Journal articles on the topic 'Albumen'
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Lall, Jitendra Goldie, Ajeet Kumar Santra, and Sambhuti Shankar Sahu. "Effect of storage period on internal and external parameters of Deshi Chicken fowl." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1575.
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The fresh eggs were collected and evaluated to effect of storage periods on internal and external characteristics in local chicken eggs. The mean value of the egg weight, egg width, shape index, albumin height, albumen weight, albumen percentage, albumin index, yolk height, yolk weight, yolk percentage, yolk index, shell thickness, shell weight, shell %, albumin pH, albumin protein and Haugh Unit are 58.60±0.84 g, 4.08±0.02 cm, 76.39±1.02, 5.40±0.16 mm, 33.67±0.37g, 58.07±0.55%, 6.76±0.49, 18.20±0.29 mm, 18.33±0.43 g, 44.27±0.91%, 44.27±0.91%, 0.29±0.02, 6.06±0.22, 10.39±0.25, 7.82±0.02, 11.77±0.07 and 72.63±1.34 in local chicken eggs. The data from current study indicates that with increase in storage period, a significant (P<0.01) decline was observed in various parameters like percentage weight loss, albumen height, yolk height, egg width, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh unit, albumen %, albumen weight, shell thickness and albumen protein. Contrary to this, albumen pH (P<0.01) was found to escalate with increase in storage period. Egg length, shell %and yolk % have significantly differed at (P<0.01) level. Shape index and shell weight showed no significant differences.
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Goto, Tatsuhiko, Hiroki Mori, Shunsuke Shiota, and Shozo Tomonaga. "Metabolomics Approach Reveals the Effects of Breed and Feed on the Composition of Chicken Eggs." Metabolites 9, no. 10 (October 13, 2019): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9100224.
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Chicken eggs provide essential nutrients to consumers around the world. Although both genetic and environmental factors influence the quality of eggs, it is unclear how these factors affect the egg traits including egg metabolites. In this study, we investigated breed and feed effects on 10 egg traits, using two breeds (Rhode Island Red and Australorp) and two feed conditions (mixed feed and fermented feed). We also used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) to analyze 138 yolk and 132 albumen metabolites. Significant breed effects were found on yolk weight, eggshell weight, eggshell colors, and one albumen metabolite (ribitol). Three yolk metabolites (erythritol, threitol, and urea) and 12 albumen metabolites (erythritol, threitol, ribitol, linoleic acid, isoleucine, dihydrouracil, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, alanine, glycine, N-butyrylglycine, pyruvic acid, and valine) were significantly altered by feed, and a significant interaction between breed and feed was discovered in one albumen metabolite (N-butyrylglycine). Yolk and albumin had higher levels of sugar alcohols when hens were fed a fermented diet, which indicates that sugar alcohol content can be transferred from diet into eggs. Linoleic acid was also enriched in albumen under fermented feed conditions. This study shows that yolk and albumen metabolites will be affected by breed and feed, which is the first step towards manipulating genetic and environmental factors to create “designer eggs.”
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Rhamadhini, Putri Ayu, Dani Garnida, and Dedi Rahmat. "Pengaruh Lebar Albumen, Tinggi Albumen, dan Indeks Albumen terhadap Haugh Unit Telur Ayam Ras." JANHUS Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Journal of Animal Husbandry Science 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.52434/janhus.v7i1.2038.
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Peningkatan nilai Haugh unit agar kualitas telur semakin baik dapat dilakukan dengan meninjau faktor yang berkorelasi dengan Haugh unit diantaranya lebar albumen, tinggi albumen dan indeks albumen. Adanya hubungan sebab-akibat menandakan adanya jalur pengaruh yang dapat diukur berapa besarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi dan besar pengaruh lebar albumen, tinggi albumen, dan indeks albumen terhadap Haugh unit telur ayam ras. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasional dan sampel diambil secara purposive sampling dari 300 butir telur ayam ras segar dengan kriteria keutuhan kerabang dan keseragaman bobot telur KV 10%, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisa jalur. Hasil analisis menunjukkan lebar albumen (X1) berkorelasi negatif dengan Haugh unit sebesar -0,554, sedangkan tinggi albumen (X2) dan indeks albumen (X3) berkorelasi positif, masing-masing sebesar 0,949 dan 0,936 (P<0,01). Tinggi albumen memiliki pengaruh paling tinggi terhadap nilai Haugh unit yaitu sebesar 74,39%. Adapun lebar albumen dan indeks albumen memiliki pengaruh lebih rendah, masing-masing sebesar 7,70% dan 10,95%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya korelasi antara lebar albumen, tinggi albumen dan indeks albumen dengan Haugh unit, dimana tinggi albumen paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap nilai Haugh unit.
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DINESH, KRISHANENDER, V. SANKHYAN, D. THAKUR, N. VERMA, and N. BHARDWAJ. "Effect of age on egg quality traits of Dahlem Red chicken under intensive system of management in Himachal Pradesh." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i3.122268.
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The present study was carried on Dahlem Red chicken breed to assess the effect of age on egg quality traits. Total 250 eggs were collected from birds at different age groups, i.e. 21, 28, 40, 52 and 64 weeks of age for studying the external and internal egg quality parameters. The external characters like egg weight, egg length and egg width were measured. Thereafter, the egg was broken and the internal traits like albumen length, height, width of albumen, yolk height, yolk width, shell thickness were recorded using standard procedure. The derived traits like shape index, albumen index, yolk index and Haugh unit, were estimated. Most of the egg quality traits differed significantly at different age of measurements. Egg weight increased as the age of bird advanced and egg weight varied from 39.35±0.69 at 21 week of age to 59.3±1.22 at 64 week of age. Analysis of variance revealed that shape index did not differ significantly with age. Length, width and height of albumen increased as the age of bird progressed. Albumin index was significantly higher at 21 and 40 weeks of age. Similarly, yolk height and width increased as the age of bird advanced. The differences for Haugh unit scores were non-significant among the different age groups and varied within a very narrow range (96.94–98.94) at different ages indicating uniform internal egg quality over the age. Significant differences in shell thickness were observed among different age groups. Correlation coefficient between egg weight with egg length, egg width, albumen length, albumen height and yolk width were positive. Albumen index and Haugh unit were negatively correlated with egg weight at 21, 52 and 64 week of age. The result indicate that the age of bird significantly affects the egg quality parameters.
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Bakti, Adji Nusa, Dedi Rahmat, and Primiani Edianingsih. "Effect of albumen width, albumen height, and albumen index on haugh unit of sentul chicken eggs." Jurnal Produksi Ternak Terapan (JPTT) 4, no. 2 (October 11, 2023): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jptt.v4i2.42289.
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Haugh unit is one of the indicators that determine albumen quality. This study aims to know the correlation and the magnitude of the effect of albumen width, albumen height, and albumen index on the haugh unit of sentul chicken eggs. The research method used was correlational method. This research was using secondary data of 119 sentul chicken eggs and tested with normality test, linearity test, correlation, and path analysis used SPSS 26. The result showed that there was a correlation between albumen width, albumen height, and albumen index on the haugh unit of sentul chicken eggs and the effect of albumen height on the haugh unit of sentul chicken eggs is 83.13% and the effect of albumen index on the haugh unit of sentul chicken eggs is 9.78%.
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Shaheen, R., Y. Elreweny, and M. Ali. "CONSERVING AND PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION PLAN OF PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCHIVE BELONG TO KHEDIVE ISMAIL PASHA BACK TO 19TH CENTURY STORAGE IN VEHICLES MUSEUM." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-2-2023 (June 26, 2023): 1449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-2-2023-1449-2023.
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Abstract. The Royal Vehicles Museum contains five albums of Albumin photographs dating from the 19th century. These photographs are poorly preserved in the basement of the Royal Vehicle Museum which is located on one of the most crowded streets, July 26 St., near the Nile River in Cairo. Due to the poor storage conditions of wooden boxes without treatment, it is unsafe against insects and microbiological damage, so they are vulnerable to rapid because the albumin photographs are composed of organic and inorganic materials, which makes them vulnerable to rapid damage. This paper presents documentation, preservation, and conservation of albumen photographic print-outs. Temperature, humidity, and UV were measured in the storage area by Data Luger. The deterioration aspect of the Royal Album and the albumen photographs has been identified. A condition report has been planned to record all the archaeological and historical information belonging to the album. SEM_EDX was used to identify the surface morphology and determine the type of silver salts used. The microbiological test was performed to identify fungi and bacteria. Growth requirements are determine. A portable scanner has digitized albumen photographs. USB Digital Microscope strongly enlarge 300× has been used to identify cracks, crevices, dirt, and other damages on the album and photographs. A stereo microscope 500× shows the structure of albumin photo prints.
