Journal articles on the topic 'Alcohol commerce'
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Alavaikko, Mika. "Liberalisation of Finnish Alcohol Legislation in the Reform of 1994." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 15, no. 3 (June 1998): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259801500304.
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The article looks at the preparation of the new Alcohol Act as well as the parliamentary proceedings. The attention is focused on the internal dynamics of the process and on the way it was subordinate to other political considerations. Even though the preparation of the legislation was begun in 1991 to alleviate growing internal pressure in the country, it became a part of the government's tug-of-war even before parliamentary proceedings. The preparation of the new Act and the parliamentary proceedings also became intermingled with Finland's EU membership negotiations and the pressures arising from the EEA agreement, effective from the beginning of 1994. The focal point is whether or not the decisions made can be traced back to the interests of commerce and industry. It is argued that the Parliament, and particularly the Social Affairs and Health Committee, assumed an active role in the process, and that the decisions cannot fully be traced back to the interests of commerce and industry. In the Parliament, the new legislation became remarkably more liberal than the government's proposal would have entailed. In this respect, the central issues were the sanctioning of retail sale of viticulturists' products and table beer, partial removal of restrictions to alcohol advertising and equating all alcoholic beverages, with an alcoholic strength by volume of less than 4.7 per cent, with beer in retail. With the decision made in the Parliament, the Alcohol Act begins to take on ideological qualities. In particular, the interests of commerce and industry alone simply cannot explain the sanctioning of retail sale of viticulturists' products or table beer. The decision on alcohol advertising also involves ideological considerations. In the light of all the above, the alcohol legislation has taken a huge step towards liberalisation. The interests of commerce and industry also strengthened their position in the field.
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Beliveau, Barbara C., and M. Elizabeth Rouse. "Prohibition and Repeal: A Short History of the Wine Industry's Regulation in the United States." Journal of Wine Economics 5, no. 1 (2010): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1931436100001371.
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AbstractThe United States wine industry has experienced tremendous growth in the past twenty-five years. The number of wineries in the United States has grown to almost 5000, located in all fifty states, and creating over a million full time jobs. Alcohol distribution laws that hinge on the Supreme Court's reconciliation of the Twenty-first Amendment and the Commerce Clause have significantly hindered the industry's ability to expand. Current interpretations of the 21st Amendment give states unprecedented freedom to regulate interstate commerce in alcoholic beverages. The resulting regulatory diversity presents problems both domestically and internationally. (JEL Classification: K2, L5, N4)
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Shanker, Vijay. "Alcohol Direct Shipment Laws, the Commerce Clause, and the Twenty-First Amendment." Virginia Law Review 85, no. 2 (March 1999): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073664.
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Mrgić, Jelena. "Aqua vitae – Notes on Geographies of Alcohol Production and Consumption in the Ottoman Balkans." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 12, no. 4 (December 23, 2017): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v12i4.14.
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The paper addresses the beginning of brandy distillation in the Ottoman Balkan, the transfer of technology, commerce and taxation, as well as patterns of consumption. Those patterns include rules of alcohol production, distribution and use according to religion, class and gender, i.e. restrictions and their transgressions. Linguistic, documentary and narrative sources are deployed in building a multifaceted picture. Production of various spirits, foremost plum brandy in the Ottoman Balkans, and the usage of alcohol drinks could be viewed as an area where private and public, official and clandestine, permitted and forbidden mixed and coexisted, and influenced Ottoman political and religious system.
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Rodríguez, Brayan, Christian Arroyo, Luis H. Reyes, and Felipe Reinoso-Carvalho. "Promoting Healthier Drinking Habits: Using Sound to Encourage the Choice for Non-Alcoholic Beers in E-Commerce." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092063.
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Important institutions, such as the World Health Organization, recommend reducing alcohol consumption by encouraging healthier drinking habits. This could be achieved, for example, by employing more effective promotion of non-alcoholic beverages. For such purposes, in this study, we assessed the role of experiential beer packaging sounds during the e-commerce experience of a non-alcoholic beer (NAB). Here, we designed two experiments. Experiment 1 evaluated the influence of different experiential beer packaging sounds on consumers’ general emotions and sensory expectations. Experiment 2 assessed how the sounds that evoked more positive results in Experiment 1 would influence emotions and sensory expectations related to a NAB digital image. The obtained results revealed that a beer bottle pouring sound helped suppress some of the negativity that is commonly associated with the experience of a NAB. Based on such findings, brands and organizations interested in more effectively promoting NAB may feel encouraged to involve beer packaging sounds as part of their virtual shopping environments.
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Heap, Simon. "The Quality of Liquor in Nigeria During the Colonial Era." Itinerario 23, no. 2 (July 1999): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530002475x.
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The Nigerian liquor trade provoked fierce debate: was it advancing development or fashioning an economy based on the unproductive consumption of alcohol? The liquor trade was caught between two prevailing colonial perspectives on African economic development: the Darwinian-based principle that Western civilisation had a duty to protect Africans from all bad external influences, and the civilise-through-trade concept seeking to modernise Africans by exploiting colonies to their fullest potential. Humanitarian concerns and economic interests were entangled. Positive views of the liquor trade claimed its necessity in developing the Nigerian economy. Some admitted that the trade formed a necessary evil, but did not fail to emphasise its role as a transitional currency, promoter of cash-crops-forexport, and a desirable commodity among those with money to spend. Merchants saw commerce as a great civilising agent, with the liquor trade as its most important constituent. On the other hand, liquor trade critics used the temperance equation to further their cause: drinking alcohol was bad, abstinence was good. Arguing that the imposition of ‘a Rum and Gin Civilization’ would be ‘a hydra that devours the natives’, halting useful commerce and hindering economic development, they agitated for Prohibition and a complete restructuring of the colonial economy along alcoholfree lines.
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Fish, Morris J. "The Effect of Alcohol on the Canadian Constitution ... Seriously." F. R. Scott lecture 57, no. 1 (November 22, 2011): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006421ar.
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Alcohol has exerted a staggering influence on the Canadian constitution. It was a prominent feature of daily life in the young Dominion, much to both the delight and chagrin of many. The temperance movement exerted its own influence on both the federal and provincial legislatures. Without “alcohol” as a head of power, the legislatures claimed control over this seeming, social evil sometimes under “Peace, Order and Good Government”, “criminal law”, or “Trade and Commerce”; at other times under “Property and Civil Rights”, “Local Matters”, and so forth. Court challenges abounded; the result was, in part, the judiciary’s failure to walk a straight line toward a clear division of powers between the federal and provincial governments. But the result was also many of the doctrines of division of powers that still form part of Canadian constitutional law. Beyond its impact on the division of powers, alcohol was also at the root of Canada’s most important decision on the rule of law: Roncarelli—a decision argued and won by the late F. R. Scott.
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Robertson, Aidan. "Minimum Unit Pricing for Alcohol in the Court of Justice." European Journal of Risk Regulation 5, no. 4 (December 2014): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00004062.
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Legislation passed by the Scottish Parliament in June 2012 to impose minimum unit pricing for alcohol sold in Scotland as part of a strategy to tackle alcohol-related harm has yet to be implemented pending the outcome of a challenge to its legality under EU law before the Scottish Courts brought by three associations of producers of wines and spirits, namely the Scotch Whisky Association, the Confédération Européenne des Producteurs de Spiritueux and the Comité de la Communauté économique européenne des Industries et du Commerce des Vins, Vins aromatisés, Vins mousseux,Vins de Liqueur et autres Produits de la Vigne. The first instance court in Scotland rejected the challenge in May 2013, but Scotland's appeal court decided in April 2014 that before ruling on the producers’ appeal, it should refer a number of questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”). The CJEU is not expected to rule until late 2015 at the earliest and so the ultimate outcome before the Scottish courts is not likely to be known until 2016.
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Korotun, Volodymyr, Nadiia Novytska, and Inna Khlebnikova. "ILLICIT MARKET FOR TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL IN UKRAINE: METHOD OF STATISTICAL EVALUATION." WORLD OF FINANCE, no. 2(55) (2018): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2018.02.043.
