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Journal articles on the topic 'Alcohol use'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Nisha, Karobi Das, Renu Sharma, and Abhishek Ghosh. "Pattern of Alcohol Use and Problems Associated with Alcohol Use Among Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: An Exploratory Study." Nursing & Midwifery Research Journal 19, no. 2 (April 2023): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974150x231173472.

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Introduction Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is also known as alcohol dependence or alcohol addiction. In India (2020), 160 million people are consuming alcohol; among them 57 million people are alcohol dependent (Eashwar et al., 2020, Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol. 9, 1, p. 49). Currently, it is a major public concern. Because AUD not only affects the patients physically but also affects person’s other life aspects such as mental health, social status, financial status, spirituality, and occupation. Objective To assess the alcohol use pattern and problems due to alcohol use among patients with AUD registered in the Drug De-Addiction and Treatment Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh. Methodology An exploratory study was conducted among 40 participants who were enrolled by purposive sampling technique. Participants were enrolled after written informed consent and interviewed as per the interview schedule comprised sociodemographic data, clinical data, and performa to assess the problems associated with alcohol use. Data coding and analysis were done with SPSS (version 26). Results More than half of the study participants (57.5%) were from the age group of 36 to 55 years with a mean age of 40.55 ± 8.941 years ranging from 24 to 58 years; all were men and 70% of participants were from upper class socioeconomic status. Nearly half (47.5%) of the participants started drinking before 20 years of age and 50% participants had been drinking alcohol for more than 15 years. Participants had many problems such as gastric disorder (80%), weight loss (55%), inefficiency at work (92.5%), increased alcohol-related expenses (88.5%), reduced sources and amount of earning (57.5%), impaired interpersonal relationship (IPR) with family (97.5%), with spouse (80%), and in society (85%). Conclusion Patients with alcohal use disorder (AUD) have many problems in various aspects of their lives, that is, health, education, occupation, finance, family, marital life, and social life.

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2

Sussman, Steve. "Alcohol Use Policies That Restrict Alcohol Use." Substance Use & Misuse 47, no. 12 (September 6, 2012): 1250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2012.720538.

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3

Alinsky, Rachel H., and Jennifer Hipp. "Adolescent Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders." Pediatrics in Review 45, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2022-005896.

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4

Bonea, Maria, Madalina C. Neacsu, and Ioana V. Miclutia. "Comorbidities of alcohol use disorder." Romanian Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjpp.2018.2.6.

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Introduction: Dual diagnosis is frequent among psychiatric patients. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) negatively affects the treatment and the progression of cooccurring disorders. The reverse could also be valid, other symptoms of other diseases and therapies may hinder the achievement and maintenance of abstinence. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the frequency of psychiatric and medical comorbidities, of the prescribed drugs and the hospital costs related to AUD. Methods: Using AtlasMed database, we searched the patients admitted to the Cluj County Emergency Hospital Psychiatry Department between January the 1st and December 31st 2016, with a main or secondary diagnosis of alcohol dependence. The socio-demographic (age, gender, geographic area), the psychiatric and medical diagnosis and the prescribed psychotropic medications were recorded. Results: 623 alcoholic patients were admitted to the Cluj County Emergency Hospital Psychiatry Department, during a one year span, mostly men, accounting for 23% of the total number of hospitalizations and 12.1% of the hospital costs. The most frequent psychiatric comorbidities were personality disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD), neurocognitive disorders, alcohol-related psychosis and suicide attempts. The most common medical conditions in alcoholics were alcoholic liver disease (ALD), cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, alcoholic polyneuropathy, alcoholic pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes and head injuries. The most commonly prescribed psychiatric medications were benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants and tiapride. Conclusions: Alcohol dependence has become an increasingly stringent public health problem, from the point of view of prevalence, frequent admittances, relapses and comorbidities.

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5

Wilson, Jennifer F. "Alcohol Use." Annals of Internal Medicine 150, no. 5 (March 3, 2009): ITC3–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-5-200903030-01003.

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Edelman, E. Jennifer, and David A. Fiellin. "Alcohol Use." Annals of Internal Medicine 164, no. 1 (January 5, 2016): ITC1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/aitc201601050.

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Edelman, E. Jennifer, and David A. Fiellin. "Alcohol Use." Annals of Internal Medicine 165, no. 5 (September 6, 2016): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l16-0107.