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Altun, Serap Kılıç. "Variation in element contents among free-range turkey egg yolks and albumens analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 60, no. 03 (September 1, 2023): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.51.
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Poultry eggs are not only a source of nutrients for embryonic development, but also one of the main sources of food for humans. The demand for turkey eggs is increasing day by day due to their functional properties such as supporting muscle and cell formation and being beneficial to the immune and digestive systems. In addition, it contains essential elements such as iron at a reasonable level, which is among the reasons for the consumer's preference. The data on the element content of free-range turkey eggs, which is such an ancient food, is very scarce. This study focused on determining various element content of freerange turkey egg yolk and albumen by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Within the scope of the research, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), boron (B), aluminum (Al), and lead (Pb) levels were determined in turkey egg yolk (n=52) and albumen (n=52) samples. Phosphorus was the most concentrated element in both egg yolk and albumen. Element contents in yolks were higher than those in albumen, except Na, K, B, Al, and Pb. The element with the lowest concentration was Al in turkey egg yolks, while Mg was the lowest analyzed element in albumens. This study separately exhibited the element content of turkey egg consumers in their preference for egg yolk or albumen
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Obianwuna, Uchechukwu Edna, Vivian U. Oleforuh-Okoleh, Jing Wang, Hai-Jun Zhang, Guang-Hai Qi, Kai Qiu, and Shu-Geng Wu. "Potential Implications of Natural Antioxidants of Plant Origin on Oxidative Stability of Chicken Albumen during Storage: A Review." Antioxidants 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040630.
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Enhanced albumen quality is reflected in increased thick albumen height, albumen weight, and Haugh unit value, while the antimicrobial, antioxidant, foaming, gelling, viscosity, and elasticity attributes are retained. Improved albumen quality is of benefit to consumers and to the food and health industries. Egg quality often declines during storage because eggs are highly perishable products and are most often not consumed immediately after oviposition. This review provides insights into albumen quality in terms of changes in albumen structure during storage, the influence of storage time and temperature, and the mitigation effects of natural dietary antioxidants of plant origin. During storage, albumen undergoes various physiochemical changes: loss of moisture and gaseous products through the shell pores and breakdown of carbonic acid, which induces albumen pH increases. High albumen pH acts as a catalyst for structural changes in albumen, including degradation of the β-ovomucin subunit and O-glycosidic bonds, collapse of the ovomucin-lysozyme complex, and decline in albumen protein–protein interactions. These culminate in declined albumen quality, characterized by the loss of albumen proteins, such as ovomucin, destabilized foaming and gelling capacity, decreased antimicrobial activity, albumen liquefaction, and reduced viscosity and elasticity. These changes and rates of albumen decline are more conspicuous at ambient temperature compared to low temperatures. Thus, albumen of poor quality due to the loss of functional and biological properties cannot be harnessed as a functional food, as an ingredient in food processing industries, and for its active compounds for drug creation in the health industry. The use of refrigerators, coatings, and thermal and non-thermal treatments to preserve albumen quality during storage are limited by huge financial costs, the skilled operations required, environmental pollution, and residue and toxicity effects. Nutritional interventions, including supplementation with natural antioxidants of plant origin in the diets of laying hens, have a promising potential as natural shelf-life extenders. Since they are safe, without residue effects, the bioactive compounds could be transferred to the egg. Natural antioxidants of plant origin have been found to increase albumen radical scavenging activity, increase the total antioxidant capacity of albumen, reduce the protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of albumen, and prevent oxidative damage to the magnum, thereby eliminating the transfer of toxins to the egg. These products are targeted towards attenuating oxidative species and inhibiting or slowing down the rates of lipid and protein peroxidation, thereby enhancing egg quality and extending the shelf life of albumen.
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Larastiti, Sekar Arum, Dedi Rahmat, and Dani Garnida. "Pengaruh Lebar Albumen, Tinggi Albumen, dan Indeks Albumen Terhadap Haugh Unit Telur Itik Lokal (Anas Sp.)." Jurnal Produksi Ternak Terapan (JPTT) 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jptt.v3i1.37888.
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KANG, H., C. LOUI, R. I. CLAVIJO, L. W. RILEY, and S. LU. "Survival characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in chicken egg albumen." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 5 (February 28, 2006): 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806006054.
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Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is a major foodborne pathogen primarily causing human infection through contaminated chicken eggs. To understand how SE survives in chicken egg albumen, we systematically and quantitatively analysed the survival properties of SE in egg albumen and identified factors affecting its survival. Survival assays of SE in egg indicate that egg albumen restricted the growth of SE. A major factor that controlled SE's growth in egg albumen was iron restriction, since egg albumen supplemented with iron allowed SE to grow, and iron acquisition mutants of SE showed decreased survival in egg albumen. In addition, low pH of albumen, high concentrations of bacteria and low incubation temperatures of bacteria with albumen facilitates the survival of SE. Our results suggest that egg albumen uses multiple mechanisms to control SE including iron limitation, surface interaction and possible enzymatic activities.
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Ondrušíková, Sylvie, Šárka Nedomová, Alžbeta Jarošová, and Vojtěch Kumbár. "Qualitative parameters of protein gels from albumen base." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1049.
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The aim of this research was to monitor strength of egg albumen gels depending on addition additives - salt, sugar, corn syrup, citric acid, citric acid in combination with sugar, whey protein and apple fiber. The egg albumen gel was prepared under two temperature limits at 70 and 90 °C. The highest strengths of egg albumen gel were achieved at 90 °C in the albumen gel with the addition of 1% citric acid and 3.5% sugar with a strength of 7.38 N, with the lowest strength of 1.61 N being achieved with the albumen gel with 0.1% salt. For an egg albumen gel prepared at 70 °C, the strength ranged from 1.34 N (0.1% salt) to 6.63 N (1% citric acid + 3.5% sugar). On average, the pH of egg albumen gels ranged from 4.67 (1% citric acid + 3.5% sugar) to 9.05 (0.1% salt). For the strength of egg albumen gel and pH with additives of various additives at a given concentration, a statistically significant difference was found.
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CLARK, A. GAVIN, and DONNA H. BUESCHKENS. "Survival and Growth of Campylobacter jejuni in Egg Yolk and Albumen." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.2.135.
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Campylobacter jejuni will grow in egg yolk and in yolk-albumen melanges reaching populations in excess of 108 CFU/ml. Albumen alone is highly toxic, with D10 values of 2.4 h in vitro at 42°C. Exposure to albumen in vitro is not reversed by later exposure to yolk; rather a substrate accelerated death effect is seen in the presence of added yolk. C. jejuni was generally more sensitive to gelatinous albumen than to less viscous albumen, although both forms of albumen inhibited motility after 6 h of incubation at 42°C. Sensitivity to albumen was only partially due to the individual effects of pH or lysozyme. The major factor in the sensitivity of C. jejuni to egg white was the conalbumen as demonstrated by in vitro culture.
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Penkov, D., M. Nikolova, and A. Peltekov. "STUDY ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN DISTRIBUTION FOR EGG MASS PRODUCTION IN GUINEA FOWLS LAYERS USING THE SYSTEM ‘CLARCS OF DISTRIBUTION/TRANSFORMATION’." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, Suppl.1 (2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.006.
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Aim: To introduce and calculate the energy and crude protein distribution from fodder to the edible part of the egg mass. New indexes “Clarc of energy distribution (CED)” and “Clarc of protein transformation (CPT)” were introduced. Methods: The “Clarc’s” were calculated by using the following formula: CED = Total energy content in the yolk, albumen, mélange/Total metabolizable energy intake for 1 kg yolk, albumen, mélange; CPT = Total (crude) protein content in yolk, albumen, mélange/Total (crude) protein intake for 1 kg yolk, albumen, mélange. Results: CDE to the yolk, albumen, mélange – 0.1492, 0.0399 and 0.1891 respectively; CPT to the yolk, albumen, mélange – 0.1041, 0.113, 0.2771 respectively.