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Introduction. Illegal trade in alcoholic beverages / tobacco products deprives the state of tax revenues and increases the availability of such excisable goods around the world, undermining the goals of social policy. In this regard, the most urgent issue is the introduction and implementation of effective control strategies for the circulation of such goods based on the assessment of their illegal circulation. Accordingly, the urgent issue is the development of a methodology for assessing such illegal circulation and its use in the practice of fiscal authorities, it will allow obtaining information on the volume of non-receipt of excise tax and the effectiveness of controls on illegal circulation. Proceeding from the peculiarities of the development of the alcohol and tobacco segments of the excisable goods market in Ukraine, the authors of the article have developed and proposed a Methodology for assessing the illegal circulation of such excisable goods, it involves the use of macro methods, in particular, the method for estimating the implementation and method of estimating tax revenue losses. The source data base of the Methodology was provided by the official statistics of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the United Nations Trade Commerce Statistics Database, WHO data and the Second Global Adult Tobacco Survey. The purpose of the article is a development of methodology for statistical estimation of the volumes and share of illicit market for tobacco and alcohol and tax gap from such treatment. Results. The proposed methodology consists of four stages, which provide for the determination of the volume of consumption of alcoholic beverages / tobacco products and their sales in the retail chain; trade gap and adjusting the volume of sales of cigarettes in the retail chain; volumes and shares of illegal circulation; the tax break and its share in total tax revenues. Conclusionof the evaluation of the illegal circulation of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products according to the Methodology is indicate about the significant part of them from the legal market of such excisable goods, which was made up 36% for alcoholic beverages on average for 2012–2016, and for tobacco products in the scenario, adjustment of sales volume for trade the gap was 19,3%, in the scenario without adjustment was 13,1%. In turn, the share of losses of excise tax and VAT receipts from illegal circulation of alcoholic beverages / tobacco products was 4,8% in total tax revenues during the analyzed period in the first scenario and in the second scenario was 4,4%.
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Campbell, Nancy D., and David Herzberg. "Gender and Critical Drug Studies." Contemporary Drug Problems 44, no. 4 (November 16, 2017): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450917738075.
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This introduction to conjoined special issues of Contemporary Drug Problems and Social History of Alcohol and Drugs, the journal of the Alcohol and Drugs History Society, began with a 2015 symposium at the Baldy Center for Law and Social Policy at the University at Buffalo (SUNY), organized by co-editors Nancy D. Campbell and David Herzberg. The symposium called for incorporating gender analysis into the rapidly developing scholarship on drug use, drug trade, drug science, drug treatment, and drug policy in the United States. The special issues showcase articles that are part of a vibrant body of historical, sociological, and anthropological scholarship that explores the differential effects of drug policy, focusing on how gender—in dynamic relationship to race, class, and sexuality—is integral to virtually every aspect of drug crises including (but not limited to) the relationship between drug policy, drug treatment, and the development of mass incarceration. Gender matters at every level from the intimate and highly personalized to the broad cultural and political forces that disparately apportion vulnerability within drug commerce and the U.S. prison–industrial complex.
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Grisinger, Joanna. "Law in Action: The Attorney General's Committee on Administrative Procedure." Journal of Policy History 20, no. 3 (July 2008): 379–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.0.0020.
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The story of American political development in the twentieth century is in no small part the story of administration. Administrative agencies, bureaus, and departments tasked with handling the work of the federal government had been a feature of governance since the early republic. With the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887, however, administrative agencies and independent regulatory commissions began to proliferate across the federal landscape. By the end of the massive expansion of federal power that characterized the New Deal, Americans very much experienced government through their interactions with bureaucrats and with administrative boards. Individuals and businesses claimed benefits from the Railroad Retirement Board and Veterans Administration, defended themselves against claims of unfair competition before the Federal Trade Commission, requested permits from the Federal Alcohol Administration and the Federal Communications Commission, and sought to resolve labor disputes before the National Labor Relations Board.
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Okaru, Alex O., Andreas Scharinger, Tabata Rajcic de Rezende, Jan Teipel, Thomas Kuballa, Stephan G. Walch, and Dirk W. Lachenmeier. "Validation of a Quantitative Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Screening Method for Coffee Quality and Authenticity (NMR Coffee Screener)." Foods 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010047.
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Monitoring coffee quality as a means of detecting and preventing economically motivated fraud is an important aspect of international commerce today. Therefore, there is a compelling need for rapid high throughput validated analytical techniques such as quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for screening and authenticity testing. For this reason, we sought to validate an 1H NMR spectroscopic method for the routine screening of coffee for quality and authenticity. A factorial experimental design was used to investigate the influence of the NMR device, extraction time, and nature of coffee on the content of caffeine, 16-O-methylcafestol (OMC), kahweol, furfuryl alcohol, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in coffee. The method was successfully validated for specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, and linearity of detector response. The proposed method produced satisfactory precision for all analytes in roasted coffee, except for kahweol in canephora (robusta) coffee. The proposed validated method may be used for routine screening of roasted coffee for quality and authenticity control (i.e., arabica/robusta discrimination), as its applicability was demonstrated during the recent OPSON VIII Europol-Interpol operation on coffee fraud control.
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Johnson, Maxwell. "“Truth Is the Keenest Weapon Ever Drawn”." California History 98, no. 2 (2021): 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2021.98.2.50.
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In the 1920s and early 1930s, Robert P. Shuler, head of Trinity Methodist Church, rose to fame in Los Angeles as a tireless evangelical muckraker. Shuler, via Bob Shuler’s Magazine and his popular radio station KGEF, charged that many powerful Angelenos were involved in various vice pursuits—drinking, drug use, even prostitution—and that the city’s image as a moral, middle-class metropolis was just a facade. Using Shuler’s writings, Los Angeles City Council files, Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce minutes, and local newspapers, I argue that Shuler headed an alternative grassroots power structure in Los Angeles, founded during Prohibition. In those years, Shuler’s efforts found a receptive audience among the many midwestern migrants who had arrived in Los Angeles during previous decades. The city had once rigorously enforced alcohol restrictions, but in the 1920s, police officers and political leaders often protected illegal leisure activities. City leaders eventually retaliated against the preacher, and his power precipitously declined after the end of Prohibition, but for a time Shuler held a unique power to shape local public discourse. This essay reveals one of the battles over Los Angeles’s public image that shaped the city’s prewar rise.
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Allamani, Allaman, and Franca Beccaria. "Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy)." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 5, no. 1 (July 13, 2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v0i0.226.
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Allamani, A., & Beccaria, F. (2016). Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy). The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 1-3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.226Human beings have always sought after truth and made efforts to define and measure objects and events outside and inside themselves. In the last four centuries, since the time of Galileo, scholars came to agree more and more on a scientific method that could be shared in order to obtain replicable results that could become a common good for humanity. The results of a study can in fact lead to technological applications in various sectors of human life, like education, commerce, industry, and health.The search for scientific truth and its relationship with the economy has always had a complicated life: first, because in any given moment there will be different ideas about truth, and second, because researchers need both the means and the time to conduct their work. This is why a researcher must either support him- or herself and/or be financially supported by someone that may have different expectations about the research results.Thus, this involves the integrity of both the individual researcher and his/her referral network—the "scientific community"—that can call into question their ethical sphere by a potentially problematic relationship with truth, economy, and utility.
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Allamani, Allaman, and Franca Beccaria. "Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy)." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 5, no. 1 (July 13, 2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v0i0.226.
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Allamani, A., & Beccaria, F. (2016). Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy). The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 1-3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.226Human beings have always sought after truth and made efforts to define and measure objects and events outside and inside themselves. In the last four centuries, since the time of Galileo, scholars came to agree more and more on a scientific method that could be shared in order to obtain replicable results that could become a common good for humanity. The results of a study can in fact lead to technological applications in various sectors of human life, like education, commerce, industry, and health.The search for scientific truth and its relationship with the economy has always had a complicated life: first, because in any given moment there will be different ideas about truth, and second, because researchers need both the means and the time to conduct their work. This is why a researcher must either support him- or herself and/or be financially supported by someone that may have different expectations about the research results.Thus, this involves the integrity of both the individual researcher and his/her referral network—the "scientific community"—that can call into question their ethical sphere by a potentially problematic relationship with truth, economy, and utility.
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Allamani, Allaman, and Franca Beccaria. "Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy)." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 5, no. 1 (July 13, 2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.226.