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Dooley, David P., and Thomas M. Brown. "Alcohol Use." Annals of Internal Medicine 165, no. 5 (September 6, 2016): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l16-0108.

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9

Braillon, Alain, and David B. Menkes. "Alcohol Use." Annals of Internal Medicine 165, no. 5 (September 6, 2016): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/l16-0109.

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10

Wallace, Paul. "Alcohol use." Family Practice 18, no. 2 (April 2001): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/18.2.237-a.

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11

Waylen, A., S. Leary, A. Ness, and J. Sargent. "Alcohol Use in Films and Adolescent Alcohol Use." PEDIATRICS 135, no. 5 (April 13, 2015): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-2978.

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12

Borges, Guilherme, María Elena Medina-Mora, Carmen Lara, Joaquín Zambrano, Corina Benjet, and Clara Fleiss. "Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders in Mexico." Contemporary Drug Problems 34, no. 3 (September 2007): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090703400303.

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We provide information on prevalence rates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders, as well as service utilization among persons that present with alcohol abuse or dependence in Mexico. The data were collected in 2001 and 2002 in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey. The sample design was stratified, using a computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The response rate was 76.6%, for a total of 5,826 interviews; 86.2% of the population had ever tried alcohol and 43.5% drank in the past 12 months. Lifetime abuse or dependence was reported by 7.6% of the population, and in the past 12 months by 2.0%. Only 30.9% of all respondents with an alcohol use disorder had ever used any treatment service, and then after several years' delay. The low prevalence of service use is a matter of great concern in Mexico. Extension of services, increasing the number of health professionals in this area and more diverse and appropriate treatment programs are urgently needed.

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Smaoui, N., N. Charfi, M. Turki, M. Maâlej-Bouali, J. Ben Thabet, N. Zouari, L. Zouari, and M. Maâlej. "Impulsivity and Current Alcohol Use in Adolescents." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.194.

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IntroductionMany studies have focused on the strong link between impulsivity and addictive behaviors, such as alcohol use disorders.ObjectiveOur study aimed to investigate the links between alcohol use and impulsivity in a sample of Tunisian pupils.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted in May and June 2016. It enrolled 317 pupils from four colleges and schools in Sfax (Tunisia). The participants were asked to answer a self-administered questionnaire, after their consent. Alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) was used to evaluate alcohol dependence. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), in its 11th version, was used to assess impulsivity trait. Its three second-order factors were attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, and non-planning impulsiveness.ResultsThe mean age was 16 years with a sex-ratio of 1.07. The school children reported having drunk alcohol at least once in 18.9% of cases and 41.66% of them still consume. According to AUDIT, 1.6% of alcohol users presented an alcohol misuse and 21.6% presented dependence. According to BIS, impulsivity prevalence (IP) in the whole sample was 27.8% while it was 40% among the alcoholic participants versus 24.9% in non-alcoholic participants. The average BIS score was more important in the alcoholic participants (69.25 versus 65.53; P = 0.011). Alcohol consumption was correlated to attentional impulsiveness (P = 0.01) and motor impulsiveness (P = 0.008). Alcohol dependence was correlated to motor impulsiveness (P = 0.018).ConclusionThese results show the importance of clinically evaluating and intervening on impulsive personality traits to better prevent addictive behavior such as alcoholism among adolescents.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Laranjeira, Ronaldo, Ilana Pinsky, Marcos Sanches, Marcos Zaleski, and Raul Caetano. "Alcohol use patterns among Brazilian adults." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 32, no. 3 (November 13, 2009): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462009005000012.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of alcohol consumption in the adult Brazilian population. METHOD: Multicluster random sample of 2,346 subjects 18 years of age or older, selected nationwide. Interviews were conducted in respondents' homes between November 2005 and April 2006. RESULTS: About 48% of the sample had not drunk alcoholic beverages in the past year, with variations by gender, age, marital status, education, income and region of the country. Among drinkers, 29% reported drinking 5 or more drinks per occasion (men, 38%). Sociodemographic variables are associated with the frequency and amount of drinking, alcohol problems, and alcohol abuse and dependence. Among the whole sample (including drinkers and non drinkers), 28% reported binge drinking, 25% reported at least one kind of alcohol related problem, 3% were alcohol abusers and another 9% were alcohol dependent. DISCUSSION: Abstinence is high in the Brazilian population. However, elevated proportions of those who drink consume alcohol in a high risk pattern (binge-drinking), report a high level of alcohol problems, alcohol abuse and dependence. National public policies must consider these factors, as well as the regional Brazilian differences.

