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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Carr, Paul, Malcolm Southwood, and Jeff Chen. "Fluorapatite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Rocks & Minerals 97, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2022.1989948.

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2

Carr, P. F., B. Selleck, M. Stott, and P. Williamson. "NATIVE LEAD AT BROKEN HILL, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA." Canadian Mineralogist 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.46.1.73.

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3

Inegbenebor, A. I., P. A. Williams, R. E. Bevins, M. P. Lambert, and Alan D. Hart. "Composition of pyromorphites from Broken Hill, New South Wales." Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 15 (October 16, 1992): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.15.1992.81.

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4

Birch, W. D. "Zinc-manganese carbonates from Broken Hill, New South Wales." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 355 (March 1986): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.07.

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AbstractSpecimens of honey-brown to pinkish-brown globular carbonates encrusting concretionary goethite–coronadite from the oxidized zone at Broken Hill, New South Wales, have compositions in the rhodochrosite–smithsonite series. This may be the first extensive natural occurrence of this solid-solution series. Growth of the carbonates occurred in zones which have near uniform composition. The ratio MnCO3/(MnCO3 + ZnCO3) for each zone bears a linear relationship to the measured d spacing for the 104 X-ray reflections. Because cerussite is the only other mineral associated with the Zn-Mn carbonates and because of an absence of detailed locality information, the paragenetic significance of these minerals cannot be determined. The solutions depositing them may have been derived from the near-surface equivalents of the Zinc Lode horizons.

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5

Birch, William D. "Broken Hill New South Wales, Australia: Its Contribution to Mineralogy." Rocks & Minerals 82, no. 1 (January 2007): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/rmin.82.1.40-49.

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6

Millsteed, Paul W. "Faceting Transparent Rhodonite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Gems & Gemology 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/gems.42.2.151.

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7

Millsteed, P. W. "Marshite–miersile solid solution and iodargyrite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 62, no. 04 (August 1998): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646198547846.

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Abstract Microprobe analysis of marshite and miersite from Broken Hill, Australia, demonstrate extensive solid solution between the end-members CuI and AgI, indicating the possibility of a complete solid-solution series. Unit-cell parameters increase from 6.054 Å for marshite to 6.504 Å for miersite, closely following Vegard's Law. The Cu content of iodargyrite is generally below the limit of detection, but one zoned crystal contained 0.28 wt.% Cu. Crystallization of either miersite or iodargyrite at Broken Hill appears to be dependent upon the local availability and ratio of copper, silver and iodine ions.

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8

YOUNG, GRANT M. "Neoproterozoic glaciation in the Broken Hill area, New South Wales, Australia." Geological Society of America Bulletin 104, no. 7 (July 1992): 840–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0840:ngitbh>2.3.co;2.

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9

Yellowlees, Peter M., and Anil V. Kaushik. "The Broken Hill Psychopathology Project." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 26, no. 2 (June 1992): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486749202600203.

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The main objective of this study was to describe the psychiatric disorders seen in patients presenting for treatment in rural New South Wales. The patients were seen primarily in the community, in both public and private practice, but also in the local base hospital and prison. Seven hundred and seven patients were consecutively examined during the study period. The results of this study were compared with a previous Australia-wide study to identify specific disorders that were more prevalent in rural areas. Alcohol abuse and dependence stood out as being much more prevalent. Life problems such as domestic violence, sexual assault, and incest occurred commonly in women referred for psychiatric assessment. More than ten percent of the study patients were children aged under 17, who had similar prevalence rates of the various psychiatric disorders to a national comparison. It is concluded that alcohol abuse is very common in rural New South Wales, particularly in men, although there are also high rates in women, and this is probably related, in part at least, to the high rates of domestic violence, sexual assault and incest. It appears probable that there is a cycle of alcohol abuse in men leading to domestic violence and sexual abuse in women and children. This may contribute to the latter becoming anxious and depressed. The rates of the major functional psychiatric disorders were similar to those seen nationally. There is a great need for the maldistribution of psychiatrists between metropolitan and rural areas to be addressed.

