Journal articles on the topic 'Alberto Graziani'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Alberto Graziani.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Alberto Graziani.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Botelho, Rafael Guimarães, and Wagner Wey Moreira. "Resenha do livro Pós-Graduação: Desafios e perspectivas na formação universitária." Revista Iberoamericana de Educación 89, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35362/rie8915071.
Full textAbstract:
Graziano, Alberto & Tembe, Vicente (Org.). (2019). Pós-Graduação: Desafios e perspectivas na formação universitária. Maputo: PubliFix Edições, 173 páginas. Depósito legal: DL/BNM/2019/437. O presente livro, publicado em Maputo (Moçambique), reúne 10 capítulos em língua portuguesa, sendo quatro conferências e seis comunicações de cinco autores moçambicanos, três portugueses e um brasileiro que aportam necessárias reflexões à formação universitária, com ênfase na pós-graduação, tematizando as áreas do Desporto e da Educação Física. Tudo decorrente de um Seminário referente ao Programa de Doutorado em Ciências do Desporto/Treino Desportivo, como menciona um dos organizadores da obra, o Prof. Dr. Alberto Graziano. O prefácio da obra ficou a cargo do Vice-Reitor da Universidade Pedagógica de Maputo (UP-Maputo), o Prof. Dr. Boaventura Aleixo.
2
NAETH, M. A., D. J. PLUTH, D. S. CHANASYK, A. W. BAILEY, and A. W. FEDKENHEUER. "SOIL COMPACTING IMPACTS OF GRAZING IN MIXED PRAIRIE AND FESCUE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS OF ALBERTA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 2 (May 1, 1990): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-018.
Full textAbstract:
The impacts of long-term grazing on compaction were assessed in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of Alberta. Grazing regimes were of light to very heavy intensities, grazed early, late, and continuously during the growing season. Bulk density was measured with a surface moisture/density gauge and a combination moisture/density probe to 65 cm. Penetration resistance to 30 cm was measured with a cone penetrometer. Solonetzic soils were less sensitive to compaction under grazing than Chernozemic soils. Heavy intensity and/or early season grazing had greater impacts on compaction than light intensity and/or late season grazing. Under the former grazing regimes, bulk density increased to 7.5 cm at Kinsella and 65 cm at Stavely; penetration resistance increased to depths of 2.5 cm at Brooks, 15 cm at Kinsella, and 30 cm at Stavely. Heavy trampling versus regular grazing increased penetration resistance to depths of 30 and 10 cm under heavy intensity and/or early season and light intensity and/or late season grazing, respectively. Late season grazing at Brooks and light to moderate grazing at Stavely may be used as management models to reduce compaction under grazing. Trends were not as clear at Kinsella, but light June and autumn grazing had the least compacting effect. Key words: Compaction, grazing, rangelands, penetration resistance, bulk density
3
Naeth, M. A., D. S. Chanasyk, R. L. Rothwell, and A. W. Bailey. "Grazing impacts on soil water in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 71, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss91-031.
Full textAbstract:
Reduced soil water under grazing is generally attributed to reduced infiltration as livestock trampling compacts the soil surface. Grazing can also have the opposite effect on soil water through reduced evapotranspiration when vegetation is removed. On the Canadian Prairies, grazing impacts on soil water have been assessed in short-term studies but impacts of long-term grazing have not been documented. In this study, impacts of long-term grazing on soil water were assessed in mixed prairie, parkland fescue grassland, and foothills fescue grassland ecosystems of southern and central Alberta. Grazing regimes were of light to very heavy intensities, grazed early, late, and continuously during the growing season. Soil water was measured with a neutron probe to a depth of 1 m from April through October over three growing seasons. Normal patterns of soil water recharge in autumn and spring and soil water depletion in summer due to evapotranspiration were not altered by grazing. Fluctuations in soil water were most pronounced in the uppermost 30 cm but still evident in the 30- to 50-cm and 50- to 80-cm depth intervals. Heavy intensity and/or early season grazing had a greater impact on soil water than light intensity and/or late season grazing. Season of grazing affected soil water more under light than heavy grazing intensities. On most sampling dates, soil water in grazed treatments was lower than in the ungrazed control, particularly in the 30- to 50-cm and 50- to 80-cm depth intervals. Differences between the control and grazed treatments were least pronounced during the summer months with evapotranspiration depleting soil water reserves in all treatments. Key words: Soil water, grazing, rangelands, water uptake
4
Fitch, L., and B. W. Adams. "Can cows and fish co-exist?" Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-141.