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Putri, Mayla Sari, Dian Septinova, Khaira Nova, and RR Riyanti. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LARUTAN DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) TERDAHAP KUALITAS ALBUMEN TELUR ASIN RENDAH SODIUM." Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) 6, no. 3 (August 8, 2022): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrip.2022.6.3.277-285.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan larutan daun kersen dan konsentrasi larutan daun kersen yang berpengaruh terbaik terhadap nilai haugh unit (HU), indeks albumen, dan pH albumen telur asin rendah sodium. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Februari 2022 di Laboratorium Produksi Ternak, Jurusan Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan (penambahan 0%, 10%, 20%, dan 30% larutan daun kersen) dan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari 3 butir telur ayam ras, sehingga jumlah telur yang digunakan yaitu 60 butir. Peubah yang diamati meliputi haugh unit (HU), indeks albumen, dan pH albumen. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penambahan larutan daun kersen konsentrasi 0%, 10%, 20%, dan 30% tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai haugh unit (HU), indeks albumen, dan pH albumen. Perlakuan penambahan larutan daun kersen sampai konsentrasi 30% masih memberikan hasil kualitas haugh unit (HU), indeks albumen, dan pH albumen telur asin rendah sodium yang relatif sama.
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Biyatomoko, Danang, Lilis Hartati, Febriyanti Febriyanti, and Gamaliel Simanungkalit. "Relationship models between egg weight and internal quality of Alabio duck eggs (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo)." Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan 7, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v7i1.2488.
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This research aimed to determine the relationship models and phenotypic correlation between the egg weight of Alabio duck (Anas Platyrhynchos Borneo) and the Haugh unit (HU), albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen index, and yolk index. Five hundred eggs weighing 65.7 ± 4.62 g were collected from a flock of 32-week-old commercial laying hens as objects for this experiment. The observed variables were egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen index, and yolk index. The data was analyzed using simple linear regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). A significant correlation (P < 0.05) was found between egg weight and HU, albumen weight, yolk weight, and yolk index., with an r of -0.11, 0.83, 0.70, and 0.19, respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between egg weight and albumen index (P > 0.05). These results indicated that egg weight could be used as a variable to appropriately predict albumen weight and yolk weight with the equations y = -0.11 + 0.56x and y = -2.10 + 0.37x for albumen and yolk weight, respectively. However, egg weight as a single variable could not accurately predict the HU and yolk index of the Alabio duck egg.
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Qu, Liang, Manman Shen, Jun Guo, Xingguo Wang, Taocun Dou, Yuping Hu, Yongfeng Li, Meng Ma, Kehua Wang, and Honglin Liu. "Identification of potential genomic regions and candidate genes for egg albumen quality by a genome-wide association study." Archives Animal Breeding 62, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-113-2019.
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Abstract. Albumen quality is a leading economic trait in the chicken industry. Major studies have paid attention to genetic architecture underlying albumen quality. However, the putative quantitative trait locus (QTL) for this trait is still unclear. In this genome-wide association study, we used an F2 resource population to study longitudinal albumen quality. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were found to be significantly (p<8.43×10-7) related to albumen quality by univariate analysis, while 11 SNPs were significantly (p<8.43×10-7) associated with albumen quality by multivariate analysis. A QTL on GGA4 had a pervasive function on albumen quality, including a SNP at the missense of NCAPG, and a SNP at the intergenic region of FGFPB1. It was further found that the putative QTLs at GGA1, GGA2, and GGA7 had the strongest effects on albumen height (AH) at 32 weeks, Haugh units (HU) at 44 weeks, and AH at 55 weeks. Moreover, novel SNPs on GGA5 and GGA3 were associated with AH and HU at 32, 44, and 48 weeks of age. These results confirmed the regions for egg weight that were detected in a previous study and were similar with QTL for albumen quality. These results showed that GGA4 had the strongest effect on albumen quality. Only a few significant loci were detected for most characteristics probably reflecting the attributes of a pleiotropic gene and a minor-polygene in quantitative traits.
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Smith, Samuel J., Dwight Geha, and Theodore A. Alston. "Egg Allergy and Blood Products: You Say Albumen, I Say Albumin…" Anesthesiology 98, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 1304–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200305000-00062.
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Neswita, Elfia, Elfi Sahlan Ben, and Rahmi Nofita. "Mikroenkapsulasi Atenolol Dengan Penyalut Albumin Menggunakan Metode Penguapan Pelarut." Jurnal Katalisator 3, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jk.v3i1.3234.
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<p>Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang mikroenkapsulasi atenolol dengan penyalut albumin menggunakan metode penguapan pelarut dan perbandingan atenolol dengan penyalut albumin yang digunakan adalah 1:1, 1:2 dan 1:3 berturut-turut untuk Formula I, Formula II dan Formula III. Mikrokapsul yang dihasilkan dievaluasi berdasarkan bentuk mikroskopis, distribusi ukuran partikel, penetapan kadar atenolol dalam mikrokapsul dan uji disolusi. Hasil foto mikroskopis menunjukkan mikrokapsul yang dihasilkan berbentuk sferis. Mikrokapsul mempunyai distribusi ukuran partikel 212-2000µm. Data penetapan kadar zat aktif dari masing-masing formula digunakan spektrofotometer UV dengan pelarut metanol dan diperoleh kadar zat aktif 56,963 ± 17,589; 60,410 ± 1,005; 60,173 ± 1,016 % berturut-turut dalam formula I, Formula II, Formula III. Hasil disolusi menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi albumin pelepasan zat aktif dari mikrokapsul akan semakin diperlambat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikrokapsul dengan perbandingan antara atenolol dengan albumin 1:1 memiliki pelepasan zat aktif yang paling baik. Kinetika pelepasan bahan aktif dari mikrokapsul mengikuti persamaan Korsmeyer Peppas dan Higuchi</p><p><em>The study about microencapsulation of atenolol with albumen as coating agent and by using solvent evaporation method had be done. The ratio atenolol and albumen were 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 for Formula I, Formula II and Formula III respectively. The microencapsulation produced was evaluated by measuring microscopic, form particle size distribution, active compound released. The result of photo microscopic showed that microcapsules had spherical form. Microcapsules had particle size distribution between 212-2000 µm. The Spectrophotometer UV in methanol was used to measured the activate compound concentration of microcapsules and was got 56,963 ± 17,589; 60,41 ± 1,0045; 60 and 173 ± 1,0160 % for formula I, Formula II and Formula III. The result of this study showed that microcapsules with comparison between atenolol and albumen 1:1 had better release of active compound. Kinetic of atenolol released from microcapsule followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi.</em></p>
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Yahaya, H. K., A. K. Olutunmogun, Y. B. Mohammad, M. M. Shettima, and M. Kabir. "Evaluation of egg quality characteristics of two strains of local turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Zaria, Kaduna State." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2891.
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The study was conducted to investigate the external and internal egg quality characteristics of two local strains of turkey during their early reproductive age. A total of 96 freshly laid eggs were sampled from two local turkey strains having black and white plumages. The turkeys were 33weeks of age with two months into lay. Data were collected weekly for three weeks on egg weight, egg length, egg diameter, shell thickness, shell weight, shell index, albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen: yolk ratio, albumen length, yolk length, albumen diameter, yolk diameter, albumen height, yolk height, yolk index and Haugh unit and analyzed using the statistical package of SAS. The results revealed that highly significant (p<0.01) differences in the external traits occurred in egg weight, egg length and shell weight with the white turkey strain been superior. Also, the internal traits recorded highly significant (p<0.01) differences in albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen: yolk ratio, albumen length, yolk length and yolk diameter with the white strain performing better than the black strain. Highly significant correlations (p>0.01) exits in most of the correlated traits with the except for Haugh unit that had no significantly (p<0.01) correlations. Thus, since significant variations exits between the two strains, selection activities are recommended to improve these economic traits in egg weight using it has an index in selection and in possible prediction of the quality of poults to be hatched. Also, economically, it may be used to know the consumers' preference on the quality of turkey eggs consumed. L'étude a été menée pour étudier les caractéristiques de qualité externe et interne des œufs de deux souches locales de dinde au début de leur âge de reproduction. Un total de 96 œufs fraîchement pondus ont été échantillonnés à partir de deux souches de dinde locales présentant des plumages noirs et blancs. Les dindes étaient âgées de 33 semaines avec deux mois de ponte. Des données ont été collectées chaque semaine pendant trois semaines sur le poids de l'œuf, la longueur de l'œuf, le diamètre de l'œuf, l'épaisseur de la coquille, le poids de la coquille, l'indice de la coquille, le poids de l'albumine, le poids du jaune, le rapport albumine: jaune, la longueur de l'albumen, la longueur du jaune, le diamètre de l'albumen, le diamètre du jaune, l'albumine hauteur, hauteur du jaune, indice de jaune et unité Haugh et analysés à l'aide du progiciel statistique de 'SAS'. Les résultats ont révélé que des différences très significatives (p = 0,01) dans les caractères externes se produisaient dans le poids des œufs, la longueur des œufs et le poids de la coquille avec la souche de dinde blanche supérieure. En outre, les traits internes ont enregistré des différences très significatives (p = 0,01) dans le poids de l'albumine, le poids du jaune, le rapport albumine : jaune, la longueur de l'albumine, la longueur du jaune et le diamètre du jaune, la souche blanche fonctionnant mieux que la souche noire. Des corrélations hautement significatives (p?0,01) existent dans la plupart des traits corrélés avec l'unité à l'exception de Haugh qui n'avait pas de corrélations significatives (p?0,01). Ainsi, étant donné que des variations importantes existent entre les deux souches, des activités de sélection sont recommandées pour améliorer ces caractères économiques en poids de l'œuf en utilisant un indice de sélection et de prédiction éventuelle de la qualité des dindonneaux à éclore. Aussi, économiquement, il peut être utilisé pour connaître la préférence des consommateurs sur la qualité des œufs de dinde consommés.