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10

Val, J., T. Mazzer, and D. Shelly. "A new record of the dusky hopping mouse (Notomys fuscus) in New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 2 (2012): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am11031.

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The dusky hopping mouse, Notomys fuscus, is a desert rodent that occurs in the Simpson Strzelecki Dunefield Bioregion in Queensland, South Australia and New South Wales, where stabilised sand dunes are its preferred habitat. A recent capture from the Broken Hill Complex Bioregion in an atypical habitat (bluebush shrubland) and new locality ~170 km south of the nearest New South Wales record may indicate a significant population eruption and subsequent migration into new areas following the widespread ephemeral and perennial plant production pulse that occurred in 2010.

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11

Gillard, Robert D., Alan D. Hart, D. Alun Humphreys, R. F. Symes, and P. A. Williams. "Compositions of silver halides from the Broken Hill district, New South Wales." Records of the Australian Museum 49, no. 3 (December 22, 1997): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.49.1997.1268.

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12

Cooper, J. A., and K. R. Ludwig. "Inherited zircons in the Mundi Mundi Granite, Broken Hill, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 32, no. 4 (December 1985): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098508729344.

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13

Millsteed, Paul W., Terrence P. Mernagh, Vincent Otieno-Alego, and Dudley C. Creagh. "Inclusions in Transparent Gem Rhodonite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Gems & Gemology 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5741/gems.41.3.246.

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14

Dragovich, D. "Desert varnish and environmental change near Broken Hill, Western New South Wales." Earth-Science Reviews 25, no. 5-6 (December 1988): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(88)90007-4.

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15

Shchipalkina, Nadezhda V., Nikita V. Chukanov, Igor V. Pekov, Sergey M. Aksenov, Catherine McCammon, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Sergey N. Britvin, et al. "Ferrorhodonite, CaMn3Fe[Si5O15], a new mineral species from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 44, no. 5 (November 17, 2016): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-016-0860-3.

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16

STEVENS, B., R. BARNES, R. BROWN, W. STROUD, and I. WILLIS. "The Willyama Supergroup in the Broken Hill and Euriowie Blocks, New South Wales." Precambrian Research 40-41 (October 1988): 297–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(88)90073-3.

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17

Parr, Joanna M., Brian P. J. Stevens, Graham R. Carr, and Rodney W. Page. "Subseafloor origin for Broken Hill Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization, New South Wales, Australia." Geology 32, no. 7 (2004): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g20358.1.

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18

Rainbird, Paul. "Representing nation, dividing community: The Broken Hill War Memorial, New South Wales, Australia." World Archaeology 35, no. 1 (April 2003): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0043824032000078063.

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19

Parr, Joanna. "The preservation of pre-metamorphic colloform banding in pyrite from the Broken Hill-type Pinnacles deposit, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 392 (September 1994): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.392.11.

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AbstractTwo distinct generations of pyrite, with different morphologies, are described from the Proterozoic Broken Hill-type Pinnacles deposit in western NSW. The earlier, py1, forms concentric layers interpreted as colloform banding. Although the textures are somewhat similar to those observed in supergene alteration zones, textural relationships in fresh rocks suggest that these are pre-metamorphic and that the pyrite formed as the result of precipitation from hydrothermal fluids in open veins, vugs and fissures. The second generation, py2, post-dates py1 and forms euhedral overgrowths on it. It is interpreted as being synchronous with the main phase of base metal sulphide mineralisation. The textures reported here are previously unrecorded for Broken Hill-type mineralisation, and have implications for the regional identification of feeder zones to the Broken Hill deposit. The evidence supports a model in which mineralising conditions at the Pinnacles were characterised by slightly higher oxygen and lower sulphur fugacity (further constrained by Fe contents of sphalerite) than at Broken Hill, where pyrrhotite is the major Fe sulphide.The pre-metamorphic textures observed in the pyrite at the Pinnacles deposit are also unusual because they have survived granulite facies metamorphism and five phases of deformation, whereas previously the preservation of such textures has not been recognised at metamorphic grades greater than amphibolite facies.