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Stan, Daniela, and Mihai Mitran. "Effects of alcohol use during pregnancy. Alcoholic fetal syndrome." Ginecologia.ro 20 (2), no. 1 (May 20, 2018): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/gine.20.2.2018.1719.

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Often, pregnant women don’t realise the effects of alcohol use on the fetus. If the future mother drinks alcohol in the nine months of pregnancy, consequences on the fetal development can be extremely bad, leading to alcoholic fetal syndrome. Nowadays, as there doesn’t exist a method to determine the safe quantity of alcohol comsumption, doctors recommend that women should not drink any alcohol during pregnancy.

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Mellinger, Jessica L., and Gerald Scott Winder. "Alcohol Use Disorders in Alcoholic Liver Disease." Clinics in Liver Disease 23, no. 1 (February 2019): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2018.09.004.

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17

Zhyznevskiy, Vyacheslav, Volodymyr Gumenetskiy, Olena Shyshchak, and Yevhen Fedevych. "The use of isobutyl alcohol for methacrylate synthesis." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.03.277.

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18

Mohamad Zakaria, Sabiha, and Ahmed Kassab. "Rare association of exomphalos and maternal alcohol use." Journal of Case Reports and Images in Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 2 (December 11, 2022): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100131z08sm2022cr.

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Introduction: Omphalocele is a congenital anomaly characterized by an abdominal wall defect. Chromosomal, syndromic, or other structural anomalies often co-exist and largely affect the prognosis. Case Report: We discuss a case of a complex omphalocele associated with thoracic hypoplasia and thoracic-lumbar scoliosis in a chromosomally unaffected fetus. Conclusion: This is an unusual case where this congenital defect is potentially associated to maternal alcohol use or even herpes simplex virus (HSV).

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19

Glavak Tkalić, Renata, Ines Sučić, and Ivan Dević. "Motivation for Substance Use: Why Do People Use Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana?" Drustvena istrazivanja 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 601–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5559/di.22.4.03.

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20

Alpert, Joel J., and Barry Zuckerman. "Alcohol Use during Pregnancy: What Is the Risk?" Pediatrics In Review 12, no. 12 (June 1, 1991): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.12.12.375.

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Alcohol use during pregnancy now is believed generally to be a serious risk to the health of the fetus. As a result, women of childbearing age are urged to avoid, if not to eliminate, alcoholic beverages from their diet. This increasingly common view states that, because there is no known safe threshold for alcohol use, abstinence is the safest road to travel. Clearly, this important recommendation, symbolized by the labeling of alcoholic beverages as dangerous during pregnancy, should be based upon the best available scientific data. The report that women metabolize alcohol differently than men and that a smaller amount (compared with men) produces a higher blood level only emphasizes the need to quantify the risk of drinking during pregnancy.1 Scientific information is needed to make the best possible clinical, public health, and public policy decisions. This paper reviews what is known about the risk of alcohol for the well nourished woman who drinks two or less alcoholic beverages (drinks) per day while pregnant. Our conclusion is that there is no measurable or documented risk from this level of drinking during pregnancy. Therefore, by urging well nourished pregnant women to abstain from alcoholic beverages, we may be turning our attention away from negative health behaviors of far greater danger than consuming a glass of wine or its alcoholic equivalent.

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21

Patel, Avani K., and Alëna A. Balasanova. "Unhealthy Alcohol Use." JAMA 326, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2015.

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22

Pearce, Lynne. "Alcohol-use disorders." Mental Health Practice 20, no. 10 (July 12, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.20.10.8.s8.

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23

Kiselica, Andrew M., Amy M. Cohn, and Brett T. Hagman. "Alcohol Use Disorders." Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment 14, no. 1 (March 2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/adt.0000000000000036.

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24

Saitz, Richard. "Unhealthy Alcohol Use." New England Journal of Medicine 352, no. 6 (February 10, 2005): 596–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp042262.

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Pearce, Lynne. "Alcohol-use disorders." Nursing Standard 31, no. 39 (May 24, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.31.39.15.s16.