Full textAbstract:
Our paper provides an ecological perspective on the interrelationship between livestock grazing and riparian areas through a review of topical literature. We also describe the Alberta Riparian Habitat Management Project (also known as "Cows and Fish"), and draw upon our experience to provide a perspective on future riparian management actions. Those actions should begin with an understanding that prairie landscapes evolved with herbivores, in a grazing regime timed and controlled by season and climatic fluctuations where grazing by native grazers was followed by variable rest periods. Prevailing range management principles represent an attempt to imitate the natural system and describe ecologically based grazing systems. Traditionally, range management guidelines have focused on grazing practices and impacts in upland, terrestrial rangelands, with a lack of attention devoted to riparian areas.Three decades of riparian investigation have quantified the effect unmanaged livestock grazing can have on range productivity and watershed function. We contend that suitable grazing strategies for riparian areas will be developed first by understanding the function of riparian systems and then by applying range management principles to develop riparian grazing strategies. A key step towards determining the fit of livestock grazing is an understanding of the formation of riparian systems and their ecological function. We describe riparian structure, function and process to provide linkages between livestock grazing, riparian vegetation health and stream channel dynamics. We summarize the effects of unmanaged livestock grazing on riparian habitats and fish and wildlife populations. The general conclusion is that unmanaged grazing results in overuse and degradation of riparian areas. The literature provides several options for the development of riparian grazing strategies. We provide an overview of strategies suitable for riparian areas in Southern Alberta which should maintain ecological function and sustained use. Key words: Riparian, grazing management, grazing systems, riparian grazing
5
Fraser, Erin C., Richard Kabzems, and Victor J. Lieffers. "Sheep grazing for vegetation management in the northern forests of British Columbia and Alberta." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77713-4.
Full textAbstract:
Vegetation management treatments are applied on a large proportion of regenerated sites in British Columbia and Alberta to improve survival and early growth of conifers and to meet provincial standards. Conventional techniques like manual brushing and chemical herbicides continue to be widely applied. However, other less familiar methods like sheep grazing can also be a viable option on some sites. Sheep grazing has been demonstrated to offer good to excellent control of both herbaceous and woody vegetation, provided certain conditions are met. Specifically, the dominant vegetation must be palatable to the sheep, the large- and small-scale topography must be relatively even, the treatment must be carried out before the crop trees become severely suppressed or damaged and the animals must be effectively supervised. It is our position that there is an opportunity to increase the use of sheep grazing for vegetation control in some regions of the northern forests of British Columbia and Alberta, thus providing another viable option for forest managers. Key words: sheep, grazing, vegetation management, plantation establishment, conifer release, northern forest
6
NAETH, M. A., R. L. ROTHWELL, D. S. CHANASYK, and A. W. BAILEY. "GRAZING IMPACTS ON INFILTRATION IN MIXED PRAIRIE AND FESCUE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS OF ALBERTA." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-062.