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Allamani, A., & Beccaria, F. (2016). Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy). The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 1-3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.226Human beings have always sought after truth and made efforts to define and measure objects and events outside and inside themselves. In the last four centuries, since the time of Galileo, scholars came to agree more and more on a scientific method that could be shared in order to obtain replicable results that could become a common good for humanity. The results of a study can in fact lead to technological applications in various sectors of human life, like education, commerce, industry, and health.The search for scientific truth and its relationship with the economy has always had a complicated life: first, because in any given moment there will be different ideas about truth, and second, because researchers need both the means and the time to conduct their work. This is why a researcher must either support him- or herself and/or be financially supported by someone that may have different expectations about the research results.Thus, this involves the integrity of both the individual researcher and his/her referral network—the "scientific community"—that can call into question their ethical sphere by a potentially problematic relationship with truth, economy, and utility.
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Pasichnyi, Mykola. "The priorities of the state excise policy." University Economic Bulletin, no. 52 (March 18, 2022): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2022-52-167-176.
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The research subject includes the theoretical basis and mechanism of excise policy formation and realization. The study aims to determine the priorities of excise policy development in the context of developing its regulatory impact on economic processes and increasing the fiscal potential of excise duty. Methods. In order to achieve the appropriate tasks, we used a set of methods and approaches that helped to ensure the conceptual unity of our investigation. The systemic and structural approaches, generalization methods, analytical evaluation, synthesis, comparison, scientific abstraction are applied. Results. The fiscal significance of the excise tax in the OECD countries and Ukraine for the last two decades has been determined. The main stages of excise policy development in 2001–2021 are systematized. The volumes of illegal circulation of excisable goods and losses of tax revenues are analyzed. Finally, the priorities of the excise policy are substantiated. Practical implications. Tax policy and instruments of its implementation. Conclusions. Ukraine could use the foreign experience of floating excise tax on fuel in a period of high and rising prices for petroleum products. It is necessary to eliminate the fundamental reason for expanding the illegal tobacco market - a significant difference in the growth rate of cigarette prices (primarily due to the rising tax burden) and household income. Therefore, it is reasonable to change the current schedule of excise duty rates by revising them and slowing down the growth from 20% to 10-12% annually. Furthermore, it is actually to return criminal liability for the illegal movement of tobacco products across the customs border of Ukraine. It is necessary to increase further the institutional capacity of the State Customs and State Border Services. The government should improve the institutional environment for the e-commerce of excisable goods. The priority direction of the taxation development of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products is introducing an automated control system over their production and circulation (electronic excise stamp). A further increase in the tax rate on alcohol should be taken with caution, understanding the potential threats to reduce legal production, and replacing this niche with counterfeiting, which will lead to lower revenues or a tiny increase. The main criterion for collecting excise tax for cars should be technical and operational characteristics related to fuel efficiency.
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Chatterjee, Nilesh, Himanshu A. Gupte, and Gauri Mandal. "A Qualitative Study of Perceptions and Practices Related to Areca Nut Use Among Adolescents in Mumbai, India." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 23, no. 10 (April 8, 2021): 1793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab067.
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Abstract Introduction Areca nut, commonly known as supari, is widely used in India. In addition to tobacco and alcohol, it has been identified as one of the contributory factors for high rates of oral cancer in the country. Methods This qualitative study explored perceptions and practices around the use of areca nut by conducting in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 61 school-going adolescents in the city of Mumbai, India. Results Respondents used low-priced sachets of sweetened, flavored areca nut called supari. They perceived supari as harmless because it was sweet, it had a fresh after-taste as compared to bitter-tasting smokeless tobacco products. How can something sweet be harmful was a common argument offered by respondents. Respondents invariably compared and contrasted areca nut to more harmful and addictive tobacco products; perceiving supari to have milder or inconsequential health effects. Supari use was initiated with friends, a sibling, or a cousin. It was almost always used with friends. Respondents also reported difficulty in refusal to use when offered supari by friends. Parental response to finding out about the child’s supari use was often muted in comparison to extreme reactions associated with the child’s tobacco use. Conclusions Perceptions of low risk or relative harmlessness of the product, social influence, and the features of the product itself influence adolescents’ use of areca nut. Although more research on perceptions of risk, with larger samples, is required, these findings are useful for school-based tobacco prevention and cessation programs and health policy-makers. Implications The study findings have implications for prevention and cessation programs, and policymakers. School-based health education programs should allocate special sessions on areca nut use. Focused mass media communication campaigns describing its harms and association with oral cancer are required for the larger community. As was done for tobacco, Indian policymakers will have to evaluate the marketing, commerce, and distribution of areca nut and create appropriate laws. More research, with larger nationwide samples, is required to examine perceptions of areca nut.
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Bick, Geoff, and Fran Heathcote. "Drink the Duchess: marketing challenges and opportunities encountered when SMEs internationalise." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 9, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2019-0158.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: first, identify the characteristics of born-global SMEs, and how these characteristics facilitate their global expansion shortly after the company’s inception. Second, demonstrate that companies work with limited resources, typically and notably newly established companies, and that these resources should be allocated according to a carefully determined strategy. The resources focussed on in this case pertain to marketing. Third, examine entrepreneurial marketing and its various manifestations. An understanding of how this type of marketing is used by companies for international expansion is expected. Fourth, assess the role of digital marketing and how social media forms an important part of digital marketing. Particular attention is paid to the use of digital marketing, notably social media, in international expansion. Fifth, develop critical thinking skills with respect to strategic business decisions, such as whether to expand a business into foreign markets or to consolidate locally; and how best to penetrate foreign markets, given the nuances and complexities specific to these markets. Case overview/synopsis This teaching case is about The Duchess, a recently developed and launched virgin alcohol-free and sugar-free gin and tonic beverage. The adult soft drink was originally launched in South Africa, and just 18 months later became available in international markets (the UK and Belgium). The founders and protagonists of the case, Johannes le Roux and Inus Smuts, face the dilemmas of creating a competitive local brand while also looking to access new markets and internationalise as a born-global firm. Complexity academic level The target audience for this case comprises students enrolled in tertiary business education programmes who have already had some sort of work experience and hands-on exposure to real-world business. MBA and EMBA students, as well as those enrolled in post-graduate studies specific to marketing, international commerce and entrepreneurship, would be suitable candidates. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing
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Aziato, Kokou, Ekpetsi Chantal Bouka, Povi Lawson-Evi, Aly Savadogo, and Eklu-Gadegbeku Kwashie. "Sparkling ′′wine′′ production tests from extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flowers." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 9 (March 25, 2021): 3231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i9.20.
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The red calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. are widely used in the production of soft drinks in Africa. The anthocyanin pigments of the calyx give a red color to the drinks which are very appreciated by populations. The aim of this study was to develop a sparkling drink with characteristics similar to those of red wine. The production tests were carried out with the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. commonly called "Bissap" and three types of fermentation: one based on palm wine lees, another by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a third by endogenous fermentation or control wine. Physicochemical analyzes showed that the wine obtained from palm wine lees at 17th days had a pH of 2.77 ± 0.07, an acidity of 116.99 ± 13.03 (mmol H+ / L), a degree Brix of 7.5 ± 0.25%, an alcohol degree of 7.05 ± 0.24% and energy value of 74.27 ± 2.77 (Kcal / 100 ml). Sensorial tests revealed that the “bissap wine” obtained with fermentation based on palm wine lees had organoleptic characteristics very similar to grape wine.
Les calices rouges d’Hibiscus sabdariffa L. sont beaucoup utilisés dans la production de boisson rafraîchissante en Afrique. Les pigments anthocyaniques des calices confèrent une couleur rouge aux boissons très appréciées par les populations. L’objectif de cette étude était de mettre au point une boisson pétillante qui a des caractéristiques similaires au vin rouge. Les essais de production ont été réalisés en utilisant les calices d’Hibiscus sabdariffa L. communément appelées « Bissap » et trois types de fermentation dont une à base de la lie du vin de palme, une seconde à partir de Saccharomyces cerevisiae et une troisième par une fermentation endogène ou témoin. Les analyses physico-chimiques ont montré que le vin obtenu à partir de la lie du vin de palme au 17ème jour a un pH de 2,77 ± 0,07, une acidité de 116,99 ± 13,03 (mmol H+/L), un degré brix de 7,5 ± 0,25 %, un degré d’alcool de 7,05 ± 0,24 % et une valeur énergétique de 74,27 ± 2,77 (Kcal/100 ml). Les tests de dégustation ont révélé que le « vin au bissap » obtenu avec le ferment de la lie de vin de palme a des caractéristiques organoleptiques très proches des vins rouges du commerce.