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26

Schuckit, Marc A. "Alcohol-use disorders." Lancet 373, no. 9662 (February 2009): 492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60009-x.

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27

Bell, James. "Alcohol use disorders." Medicine 40, no. 12 (December 2012): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2012.09.008.

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Bell, James. "Alcohol use disorders." Medicine 44, no. 12 (December 2016): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2016.09.001.

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Brandish, Emma K. "Alcohol use disorders." Medicine 48, no. 12 (December 2020): 754–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.09.018.

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Connor, Jason P., Paul S. Haber, and Wayne D. Hall. "Alcohol use disorders." Lancet 387, no. 10022 (March 2016): 988–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00122-1.

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Carvalho, Andre F., Markus Heilig, Augusto Perez, Charlotte Probst, and Jürgen Rehm. "Alcohol use disorders." Lancet 394, no. 10200 (August 2019): 781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31775-1.

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Dervaux, Alain, and Xavier Laqueille. "Alcohol use disorders." Lancet 387, no. 10035 (June 2016): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30689-4.

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Barnett, Richard. "Alcohol use disorders." Lancet 389, no. 10064 (January 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32600-9.

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Holt, Stephen, and Jeanette Tetrault. "Unhealthy Alcohol Use." Clinics in Liver Disease 20, no. 3 (August 2016): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cld.2016.02.003.

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35

Chander, Geetanjali, Bryan Lau, and Richard D. Moore. "Hazardous Alcohol Use." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 43, no. 4 (December 2006): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000243121.44659.a4.

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Friedrich, M. J. "Global Alcohol Use." JAMA 309, no. 15 (April 17, 2013): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.3352.

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Rehm, Jürgen, and Kevin D. Shield. "Global Burden of Alcohol Use Disorders and Alcohol Liver Disease." Biomedicines 7, no. 4 (December 13, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines7040099.

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Alcohol use is a major risk factor for burden of mortality and morbidity. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are important disease outcomes caused by alcohol use. We will describe the global mortality and burden of disease in disability-adjusted life years for ALD and AUDs, based on data from the comparative risk assessment of the World Health Organization for 2016. AUDs have a limited impact on mortality in this assessment, since alcohol poisonings are almost the only disease category directly attributable to AUDs; most other alcohol-related deaths are indirect, and the cause which directly led to the death, such as liver cirrhosis, is the one recorded on the death certificate. Burden of disease for AUDs is thus mainly due to disability resulting from alcohol use. In contrast to AUDs, ALD is one of the major lethal outcomes of alcohol use, and burden of disease is mainly due to (premature) years of life lost. Many of the negative outcomes attributable to both AUDs and ALD are due to their interactions with other factors, most notably economic wealth. To avoid alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality, measures should be taken to reduce the AUDs and ALD burden globally, especially among the poor.

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Benjet, Corina, Guilherme Borges, Enrique Méndez, Leticia Casanova, and María Elena Medina-Mora. "Adolescent alcohol use and alcohol use disorders in Mexico City." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 136 (March 2014): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.006.

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Fredrick Larbi Kwapong, Cherita Eghan, Betty Norman, and Anthony Enimil. "Determinants of alcohol use among the youth in the Bosomtwe District, Ashanti Region- Ghana." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.1.0316.

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Background: Alcohol consumption accounts for major health related morbidity and mortality in the world with more than 3 million deaths and increasing global disease burden. The use of alcohol among the youth is very crucial due to prolonged complications established throughout the entire life of the individual. Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors that influence alcohol use among the youth in the Bosomtwe district of Ashanti Region, Ghana. Method: A cross- sectional study design was used for this study. The sample size estimated was 383 using the StatCalc tool on Epi Info 7, for the estimated population size with a 5% error margin. P-value of £0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. Responses were collected from participants who consented to the study. The participant selection was dependent on the eligibility criteria for the study. The data was processed and analyzed with STATA 14. Chi- squared analysis was done to establish association between the independent and dependent variables. Results: 51.7% of the participants from the Bosomtwe district had consumed alcoholic beverage before with 71.86% currently consuming alcoholic beverage. Majority (63.70%) of the participants knew alcohol had adverse effect on the various organs of the human body. 50.51% were introduced to alcohol use by their peers with 51.51% of them being influenced by their peers on the choice of alcoholic beverage. Most of the participants (45.45%) consumed alcoholic beverage due to the content displayed during advertisement with 66.16% being influenced to consume alcoholic beverage following bereaved family member or friend. Almost 70% of the participants consumed their first alcoholic drink between the age of 20-24years. Majority (64.14%) of the participants consumed alcohol just for fun. The significant factors influencing alcohol use in the study were educational status of the participants, gender, information gathered about alcoholic beverages and during bereavement. There were significant association between information regarding alcohol use, policies on alcohol consumption, bereavement of family members and current alcohol consumption with p-values of 0.008, 0.019 and 0.001 respectively. Conclusion: More than 70% of the participants in the Bosomtwe district were currently consuming alcoholic beverage with 53.55% of them engaging in binge drinking. Most of the participants had suffered some complications following alcohol use. There is the need for appropriate interventions in this area to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to alcohol use.