Full textAbstract:
Infiltration capacity is generally reduced with increased grazing intensity and reduced range condition, mainly through vegetation and litter removal, soil structure deterioration, and compaction. Only one study has documented the effect of grazing on Canadian rangelands, necessitating further investigation. In this study, impacts of long-term grazing on infiltration were assessed in mixed prairie and fescue grassland ecosystems of southern and central Alberta, Canada. Grazing regimes were of light to very heavy intensities, grazed early, late, and continuously during the growing season. Ungrazed controls were evaluated at each site. Infiltration was measured with double ring infiltrometers. Heavy intensity and/or early season grazing had greater impact on infiltration than light intensity and/or late season grazing. In mixed prairie, initial and steady state infiltration rates in the control were 1.5 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than those in the early season grazed treatment. In parkland fescue, initial rates were lowest in June grazed treatments and steady state rates were highest in light autumn grazed and control treatments. Initial infiltration rates in foothills fescue control and light grazed treatments were 1.5–2.3 times those in heavy and very heavy grazed treatments. Steady state rates were 1.5–2 times higher in light grazed and control treatments than in moderate, heavy, and very heavy grazed treatments. Key words: Infiltration, infiltration rate, grazing, rangelands
7
Omokanye, Akim, Calvin Yoder, Lekshmi Sreekumar, Liisa Vihvelin, and Monika Benoit. "Forage Production and Economic Performance of Pasture Rejuvenation Methods in Northern Alberta, Canada." Sustainable Agriculture Research 7, no. 2 (April 18, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v7n2p94.
Full textAbstract:
Producing high quality forage and maintaining productive pastures is a major challenge that beef producers encounter, as rejuvenation is a complex and costly challenge. This is part of a series of papers looking at potential options and methods of rejuvenation to improve the productivity of older forage stands in northern Alberta. The methods of rejuvenation investigated were sub-soiling, break & re-seeding, a combination of manure application plus subsoiling, high stock density grazing, bale grazing, pasture rest, as well as direct seeding in spring and fall. In this series, forage dry matter (DM) yield, forage nutritive value and economic performance are presented and discussed. The top 5 forage DM yielders were bale grazing, manure + subsoil in fall, break & re-seeding, high stock density grazing and fertilizer application in that order. In both years, bale grazing consistently produced higher forage DM yield than other methods including control, with bale grazing giving up to 100% higher yield at site-1 and 219% at site- 2 for the 2-year total forage DM. Most forage nutritive value parameters measured were similar for the rejuvenation methods investigated. A simplified economic analysis done in this study showed that the direct input cost of rejuvenation an old forage stand was higher with the break & re-seeding method than other methods. However, for bale grazing, when the cost of hay bales used was factored in, then the cost of bale grazing far exceeded those of other methods including break & re-seeding. The implications of the results obtained in this study in relation to beef cattle production system are highlighted.
8
BAILEY, C. B., and J. E. LAWSON. "RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS RESTRICTS THE FORMATION OF SILICEOUS URINARY CALCULI IN RANGE CALVES." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 1139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-121.
Full textAbstract:
Calves grazing with their dams on native grassland in southern Alberta had more calculi in their kidneys and bladders at weaning than a similar group of calves grazing an adjacent pasture reseeded to Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.). Calculous material in both groups contained high levels of silica (mean 780 g kg−1). Russian wild ryegrass is useful for autumn grazing because it maintains its nutritive value better than indigenous grasses late in the grazing season. The present results indicate that it may also be useful for reducing the formation of siliceous urinary calculi. Key words: Calves, Russian wild ryegrass, silica, urinary calculi
9
Baron, V. S., A. C. Dick, H. G. Najda, and D. F. Salmon. "Cropping systems for spring and winter cereals under simulated pasture: Yield and yield distribution." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-092.