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20

Birch, W. D., E. A. J. Burke, V. J. Wall, and M. A. Etheridge. "Ecandrewsite, the zinc analogue of ilmenite, from Little Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, and the San Valentin Mine, Sierra de Cartegena, Spain." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 365 (April 1988): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.365.10.

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AbstractEcandrewsite, the zinc analogue of ilmenite, is a new mineral which was first described from the Broken Hill lode in 1970 and discovered subsequently in ores from Little Broken Hill (New South Wales) and the San Valentin Mine, Spain. The name ‘ecandrewsite’ was used in a partial description of the mineral in ‘Minerals of Broken Hill’ (1982), thereby establishing the Little Broken Hill locality, specifically the Melbourne Rockwell Mine, as the type locality. Microprobe analysis of ecandrewsite from the type locality gave ZnO 30.42 (wt.%), FeO (total Fe) 11.37, MnO 7.64, TiO2 50.12, total 99.6%, yielding an empirical formula of (Zn0.59Fe0.24Mn0.17)1.00Ti0.99O3 based on 3 oxygen atoms. All compositions from Little Broken Hill and the San Valentin Mine are ferroan manganoan ecandrewsite. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction data are (d in Å, (hkil), I/Io):2.746, (104), 100; 2.545, (110), 80; 1.867, (024), 40; 3.734, (012), 30; 1.470, (3030), 30; 1.723, (116), 25. Ecandrewsite is hexagonal, space group RR3¯ assigned from a structural study, with a = 5.090(1), c = 14.036(2)Å, V = 314.6(3)Å3, Z = 6, D(calc.) = 4.99. The mineral is opaque, dark brown to black with a similar streak, and a submetallic lustre. In plane polarized light the reflection colour is greyish white with a pinkish tinge. Reflection pleochroism is weak, but anisotropism is strong with colours from greenish grey to dark brownish grey. Reflectance data in air between 470 and 650 nm are given. At the type locality, ecandrewsite forms disseminated tabular euhedral grains up to 250 × 50 µm, in quartz-rich metasediments. Associated minerals include almandine-spessartine, ferroan gahnite and rutile. The name is for E. C. Andrews, pioneering geologist in the Broken Hill region of New South Wales. Type material consisting of one grain is preserved in the Museum of Victoria (M35700). The mineral and name were approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names in 1979.

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21

Elliott, P., J. Brugger, A. Pring, M. L. Cole, A. C. Willis, and U. Kolitsch. "Birchite, a new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia: Description and structure refinement." American Mineralogist 93, no. 5-6 (May 1, 2008): 910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.2732.

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22

Frost, B. R., S. M. Swapp, and R. W. Gregory. "PROLONGED EXISTENCE OF SULFIDE MELT IN THE BROKEN HILL OREBODY, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA." Canadian Mineralogist 43, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.1.479.

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23

Khan, Mohammad Riaz, and D. J. Barber. "Composition-related microstructures in zinc-bearing carbonate assemblages from Broken Hill, New South Wales." Mineralogy and Petrology 41, no. 2-4 (April 1990): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01168497.

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24

James, S. D., J. A. Pearce, and R. A. Oliver. "The Geochemistry of the Lower Proterozoic Willyama Complex Volcanics, Broken Hill Block, New South Wales." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 33, no. 1 (1987): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.033.01.27.

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25

Rattray, K. J., M. R. Taylor, D. J. M. Bevan, and A. Pring. "Compositional segregation and solid solution in the lead-dominant alunite-type minerals from Broken Hill, N.S.W." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 402 (October 1996): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.402.07.

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AbstractA study of the composition and unit cell data of a suite of lead-rich minerals of the alunite-jarosite group from the oxidized zone of the ore body at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, has revealed almost complete XO4 (X = As, P, S) solid solution in these minerals at this deposit. The species in the group noted are hidalgoite, hinsdalite, beudantite, segnitite and plumbogummite. These minerals at Broken Hill exhibit a number of growth textures, including oscillatory zoning, colloform banding and replacements. Zoning in these minerals is due to the segregation of Al- and Fe-rich members, and compositions indicate a strong coupling of Fe3+ with and Al with

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26

Hibbs, D. E., U. Kolitsch, P. Leverett, J. L. Sharpe, and P. A. Williams. "Hoganite and paceite, two new acetate minerals from the Potosi mine, Broken Hill, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 66, no. 3 (June 2002): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461026630042.