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Hor, Esther Shan Lin, Gurpreet Pal Singh, Nurul Akhmar Omar, and Vincent Russell. "Atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome and non-alcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 8 (August 2021): e244082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-244082.
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We report the case of a middle-aged woman with a history of bipolar disorder, in the absence of alcohol or substance misuse. The patient had been maintained on fluphenazine decanoate depot and now presented acutely with cognitive dysfunction and rigidity. Laboratory tests revealed elevated creatine kinase, acute kidney injury with metabolic acidosis and transaminitis, leading to a provisional diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Neuroleptics were withheld; dialysis was commenced; and blood biochemistry parameters improved in tandem. However, mental status changes persisted, and re-evaluation revealed multidirectional nystagmus with bilateral past-pointing. MRI confirmed the diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE). Prompt recovery followed treatment with high-dose intravenous thiamine. We discuss the co-occurrence of NMS and non-alcoholic WE—highlighting the need for a high index of suspicion for these relatively rare neuropsychiatric diagnoses which are often missed in those with atypical presentations.
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Connor, J. P., R. McD Young, B. R. Lawford, T. L. Ritchie, and E. P. Noble. "D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) polymorphism is associated with severity of alcohol dependence." European Psychiatry 17, no. 1 (March 2002): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00625-9.
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SummaryThe A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene has been associated with alcohol dependence. However, the expression of this allele risk on the severity of drinking behavior in patients with alcohol dependence has not been systematically explored. The present study examines the association between DRD2 A1+(A1/A1 and A1/A2 genotypes) and A1– (A2/A2 genotype) allele status and key drinking parameters in alcohol-dependent patients. A sample of Caucasian adults was recruited from an alcohol detoxification unit. A clinical interview and the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) questionnaire provided data on consumption, dependence, chronology of drinking and prior detoxification. A1+ allele compared to A1– allele patients consumed higher quantities of alcohol, commenced problem drinking at an earlier age, experienced a shorter latency between first introduction to alcohol to the onset of problem drinking and had higher ADS scores. Moreover, A1+ allele patients had more detoxification attempts than their A1– allele counterparts. In sum, alcohol-dependent patients with the DRD2 A1 allele compared to patients without this allele are characterized by greater severity of their disorder across a range of problem drinking indices. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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Howes, L. G., and J. L. Reid. "Changes in plasma free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol and noradrenaline levels after acute alcohol administration." Clinical Science 69, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0690423.
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1. The effects of alcohol (0.9 g/kg) compared with placebo (400 ml of orange juice) on plasma noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels, and on erect and supine blood pressures and heart rates, were studied in eight normal male volunteers. 2. Alcohol caused a rise in noradrenaline levels that commenced approximately 30 min after drinking and lasted about 4h. In contrast, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels fell immediately after alcohol administration and remained low for at least 6h. Acute alcohol administration alters noradrenaline catabolism, and may have a dual effect of increasing noradrenaline release and decreasing noradrenaline clearance. 3. Alcohol caused a transient rise in erect and supine blood pressures that preceded the rise in plasma noradrenaline. Thereafter erect blood pressures fell compared with control. This fall was associated with a progressive rise in both supine and erect rates, and reached a maximum several hours after the maximum levels of blood alcohol. 4. The major effect of acute alcohol administration is to lower blood pressure and induce a reflex tachycardia. Changes in noradrenaline and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol levels did not readily explain changes in blood pressure or heart rate, suggesting that alcohol induced changes in noradrenaline metabolism occur largely independent of changes in blood pressure and heart rate.
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Gallagher, C., Z. Radmall, C. O’Gara, and T. Burke. "Effectiveness of a national ‘Minnesota Model’ based residential treatment programme for alcohol dependence in Ireland: outcomes and predictors of outcome." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 35, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2017.26.
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ObjectivesThe aims of this study were (a) to examine the effectiveness of an inpatient treatment programme for alcohol dependence based on the ‘Minnesota Model’ and (b) to examine potential predictors of outcomes from such treatment.MethodsDemographics and data relating to psychosocial functioning of a group of individuals who commenced treatment for alcohol dependence were gathered at the point of treatment entry. These individuals were then followed up 6 months after they were to complete their inpatient treatment to establish their alcohol-related outcomes. Outcomes from treatment were identified as an index of treatment effectiveness and the outcome data were analysed to determine whether any of the baseline variables could be used to predict outcomes from treatment.ResultsOf those who were contacted at 6-month follow-up, 81.5% had a ‘good outcome’. This represented 66.7% of the total group who participated in the study. The only variable that was found to predict outcomes at 6-month follow-up was severity of alcohol dependence at treatment entry, with more severe alcohol problems associated with poorer outcomes.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the potential for a Minnesota-based treatment programme to be effective in helping people with alcohol dependence to reduce the amount of alcohol they consume and sustain this reduction beyond the treatment period.
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Sommers, Marilyn Sawyer, Janice M. Dyehouse, Steven R. Howe, Kathryn Wekselman, and Michael Fleming. "“Nurse, I Only Had a Couple of Beers”: Validity of Self-reported Drinking Before Serious Vehicular Injury." American Journal of Critical Care 11, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2002.11.2.106.
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• Background Of the more than 40 000 Americans killed each year in vehicular crashes, 40% are involved in alcohol-related collisions. Although self-reported alcohol use has become an anchor for alcohol intervention after traffic crashes, clinicians are often skeptical about the truthfulness of self-reporting. • Objective To determine the validity of self-reported alcohol consumption of vehicular occupants hospitalized for a serious, alcohol-related injury. • Methods Non-alcohol–dependent subjects 18 years and older who were injured in motor vehicle crashes were interviewed. The self-reported number of standard drinks, time that drinking commenced, sex, and weight were used to calculate estimated blood alcohol concentration. This value was compared with the blood alcohol concentration measured at admission. • Results Of the 181 subjects, 60% provided sufficient data to calculate the estimated concentration. Seven men with admission concentrations of 10 mg/dL or more denied drinking. Among the 113 subjects with estimated concentrations who acknowledged drinking (excluding the 7 who denied drinking), the mean concentration at admission was 158.67 mg/dL, and mean estimated concentration was 83.81 mg/dL. According to multiple regression analyses, weight and number of drinks accounted for 3% of the variance in alcohol concentration at admission for women (R =0.174, F2,40 = 0.623, P = .54) and for 29% of the variance in men (R=0.543, F2,128 =26.71, P< .001). • Conclusions Most persons who drink before vehicular injury acknowledge drinking. Self-reported data from men generally reflect the overall trend of alcohol consumption but with systematic underreporting. Reports from women are less predictable.
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Maulana, Mahesa, Rachmat Kriyantono, and Bambang Dwi Prasetyo. "Implementation of Marketing Communication Strategy for Alcoholic Products in Social Sensitivity and Legal Protection." International Journal of Science and Society 3, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v3i3.367.
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The role of marketing communication strategy is very important for companies in marketing products to their target market. Marketing communication of alcoholic beverage products which is hampered by promotion, marketing and distribution requires the right strategy in its implementation to ensure business continuity. This research has an exploratory constructivist paradigm. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy carried out by the management of PT. Multi Bintang Indonesia as a marketing communication strategy for Bir Bintang alcoholic beverages. The research data collection method is through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis of this research is descriptive qualitative. Informant data collection technique is purposive sampling at the Area Business Manager and Business Development Executive PT. Multi Bintang Indonesia Commerce. The results of the study reveal that the company's strategy is more focused on online aspects, including the use of social media, websites and e-commerce to inform products, sales, and campaigns. The form of marketing communication carried out by PT. Multi Bintang Indonesia in the form of direct and interactive marketing, sales promotion, event marketing, merchandise, personal selling, public relations, and word of mouth.