Full textAbstract:
Annual crops are used routinely for pasture in many parts of the world, but in Alberta they are used primarily to offset feed shortages. Experiments were conducted during 1987 and 1988 at Lacombe, Alberta under dryland conditions and at Brooks, Alberta under irrigation to determine the feasibility of using spring-planted combinations of spring and winter cereals to extend the grazing season. Treatments for simulated grazing were spring oat (Avena sativa L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) monocrops (SMC), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) monocrops (WMC), spring and winter cereal binary mixtures, seeded together in the spring (intercrop-IC) and the winter cereal seeded after one clipping of the spring cereal (double crop-DC). Clippings were initiated at the jointing stage of the spring cereals and were repeated at intervals of 4 wk. The SMC produced the highest yields during the first two cuts (mid-June and mid-July), but regrowth declined thereafter. The WMC generally had superior yields after mid-July. The IC yield was similar to the higher of the SMC or WMC at any cut with more uniform productivity over the growing season. The DC was inferior to the IC for late summer and fall production. Averaged over years the IC produced 92 and 87% as much DM in the fall as the WMC at Lacombe and Brooks, respectively. Yield totalled over all cuts resulted in the sequence IC > WMC > DC > SMC. The IC is a feasible season-long pasture system under irrigation in southern Alberta and under rain-fed conditions in central Alberta. Key words: Cereals, double-crop, intercrop, monocrop, pasture, yields
10
Chanasyk, David S., and M. Anne Naeth. "Grazing impacts on bulk density and soil strength in the foothills fescue grasslands of Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-078.
Full textAbstract:
Alberta foothills fescue grasslands are very productive ecosystems but there is concern that the traditional season-long (continuous) grazing regimes may be leading to soil deterioration due to compaction and increased soil strength. The objectives of this study were to quantify grazing effects on soil bulk density and soil strength of sloped areas in the Alberta foothills fescue grasslands at the Agriculture Canada Stavely Range Substation. The effects of two grazing intensities (heavy and very heavy) for two treatments (short duration and continuous) on these two parameters were compared to an ungrazed control. Soil bulk density and soil water to a depth of 7.5 cm were measured with a surface water/density gauge. Soil strength was measured with a hand-pushed cone penetrometer to a depth of 45 cm. Cone index, the maximum penetration resistance in a given depth interval, was used as a measurement parameter for soil strength.Grazing affected both soil bulk density and penetration resistance. Even short-duration treatments affected these soil properties, although their effects were similar for both heavy and very heavy grazing intensities. Distinction between heavy and very heavy continuous grazing treatments was clear for both bulk density and penetration resistance, with the very heavy treatment having the greatest detrimental effect on these two soil parameters for all treatments. Bulk density and soil strength values were always lowest in the spring after snowmelt and highest late in the growing season, reflecting the water status of these ecosystems. Identical treatment rankings were obtained using bulk density and penetration resistance, but cone index was a more sensitive indicator of the effects of grazing than bulk density. Key words: Grazing, fescue grasslands, bulk density, soil strength
11
Omokanye, Akim, Calvin Yoder, Lekshmi Sreekumar, Liisa Vihvelin, and Monika Benoit. "On-farm Assessments of Pasture Rejuvenation Methods on Soil Quality Indicators in Northern Alberta (Canada)." Sustainable Agriculture Research 7, no. 2 (April 18, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v7n2p74.
Full textAbstract:
The study was aimed at providing livestock producers with options on practical methods to improve soil quality of pastures for improved forage production and livestock carrying capacity. The study was carried out on-farm from 2015 to 2017 at two sites in northern Alberta, Canada. The methods of rejuvenation (treatments) evaluated were: sub-soiling, break & re-seed (pasture renewal), a combination of manure application plus subsoiling, pasture rest, inorganic fertilizer application, high stock density grazing and bale grazing. A check/control treatment was included for comparison. For break & re-seed, the forage mixture seeded (16.8 kg ha-1) consisted of 60% grasses and 40% legumes. Overall, bale grazing improved soil organic matter (SOM) by up to 3.80% over other methods including check. In terms of soil compaction penetration resistance, water infiltration rate, water content and nutrients particularly N, P and K, bale grazing system as a method of rejuvenating old pastures significantly showed higher values than check at both sites. Without having to break and re-seed old pastures, the first option that livestock producers would have success with in improving soil quality for better pasture productivity would be bale grazing. The next two methods or rejuvenation strategies with great potential for improving soil conditions for pastures would be a combination of manure application plus subsoil in fall and high stock density grazing.