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40

Fonte, Aníbal. "Complexities in the Investigation of Alcohol Consumption in the Elderly: Challenges and Perspectives." International Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56769/ijpn09206.

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Abstract Alcohol, primarily represented by the molecule CH3CH2OH, is a key component in various alcoholic beverages. These beverages encompass a wide range of ingredients, including aliphatic alcohols, organic acids, esters, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, sugars, tannins, flavonoids, natural flavors, and water. The global alcohol market has immense potential, with over half of the population in certain regions already consuming alcoholic beverages. Despite the aging global population, there is a lack of comprehensive studies on alcohol use among the elderly, who face unique challenges related to aging. Several factors contribute to this research gap, including a historical focus on younger age groups, underreporting and underestimation of the issue, stigma, participation barriers, lack of recognition, and the complexity of factors involved. However, as the elderly population continues to grow, interest in this area is likely to increase. Additionally, the aging demographic represents a significant economic market, and the "elderly empowerment" movement may influence changing consumption patterns among older individuals, making continued research into alcohol consumption in this demographic essential. Keywords: Alcohol, Elderly, Aging, Alcohol consumption, CH3CH2OH, alcoholic beverages, elder.

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Parker, Richard, and James M. Neuberger. "Alcohol, Diet and Drug Use Preceding Alcoholic Hepatitis." Digestive Diseases 36, no. 4 (2018): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487392.

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Background: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe manifestation of alcohol-related liver disease characterised by jaundice and liver failure. It is not known what might trigger an episode of AH. We interviewed patients to investigate changes in behaviour before the onset of AH. Methods: Structured interviews were performed with patients with AH to examine their alcohol use, diet, drug use and smoking habit. Clinical and laboratory results were noted. Patients were followed up for 12 months after interview. Results: Data from 39 patients was analysed. No single behavioural change occurred before the onset of jaundice, although reductions in alcohol and/or dietary intake were common. Reduction in alcohol use was seen to occur approximately 14 days before the onset of jaundice. Increased alcohol intake was not common. Clinical and laboratory data varied between types of behaviour changes, although these were not statistically significant. No changes in drug use or tobacco were reported before AH. Those who had not reduced alcohol intake or had increased their drinking had better survival. Conclusions: No single type of behaviour change is associated with AH. Contrary to previous assertions, increased alcohol intake was not common; in fact, participants were much more likely to have reduced their alcohol intake.

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Vishavdeep, Kaur, Walia Lily, Grewal Simran, and Nagpal Sangeeta. "Prospective Study of Alcohol Use and Effect of Acoustic Stimulus with Different Tone in Alcoholic Men." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 4, no. 7 (July 2016): 2464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/sjams.2016.4.7.32.

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Lutula-Golo, Dragana, Spomenka CiricJankovic, Milena SantricMilicevic, and Snezana Simic. "Alcohol use among adolescents in Serbia." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, no. 3-4 (2013): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1304207l.