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AbstractHoganite, copper(II) acetate monohydrate, and paceite (pronounced ‘pace-ite’), calcium(II) copper(II) tetraacetate hexahydrate, occur as isolated crystals embedded in ferruginous gossan from the Potosi Pit, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. They are associated with goethite, hematite, quartz, linarite, malachite, azurite, cerussite and cuprian smithsonite. Hoganite is bluish green with a pale blue streak and a Mohs hardness of 1½; it possesses perfect {001} and distinct {110} cleavages and has a conchoidal fracture. Chemical analysis of hoganite gave (wt.%) C 23.85; H 3.95; Cu 31.6; Fe 0.4; O (by difference) 40.2, yielding an empirical formula of C4H7.89O5.07Cu1.00Fe0.01. The simplified formula is C4H8O5Cu or Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O, the mineral being identical to the synthetic compound of the same formula. Single-crystal X-ray data for hoganite are: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 13.162(3), b = 8.555(2), c = 13.850(3)Å, β = 117.08(3)°, Z = 8. The density, calculated from single-crystal data, is 1.910 g cm−3. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are [dobs (Iobs) (hkl)] 6.921 (100) (011); 3.532 (28) (202); 6.176 (14) (200); 3.592 (11) (1̄22); 5.382 (10) (2̄11); 2.278 (10) (204); 5.872 (9) (002). Hoganite (orientation presently unknown) is biaxial positive with α = 1.533(2), β = 1.541(3), γ = 1.554(2), 2V(meas.) = 85(5)°, 2V(calc.) = 76.8°, dispersion is r < v, medium (white light); it is strongly pleochroic with X = blue, Y = pale bluish, Z = pale bluish green and absorption X > Y > Z. The mineral is named after Graham P. Hogan of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, a miner and well-known collector of Broken Hill minerals.Paceite is dark blue with a pale blue streak and a Mohs hardness of 1½; it possesses perfect {100} and {110} cleavages and has an uneven fracture. Chemical analysis of paceite gave (wt.%) C 21.25; H 5.3; Ca 9.0; Cu 14.1; O (by difference) 50.35, yielding an empirical formula of C8H23.77O14.23Ca1.02-Cu1.00. The simplified formula is C8H24O14CaCu or CaCu(CH3COO)4.6H2O, the mineral being identical to the synthetic compound of the same formula. Unit-cell data (refined from X-ray powder diffraction data) for paceite are: tetragonal, space group I4/m, a = 11.155(4), c = 16.236(17)Å, Z = 4. The density, calculated from refined cell data, is 1.472 g cm−3. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are [dobs (Iobs) (hkl)] 7.896 (100) (110); 3.530 (20) (310); 5.586 (15) (200); 8.132 (8) (002); 9.297 (6) (101); 2.497 (4) (420); 3.042 (3) (321). Paceite is uniaxial positive with ω = 1.439(2) and ɛ = 1.482(3) (white light); pleochroism is bluish with a greenish tint (O), pale bluish with a greyish tint (E), and absorption O ⩾ E. The mineral is named after Frank L. Pace of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, an ex-miner and well-known collector of Broken Hill minerals.

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27

MURAKAMI, Hideki, Isao TAKASHIMA, Norimasa NISHIDA, The late Susumu SHIMODA, and Satoshi MATSUBARA. "Solubility and behavior of lead in green orthoclase (amazonite) from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 95, no. 3 (2000): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/ganko.95.71.

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28

Rumsey, Michael S., Mark D. Welch, Annette K. Kleppe, and John Spratt. "Siidraite, Pb2Cu(OH)2I3, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia: the third halocuprate(I) mineral." European Journal of Mineralogy 29, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 1027–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2676.