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Everaert, Nadia, Sonia Métayer-Coustard, Hilke Willemsen, Haitang Han, Zhigang Song, Zarbakht Ansari, Eddy Decuypere, Johan Buyse, and Sophie Tesseraud. "The effect of albumen removal before incubation (embryonic protein under-nutrition) on the post-hatch performance, regulators of protein translation activation and proteolysis in neonatal broilers." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 2 (December 14, 2012): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451200503x.
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Albumen was removed from broiler eggs before the start of incubation to induce prenatal protein under-nutrition in chicken embryos. With this method, the direct effect of protein deficiency was investigated, differing from mammalian models manipulating the maternal diet where indirect, hormonal effects can interfere. Based on the estimated albumen/egg weight ratio, 10 % of albumen was removed with an 18G needle, after making a hole at the sharp end of the egg with another 18G needle. Eggs were taped thereafter. The sham group underwent the same procedure, except that no albumen was removed. Control eggs did not receive any treatment. The removal of albumen decreased both embryonic and post-hatch body weight up to day 7 compared with the control group. On embryonic day 18, embryos from the albumen-deprived group had higher plasma uric acid levels compared with the sham (P= 0·016) and control (P= 0·009) groups. Moreover, a lower plasma amino acid concentration was observed at hatch compared with the sham (P= 0·038) and control (P= 0·152) groups. These findings indicate an altered protein metabolism. At hatch, a higher mRNA expression of muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1), a gene related to proteolysis, was observed in albumen-deprived chicks compared with the control and sham chicks, together with an up-regulated expression of atrogin-1 (another atrogene) at this time point in the male protein-deficient chicks. These findings suggest that muscle proteolysis is transiently increased by the removal of albumen before the start of incubation. No evidence was found for altered protein synthesis capacity and translational efficiency in albumen-deprived chicks.
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Brito, Diogo Ramon do Nascimento, Ana Lúcia Fernandes Pereira, Antônia Silmara de Brito Mota, Ednardo Rodrigues Freitas, and Virgínia Kelly Gonçalves Abreu. "Eggs quality sold at different establishments in the Imperatriz city, Maranhão State, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2020): e749997848. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7848.
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This study aimed to evaluate the egg quality sold in several establishments in Imperatriz city Maranhão. It was used white shell eggs from commercial hen laying obtained according to the following treatments: open street markets, grocery stores, and supermarkets. For each treatment were obtained at three different local sales of eggs, which were chosen to cover different areas of the city. The variables studied were: egg weight, Haugh Units, yolk color, yolk, albumen and shell percentages, and yolk and albumen pH. The establishments type of egg sale did not influence the Haugh units, yolk color, and yolk pH. However, there was an influence on the egg weight, yolk, albumen, and shell percentage, as well as on albumen pH. Thus, eggs sold in open street markets had a higher weight (60.48 g) and the lowest shell percentage (9.23%). The eggs sold in supermarkets had a lower yolk percentage and higher albumen percentage when compared to egg grocery stores, and both had similar albumen percentage to the eggs sold in open street markets. For albumen pH, the eggs sold in supermarkets had the lowest value (9.18). In general, the eggs sold in open street markets, grocery stores, and supermarkets of the Imperatriz city had inferior quality due to low values of Haugh units obtained. However, taking into account the lowest albumen pH obtained for eggs of supermarkets, this establishment had better egg quality when compared to eggs sold in open street markets and grocery stores.
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Lewko, Lidia, and Ewa Gornowicz. "Quality of chicken eggs in relation to their weight category." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 12, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5405.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate selected quality traits of chicken eggs in relation to their weight (weight categories). The experimental material comprised eggs from 250 laying hens (♂ New Hampshire x ♀ Barred Rock). The birds were kept in a poultry house on litter in identical hygienic conditions and fed ad libitum the same compound feed, of appropriate nutritional value, during the rearing and egg production period. At 36 weeks of age 160 eggs were taken at random from the hens and divided into four weight categories: below 57.0 g (group A); 57.1 to 60.0 g (group B); 60.1 to 63.0 g (group C) and above 63.0 g (group D). The quality of the albumen, yolk and shell was evaluated and the concentration and hydrolytic activity of lysozyme was determined in individual albumen fractions. Eggs from group D had the highest share of albumen (60.92%) and the smallest share of shell (10.56%). Furthermore, the albumen of these eggs had the greatest weight (40.19 g) and height (6.61 mm), and the yolks had the highest weight (18.13 g) and darkest colour (13.65 pts). The eggs assigned to group B had greater shell thickness (352.46 μm) and strength (38.2 N). Detailed analysis of lysozyme activity showed that the albumen of the group A eggs had the highest lysozyme concentration and hydrolytic activity in both albumen fractions analysed (0.61%; 131,105 U/ml – thin albumen and 0.38%;80,705 U/ml – thick albumen). The study showed that the heaviest eggs had the most favourable traits for the consumer. They were distinguished by good albumen quality (the greatest weight and height) and yolk quality (the greatest weight and darkest colour). Moreover, their shells were fairly thick (352.37 μm) and the least susceptible to deformation (70.90 μm). On the other hand, the albumen of the eggs in the lowest weight category had the highest concentration and hydrolytic activity of lysozyme.
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CHEN, JINRU, HILARY SHALLO THESMAR, and WILLIAM L. KERR. "Outgrowth of Salmonellae and the Physical Property of Albumen and Vitelline Membrane as Influenced by Egg Storage Conditions." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.12.2553.
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This study was undertaken to determine the influence of storage time and temperature on the volume, weight, and pH of egg albumen, the physical strength of vitelline membrane, and the fate of Salmonella Enteritidis artificially inoculated into egg albumen. A fiber-optic probe was used for inoculation with Salmonella Enteritidis at 102, 104, or 106 cells per egg. Both fresh and inoculated eggs were stored at 4, 10, and 22°C for 6 weeks. Five fresh uninoculated eggs from each storage group were collected each week, and the weight, volume, and pH of the egg albumen were measured. The forces, energies, and degrees of membrane deformation required to rupture the vitelline membranes also were determined from either albumen-free yolks or yolks surrounded by albumen. In separate experiments, five inoculated eggs were evaluated each week for populations of Salmonella Enteritidis. When the eggs were stored at 4°C, the albumen retained significantly more volume and weight and had a relatively lower pH. The vitelline membranes from eggs stored at 4 and 10°C required more force and energy for rupture. Salmonellae flourished at 22°C, even in the albumen with the lowest initial population, 102 cells per egg. Storage at 4 and 10°C inhibited the growth of salmonellae in the albumen of eggs with initial populations of 102, 104, or 106 cells per egg. In eggs with initial Salmonella populations of 106 cells per egg that were stored at 22°C, the populations of reached as high as 1010 cells per egg after 4 weeks of storage. Storage at 4 and perhaps 10°C postponed the aging process of chicken eggs, preserved the antimicrobial agents of the albumen, and maintained the integrity of vitelline membrane. Low-temperature storage therefore had a significant impact on the safety and overall quality of the eggs.
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Alkan, Sezai, Taki Karslı, İsmail Durmuş, and Kemal Karabağ. "Beç Tavuklarında (Numida meleagris) Yumurta Şekil İndeksinin Yumurta Kalitesine Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 9 (September 15, 2016): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i9.758-762.737.
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The aim of this study was to investigated the effects of the egg shape index on egg quality characteristics in Guinea fowl. For this, the eggs were classified in terms of egg shape index, as ≤ 75, < 76 -77 > and ≥ 78. A total of 100 Guinea fowl eggs were evaluated to determine the egg quality traits ( egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell surface area, eggshell weight per unit surface area, eggshell ratio, albumen index, albumen ratio, yolk index, yolk ratio, yolk/albumen ratio, haugh unit and egg volume). In this study, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight per unit surface area, eggshell ratio, albumen index, albumen ratio, yolk index, yolk ratio, yolk/albumen ratio and haugh unit were not significantly affected by egg shape index groups. Whereas egg weight, eggshell surface area and egg volume were significantly affected by egg shape index groups. At the same time, there were found significant relationship between the egg shape index and egg quality traits. Egg shape index was found to be an important factor affecting the egg quality characteristics.