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Davies, Emma L., Cara Law, and Sarah E. Hennelly. "You have to be prepared to drink." Health Education 118, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-04-2017-0020.
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Purpose Many existing interventions to reduce excessive drinking in university students attempt to target individual cognitions, which ignore the wider contextual features that drive excessive drinking and mark this as an important aspect of university life. The purpose of this paper is to explore students’ views about preventing excessive drinking at university, specifically by using frameworks that take into both account individual and social influences. Design/methodology/approach In all, 23 young adults aged 20-30 (12 females; M age=22.91; SD=2.57; 18 students, five recent graduates) took part in semi-structured interviews to explore their views about drinking and measures to reduce excessive consumption. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings There were three themes identified in the analysis. These themes were named “the role of alcohol in student life”, drinking transitions’, and “prevention challenges” and each had related sub-themes. Practical implications Targeting students before they commence their course and highlighting aspects of university life that do not involve alcohol may help to reduce the pressure often felt to drink in social situations. Providing novel, credible alternative socialising options that do not involve alcohol should be explored to determine their acceptability, and their potential to reduce excessive drinking. Originality/value Few studies explore what students themselves think about reducing alcohol consumption and most interventions focus on changing individual cognitions rather than features of the social environment. This study highlights that changing social practices related to drinking in combination with targeting individuals may be more fruitful avenue to reduce excessive alcohol consumption.
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Douglass, Duncan Baird. "Constitutional Crossroads: Reconciling the Twenty-First Amendment and the Commerce Clause to Evaluate State Regulation of Interstate Commerce in Alcoholic Beverages." Duke Law Journal 49, no. 6 (April 2000): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1373054.
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Yang, Abigail, Stefanie Leung, and Apo Demirkol. "“Keep an eye on me, doc!”: outpatient voluntary supervised disulfiram for treatment of alcohol use disorders in a community setting." Drugs and Alcohol Today 17, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-06-2016-0018.
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Purpose Across the world, 3.3 million people die every year as a result of harmful use of alcohol. In Australia, excessive alcohol intake is responsible for 3.2 percent of the total burden of disease and injury. Disulfiram is one of the few pharmacotherapies approved for the treatment of alcohol dependence, and interferes with the metabolism of alcohol causing unpleasant symptoms as a deterrent effect. To date, no studies have examined the efficacy of disulfiram in an outpatient setting in Australia. The purpose of this paper is to describe the medium term outcomes of patients commencing disulfiram in a specialized drug and alcohol outpatient setting in Australia. Design/methodology/approach Data were extracted from outpatient clinical notes for all patients commenced on disulfiram at any location in the drug and alcohol service between January 1, and December 31, 2013. Findings In total, 80 patients were included in the study. At three months following commencement of treatment, 42 patients (53 percent) were considered to have been successfully retained in treatment. Totally, 36 (45 percent) patients reported remaining completely abstinent from alcohol during their first three months of treatment. Patients that self-referred to outpatient disulfiram treatment had 75 percent lesser odds of succeeding in treatment compared to those that were referred by other means (i.e. via hospital, GP or forensic services). Originality/value This study demonstrates that patients receiving supervised disulfiram for three months in the context of this treatment model can achieve abstinence. Further work is needed to compare this with other treatment options.
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Bennun, Ian. "Treating the System or Symptom: Investigating Family Therapy for Alcohol Problems." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 16, no. 3 (July 1988): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300013628.
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This paper investigates two contrasting family therapy approaches in the treatment of alcoholism. Twelve families were randomly assigned to either a symptom-focused or systems-focused treatment. Measures of marital satisfaction, family satisfaction and alcohol dependency were recorded before treatment commenced, after treatment and at a six-month follow up. The results showed that both treatments were equally effective in producing desired change, thus offering clinicians increased choice in the range of effective family interventions.
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Schuster, R., A. Koopmann, and F. Kiefer. "Calcium as a treatment option for alcohol dependence." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1082.
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In the last couple of decades anti-craving drugs have been developed. Acamprosate was described as an effective treatment option to support alcohol abstinence with a low side effect profile. Moreover its molecular mode of action is highly controversial. Recently, calcium salt was described to be the active part of Acamprosate.Using a clinical sample of placebo (n = 10) vs. Acamprosate-treated (n = 19) abstinent alcohol-dependent patients, we measured calcium plasma concentrations after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd month after the treatment commenced. Before treatment, the same physiological calcium concentration of about 2.4 mmol/l was found in both groups respectively. We found significant correlations in the Acamprosate group while no correlations in the placebo group were observed.The very well regulated extracellular calcium serum concentration seems to get out of balance in association with the severity of alcohol dependence in inpatients during withdrawal.Accordingly, in another clinical sample (n = 57) we found a negative correlation between calcium serum concentration and craving (r2= 0.125; P = 0.011) on day 1 of detoxification. The measurement of craving was carried out by a self-rating scale, the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). Furthermore a low calcium level correlated with high breathalyser readings and the number of alcohol inpatient detoxification's.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Deacon, Rachel M., Susan Hines, Kenneth Curry, Maggie Tynan, and Carolyn A. Day. "Feasibility of ambulatory withdrawal management delivered in a NSW drug health service and correlates of completion." Australian Health Review 38, no. 2 (2014): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah13014.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to assess short-term ambulatory withdrawal management (AWM) outcomes at a drug health service (DHS) in Sydney, Australia, in the absence of specific funding. Methods A clinic file audit review was conducted of patients who commenced AWM at the service during January 2009–June 2011. Successful completion was defined as daily attendance with ≤1 missed day, or transfer onto opioid substitution treatment. Results Of 110 episodes, 69 (63%) were completed. Median patient age was 35 years (range 18–71 years), and most patients (68%) were male. Patients presented primarily for cannabis (33%) or alcohol (30%) withdrawal, followed by heroin (19%) or other opioids (6%), and benzodiazepines (12%). Completion rates varied from 86% for non-heroin opioids to 31% for benzodiazepines. Older age was associated with increased completion: 76% of those aged >35 years completed compared with 50% of those ≤35 years of age. Only 46% of women who commenced withdrawal management completed compared with 71% of men. Conclusions Most people commencing AWM at the DHS completed the program, indicating AWM can be performed at public drug and alcohol clinics. Service improvements may help increase completion rates among women and patients withdrawing from benzodiazepines. What is known about the topic? WM is not a standalone treatment for substance dependence, but is commonly a first attempt at treatment. AWM is often more acceptable to patients, and cheaper, than in-patient services. What does this paper add? About two-thirds of patients entering an AWM program operating since 2001 continue to complete the program. What are the implications for practitioners? AWM can be carried out successfully through public drug and alcohol services, although clinic staff support is important.
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Gunby, Clare, Anna Carline, and Stuart Taylor. "Location, libation and leisure: An examination of the use of licensed venues to help challenge sexual violence." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 13, no. 3 (May 30, 2017): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659016651751.
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Anti-rape campaign messages have increasingly targeted men in order to educate them on the law of (sexual) consent. The 18–24 age demographic are at increased risk of experiencing sex offences, with over half of these crimes involving alcohol consumption. The interactions which culminate in alcohol-involved rape often commence in night-time venues, making intuitive sense for prevention campaigns to be based within licensed establishments. The Night Time Economy, however, comprises venues where people go to drink, have fun, take ‘time out’ and which are characterised and criticised for their promotion of sexism. This article therefore asks: how useful are licensed spaces in promoting rape prevention discourses amongst young men? To this end, the article analyses 41 students’ discussions (across six focus groups) regarding a rape prevention campaign that ran in one English city and that directed its prevention advice at males. In doing so, we argue that environments which incite narratives of loss of control and hypersexuality compromise the ability to counter sexual offending. We also argue that the presence of sexually violent advertising within licenced spaces undermines considerably the call to end gendered violence.
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Manning, Victoria, Hugh Piercy, Joshua Benjamin Bernard Garfield, and Dan Ian Lubman. "Personalized Approach Bias Modification Smartphone App (“SWIPE”) to Reduce Alcohol Use Among People Drinking at Hazardous or Harmful Levels: Protocol for an Open-Label Feasibility Study." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): e21278. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21278.