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29

Farquhar, Jules E. "Range extension of the Triodia Earless Skink Hemiergis millewae, and first record in New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 40, no. 4 (January 2020): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2019.022.

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A specimen of the Triodia Earless Skink Hemiergis millewae was discovered on the Barrier Range of far-western New South Wales (NSW). This observation is significant because it constitutes the first record of the species in NSW and the Broken Hill Complex bioregion, extending the species’ range 140 km north-east of the nearest known population in South Australia. Suitable spinifex habitat for H. millewae is highly isolated and small in extent on the Barrier Range, and the species may qualify for listing as a threatened species in NSW. I discuss the cause of apparent disjunctions in the species’ distribution and highlight the need for additional survey effort.

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30

Parr, Joanna M. "The geology of the Broken Hill-type Pinnacles Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, western New South Wales, Australia." Economic Geology 89, no. 4 (July 1, 1994): 778–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.89.4.778.

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31

Groves, I. M., D. I. Groves, F. P. Bierlein, J. Broome, and J. Penhall. "RECOGNITION OF THE HYDROTHERMAL FEEDER TO THE STRUCTURALLY INVERTED, GIANT BROKEN HILL DEPOSIT, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA." Economic Geology 103, no. 7 (November 1, 2008): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.7.1389.

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32

Melchiorre, Erik B., Peter A. Williams, and Richard E. Bevins. "A low temperature oxygen isotope thermometer for cerussite, with applications at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, no. 15 (August 2001): 2527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00604-4.

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33

Howie, R. A. "W.D. Birch(Ed.) Minerals of Broken Hill. Broken Hill, New South Wales (Broken Hill City Council and Museum of Victoria), 1999, xiv + 289pp. Price AUS$ 120.00 (+ postage and handling). ISBN 0-9599486-9-4(To be ordered through the Albert Kersten Geocentre, PO Box 448, Broken Hill, New South Wales 2880, Australia (e-mail geocentr@ncpro.net.au)." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 2 (April 2000): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/s0026461x00020089.

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34

Elliott, P., P. Turner, P. Jensen, U. Kolitsch, and A. Pring. "Description and crystal structure of nyholmite, a new mineral related to hureaulite, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 73, no. 5 (October 2009): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2009.073.5.723.

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AbstractNyholmite, Cd3Zn2(AsO3OH)2(AsO4)2·4H2O, from the Block 14 Opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, is a new Cd-Zn arsenate species, isostructural with the minerals of the hureaulite group. The mineral occurs in a quartz-garnet-arsenopyrite matrix as white globules, tufted aggregates of fibrous crystals and radiating hemispheres of thin, colourless, bladed crystals. Associated minerals are goldquarryite, lavendulan-sampleite, scorodite-strengite and gypsum. Individual crystals are up to 0.2 mm in length and 0.05 mm across. The mineral is transparent to translucent with a vitreous lustre. It is brittle with an uneven fracture and a white streak. The Mohs hardness is 3–3.5 and the calculated density is 4.23 g cm–3 for the empirical formula. Electron microprobe analyses yielded CdO 34.58, ZnO 9.72, MnO 3.59, CuO 3.39, Al2O3 0.20, CaO 0.16, PbO 0.37, As2O5 34.55, P2O5 6.29 totalling 92.85 wt.%. The empirical formula, based on 20 oxygen atoms, is Ca0.03Pb0.02 Cd2.80Al0.04Zn1.24-Cu0.44Mn0.53[(AsO4)3.13(PO4)0.92]Σ4.05H1.91·3.79H2O. Nyholmite is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 18.062(4) Å, b = 9.341(2) Å, c = 9.844(2) Å, β = 96.17(3)°, V = 1651.2(6) Å3 (single-crystal data, at 123 K). The six strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [d(Å),I,(hkl)]: 8.985,30,(200); 8.283,85,(110); 6.169,25,(111); 4.878,25,(002); 3.234,100,(2, 420); 3.079,65,(222, 511); 2.976’45’(113). The crystal structure was solved by Patterson methods and refined using 2045 observed reflections to R1(F) = 3.73%. The structure is characterized by a kinked, five-membered chain of edge-sharing Mφ6 (φ = unspecified anion) octahedra, or pentamer, that extends in the a direction. The pentamers link by sharing corners to form a sheet in the (001) plane. Pentamers are also linked, via corner-sharing, by (As,P)O4 groups forming thick slabs in the (001) plane. The slabs link in the c direction by cornersharing between octahedra and tetrahedra to form a dense heteropolyhedral framework. Moderate to weak hydrogen-bonding provides additional linkage between the slabs.