12
Mapfumo, Emmanuel, Walter D. Willms, and David S. Chanasyk. "Water Quality of Surface Runoff from Grazed Fescue Grassland Watersheds in Alberta." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.036.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A study was conducted at Stavely Research Station, Alberta, to determine the quantity and quality of surface runoff from small grassland watersheds under three grazing intensities, viz. ungrazed, heavy grazing (2.4 animal unit months per hectare, AUM ha-1) and very heavy grazing (4.8 AUM ha-1). The volume of surface runoff varied each year (1998, 1999 and 2000) and also differed across watersheds, with lower runoff in the ungrazed compared with the heavy and very heavy grazed watersheds. Total dissolved solids in surface runoff water ranged between 34 to 360 mg L-1, and that for runoff from the very heavy grazed watershed was greater than that from other watersheds. Electrical conductivity increased with increased grazing intensity on the watershed. In two of three years the very heavy grazed watershed had greater nitrate concentrations than the other two watersheds. In all three years the levels of nitrate were lower than the maximum acceptable level for drinking water (10 mg L-1 as nitrogen). Levels of orthophosphate (PO43-) in surface runoff from all three watersheds and the three years of study were less than 1 mg L-1, and mostly within the range considered typical for rivers and streams. Total carbon (up to 500 mg L-1) was greater than the amounts considered typical for streams and rivers, and most of it was organic carbon. Nuisance organisms such as algae, nematodes, Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and rotifers were detected in some surface runoff samples. However, no crustaceans were detected. The results of a canonical correlation analysis indicated that the dominant external forcing factors (meteorological and management) in influencing water quality were year of study, water temperature and grazing. Surface runoff discharge did not influence water quality measurements. The dominant water quality parameters were found to be total carbon, organic carbon, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Overall, this study indicated that during the three years, the surface runoff volumes from the watersheds were small and grazing of these watersheds posed little risk of nutrient (e.g., nitrate, ammonia and orthophosphate) contamination of adjacent streams, but organic carbon loading and dissolved solids may be of concern. The presence of parasites was detected in two or less runoff water samples each year, and thus pose little risk of contamination of adjacent streams. However, it may be necessary to monitor parasites especially in areas under cow-calf operations.
13
Naeth, M. Anne, and David S. Chanasyk. "Grazing Effects on Soil Water in Alberta Foothills Fescue Grasslands." Journal of Range Management 48, no. 6 (November 1995): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003065.
Full text
14
Henderson, Darcy C., Ben H. Ellert, and M. Anne Naeth. "Grazing and Soil Carbon along a Gradient of Alberta Rangelands." Journal of Range Management 57, no. 4 (July 2004): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003866.
Full text
15
HENDERSON, DARCY C., BEN H. ELLERT, and M. ANNE NAETH. "Grazing and soil carbon along a gradient of Alberta rangelands." Rangeland Ecology & Management 57, no. 4 (July 2004): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2004)057[0402:gascaa]2.0.co;2.
Full text
16
Ali, Shaukat, L. A. Goonewardene, and J. A. Basarab. "Estimating water consumption and factors affecting intake in grazing cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 74, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-077.
Full textAbstract:
Water consumption (WC) by 39.5 animal units (AU) of grazing cattle was studied at a central Alberta site in summer. Average WC AU−1 was estimated at 48.9 L d−1. WC increased by 0.68 L AU−1 (P < 0.01) for each percentage decrease in relative humidity, increased by 0.81 L AU−1 (P < 0.02) for each degree Celsius increase in maximum daily temperature, and increased by 0.15 L AU−1 (P < 0.06) as cattle grew and the season progressed. Relative humidity is shown to be an important determinant of WC in grazing cattle. Key words: Water consumption, animal unit, temperature, humidity, grazing cattle
17
Cole, D. E., J. R. King, D. A. Oyarzun, T. H. Dietzler, and A. S. McClay. "Experiences with invasive plant management and ecology in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 5 (December 1, 2007): 1013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07119.