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Background Alcohol accounts for 5.1% of the global burden of disease and injury, and approximately 1 in 10 people worldwide develop an alcohol use disorder. Approach bias modification (ABM) is a computerized cognitive training intervention in which patients are trained to “avoid” alcohol-related images and “approach” neutral or positive images. ABM has been shown to reduce alcohol relapse rates when delivered in residential settings (eg, withdrawal management or rehabilitation). However, many people who drink at hazardous or harmful levels do not require residential treatment or choose not to access it (eg, owing to its cost, duration, inconvenience, or concerns about privacy). Smartphone app–delivered ABM could offer a free, convenient intervention to reduce cravings and consumption that is accessible regardless of time and place, and during periods when support is most needed. Importantly, an ABM app could also easily be personalized (eg, allowing participants to select personally relevant images as training stimuli) and gamified (eg, by rewarding participants for the speed and accuracy of responses) to encourage engagement and training completion. Objective We aim to test the feasibility and acceptability of “SWIPE,” a gamified, personalized alcohol ABM smartphone app, assess its preliminary effectiveness, and explore in which populations the app shows the strongest indicators of effectiveness. Methods We aim to recruit 500 people who drink alcohol at hazardous or harmful levels (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score≥8) and who wish to reduce their drinking. Recruitment will be conducted through social media and websites. The participants’ intended alcohol use goal (reduction or abstinence), motivation to change their consumption, and confidence to change their consumption will be measured prior to training. Participants will be instructed to download the SWIPE app and complete at least 2 ABM sessions per week for 4 weeks. Recruitment and completion rates will be used to assess feasibility. Four weeks after downloading SWIPE, participants will be asked to rate SWIPE’s functionality, esthetics, and quality to assess acceptability. Alcohol consumption, craving, and dependence will be measured prior to commencing the first session of ABM and 4 weeks later to assess whether these variables change significantly over the course of ABM. Results We expect to commence recruitment in August 2020 and complete data collection in March 2021. Conclusions This will be the first study to test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a personalized, gamified ABM intervention smartphone app for hazardous or harmful drinkers. Results will inform further improvements to the app, as well as the design of a statistically powered randomized controlled trial to test its efficacy relative to a control condition. Ultimately, we hope that SWIPE will extend the benefits of ABM to the millions of individuals who consume alcohol at hazardous levels and wish to reduce their use but cannot or choose not to access treatment. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12620000638932p; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12620000638932p International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/21278
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Tew, Jennifer Catherine, Laura Harrington, Haythum Elsayed, and Gideon Mlawa. "Pellagra as a differential diagnosis in the confused patient on the acute medical unit." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 11 (November 2022): e249405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-249405.
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A man in his 80s was admitted via the acute medical take after presenting with increased confusion and features of alcohol withdrawal. He had a several-month history of a worsening pruritic rash surrounding his neck, arms and legs in addition to new, profuse diarrhoea. In view of the background of known chronic alcoholism and the coexisting symptoms of rash, confusion and diarrhoea, pellagra was diagnosed via a multidisciplinary approach. Oral nicotinamide supplementation was commenced and his symptoms responded rapidly. The bias and challenge of reaching a unified diagnosis in the context of a multisystem condition are exemplified in this case report.
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Atorkey, Prince, Judith Byaruhanga, Christine Paul, John Wiggers, Billie Bonevski, and Flora Tzelepis. "Multiple Health Risk Factors in Vocational Education Students: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020637.
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Health risk factors such as tobacco smoking, inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, risky alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, obesity, anxiety and depression often commence during adolescence and young adulthood. Vocational education institutions enrol many students in these age groups making them an important setting for addressing multiple health risk factors. This systematic review examined (i) co-occurrence of health risk factors, (ii) clustering of health risk factors, and (iii) socio-demographic characteristics associated with co-occurrence and/or clusters of health risks among vocational education students. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies published by 30 June 2020. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tool. Five studies assessed co-occurrence and three studies clustering of health risks. Co-occurrence of health risk factors ranged from 29–98% and clustering of alcohol use and tobacco smoking was commonly reported. The findings were mixed about whether gender and age were associated with co-occurrence or clustering of health risks. There is limited evidence examining co-occurrence and clustering of health risk factors in vocational education students. Comprehensive assessment of how all these health risks co-occur or cluster in vocational education students is required.
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Фрадкіна, Н. В. "УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ЧИННИК В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МАСОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ." Humanities journal, no. 2 (July 29, 2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/gch.2019.2.03.
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The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.
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Nkire, Nnamdi, Michael Doran, and John J. O'Connor. "Hypogonadism in an opioid dependent man." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 28, no. 3 (September 2011): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700012209.
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AbstractWe describe here the case of a 45-year-old man with a chronic history of heroin abuse who has received methadone maintenance therapy for 12 years. At admission, on this occasion, for stabilisation on methadone, he reported a two-year history of painful gynaecomastia and testicular atrophy. Investigations revealed abnormal sex hormone levels. Liver function tests, thyroid function tests, Brain (pituitary) MRI and viral screens were normal. Following assessment and abnormality in two morning total testosterone level measurements he was diagnosed with hypogonadism secondary to opioid use. Although he had a previous history of alcohol abuse, he was abstinent from alcohol use for five years at time of assessment. He was commenced on parenteral testosterone replacement with therapeutic benefit.In light of the increased use of opioids, it is important to recognise and manage the endocrine complications of opioid use. The need for an empathic and adequate sexual history, physical examination and investigation is essential in patients who use opioids to ensure that cases of hormonal dysfunction are detected early and managed appropriately.
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Malkov, Andrei V., and Pavel Kočovský. "Tetrahydrocannabinol Revisited: Synthetic Approaches Utilizing Molybdenum Catalysts." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 66, no. 8 (2001): 1257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20011257.
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∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol 1 and its isomers were synthesized via domino-type methodology. The first approach, leading to (±)-1, relies on the Mo(IV)-catalyzed, one-pot cascade reaction of citral (4) with olivetol (15), affording (±)-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol as a 69 : 31 mixture of the trans- (natural) and cis-isomers in 20% yield. The alternative approach, leading to natural (-)-1, commenced with epoxidation of (+)-limonene (R)-(+)-16; opening of the resulting cis-epoxide 17 with PhSeNa, followed by elimination, afforded tertiary alcohol 21, whose acetate 22 was treated with olivetol 15 in the presence of Mo(II) catalyst IV to afford (-)-1 in 52% yield.
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Wallenhorst, Thomas, Jacques Cornet, Nadia Liechti, Caroline Massicard, and Hélène Euvrard. "L’hospitalisation de jour : un nouvel outil en addictologie." Perspectives Psy 59, no. 4 (October 2020): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ppsy/202059369.
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La mise en place de l’hôpital de jour a été un pari sur le plan institutionnel car l’équipe a osé commencer à moyens constants : chacun a voulu s’engager pour un pourcentage de son emploi de temps alors qu’il travaillait déjà dans une autre unité. La viabilité économique a été prouvée, ce qui a permis l’embauche de personnels et l’augmentation de l’activité. Un travail spécialisé en addictologie avait commencé en 2001 par la création d’un Centre de Cure Ambulatoire en Addictologie (CCAA) devenu la Consultation Hospitalière en Addictologie (CHA) par la suite. Outre la nouvelle activité de consultation, les professionnels se sont appuyés sur le sevrage institutionnel (5 lits réservés dans une unité de psychiatrie générale) et une activité de liaison (ELSA). Les soins associent des prises en charge individuelles et en groupe. Les intervenants sont formés pour chercher les ressources des patients dans le but de les inviter à y prendre appui pour les développer : ils savent travailler, à la fois, avec les résistances et avec l’ambivalence des patients. Le groupe de parole toutes les semaines pendant deux heures est un des piliers des soins. Il sera proposé à chaque participant, à la fois, un apprentissage d’écouter ce qui se passe dans sa vie intérieure, d’écouter les autres participants et de prendre la parole pour parler de son vécu. L’hospitalisation de jour ne sera pas un outil pour tout patient souffrant d’une problématique addictive. Il s’adresse à des patients plus vulnérables concernant leur problème alcool. Le fait de rencontrer les patients plusieurs fois par semaine permet d’observer leurs états émotionnels et leurs fonctionnements, ce qui permet d’y réagir et d’intervenir.
