immediately clear. Advances in understanding the neuroscience of addiction have allowed the identification of two brain areas that, among others, explain the irrational and self-destructive behavior of alcoholics. First, alcohol hijacks the reward systems of the midbrain in charge of detecting and experiencing pleasure (through the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area) with a pleasurable stimulation that far exceeds the normal pleasures of life (such as eating and sexual reproduction). These pleasurable experiences are essential for the survival and evolution of the species. Nature has cleverly linked pleasure with survival, and it is exactly this link that is usurped and hijacked by intoxicants like alcohol. Therefore, the reward system senses the effect of alcohol as essential for the survival of the alcoholic. In addition, the prefrontal cortex (perhaps the only area of the brain that could allow us to understand and prevent the dangers of the excessive and compulsive alcohol use) is also affected by this intoxicant. It becomes hypoactive and unable to counteract the urges and demands of the reward system to constantly repeat the “feel good” (associated over millions of years with survival of the individual and species) that comes from using alcohol. The Twelve Steps of AA help alcoholics reverse these effects. First, through steps 1 to 3, it encourages the use of a Surrogate Decision-Maker (often, it is the AA group itself that acts as such). Second, steps 4- 12 foster the practice of Compensatory Behaviors (a life of honesty and service) devoted to counteract the maladaptive behaviors that facilitate the alcoholic’s behavior of repeating what feels good (i.e. getting intoxicated). Lying, stealing, dishonesty and manipulation are not intrinsic personality defects of the alcoholic: they are the symptoms of a usurped reward system and hijacked prefrontal lobes.

21

Rosner, Richard. "Commentary: Anonymous Encounters: Alcoholics Anonymous, Al-Anon, and Overeaters Anonymous." Adolescent Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210676611101020138.

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22

Rosner, Richard. "Commentary: Anonymous Encounters: Alcoholics Anonymous, Al-Anon, and Overeaters Anonymous." Adolescent Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (April 18, 2011): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210677411101020138.

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23

Levi, Pnina. "Gender and alcoholism: Pioneering alcoholic women’s contribution to Alcoholics Anonymous, 1937–60." Social History of Alcohol and Drugs 29 (January 2015): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/shad29010112.

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24

Levi, Pnina. "Gender and alcoholism: Pioneering alcoholic women’s contribution to Alcoholics Anonymous, 1937–60." Social History of Alcohol and Drugs 29 (January 2015): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/29010112.

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25

Williams, J. M., J. K. Stout, and L. Erickson. "Comparison of the Importance of Alcoholics Anonymous and Outpatient Counseling to Maintenance of Sobriety among Alcohol Abusers." Psychological Reports 58, no. 3 (June 1986): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.3.803.

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36 alcohol abusers who had attended outpatient counseling and Alcoholics Anonymous were asked to rate the importance of outpatient counseling and Alcoholics Anonymous to their maintenance of sobriety. They also reported the number of outpatient and Alcoholics Anonymous sessions they attended in the last 90 days. Alcoholics Anonymous was rated significantly higher in importance to maintenance of sobriety by participants with above median days (160 days) of sobriety than those with below median days of sobriety or than outpatient counseling by those with below or above median days of sobriety. A significant, positive correlation of .79 between attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous and days of sobriety was found.

26

Wilkey, W. Warren. "The Influence of Alcoholics Anonymous on Alcoholism Treatment." Employee Assistance Quarterly 1, no. 4 (June 10, 1986): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j022v01n04_01.

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27

Kurtz, Ernest. "Alcoholics Anonymous and the Disease Concept of Alcoholism." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 20, no. 3-4 (July 2002): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v20n03_02.

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28

BROWN, HOWARD P., and JOHN H. PETERSON. "Values and Recovery From Alcoholism Through Alcoholics Anonymous." Counseling and Values 35, no. 1 (October 1990): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.1990.tb00362.x.

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29

Motyka, Marek A., and Ahmed Al-Imam. "Pragmatism of the Alcoholics Anonymous Fellowship." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 6 (April 27, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n6p119.

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Alcoholics Anonymous is a fellowship of people addicted to alcohol, who share their experience from the period of drinking, but who primarily have ongoing personal struggles with unstable emotions, a disintegrated value system, broken social ties, and other consequences of their old lifestyle. Participants of AA meetings provide mutual support at every stage of recovery and gain hope for improvement in their situation. Acceptance and implementation of the principles of the AA Programme promote recovery and improvement in all areas of life. It helps achieve physical health, emotional stability and better social relations, and creates a stable normative system. Joining the AA Fellowship is very useful for almost every member. The principles and objectives of the AA Fellowship were inspired by American pragmatism. The article presents the constitutive features of this philosophical trend, the inspirations which the founders of the AA Fellowship followed, and data supporting the usefulness of the 12 Steps of AA in recovery from alcoholism.

30

Tonigan, J. Scott, W. R. Miller, and Carol Schermer. "Atheists, agnostics and Alcoholics Anonymous." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 63, no. 5 (September 2002): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2002.63.534.