Full textAbstract:
A number of invasive plant management strategies, including competition, fertilizer, herbicide, combination of fertilizer and herbicide, biological control, mowing, grazing management, prevention, eradication and education have been investigated and employed in Alberta. The integrated weed management (IWM) strategies are overlapping, interconnected and based on ecological principles. Research on several invasive plant species, including ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.), scentless chamomile [Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Laínz] and white cockle [Silene pratensis (Raf.) Godr. & Gren.] has provided ecological information showing the importance of maintaining healthy, competitive plant communities. Key words: Invasive plants, management, ox-eye daisy, competition, Alberta
18
Catling, Paul M., Brenda Kostiuk, and Don Thompson. "Horse ranching increases biodiversity in a foothills parkland prairie in northern Kananaskis Country, western Alberta." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 1 (May 31, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i1.1663.
Full textAbstract:
Vascular plant biodiversity was evaluated in two adjacent sections of a continuous prairie glade. One section has been subject to moderate grazing by feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) in late summer and fall for the past 25 years, while the other has been protected. From 28 June to 2 July 2009, we recorded cover for all vascular plants present in ten 1-m2 quadrats along five transects in each section. We calculated biodiversity measures, including species richness, evenness, and Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s diversity indexes. Horse grazing did not affect richness but significantly increased evenness. Grazing increased the Shannon-Wiener index, but did not affect the Simpson’s index. Cover and frequency values for most species differed significantly between the two sites. Mountain Rough Fescue (Festuca campestris Rydberg) dominated the non-grazed site but several shorter grasses and different forbs dominated the grazed site. The plant community in the grazed areas can be seen as an earlier seral stage of the fescue community with a different contingent of plant species. Light grazing in part of the prairie glade increased overall plant diversity so that it provided more diverse animal habitat.
19
Willms, W. D., J. King, and J. F. Dormaar. "Weathering losses of forage species on the fescue grassland in southwestern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-172.
Full textAbstract:
Rough fescue grasslands are readily damaged by heavy grazing pressure in the summer but tolerate grazing in winter. The grasslands have physical and nutritive properties that make them suitable for winter grazing by cattle thereby reducing the cost of winter feeding while preserving the integrity of the grasslands. However, their forage value declines during winter through the degradation of biomass yield and quality. This study took place at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Range Research Substation located on the Porcupine Hills in southwest Alberta. The objectives of this study were to determine the dynamics of litter biomass for important forage species over winter, to examine the role of leaf position in the plant on biomass loss from leaves, and to determine the associated changes in crude protein, phosphorus, and acid detergent fibre of the leaves, and carbon and nitrogen. Leaves of Parry oat grass (Danthonia parryi Scribn.), Idaho fescue (F. idahoensis Elmer), and rough fescue (F. campestris Rydb.) were sampled at monthly intervals from August to March over 3 yr to determine weight and chemical composition. Decomposition of these species, together with smooth aster (Aster laevis L.), was also tested for decomposition in the litter mass using nylon bags. Degradation of standing litter was most rapid in late summer and tended to decline toward stability by December. Biomass losses in leaves from August to March were similar (P > 0.05) among grass species. Over-winter losses in the litter mass tended to be greatest for smooth aster. Changes in the mineral and fibre concentrations of the herbage were typical of the trends expected for the period, that included late senescence and weathering, and followed closely the losses of biomass for the period. Forage decomposition is an important ecological process in mineral cycling and affects the quantity and quality of forage available for delayed grazing. Key words: Standing litter, buried litter, biomass, forage quality, winter, Parry oat grass, Idaho fescue, rough fescue, smooth aster
20