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Djokić, Nemanja, Nikola Čobanović, Nedjeljko Karabasil, Nevena Grković, Ivan Vićić, and Branko Suvajdžić. "Quality of table eggs in relation to shell colour." Veterinarska stanica 54, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.54.2.5.
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The present study evaluated the quality of table eggs in relation to shell colour. The study was conducted on 60 table eggs with shells coloured white, green, blue and brown (15 eggs per colour) obtained from laying hens from the same backyard farm. The following external quality traits of table eggs were measured: egg weight, percentage of dirty and cracked eggs, egg width and length, egg shape index, eggshell colour, eggshell weight and percentage, and eggshell thickness. The following internal quality indicators of table eggs were determined: albumen weight and percentage, albumen pH value, albumen width, length and height, Haugh index, albumen index, yolk weight and percentage, yolk pH value, yolk width and height, yolk index and yolk colour. Green eggs had the lowest weight, as well as the lowest width and length. White eggs had the highest eggshell dirtiness scores and egg shape index, while brown eggs had the highest eggshell thickness and weight. Green and brown eggs had the highest albumen index and Haugh index. In addition, green eggs had the lowest yolk width and the highest yolk index. White eggs had the highest albumen and yolk width, the greatest albumen length and the lowest albumen height. Yolks of white and blue eggs had a higher sensory colour score, as well as lower L* and b* values compared to the yolks of green and brown eggs. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that green and brown table eggs are of better overall quality compared to white and blue table eggs.
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Willems, Els, Astrid Koppenol, Bart De Ketelaere, Yufeng Wang, Lies Franssens, Johan Buyse, Eddy Decuypere, and Nadia Everaert. "Effects of nutritional programing on growth and metabolism caused by albumen removal in an avian model." Journal of Endocrinology 225, no. 2 (May 2015): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-14-0525.
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In mammalian models of prenatal undernutrition the maternal diet is manipulated, exerting both nutritional and hormonal effects on the offspring. In contrast, in the chicken, strictly nutritional effects can be applied. Prenatal protein undernutrition in chickens was induced by partial replacement of albumen with saline during early embryonic development (albumen-deprived group) and results were compared with a sham-manipulated and a non-manipulated group. Body weight of the albumen-deprived hens was reduced throughout the entire experimental period (0–55 weeks). The reproductive capacity was diminished in the albumen-deprived hens as reflected in the reduced number of eggs and lower egg weight. The plasma triiodothyronine levels were increased in the albumen-deprived group compared with the non-manipulated hens, but not the sham-manipulated hens. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 10 weeks of age revealed a decreased glucose tolerance in the albumen-deprived hens. During adulthood, an age-related loss of glucose tolerance was observed in the hens, leading to disappearance of treatment differences in the OGTT. The offspring of the albumen-deprived hens (PA chicks) had reduced body weight until at least 3 weeks of age. In addition, the PA chicks had a decreased relative residual yolk weight at hatching. An insulin tolerance test revealed increased sensitivity to insulin for the PA chicks compared with the offspring of the non-manipulated (PN) and sham-manipulated hens (PS). In conclusion, prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal caused long-term effects on body weight, reproductive performance, and physiology.
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Nahariah, N., H. Hikmah, and F. N. Yuliati. "Antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics in egg albumen fermented by lactid acid bacteria." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 45, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.45.3.214-221.
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Research on fermentation time and the addition of milk powder to egg albumen is still limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and chemical characteristics of fermented egg albumen using different levels of full cream milk powder and different microbial fermentation times. This study used a completely randomized factorial pattern design, 4 x 5 treatments with 4 replications. Research materials include egg albumen, full cream milk powder and mixed Lactic Acid Bacteria (L. bulgaricus, L.achidopillus, and Streptococcus thermopillus). The research treatments were the addition of powdered milk in different level (%) including, 0, 2, 4 and 6. Fermentation times were 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, respectively. The results showed that the addition of powdered milk in different level and fermentation time had no significant effect on the antioxidant activity. The addition of different-level powdered milk was not significant on the glucose content and total protein, but it was very significant (P<0.01) on water content. The fermentation time had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on glucose levels and total protein, but it had no significant effect on the water content of albumen fermentation. Antioxidant activity did not change during the fermentation time and the addition of different-level milk powder. The 24 h fermentation time could reduce the total protein and glucose levels of egg albumen. Adding 2% milk powder could reduce the water content of egg albumen fermentation.
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Mozin, S., U. Hatta, S. Sarjuni, and A. Adjis. "The effect of lutein on egg component." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1253, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1253/1/012047.
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Abstract In this study, the composition of chicken eggs from diets with various lutein levels was examined. This study involved a total of 120 laying hens. Treatments included lutein-free rations and lutein concentrations of 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm. Each treatment was applied a total of eight times. Chickens are kept in cages with access to feeding and drinking areas. The analysis of the research data was conducted utilizing a completely random design. The parameters that were measured were the egg’s weight, its yolk, and its albumen. The components of eggs fed various dietary levels of lutein from marigold extract had not been significant (P>0.05) on all egg components stored for one day. However, the treatment had a significant impact (P<0.05) on the albumen index stored for 14 days, and the yolk to albumen ratio and albumen index for eggs stored for 21 days. This study concludes that for optimum albumen weight and index and the ratio of yolk and albumen stored for 14 and 21 days, a dose of 20 and 40 ppm in the diets is sufficient.
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Engel, Elisabeth, L. Asin, J. A. Delgado, C. Aparicio, Josep A. Planell, and M. P. Ginebra. "Cell Behaviour of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Modified with a Protein-Based Foaming Agent." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.117.
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Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are being applied as bone regeneration materials. New methods are being developed to create macroporosity, in order enhance the angiogenesis, bone colonization and biodegradation of the material. In this study the effect of the incorporation of albumen as foaming agent in an a-tricalcium phosphate (a-TCP) cement, in terms of the surface roughness and in vitro cell response, was studied. The addition of albumen to CPC cements increased the surface roughness of the cements. Cell cultures, using MG63 osteoblasts, were performed and showed that cell attachment was not affected by the presence of albumen. However, cell proliferation was significantly increased in the albumen-containing cements.
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Vekić, Marinko, Đorđe Savić, and Stoja Jotanović. "Phenotypic Correlations Between Egg Quality Traits Amid the Laying Phase of Broiler Breeder Hens." Contemporary Agriculture 71, no. 1-2 (May 31, 2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2022-0003.
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Summary In order to determine phenotypic correlations between the quality traits of eggs from 41-week-old broiler breeder hens (Cobb 500), a total of 105 eggs suitable for incubation were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The average values of egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index, shell thickness, shell weight, and shell ratio were 66.90 g, 60.00 mm, 44.81 mm, 74.70%, 0.37 mm, 6.07 g, and 9.07%, respectively. Moreover, the average values of yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk ratio, albumen ratio, Haugh units, yolk index, and yolk-to-albumen ratio were 20.04 g, 40.80 g, 29.97%, 60.95%, 82.12, 46.17%, and 0.49, respectively. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the egg weight and the egg length (0.75), egg width (0.80), shell (0.55), yolk (0.60), albumen weight (0.91), and albumen ratio (0.25). However, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the egg weight and both the yolk ratio (-0.20) and yolk-to-albumen ratio (-0.23). The egg shape index proved not to be significantly correlated with any of the internal egg quality traits considered. The shell thickness was in a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) with the shell weight (0.83) and ratio (0.86), whereas a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the shell thickness and yolk ratio (-0.23). The Haugh units were in a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the albumen ratio (0.24) and yolk index (0.27), whereas a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) was found between the Haugh units and both the yolk ratio (-0.22) and yolk-to-albumen ratio (-0.23). The results obtained confirm significant phenotypic correlations not only between egg weight and the egg quality traits considered, but also between a number of external and internal quality traits of broiler hatching eggs.
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Guerrini, Alessandro, Paola Roncada, Khaled Mefleh Al-Qudah, Gloria Isani, Fausto Pacicco, Mariantonietta Peloso, Luca Sardi, Doriana Eurosia Angela Tedesco, Gianluca Antonio Romeo, and Elisabetta Caprai. "Content of Toxic Elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead) in Eggs from an Ethically Managed Laying Hen Farm." Animals 14, no. 7 (April 8, 2024): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14071133.