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Leong, KK, M. Paramlall, H. Swanepoel, and J. Herrod. "35 Processing speed (PS) improvement in alcohol related brain damage (ARBD)." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 93, no. 12 (November 14, 2022): e3.29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-bnpa.35.
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IntroductionARBD is characterised by cognitive impairment, a causative link to excessive alcohol ingestion and thiamine deficiency. It is complex; with deficits in anterograde memory, executive function, attention, PS, visuospatial skills and IQ and approximately 25% have ischaemic or traumatic head injury events.1Oslin’s Alcohol Dementia Criteria2recommends assessment after three months for evaluation of long standing cognitive deficits due to abstinence related improvement; not observed in patients with concomitant vascular lesions. Domains studied include verbal fluency (VF), memory, abstraction and perceptual motor skills. There are no treatment guidelines for ARBD cognitive deficits. Various cognitive domains showed some improvement with Donepezil, Rivastigmine and Memantine; but not in PS. Our patient, showed such an improvement with Memantine.Case summaryWe present a case of a 68-year-old man with a 30 year history of alcohol dependence of 9 units per day (substantially increased in the 7 years pre-admission), resulting in self-neglect, impulsivity, aggression, hallucinations, and chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae and cognitive impairments. He met the criteria for ARBD1with prolonged cognitive impairment, causative association with alcohol use requiring thiamine replacement3; CT abdomen showed hepatic atrophy and MRI head demonstrated moderate small vessel disease. Self-neglect, impulsivity, aggression, and hallucinations improved with three month’s alcohol abstinence, however, neuropsychiatric complications persisted. Ten months abstinence- self report mood disorder screening and typical dementia blood screen were unremarkable. A Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV UK) was performed and Memantine commenced (uptitrated to BNF maximum.)ResultsThe WAIS-IV 3 month follow up showed statistical improvement in Perceptual reasoning, PS and General Ability index.DiscussionPrevious ARBD studies indicate abstinence related improvements in delayed recall, VF and general intellectual functioning, but, not in memory and inhibition4. Memantine (non-competitive NMDA antagonist) is associated with improved VF, confrontational naming, word list memory, constructional praxis recall and trail making A; no studies have measured PS using specific neuropsychological tests. PS is associated with the superior longditudinal fasiculus and white matter tracts within parietal and temporal cortices and left middle frontal gyrus5. Functional neuroimaging has shown white matter loss in the prefrontal cortex, superior prefrontal association cortex, cerebellum, hypothalmus and corpus callosum6. Alcohol possibly upregulates NMDA receptors and glutamate excitotoxicity with impaired oligodendrocyte function and white matter lesions7. Memantine, possibly prevents glutamate toxicity and may improve oligodendrocyte function myelination restoration. Therefore, PS improvements may be related to lesion repair secondary to Memantine effect on Oligodendrocyte function.
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Gojkovic, S. Lj, A. V. Tripkovic, and R. M. Stevanovic. "Mixtures of methanol and 2-propanol as a potential fuel for direct alcohol fuel cells." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72, no. 12 (2007): 1419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0712419g.
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The electrochemical oxidation of methanol, 2-propanol, and their mixtures was investigated on a Pt/C thin film electrode in acid solution. It was confirmed that the oxidation of 2-propanol commences at less positive potentials than that of methanol and exhibits significantly higher oxidation current densities at low potentials. When both methanol and 2-propanol were present in the solution, the onset of the oxidation current was the same as for the oxidation of pure 2-propanol. Although both alcohols inhibit the oxidation reaction of each other to a certain extent, steady-state polarization measurements showed that their mixture provides higher current densities than single alcohols over the entire potential region from the hydrogen region to oxide formation on the Pt surface. This implies that the addition of 2-propanol into the fuel may extend the operational range of direct methanol fuel cells.
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Rota-Bartelink, Alice, and Bryan Lipmann. "Older People With Alcohol-Related Brain Injury and Associated Complex Behaviors: A Psychosocial Model of Residential Care (The Wicking Project)." Care Management Journals 11, no. 2 (June 2010): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.11.2.112.
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The increasing need for specialist residential aged care services to support older people with complex behaviors resulting from dementia and alcohol-related brain injury was the impetus for the development of an exploratory action research trial. Affected individuals are commonly characterized by a unique set of needs and life circumstances that are not adequately or appropriately supported by currently available mainstream services. We discuss the synthesis, design, and key features of the research trial’s specialized model, which commenced in 2008 in Wintringham, Australia. The trial was recently completed in November 2009. Through the development of a specialized residential care model, we aim to move one step closer to providing appropriate support to one of the most needing yet highly marginalized group of people.
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Harrogate, Suzanne R., Edouard Mills, Asjid Qureshi, and Jacob F. de Wolff. "An Unusual Case of Acute Muscle Weakness." Acute Medicine Journal 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0638.
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A previously healthy 35-year old man presented to hospital with acute leg weakness following an alcohol binge. On assessment, tachycardia, urinary retention and bilateral upper and lower limb proximal weakness with preserved peripheral power were noted. Biochemistry revealed marked hypokalaemia, which responded to intravenous replacement, and biochemical thyrotoxicosis, leading to the diagnosis of Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis (TPP). Anti-thyroid therapy and beta-blockers were commenced and his neurological symptomatology resolved as he became progressively euthyroid. TPP is a rare acquired subtype of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis, typically causing proximal muscle weakness associated with thyrotoxicosis. It is most common in young Asian males. Acute treatment requires cautious oral potassium supplementation, beta-blockade, and anti-thyroid therapy. TPP is prevented by maintaining euthyroidism; otherwise recurrence is likely.
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Chivers, Bonnie R., Jacqueline A. Boyle, Adina Y. Lang, Helena J. Teede, Lisa J. Moran, and Cheryce L. Harrison. "Preconception Health and Lifestyle Behaviours of Women Planning a Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061701.
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Preconception care and lifestyle behaviours significantly influence health outcomes of women and future generations. A cross-sectional survey of Australian women in preconception, stratified by pregnancy planning stage (active planners (currently trying to conceive) vs. non-active planners (pregnancy planned within 1–5 years)), assessed health behaviours and their alignment to preconception care guidelines. Overall, 294 women with a mean (SD) age of 30.7 (4.3) years were recruited and 38.9% were overweight or obese. Approximately half of women (54.4%) reported weight gain within the previous 12 months, of which 69.5% gained ≥ 3kg. The vast majority of women (90.2%) were unaware of reproductive life plans, and 16.8% over the age of 25 had not undertaken cervical screening. Of active planners (n = 121), 47.1% had sought medical/health advice in preparation for pregnancy and 81.0% had commenced supplementation with folic acid, iodine or a preconception multivitamin. High-risk lifestyle behaviours including cigarette smoking (7.3%), consumption of alcohol (85.3%) and excessive alcohol consumption within three months (56.3%), were frequently reported in women who were actively trying to conceive. Results indicate that women who are actively planning a pregnancy require support to optimise health and lifestyle in preparation for pregnancy to improve alignment with current preconception care recommendations.
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Richmond, Robyn L., Devon Indig, Tony G. Butler, Kay A. Wilhelm, Vicki A. Archer, and Alex D. Wodak. "Smoking and Other Drug Characteristics of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Prisoners in Australia." Journal of Addiction 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/516342.
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Introduction and Aim. Although tobacco and alcohol use have declined substantially in the Australian community, substance use among prisoners remains high. The aim was to compare the smoking, drug, and alcohol characteristics, sociodemographic profile, and general health of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal male prisoners in a smoking cessation intervention.Design and Methods. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of data from 425 male prisoners who joined a quit smoking trial conducted at 18 correctional centres in NSW and Queensland using data collected by standardised self-report instruments.Results. Average age was 33 years with 15% from Aboriginal descent. Compared to non-Aboriginal prisoners, Aboriginal prisoners were significantly more likely to have left school with no qualifications, to have been institutionalised as a child, to be previously incarcerated, and commenced smoking at a younger age. The tobacco use profile of both groups was similar; most of them had a medium to high level of nicotine dependence, smoked roll your own tobacco, and were “serious” about quitting.Discussion and Conclusion. Despite differences in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and offending history, the smoking characteristics of Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal prisoners were similar. Incarceration offers an opportunity to encourage smoking cessation and reduction of drug use.