HAUFE, W. O. "PRODUCTIVITY OF THE COW-CALF UNIT IN RANGE CATTLE PROTECTED FROM HORN FLIES, Haematobia irritans (L.), BY PESTICIDAL EAR TAGS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 575–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-064.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments conducted on a ranch in southern Alberta evaluated the productivity of the cow-calf unit in breeding herds in response to treatment with pesticidal (8% fenvalerate wt/wt) ear tags to control infestations of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.). Optimum economic productivity was found to depend on the effectiveness of tags in establishing fly-free grazing (FFG) conditions and maintaining them without interruption during the complete summer grazing period. This was achieved when animals were tagged before the first overwintering horn flies emerged in spring. Present formulations of pesticide in tags will support the required FFG conditions for 85–90 d. Management of herds for maximum gains throughout the summer in southern Alberta requires fly control that will maintain FFG conditions for at least 115 d. Rates of gain in weight of animals under FFG conditions on dry range conformed with the 16% improvement in efficiency of production projected from controlled experiments on irrigated pastures. Key words: Cattle, cow-calf unit, flies, Haematobia irritans, ear tags, fenvalerate
21
Burns, James A., and Robert R. Young. "Pleistocene mammals of the Edmonton area, Alberta. Part I. The carnivores." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-036.
Full textAbstract:
Late Pleistocene fossils have been recovered sporadically in the Edmonton area, in central Alberta, for many years but there has been little work in determining their age. Fossils from quarries in North Saskatchewan River terraces and buried valley gravels are recognized as Late Pleistocene (mid-Wisconsinan) and early Holocene taxa, and numerous 14C dates on mammalian remains now support the assessment. The mammalian fauna consists of at least 16 taxa, including mostly grazing herbivores, but also three carnivores: Canis cf. Canis lupus (gray wolf), Arctodus simus (giant short-faced bear), and Panthera leo atrox (Pleistocene lion). The carnivores are first records for the region, and Arctodus is a first record for Alberta.
22
Donkor, N. T., J. V. Gedir, R. J. Hudson, E. W. Bork, D. S. Chanasyk, and M. A. Naeth. "Impacts of grazing systems on soil compaction and pasture production in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-008.
Full textAbstract:
Livestock trampling impacts have been assessed in many Alberta grassland ecosystems, but the impacts of animal trampling on Aspen Boreal ecosystems have not been documented. This study compared the effects of high intensity [4.16 animal unit month per ha (AUM) ha-1] short-duration grazing (SDG) versus moderate intensity (2.08 AUM ha-1) continuous grazing (CG) by wapiti (Cervus elaphus canadensis) on soil compaction as measured by bulk density at field moist condition (Dbf) and penetration resistance (PR). Herbage phytomass was also measured on grazed pastures and compared to an ungrazed control (UNG). The study was conducted at Edmonton, Alberta, on a Dark Gray Luvisolic soil of loam texture. Sampling was conducted in the spring and fall of 1997 and 1998. Soil cores were collected at 2.5-cm intervals to a depth of 15-cm for measurement of bulk density (Dbf) and moisture content. Penetration resistance to 15 cm at 2.5-cm intervals was measured with a hand-pushed cone penetrometer. The Dbf and PR of the top 10-cm of soil were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater by 15 and 17% under SDG than CG, respectively, by wapiti. Generally, Dbf in both grazing treatments decreased over winter at the 0-7.5 cm and 12.5-15 cm depths, suggesting that freeze-thaw cycles over the winter alleviated compaction. Soil water content under SDG was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than CG. Total standing crop and fallen litter were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in CG treatment than the SDG. The SDG treatment had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) less pasture herbage than CG areas in the spring (16%) and fall (26%) of 1997, and in the spring (22%) and fall (24%) of 1998, respectively. The SDG did not show any advantage over CG in improving soil physical characteristics and herbage production. Key Words: Bulk density, Cervus elaphus, moisture content, penetration resistance, pasture production
23