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Introduction. European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), the largest international research project, was conducted for the first time in Serbia in 2008. Objective. The objective was to analyze data obtained by ESPAD research on alcohol use among secondary school first grade students, and particularly the difference in the use of alcohol by gender, type of school students attend, their place of residence and the territory among secondary school students in Serbia in 2008. Methods. Attitudes and practice related to alcohol use of 6,553 secondary school first grade students were analyzed. A standardized, internationally approved questionnaire, structured and designed for self?filling was used on a stratified, one?stage sample of students. The data received from the ESPAD research were processed by ?2 test to test the significance of differences between the observed characteristics, with the conclusion level of p<0.01. Results. Over three?quarters of students can easily buy beer or wine. More than one half can buy spirits and alcopops. 89.1% of students drank alcoholic beverages at least once in a lifetime and 78.2% in the last year. At least once in a lifetime 42.2% of students were drunk and 29.7% in the last year. At least once in the last month 32.0% of students had five or more drinks in a row. Boys consumed alcohol more frequently and got drunk more often than girls (p<0.01). Conclusion. This research emphasizes the need for creating a prevention of alcohol use and alcohol abuse program among adolescents and more consistent application of the existing regulations aiming to decrease alcohol use among adolescents in Serbia.

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Yefymenko, Valerii, Vira Rudenko, Olha Titova, Olena Kosenko, and Tetiana Kravchuk. "USE OF ALCOHOL ADDITIVES FOR ECOLOGICAL GASOLINE PRODUCTION." Proceedings of the National Aviation University 88, no. 3 (October 27, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2306-1472.88.16006.

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The purpose of this article is to perform research to improve the stability, quality and efficiency of gasoline-alcohol fuel compositions, as well as obtaining high-octane gasolines corresponding to the modern standards with the addition of alcohols and their mixtures to these gasolines. Research methods: The article considers physicochemical methods for studying the stratification of alcohol-gasoline mixtures, determining the water content in them, as well as determining the octane number of alcohol-gasoline compositions. Results: The raw material base and possibilities of bioethanol production in Ukraine as an ecological additive to gasoline and as a way to increase their octane number were studied. Stratification temperatures of alcohol-gasoline mixtures and octane numbers of A-92 gasoline with different alcohol content were determined. Discussion: It is proposed to use higher concentrations of ethanol (bioethanol) in gasoline mixtures more than 40% of alcohol, because it does not require dehydration. It is proposed to use an additional fuel pump, which would work only for mixing the fuel mixture, to prevent stratification of the fuel-ethanol composition during its long-term storage in the car’s tanks.

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Genna, Catherine Watson. "Alcohol Use During Lactation and Offspring Outcomes." Clinical Lactation 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.10.2.81.

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News reports of decreased nonverbal reasoning in 6-year-old children exposed to alcohol in breast milk have ignited both concern about drinking during lactation and accusations of mother-shaming. Lactation consultants are often asked about the safety of drinking alcoholic beverages during lactation. Placing this study in the context of other research about alcohol use by lactating parents and the outcomes for their children can help provide evidence to support continued breastfeeding and child safety.

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Purdey, Annette L., Caroline L. Miller, and Jacqueline A. Bowden. "Depictions of Alcohol in Australian TV ‘Bachelor In Paradise’: A Content Analysis." Alcohol and Alcoholism 55, no. 6 (July 11, 2020): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agaa064.

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Abstract Aims To quantify the depictions of alcohol in the popular Australian reality TV show—Bachelor in Paradise (season 1: 2018). Methods All 16 episodes were coded in 1-min intervals for the presence of alcoholic beverage related content and non-alcoholic beverage content, and the categories of actual use, implied use and other references. Results Alcohol was highly prevalent in all episodes. Alcohol content occurred frequently, with 70.7% of intervals having any alcohol content. Actual alcohol use occurred in 31.9% of 1-min intervals, implied alcohol use occurred in 63.4% of intervals and other alcohol references occurred in 14.0% of intervals. Alcohol content was present in the first or second 1-min interval of all 16 episodes. Alcohol content was more than twice as prevalent as non-alcoholic content (34.0%). Conclusions The high volume of alcohol content depicted in the show is of concern, due to the important influence it may have on the audience. Vulnerable viewers, especially minors and young adults, are being exposed to ubiquitous alcohol references. This may influence their perceptions of normal alcohol use, their attitudes toward alcohol and their own consumption of alcohol. A stronger regulatory regime is required in Australia to protect young people more effectively from depictions in television programs.

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Maclean, Johanna Catherine, and Michael T. French. "Personality disorders, alcohol use, and alcohol misuse." Social Science & Medicine 120 (November 2014): 286–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.029.

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McClure, A. C., S. E. Tanski, Z. Li, K. Jackson, M. Morgenstern, Z. Li, and J. D. Sargent. "Internet Alcohol Marketing and Underage Alcohol Use." PEDIATRICS 137, no. 2 (January 6, 2016): e20152149-e20152149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2149.