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35

Paul, Adrian L. D., Peter D. Erskine, and Antony van der Ent. "Metallophytes on Zn-Pb mineralised soils and mining wastes in Broken Hill, NSW, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 2 (2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17143.

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The wastes of metalliferous mining activities produce a substrate that is generally unfavourable for normal plant establishment and growth. However, metallophytes have evolved to grow in hostile environments that are rich in metals. They possess key properties that commend them for revegetation of mines and metal-contaminated sites. This field survey aimed to identify native metallophytes occurring on minerals wastes and mineralised outcrops in Broken Hill (New South Wales, Australia). Foliar concentrations of minerals were very high compared with non-mineralised soils but within the range expected for plants in such environments. Neither hyperaccumulators nor obligate metallophytes have been found, but they may be present on isolated mineralised outcrops in the wider Broken Hill area; however, a range of facultative metallophytes was identified in this study. These species could be introduced onto mining leases if establishment protocols for such species were developed.

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36

Paul, Adrian L. D., Peter D. Erskine, and Antony van der Ent. "Corrigendum to: Metallophytes on Zn-Pb mineralised soils and mining wastes in Broken Hill, NSW, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 3 (2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17143_co.

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The wastes of metalliferous mining activities produce a substrate that is generally unfavourable for normal plant establishment and growth. However, metallophytes have evolved to grow in hostile environments that are rich in metals. They possess key properties that commend them for revegetation of mines and metal-contaminated sites. This field survey aimed to identify native metallophytes occurring on minerals wastes and mineralised outcrops in Broken Hill (New South Wales, Australia). Foliar concentrations of minerals were very high compared with non-mineralised soils but within the range expected for plants in such environments. Neither hyperaccumulators nor obligate metallophytes have been found, but they may be present on isolated mineralised outcrops in the wider Broken Hill area; however, a range of facultative metallophytes was identified in this study. These species could be introduced onto mining leases if establishment protocols for such species were developed.

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37

Gulson, Brian L., Patricia M. Porritt, Karen J. Mizon, and Robert G. Barnes. "Lead isotope signatures of stratiform and strata-bound mineralization in the Broken Hill Block, New South Wales, Australia." Economic Geology 80, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.2.488.

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38

Williams, P. J., L. A. Fisher, B. W. D. Yardley, and L. Forbes. "Origin of mixed brine-sulphide inclusion trails from broken hill new south wales investigated by LA-ICP-MS." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 18 (August 2006): A703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1525.

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39

Pring, A., W. D. Birch, and A. Reller. "An occurrence of lead oxycarbonate (PbCO3.PbO) as a mine fire product at Broken Hill, New South Wales." Mineralogical Magazine 54, no. 377 (December 1990): 647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1990.054.377.19.

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40

Raveggi, M., D. Giles, J. Foden, M. Raetz, and K. Ehlers. "Source and significance of the felsic magmatism in the Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic Broken Hill Block, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 4 (June 2008): 531–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090801888651.

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41

Slack, John F., and Brian P. J. Stevens. "Clastic metasediments of the Early Proterozoic Broken Hill Group, New South Wales, Australia: Geochemistry, provenance, and metallogenic significance." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, no. 17 (September 1994): 3633–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90155-4.

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42

Elliott, Peter. "Cardite, Zn5.5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)3·3H2O, a new zinc arsenate mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogy and Petrology 115, no. 4 (April 21, 2021): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-021-00750-2.