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Swensen, Greg. "A Short History of Managing Problematic Users of Alcohol in Western Australia by Mental Health Services." SUCHT 66, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911/a000649.
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Abstract. Aims: This paper examines the role that mental health services (MHS) performed in the management and provision of medical care and treatment of problematic users of alcohol in Western Australia (WA) over the period since 1900. Methods: The research involved an examination of legislative enactments and regulations, records of parliamentary debates in Hansard, administrative records in the State Records Office, and other sources of public information, such as departmental annual reports, reviews of services, studies and newspapers. Results: This research identified three eras of policy involving problematic users. The first, from 1900 to the mid 1970s, focussed on controls in inebriates and lunacy legislation to create a regime of civil commitment, designed to confine and compel ‘inebriates’, as well as ‘convicted inebriates,’ to ‘dry out’ and rehabilitate. The second, between 1975 and the late 1990s, involved the creation of a state-wide system of specialist service providers to provide treatment and recovery for problematic users. The system involved a spectrum of services that included a detoxification hospital, outpatient clinics and community-based regional services established and operated by a statutory public health agency, the Alcohol and Drug Authority (ADA). The third era, which commenced in the late 1990s, involved the transfer of all community-based services from the ADA to ‘not-for-profit’ non-government organisations (NGOs). The end result of this devolution was the ADA retained only a limited treatment role, as the operator of the inpatient detoxification facility. The balance of its functions were redefined in relation to the prevention of the use of alcohol and other drugs, primarily through support of mass public education programs, as well as oversight of funded NGO programs. The paper concludes with a consideration of a recent major development which involved administrative and legislative actions in 2015 to abolish the statutory body which had operated since 1975 and transfer administrative responsibility for drug and alcohol services into the Mental Health Commission.
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Hampton, E., R. Saggu, X. D. Gondongwe, and F. Mamdani. "An audit of the pharmacological management of patients experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal at a large tertiary centre." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (November 30, 2022): ii23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.026.
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Abstract Introduction Alcohol has depressant effects on the central nervous system through its effect on inhibitory GABAA receptors. In chronic excessive alcohol use, GABAA receptors undergo neuroadaptation, and so, in abrupt alcohol withdrawal upon admission into hospital, the central nervous system remains in a hyperactive state, resulting in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), and can progress to seizures and delirium tremens if not managed appropriately. National guidance recommends validated tools such as the ‘Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment – Alcohol, revised’ (CIWA-Ar) scale and use of benzodiazepines and thiamine for AWS management. Within our organisation, pharmacists and the Alcohol and Drug Liaison Nurse (ADLN) specialists have noted variability in AWS management. Aim This project aimed to investigate the compliance to local and national guidelines in the management of AWS. Methods A retrospective audit (for which ethical approval was not required) was conducted using the electronic health record system to identify high-risk drinkers on the acute medical unit (AMU). A report of AMU admissions from 1st to 30th April 2020 was obtained and identified 44 patients with AWS. Patient records were analysed to assess compliance to the following standards: Standard 1 was that 100% of patients must have a completed AUDIT-C form on admission; Standard 2 was that 100% with AWS must have a CIWA-Ar score recorded every 4 hours on day one; Standard 3 was that 100% must be prescribed a benzodiazepine reducing regimen as per guidelines; and Standard 4 was that 100% with malnourishment or who will continue to consume alcohol must be discharged with thiamine 200-300mg daily. Results For Standard 1, 2% of patients (n=1) had AUDIT-C forms completed. For Standard 2, 14% (n=6) had a CIWA-Ar score measured every 4 hours on day one. For Standard 3, 23% (n=10) were prescribed benzodiazepine fixed-dose reducing regimens according to their CIWA-Ar score. 23% (n=10) had no benzodiazepines prescribed and 30% (n=13) were only prescribed a ‘when required’ benzodiazepine. 48% (n=21) were prescribed a regular benzodiazepine initially rather than a reducing regimen. Of these, 62% (13/21) were commenced on an appropriate dose according to their CIWA-Ar score. For Standard 4, 34% (n=15) were discharged on oral thiamine 200-300mg daily. 27% (n=12) were discharged without thiamine. Discussion/Conclusion The use of AUDIT-C forms was not routine practice. This may lead to under-detection of patients experiencing AWS resulting in treatment delays. CIWA-Ar scores were rarely carried out every 4 hours on day one, perhaps highlighting a need for guidance on frequency of CIWA-Ar assessment. Ten patients with AWS were not prescribed a benzodiazepine. This could have been due to a lack of awareness of guidelines, or that simplification of current guidelines is required. Limitations of this audit include that it did not explore clinical reasons for deviations from guidelines or any additional specialist advice sought from ADLN. As such, it cannot be assumed that all deviations from guidelines were inappropriate. No audit standards were met, highlighting a need to improve management of AWS in a hospital setting. References 1. NHS Digital. Statistics on Alcohol, England 2019 [PAS] [Internet]. 1 February 2019. [accessed 12 May 2021]; Available from: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-andinformation/publications/statistical/statistics-on-alcohol/2019 2. Kumar S, Porcu P, Werner D, Matthews D, Diaz-Granados J, Helfand R et al. The role of GABAA receptors in the acute and chronic effects of ethanol: a decade of progress. Psychopharmacology [Internet]. 2009 [cited 30 July 2022];205(4):529-564. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-009-1562-z 3. National Institute for Heath and Care Excellence. Alcohol-use disorders: diagnosis, assessment and management of harmful drinking (high-risk drinking and alcohol dependence [internet]. 02 June 2010. [accessed 30 July 2022]; Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg100/chapter/Recommendations#acute-alcohol-withdrawal
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Khan, Zahid Ullah, Nasrullah Ghuman, and KaHinKaren Mak. "Rare case of diabetic neuropathic cachexia along with diabetic amyotrophy." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 5 (May 2021): e239869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-239869.
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A 65-year-old patient with background of alcohol excess and previous gunshot wounds was admitted with significant weight loss, leg cramps, dizziness and lethargy for the last 3 months. He was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in July 2020 and was started on Metformin and Gliclazide by his in July; he was later commenced on alogliptin and empaglaflozin by diabetes specialist nurse in early August. He also had generalised muscle wasting, dorsal guttering in both hands and was cachectic when he presented to hospital. His haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 124 mmol/mol in July 2020 and was 63 mmol/mol in September 2020. The patient had negative autoimmune and TB screen. CT abdomen/pelvis and CT lumbosacral spine that showed mild diverticular disease and bilateral L5 spondylolysis with L5-S1 spondylotic changes. Electrophysiological studies confirmed sensory motor peripheral neuropathy. Patient was diagnosed with diabetic neuropathic cachexia secondary to poorly controlled diabetes and was commenced on 30 units two times per day of NovoMix 30 insulin; this was adjusted to 24 units two times per day in endocrine clinic 3 months later, after gaining 10 kg in weight. Good glycaemic control is key to the management of such cases and, therefore, we recommend early referral to diabetes specialist input for consideration of insulin therapy.
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Berndt, Anastasya A. "Criminological characteristics of personality traits that commit retail sale of alcoholic beverages to minors." Yugra State University Bulletin 15, no. 3 (January 11, 2020): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu2019348-53.
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The subject of the research is the criminological characteristics of convicts under art. 151.1 of the Criminal Code. The purpose is studying of analyze a new type of identity of the criminal offender, a feature of that is bringing of criminal responsibility for committing several similar administrative offenses. The study revealed specific socio-demographic characteristics of convicts under Art. 151.1 of the iCriminal Code, which account is necessary for the formation of a system for the prevention of such unlawful behavior. This is low level of education, age 30-49, crimes are committed, as a rule, by women of working specialties. An analysis of the social and role characteristics of convicts allowed to reveal the peculiarity of this crime, which has mainly a female face. This is due to the scope of activities, since women are mainly involved in trade. As a result of studying of moral and psychological characteristics of the convicts' personality, it was concluded that the sphere of commerce is sufficiently criminal, and this largely determines the formation of the criminal motivation of the convicts.