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31

Wiechelt, Shelly A. "Alcoholics Anonymous: Warts and All." Substance Use & Misuse 50, no. 8-9 (July 29, 2015): 1011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1010997.

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32

Wilson, G. C. "How Alcoholics Anonymous came about." Australian Drug and Alcohol Review 7, no. 4 (October 1988): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595238880000781.

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33

Fainzang, Sylvie. "When Alcoholics Are Not Anonymous." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/maq.1994.8.3.02a00050.

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34

Dunbar, Scott. "Alcoholics Anonymous And Alcohol Dependency." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 4, no. 2 (1988): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap1988423.

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35

BLUME, SHEILA B. "Getting Better: Inside Alcoholics Anonymous." American Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 1 (January 1990): 114—a—115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.1.114-a.

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36

Shanahan, William J. "Fifty Years of Alcoholics Anonymous:." Employee Assistance Quarterly 1, no. 2 (October 21, 1985): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j022v01n02_08.

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37

Humphreys, Keith, Lee Ann Kaskutas, and Constance Weisner. "The Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation Scale." Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 22, no. 5 (August 1998): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000374-199808000-00002.

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38

Room, R. "Alcoholics Anonymous: Cult or Cure?" Journal of Studies on Alcohol 54, no. 2 (March 1993): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1993.54.249.

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39

Loder, E. "Alcoholics Anonymous: "The Big Book"." BMJ 339, oct28 4 (October 28, 2009): b4387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4387.

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40

Master, Lisa. "Jewish experiences of alcoholics anonymous." Smith College Studies in Social Work 59, no. 2 (March 1989): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377318909516658.

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41

Cloud, Richard N., Craig H. Ziegler, and Richard D. Blondell. "What is Alcoholics Anonymous Affiliation?" Substance Use & Misuse 39, no. 7 (January 2004): 1117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ja-120038032.

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42

Mariolini, Nicoletta, and Jürgen Rehm. "Alcoholics Anonymous and Its Finances." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 12, no. 4 (February 3, 1995): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v12n04_04.

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43

Tonigan, J. Scott. "Benefits of Alcoholics Anonymous Attendance." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j020v19n01_05.

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44

Finlay, Steven W. "Influence of Carl Jung and William James on the Origin of Alcoholics Anonymous." Review of General Psychology 4, no. 1 (March 2000): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.4.1.3.

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Alcoholics Anonymous is probably the most influential self-help organization in the world, with a current worldwide membership approaching 2 million. The origin of the organization has ties to Carl Gustav Jung and William James, 2 very prominent figures in the history of psychology. A brief history of the events that led to the formation of Alcoholics Anonymous is presented, with particular emphasis on the influence of Jung and James. An account of relevant life events of both Jung and James is provided, in addition to a summary of their views on alcoholism and its treatment. Speculation is offered on how the 2 men might view their unsolicited association with the organization.

45

Rubya, Sabirat, and Svetlana Yarosh. "Interpretations of Online Anonymity in Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1, CSCW (December 6, 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3134726.

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46

Sussman, Steve. "A Review of Alcoholics Anonymous/ Narcotics Anonymous Programs for Teens." Evaluation & the Health Professions 33, no. 1 (February 17, 2010): 26–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278709356186.

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47

Lima-Rodríguez, Joaquín Salvador, María Dolores Guerra-Martín, Isabel Domínguez-Sánchez, and Marta Lima-Serrano. "Alcoholic patients' response to their disease: perspective of patients and family." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 23, no. 6 (December 2015): 1165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0516.2662.

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Objective: to know the perspective of alcoholic patients and their families about the behavioral characteristics of the disease, identifying the issues to modify the addictive behavior and seek rehabilitation. Method: ethnographic research using interpretative anthropology, via participant observation and a detailed interview with alcoholic patients and their families, members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Alanon in Spain. Results: development of disease behavior in alcoholism is complex due to the issues of interpreting the consumption model as a disease sign. Patients often remain long periods in the pre-contemplation stage, delaying the search for assistance, which often arrives without them accepting the role of patient. This constrains the recovery and is related to the social thought on alcoholism and self-stigma on alcoholics and their families, leading them to deny the disease, condition of the patient, and help. The efforts of self-help groups and the involvement of health professionals is essential for recovery. Conclusion: understanding how disease behavior develops, and the change process of addictive behavior, it may be useful for patients, families and health professionals, enabling them to act in a specific way at each stage.

48

Galaif, Elisha R., and Steve Sussman. "For Whom Does Alcoholics Anonymous Work?" International Journal of the Addictions 30, no. 2 (January 1995): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089509060740.

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49

Schwartz, T. P. "Alcoholics Anonymous Meetings for Teaching Sociology." Teaching Sociology 20, no. 4 (October 1992): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1318982.

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50

Smith, Bruce W., and J. Scott Tonigan. "Alcoholics Anonymous Benefit and Social Attachment." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 27, no. 2 (April 6, 2009): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07347320902784783.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Alcoholics Anonymous'

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