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Domestic chicken farming has been promoted and spread in several Italian municipalities and worldwide as an aid to the self-consumption of domestically produced food. This study investigated the levels of four toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in eggs from an ethical laying hen farm, comparing the element concentrations with those possibly present in supermarket eggs. A total of 201 eggs, 141 from the farm and produced by different hen genotypes, and 60 from the supermarket, were collected. The levels of the toxic elements were evaluated in the yolk, albumen, and eggshells of all eggs. The results show that the supermarket eggs’ yolk and albumen were more contaminated with lead, compared to the rural eggs. Contrarily, the mean content of arsenic was higher in the albumen and eggshells of the rural eggs, compared to the supermarket eggs. The cadmium content was below the LOQ (0.005 mg/kg) in all samples. The mercury content was below or around the LOQ in all rural eggs. Overall, the supermarket egg albumens were significantly more contaminated than the rural ones. No significant differences were found in quality parameters for both types of eggs. The toxic element values that were detected were in line with other studies in the literature. However, despite the concentrations found not representing a risk to the consumers’ health, the results of this study raise a potential food safety issue, and it would be desirable to set specific MRLs for eggs for consumers’ protection.
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Wengerska, Karolina, Damian Spustek, Dominika Krakowiak, Kamil Drabik, and Justyna Batkowska. "Rearing system, utility type and hens’ age as a factor modifying lysozyme's hydrolytic activity." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 17, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4318.
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<b>The aim of study was to analyze the impact of the utility type, age and rearing system of hens on egg quality traits and the enzymatic activity of egg albumen lysozyme (LA). The material consisted of 120 eggs from two genotypes of hens: Hy-Line Brown and parent stock of Ross 308. Laying-type hens were reared divided into 2 systems: intensive (litter, balanced feed) and extensive (open runs, farm fodders). The second source of material was hens age (29, 33, 41, 53 and 70 wks) of the parent stock.. Stocks were differentiated in terms of the hens age (29, 33, 41, 53 and 70 wks). Eggs quality traits and LA were evaluated. The LA of was higher in eggs from laying than from broiler breeder hens. It decreased with the hens’ age and increased with albumen mass, it was also positively correlated with albumen height and Haugh's units. The rearing system considerably modified mass of egg and albumen and the dense albumen height, but does not affect the LA.
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HARA-KUDO, YUKIKO, YOSHIE SAKAKIBARA, HIROTAKA KONUMA, TAKUO SAWADA, and SUSUMU KUMAGAI. "Laying Season and Egg Shell Cracks on the Growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in the Egg Albumen during Storage." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.8.1134.
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We studied the effects of laying seasons and egg shell cracks on the ability of egg albumen to support the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in eggs. Hens eggs used were those laid in February, June, and October in a farm in Japan and stored at 10, 20, and 30°C, and at 30°C after storage at 10°C, immediately after receipt or after cracking the shell. At several-day intervals during storage, the egg contents were poured into a dish, SE was inoculated into albumen, and then the growth of SE during 3 days incubation at 18°C was measured. The results demonstrated that storage temperature and laying season affected the growth of SE in the egg albumen. The proportion of eggs upon which albumen allowed the growth of SE was higher in the eggs stored at 30°C than those stored at 10°C. The growth of SE in eggs was lowest in the following order of laying: February, October, and June. SE grew preferably in albumen of cracked eggs than intact eggs.
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Nishimura, Kenji, Daichi Ijiri, Saki Shimamoto, Masahiro Takaya, Akira Ohtsuka, and Tatsuhiko Goto. "Genetic effect on free amino acid contents of egg yolk and albumen using five different chicken genotypes under floor rearing system." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): e0258506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258506.
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Chicken eggs play an important role as food resources in the world. Although genetic effects on yolk and albumen contents have been reported, the number of chicken genotypes analyzed so far is still limited. To investigate the effect of genetic background on 10 egg traits, 19 yolk amino acid traits, and 19 albumen amino acid traits, we evaluated a total of 58 eggs from five genotypes: two Japanese indigenous breeds (Ukokkei and Nagoya) and three hybrids (Araucana cross, Kurohisui, and Boris Brown) under a floor rearing system. One-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of genotype on 10 egg traits, 8 yolk amino acids (Asp, Glu, Ser, Gly, Thr, Tyr, Cys, and Leu), and 11 albumen amino acids (Asp, Glu, Asn, Ser, Gln, His, Ala, Tyr, Trp, Phe, and Ile) contents. Moderate to strong positive phenotypic correlations among traits within each trait category (size and weight traits, yolk amino acid traits, and albumen amino acid traits), whereas there were basically no or weak correlations among the trait categories. However, a unique feature was found in the Araucana cross indicating moderate positive correlations of amino acids between yolk and albumen. These results suggest that genetic factors can modify not only the size and weight of the egg and eggshell color but also yolk and albumen free amino acids contents.
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Fresli, Jekson, Wismalinda Rita, and Nur Hidayah. "Evaluasi Kualitas Telur Itik Talang Benih dengan Jenis Daun dan Lama Penyimpanan yang Berbeda." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis 6, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jitro.v6i3.6382.
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ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui jenis daun dan lama penyimpanan terbaik pada kualitas telur itik talang benih konsumsi. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu jenis daun (daun sirsak dan jambu biji) dan faktor kedua yaitu lama penyimpanan (0, 15, dan 30 hari). Parameter yang diamati yaitu warna kuning telur, albumen indeks, yolk indeks, dan haugh unit. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan perbedaan antara perlakuan diuji lanjut dengan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahawa tidak ada interaksi antara jenis daun dan lama penyimpanan terhadap warna kuning telur, albumen indeks, yolk indeks, dan haugh unit. Daun sirsak lebih mampu mempertahankan warna kuning telur dibandingkan daun jambu biji (P<0,05), namun tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap albumen indeks, yolk indeks, dan haugh unit. Lama penyimpanan sangat berpengaruh nyata (P<0,01) terhadap warna kuning telur, albumen indeks, yolk indeks, dan haugh unit. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa daun sirsak memiliki kemampuan lebih baik dalam mempertahankan warna kuning telur itik talang benih. Penyimpanan telur sebaiknya dilakukan sampai batas 15 hari karena albumen indeks, yolk indeks, dan haugh unit memiliki mutu 2.Kata Kunci: daun, itik talang benih, kualitas telur, lama penyimpananABSTRACTThe amis of this study to determine the type of leaves and the best storage time for the quality of talang benih duck’s egg consumption. The research was design in factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is type of leaves (soursop and guava) and the second factor is storage time (0, 15 and 30 days). Variables observed were yolk color, albumen index, yolk index, and haugh unit. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and differences between treatments were tested by DMRT test. The results showed that there was no interaction between leaves type and storage time for yolk color, albumen index, yolk index, and haugh unit. Soursop leaves are more able to maintain the color of egg yolk than guava leaves (P <0.05), but not significantly different (P>0.05) to the albumen index, yolk index, and haugh unit. Storage time had strong significant effect (P<0.01) on egg yolk color, albumen index, yolk index, and haugh unit. It is concluded that soursop leaves have a better ability to maintain the color of duck egg yolk. Egg storage time should be carried out up to 15 days because albumen index, yolk index, and haugh unit had quality 2.Key words: egg quality, leaves, storage time, talang benuh duck
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Yang, Y., A. J. Welch, and H. G. Rylander. "Rate process parameters of albumen." Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 11, no. 2 (1991): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.1900110214.
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Souza, Mônica Filomena Assis, Wellington Santos, Jean Kaique Valentim, Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia, Maria Fernanda de Castro Burbarelli, Felipe Cardoso Serpa, Gisele Aparecida Félix, et al. "Influence of homeopathy on the quality of quail eggs stored for different periods of time." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 21, no. 1 (May 6, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v21i1.1183.