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43

O'Brien, J. J., P. G. Spry, G. S. Teale, S. E. Jackson, and D. Rogers. "Major and Trace Element Chemistry of Gahnite as an Exploration Guide to Broken Hill-Type Pb-Zn-Ag Mineralization in the Broken Hill Domain, New South Wales, Australia." Economic Geology 110, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): 1027–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.4.1027.

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44

Vérard, C. "Paleomagnetic study of the Late Silurian–Early Devonian Mt Daubeny Formation from the Broken Hill area, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 5 (July 2009): 687–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090902937423.

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45

Lavin, Owen P., and Ian Nichol. "Applications of some statistical techniques to weathered rock geochemical data from the Broken Hill area, New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 40, no. 1-3 (August 1991): 427–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(91)90051-u.

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46

Elliott, P., G. Giester, E. Libowitzky, and U. Kolitsch. "Description and crystal structure of liversidgeite, Zn6(PO4)4{middle dot}7H2O, a new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." American Mineralogist 95, no. 2-3 (February 1, 2010): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2010.3306.

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47

Elliott, P., J. Brugger, and T. Caradoc-Davies. "Description and crystal structure of a new mineral, edwardsite, Cu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O, from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 74, no. 1 (February 2010): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.39.

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AbstractEdwardsite, Cu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O, is a new mineral from the Block 14 Opencut, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. It occurs as druses of tabular and bladed crystals up to 0.06 mm in size, associated with niedermayrite and christelite. Edwardsite is pale blue, transparent with vitreous lustre and has excellent cleavage parallel to {100}. Density was not measured but the calculated density, from the empirical formula, is 3.53 g cm–3 and the Mohs hardness is ∼3. Optically, it is biaxial negative with α ∼ 1.74, β = 1.762(4), γ ∼ 1.77 and 2Vcalc. ∼ +62°. The optical orientation is X = b, Y ∼ a, Z ∼ c. Electron microprobe analysis gave (wt.%): CdO 32.43, CuO 28.06, ZnO 2.26, FeO 0.08, SO3 20.35, H2Ocalc. (from crystal-structure analysis) 14.14, totalling 99.32. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 18 oxygen atoms is Cu2.77Cd1.98Zn0.22Fe0.01(SO4)2.00(OH)5.95·4.06H2O. Edwardsite is monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 10.863(2) Å, b = 13.129(3) Å, c = 11.169(2) Å, β = 113.04(3)°, V = 1465.9(5) Å3 (single-crystal data) and Z = 4. The eight strongest lines in the powder diffraction pattern are [d (Å), (I/I0), (hkl)]: 9.991, (90), (100); 5.001, (90), (200, 21); 4.591, (45), (20); 3.332, (60), (300, 032); 3.005, (30), (03); 2.824, (40), (2); 2.769, (55), (20, 042, 10); 2.670, (45), (2). The crystal structure was determined by direct methods and refined to R1 = 3.21% using 1904 observed reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) collected using synchrotron X-ray radiation (λ = 0.773418 Å). The structure is based on infinite sheets of edge-sharing Cuϕ6 (ϕ: O2–, OH) octahedra and Cdϕ7 (ϕ: O2–, H2O) polyhedra parallel to (100). The sheets are decorated on both sides by corner-sharing (SO4) tetrahedra, which also corner-link to isolated Cdϕ6 octahedra, thus connecting adjacent sheets. Moderate-strong to weak hydrogen bonding provides additional linkage between sheets.

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Parr, Joanna M. "Rare-earth element distribution in exhalites associated with Broken Hill-type mineralisation at the Pinnacles deposit, New South Wales, Australia." Chemical Geology 100, no. 1-2 (October 1992): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90103-c.

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Elliott, Peter, and Uwe Kolitsch. "Description and crystal structure of vanderheydenite, Zn6(PO4)2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O, a new mineral from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." European Journal of Mineralogy 30, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2750.

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Sass, Steve, Gerry Swan, Brooke Marshall, Tim Browne, and Nick Graham-Higgs. "Disjunct populations of spinifex-obligate reptiles revealed in a newly described vegetation community near Broken Hill, far-western New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 35, no. 3 (January 2011): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2011.030.

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