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Patterson, Akilah, Milkie Vu, Regine Haardörfer, Michael Windle, and Carla J. Berg. "Motives for Alcohol and Marijuana Use as Predictors of Use and Problem Use Among Young Adult College Students." Journal of Drug Issues 50, no. 4 (May 14, 2020): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042620917101.

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This study examined (a) differences between alcohol-only users and alcohol–marijuana co-users and (b) motives for use in relation to alcohol and marijuana use and problem use. Spring 2016 data among 1,870 past 4-month alcohol users (63.6% female, 69.1% White) from seven Georgia colleges/universities were analyzed cross-sectionally and with regard to problem use measured 4 months later. Correlates of co-use ( n = 345; vs. alcohol-only use, n = 1,525) included greater alcohol and marijuana use frequency, problem drinking and marijuana use, and alcohol use motives ( p’s < .05). Controlling for covariates, alcohol use frequency correlated with greater marijuana use frequency and Coping and Self-enhancement alcohol use motives, but lower Conformity alcohol use motives ( p’s < .001); greater Coping and Self-enhancement alcohol use motives ( p’s < .01) predicted problem alcohol use. Marijuana use frequency correlated with greater Coping and Expansion marijuana use motives ( p’s < .05); greater Expansion marijuana use motives ( p = .005) predicted problem marijuana use. College-based substance use interventions should target Coping and Self-enhancement alcohol use motives and Expansion marijuana use motives.

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Alkhawam, H., M. Mariya Fabisevich, R. Sogomonian, JJ Lieber, R. Madanieh, A. Madanieh, TJ Vittorio, and M. El-hunjul. "ID: 12: THE ROLE OF ALCOHOL ABUSE AND TOBACCO USE IN THE INCIDENCE OF EARLY ACUTE CORONAY SYNDROME." Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 922.2–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000120.24.

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BackgroundTobacco abuse and alcohol dependence have been established as risk factors for atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). Their potential synergistic effect, however, have not been previously evaluated.Abstract ID: 12 Table 1Alcohol abuse/ DependenceAlcoholic abuse (n=172)Alcoholic- Smoker (n=51)Alcoholic Non-Smoker (n=121)Mean age (years)55.151.156.195% CI(52–58)(48–54.2)(54.6–57.6)Non-Alcohol abuse/DependenceNon-Alcoholic (n=7904)Non-Alcoholic Smoker (n=909)Non-alcoholic Non-smoker (n=6995)Mean age (years)63.856.371.395% CI(63.6–63.9)(55–57.7)(71–71.6)p Value<0.0010.02<0.001Objective/PurposeTo investigate the synergistic role of alcohol abuse/dependence and tobacco use in the early incidence of ACS.MethodsA retrospective chart analyses of 8076 patients diagnosed with ACS between 2000 to 2014, defined by ICD-9 codes for acute MI, alcohol abuse/dependence and tobacco use. Average age of ACS was calculated for the general population. Patients were then divided into 4 subgroups based on alcohol abuse/dependence and tobacco use status as follows: non-alcoholic non-smokers, non-alcoholic smokers, alcoholic non-smokers and alcoholic smokers.ResultsThe mean age of our 8076 ACS patients population was ∼59.5 (95% CI 59.2–59.8). Patients with history of alcohol abuse/dependence appeared to develop ACS ∼8.7 years younger than their non-alcoholic counterparts. When tobacco use is incorporated as a risk factor, those with both alcohol abuse/dependence and tobacco use seemed to develop ACS ∼5 years earlier than those with history of either alone, and ∼20 years earlier when compared to those with neither alcohol abuse/dependence nor tobacco use.(table 1 summarizes mean age of ACS incidence in our study subgroups).ConclusionsAlcohol abuse/dependence appears to be a risk factor for earlier ACS. In our population, the average age of ACS incidence in alcoholic patients was significantly earlier than non-alcoholic patients. Furthermore, alcoholic patients who also used tobacco developed ACS at an even younger age when compared to those who had history of either alcohol abuse/dependence or tobacco use alone, suggesting a possible synergistic effect of these two risk factors in developing early ACS. Healthcare intervention in this population through screening, counseling and education regarding alcohol abuse/dependence and smoking cession is warranted to reduce early ACS.

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