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Introduction: The purpose of this trial was to assess the influence of homeopathy products on the diet of quails based on egg quality when submitted to different storage periods. Methodology: Two hundred, 45 day old Japanese quails and 80% of production were used, in a completely randomized design comprised of a 4x3 factorial, and 4 diets (basal feed, inert vehicle and 2 homeopathic products: Fertsigo® (Sulphur 10 CH, Sepia 15CH ) and Ovosigo® (Belladonna 12CH,Silicea 12 CH, Natrum mur. 30CH, Calcarea phos. 30CH, Sulphur 12CH) and 3 storage periods (0 days, 7 days and 14 days) with ten repetitions of three eggs per treatment. The weight, percentages of yoke, albumen and shell, albumen height and yolk color, specific gravity, Haugh unit, yolk index and shell thickness were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis to verify whether there was a interaction effect between homeopathy factors and storage time, and when absent, the isolated effects. Results: An interaction between the homeopathic products and time was found for the parameters of albumen height and yolk, Haugh unit and yolk index, which reduced over time. For egg weight, yolk, albumen and shell, a significant effect (p<0.05) was found only in the case of homeopathy for the percentages of albumen and shell. For egg and albumen weights, yolk and albumen percentages, specific gravity and colorimetry there was an effect for time, however these parameters reduced over the storage time in days. The addition of the homeopathic based products Ovosigo® and FertSigo® are indicated for the diets of Japanese quail during the laying phase since it resulted in better weights for the egg and its components. Conclusion: The different homeopathic products did not have an influence on conserving the quality of the Japanese quail eggs during the periods evaluated.
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MURASE, TOSHIYUKI, KAZUHIKO FUJIMOTO, RUI NAKAYAMA, and KOICHI OTSUKI. "Multiplication and Motility of Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis, Infantis, and Montevideo in In Vitro Contamination Models of Eggs." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.5.1012.
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The invasive ability of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Infantis, and Montevideo in eggs was examined. Strains of these serovars originating from egg contents, laying chicken houses, and human patients were experimentally inoculated (0.1-ml dose containing 78 to 178 cells) onto the vitelline membrane of eggs collected from specific-pathogen-free chickens and incubated at 25°C. The test strains were detected in 25 of 138 yolk contents by day 6, indicating the penetration of Salmonella organisms through the vitelline membrane. There were no significant differences in overall rates of penetration between serovars. The organisms were also detected in the albumen from 125 of 138 eggs tested by day 6. Growth to more than 106 CFU/ml was observed in 48 of the 125 albumen samples. An inoculum of 1,000 Salmonella cells was added to 15 ml of albumen at the edge of a petri plate. A 10-mm-diameter cylindrical well, the bottom of which was sealed with a polycarbonate membrane with 3.0-μm pores, was filled with egg yolk and placed into the albumen at the center of the dish, which was maintained at 25°C. Experiments were performed in triplicate with each strain. Salmonella organisms in all the albumen samples were detected by day 11. However, motility of the organisms toward the yolk was observed in only two dishes inoculated with the Salmonella Enteritidis strain from a human patient and in one dish inoculated with the Salmonella Infantis strain from liquid egg. The albumen samples obtained from the dishes inoculated with the Salmonella Enteritidis strain had high numbers of bacteria (>108 CFU/ml). The present study suggests that Salmonella organisms in egg albumen are unlikely to actively move toward the yolk, although deposition on or near the vitelline membrane can be advantageous for proliferation.
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Lu, Sangwei, Patrick B. Killoran, and Lee W. Riley. "Association of Salmonella enterica SerovarEnteritidis YafD with Resistance to Chicken EggAlbumen." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 12 (December 2003): 6734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.12.6734-6741.2003.
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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a major cause of food-borne diseases in industrialized countries. The incidence of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis infections has increased substantially in recent decades, and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis is now one of the leading serovars of Salmonella in the United States. A unique epidemiological characteristic of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis is its association with chicken shell eggs, since approximately 80% of all human gastrointestinal diseases can be traced to contaminated egg products. Eggs are contaminated when bacteria from reproductive tissues of infected hens are packaged into the eggs and persist inside the hostile egg albumen environment. Therefore, resistance to egg albumen is an important aspect in the transmission of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis. We identified a gene, yafD from S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, whose overexpression conferred upon S. enterica serovar Typhimurium enhanced resistance to egg albumen, while disruption of this gene in S. enterica serovar Enteritidis rendered the organism more susceptible to egg albumen. YafD is homologous to members of an exonuclease-endonuclease-phosphatase family, including some enzymes involved in DNA repair. Furthermore, we discovered that egg albumen has nuclease activities and uses both circular and linear DNA as substrates. We propose that YafD provides a survival advantage to S. enterica serovar Enteritidis in eggs by repairing DNA damage caused by egg albumen and that it may be one of the biologic determinants that contribute to the epidemiological association of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis with egg products.
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Krawczyk, Józefa, Lidia Lewko, Zofia Sokołowicz, Anna Koseniuk, and Adam Kraus. "Effect of Hen Genotype and Laying Time on Egg Quality and Albumen Lysozyme Content and Activity." Animals 13, no. 10 (May 11, 2023): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13101611.
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According to research, egg quality and lysozyme content are influenced by a number of factors, which are mostly known in the case of commercial hybrids, while in breeds included in genetic resources conservation programmes, new research results in this regard are emerging. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of egg laying time and genotype of selected Polish native breeds of hens on egg quality and lysozyme content and activity in the albumen. The study material consisted of eggs collected from four strains of laying hens included in the Polish conservation programme, i.e., Green-legged Partridge (Z-11), Yellow-legged Partridge (Ż-33), Rhode Island Red (R-11) and Leghorn (H-22). At week 56, 28 eggs were randomly collected at 7:00 and 13:00 h from each breed of hen and assessed for quality. Laying time influenced certain egg quality traits. Eggs laid by hens in the morning were characterised by 1.7 g lower total weight and albumen weight, 2.4 pores/cm2 higher number of shell pores, 0.15 higher albumen pH values and 0.17 lower yolk pH values compared to those laid in the morning. The time of laying did not affect the level and activity of lysozyme in the albumen. A significant negative correlation was found between eggshell traits and albumen height, and between Haugh unit and lysozyme content and activity in the albumen. The studied egg quality traits were more influenced by genotype than by the egg-laying time.
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Anene, Doreen O., Yeasmin Akter, Peter C. Thomson, Peter Groves, and Cormac J. O’Shea. "Variation and Association of Hen Performance and Egg Quality Traits in Individual Early-Laying ISA Brown Hens." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2020): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091601.
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Uniformity in hen and egg traits is an important consideration in commercial layer flocks. There is little information on how individual hen feed consumption and body weight affect egg quality measurements. This study investigated the variation in performance traits of individual hens and associations with egg quality characteristics. Four hundred and fifty-five ISA Brown caged hens in early lay were monitored for 42 days (25 to 30 weeks of age) to collect hen feed consumption and egg production measurements. Forty-four hens from the flock were randomly selected and eggs were collected from the same hen once weekly for albumen, yolk, and shell assessment. The means ± standard deviation of average daily feed intake (ADFI), albumen height, initial body weight (IBW), and final body weight (FBW) were 124 g ± 15, 10.3 mm ± 1.5, 1802 g ± 129, and 2000 g ± 175, respectively. Albumen height was not associated with ADFI (r = 0.18, p = 0.21), IBW (r = −0.04, p = 0.79), or FBW (r = −0.06, p = 0.69). This study showed variation in feed intake, body weight, and albumen quality of individual early-lay hens. Feed intake and body weight did not influence albumen quality.
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Moraleco, Debora Duarte, Jean Kaique Valentim, Larissa Gonçalves Silva, Heder José D'Ávila Lima, Tatiana Marques Bitencourtt, and Gabriel Machado Dallago. "Egg quality of laying hens fed diets with plant extracts." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 41, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 43801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.43801.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of marigold flower extract and paprika on egg quality of Black Avifran laying hens in different periods of storage. A completely randomized design study with a 3x3 factorial scheme with three diets (control, paprika, and marigold flower extract) and three storage periods (0, 7, and 14 days) was carried out. The following metrics were evaluated: egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight; yolk color, albumen height, specific gravity, and Haugh unit as well as the yolk, shell, and albumen percentage relative to the total weight of the egg. There was no significant interaction between additives and storage time (p > 0.05) for most of the parameters evaluated. The only exception was observed for yolk color, in which the interaction effect between treatments was significant (p < 0.05). The effect of storage time was significant (p < 0.05) for albumen weight, albumen percentage, yolk color, albumen height, specific gravity, and Haugh unit, with reduction of these parameters over the evaluation period. The use of paprika and marigold flower extract in the diets of Black Avifran laying hens does not influence egg quality.
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Zhou, Guangdong, Zhijun Ren, Lidan Wang, Bai Sun, Shukai Duan, and Qunliang Song. "Artificial and wearable albumen protein memristor arrays with integrated memory logic gate functionality." Materials Horizons 6, no. 9 (2019): 1877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mh00468h.
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Ultra-flexible egg albumen protein paper with a permittivity of 15–21, which is an improvement of nearly 300% compared with native egg albumen, and the protein-based memristor arrays and photoelectric logic gates are developed.
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Delgado, J. A., I. Harr, Amisel Almirall, Sergio del Valle, Josep A. Planell, and M. P. Ginebra. "Injectability of a Macroporous Calcium Phosphate Cement." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.157.
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In this work an injectable and self setting calcium phosphate/albumen foam is developed. The effect of both the amount of albumen and the particle size of the starting a-tricalcium phosphate (a-TCP) powder on the injectability of the cement paste is studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared (IR) analysis of the samples reveal that the hydrolysis of a-TCP to calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) is not affected by the addition of albumen. A foamed structure formed by spherical pores with diameters between 100 and 500 µm is observed by SEM. This porous structure is maintained after injection of the paste, although some deformation of the pores is produced due to the extrusion process. The injectability of the cements is increased by the presence of albumen as compared with cements prepared in the same conditions but without foaming agent.
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Spada, Fernanda Papa, Érika Maria Roel Gutierrez, Miriam Coelho de Souza, Solange Guidolin Canniatti Brazaca, Dayane Elizabeth Aoqui Lemes, Flávia Salgado Fischer, Antonio Augusto Domingos Coelho, and Vicente José Maria Savino. "Viscosity of egg white from hens of different strains fed with commercial and natural additives." Food Science and Technology 32, no. 1 (February 16, 2012): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612012005000017.
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Yolk color and egg white (albumen) cleanliness and viscosity are important parameters by which consumers judge the quality of eggs. This study aimed to investigate changes in albumen viscosity during storage of eggs for up to 36 days from two different commercial laying hen strains (Carijo Barbada and Isa Brown) fed a diet containing annatto (1.5 and 2.0%) or a synthetic additive without synthetic colorants (control). Analyses of humidity, albumen height, pH, viscosity, foam formation, and stability were carried out on eggs. Carijo Barbada strain had smaller albumen, lower humidity and higher egg white viscosity than Isa Brown strain; however, with storage, viscosity lowered significantly on both strains. Initially, the addition of 2.0% of annatto or a synthetic additive increased viscosity in both strains, but with storage only the control maintained longer viscosity. Lower viscosity did not change foam density and stability.
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Carvalho, Clayton M. de, Albanise B. Marinho, Thales V. de A. Viana, Manoel Valnir Júnior, Leonaria L. Silva, and Raimundo R. Gomes Filho. "Production components of Jatropha under irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in the semiarid region of Ceará." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 19, no. 9 (September 2015): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n9p871-876.
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ABSTRACTJatropha curcas L. proves to be a promising species, considering its inclusion in the National Program of Biodiesel Production and Use. However, since it has not been genetically improved, agronomic information is still scarce in the literature, especially under conditions of water and nutritional stress. Thus, this field study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation depths (735; 963; 1,191; 1,418 and 1,646 mm) and nitrogen fertilization (0; 25; 50 and 75 kg ha-1) on the production of Jatropha plants. Plants under the highest irrigation depth showed the highest values of number of fruits and productivity of fruits, seeds and albumen. Plants under the irrigation depth of 1,191 mm showed the highest values of mean mass of albumen and the ratios between mass of albumen and mass of seeds and between mass of albumen and mass of fruits. Nitrogen fertilization did not influence the production components of Jatropha.
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Ademolu, K. O., B. E. Taiwo, O. A. Jayeola, and O. Ajayi. "Puesta de huevos y composición de la glándula del albumen de archachatina marginata durante las fases de crecimiento." Archivos de Zootecnia 62, no. 240 (June 26, 2012): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v62i240.632.
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Se analizó el modelo de puesta y la composición de las glándulas del albumen de Archachatina marginata en tres fases de crecimiento: cría, juvenil y adulto. La puesta fue mayor en la etapa juvenil (9,3) seguida de la adulta (4,7), no hubo puesta de huevos en las crías. Los huevos de la etapa adulta fueron más pesados (p<0,05) que los de la juvenil. Los adultos tuvieron las glándulas de albumen más grandes (7,30 cm) y las mayores actividades lipasa, proteinasa, a-glucosidasa, amilasa y cellulasa, seguidas en orden decreciente por juveniles y crías. En la fase juvenil hay mayor concentración de proteína, glucosa y lípidos en la glándula del albumen. Se registraron fuertes relaciones positivas entre número de huevos, y glucosa, proteína y lípidos de la glándula del albumen. Puede inferirse que en la etapa juvenil de A. marginata, son mayores el potencial y la capacidad reproductiva.
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Astuti, Diana Widi, Khaira Nova, Rudy Sutrisna, and Dian Septinova. "PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TELUR HERBAL AYAM RAS FASE PERTAMA DI REFRIGERATOR TERHADAP PENURUNAN BERAT TELUR, DIAMETER RONGGA UDARA, DAN INDEKS ALBUMEN." Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrip.2022.6.1.15-21.
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This study aimed to: (1) determine the effect of storage time of herbal eggs of chicken first phase in refrigerator temperature on egg weight loss, air cavity diameter, and albumen index, (2) determine the best storage time for herbal eggs of chicken first phase in refrigerator temperature (7,2oC) on egg weight loss, air cavity diameter, and albumen index. This research was conducted on October 7th – November 4th, 2020, at the Animal Production Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The material used were 60 eggs obtained from Sekuntum Herbal Farm with average weight of 56.67±3.21 g of first phase Lohmann strain chicken (30--40 weeks). The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments including storage time for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 4 replications. The variables observed were egg weight loss, air cavity diameter, and albumen index. The data obtained were analyzed based on Analysis of Variance at 5% significance level. The results that had a significant effect were further tested using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that the storage time gave a significant effect (P<0.05) on egg weight loss, air cavity diameter, and albumen index of first phase chicken eggs. The storage time of herbal eggs for 1 week at refrigerator temperature showed better quality based on egg weight loss which was still low (1.14%), air cavity diameter (1.983cm), and albumen index (0.073).
Key words: Herbal eggs, egg weight loss, air cavity, albumen index, refrigerator
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Salih, JH, AM Hassan, and SH Hussen. "A study of egg quality characteristics for two Asiatic (Coturnix japonica) and two European (Coturnix coturnix) quail lines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1252, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012139.
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Abstract The present study was carried out at the Dept. of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. A total of 64 female quails from four lines involved two European (White and Dark Ukrainian) and two Asiatic (White and Dark Local) aged 56 days old, were equally distributed into four trial groups containing 16 birds for each. The aim was to investigate both external and internal egg quality characteristics. The following traits were measured; weights, lengths (high) and diameters of egg, yolk, albumen and shell; and the indices of shape, yolk and albumen were computed; also, Haugh units and percentages of yolk, albumen and shell were calculated. The results revealed the significant (p<0.01) superiority of European quails on Asiatic ones in egg quality characteristics; also, the white Ukrainian line appeared a significant difference (p<0.01) compared to the rest lines for egg weight and yolk percentage; however, Haugh units resulted in almost the same values for both European lines which surpassed significantly (p<0.01) both Asiatic ones; the same trend was found for albumen index. Most correlation coefficients between egg quality characteristics were significant (p<0.01), and the highest coefficient was between Haugh units and albumen index (0.89); therefore, the regression analysis derived an effective equation between them for future prediction with a high coefficient of variation (R2= 0.8). In conclusion, Ukrainian-European quail surpassed in its egg quality Asiatic ones, and Haugh units as a major quality indicator can be predicted from the albumen index for quail’s eggs.
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Chang, Lingling, Rui Zhang, Shengyong Fu, Chunyu Mu, Qingping Tang, and Zhu Bu. "Effects of Different Dietary Calcium Levels on the Performance, Egg Quality, and Albumen Transparency of Laying Pigeons." Animals 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9030110.
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In order to confirm the dietary calcium (Ca) requirement to keep a balance of the production performance and the albumen transparency, the study examined the effects of different dietary Ca levels on the production performance, egg quality, and albumen transparency of laying pigeons. 1080 pigeon pairs were randomly allocated into six treatment groups, each consisting of six replicates of 30 pigeon pairs per treatment. Ca levels of 0.60, 0.90, 1.20, 1.80, 2.40, and 3.00% were fed. The results showed that the laying rate, average egg weight, and feed to egg ratio were significantly influenced by Ca levels (p < 0.05). Albumen percentage, albumen height, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness at 8 w and 16 w were significantly influenced by Ca levels (p < 0.05). The L*, a*, b*, and c* values of cooked albumen at 8 w and 16 w were all significantly influenced by Ca levels (p < 0.05). After 16 w of feeding different Ca levels, the percentage of transparent eggs had an early increasing and later decreasing trend. In conclusion, taking the transparency of pigeon eggs as an assessment index and considering production performance secondly, the optimal level of dietary Ca for laying White King pigeons is 0.90%.