Gill, S. I., M. A. Naeth, D. S. Chanasyk, and V. S. Baron. "Runoff and sediment yield from snowmelt and rainfall as influenced by forage type and grazing intensity." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-067.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, there is interest in Western Canada in extending the grazing season using perennial and annual forages. Of greatest concern is the environmental sustainability of these grazing systems, with emphasis on their ability to withstand erosion. A study to examine the runoff and sediment yields of annual and perennial forages in central Alberta was initiated in 1994. Runoff and sediment yield were quantified under snowmelt and rainfall events for two seasons. Rainfall simulation was used to further examine runoff under growing season conditions. Four forage treatments (two annuals: triticale and a barley/triticale mixture and two perennials: smooth bromegrass and meadow bromegrass) and three grazing intensities (light, medium and heavy) were studied, each replicated four times. Total annual runoff was dominated by snowmelt. Generally runoff volumes, sediment yields, sediment ratios and runoff coefficients were all low. Bare ground increased with increasing grazing intensity and was significantly greater in annuals than perennials for all grazing intensities. Litter biomass decreased with increasing grazing intensity and was generally similar in all species for both years at heavy and medium grazing intensities. Results from the rainfall simulation corroborated those under natural rainfall conditions and generally indicated the sustainability of these grazing systems at this site. Key words: Forages, soil erosion, sustainability, rainfall simulation
24
Bueno, C., K. E. Ruckstuhl, N. Arrigo, A. N. Aivaz, and P. Neuhaus. "Impacts of cattle grazing on small-rodent communities: an experimental case study." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 1 (January 2012): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-108.
Full textAbstract:
We used experimental cattle ungrazed and grazed sites to evaluate what impact different intensities of cattle grazing have on deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845)) and meadow voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus (Ord, 1815)). Live-trapping of these small rodents was conducted on paired treatment plots (grazed and ungrazed) at Sheep River Provincial Park in southwestern Alberta, Canada. Before grazing started, both rodent species were equally abundant in either grazed or ungrazed sites. Introduction of grazing resulted in strong but differing responses by both rodent species. Deer mice had higher population density (measured as individual animals trapped) in the grazed than in ungrazed plots, but their body mass was negatively correlated with increasing grazing pressure. Meadow voles were more heavily affected by grazing, as a strong avoidance of cattle-grazed plots was observed already at low grazing intensity. In addition, cattle grazing had noticeable effects, impacting the survival, sex and age ratios, and the ectoparasite prevalence of these two rodent populations. We conclude that there are diverse and different levels of impact of cattle grazing on those two rodents, leading to much more complex species interactions than previously thought. We suggest that the presence or absence, density, and body condition of small mammals could be used as a tool for ecosystem health assessment.
25
Mapfumo, E., D. S. Chanasyk, and V. S. Baron. "Patterns and simulation of soil water under different grazing management systems in central Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, no. 5 (November 1, 2003): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-003.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted at the Lacombe Research Centre to quantify and simulate the impacts of forage and grazing systems on soil water content. Four forages used in the study were alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a mixture of meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius L.) and alfalfa, an annual pasture and an old grass pasture that was composed of mainly quackgrass (Elytrigia repens L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L .). Within each 1.2-ha paddock were two grazing treatments: rotational grazed and ungrazed. Soil water measurements to a 65-cm depth were conducted between May and October of 1999 and 2000 using a neutron moisture probe. Total soil water was affected by forage species more than grazing. Actual evapotranspiration rates were 3-4 mm d-1 in both years. Simulation of daily volumetric soil water content (%) for each year was conducted using the Versatile Soil Moisture Budget (VB2000) model on grazed alfalfa, ungrazed alfalfa, grazed annual and ungrazed annual treatments. During calibration year of 1999, the overall modeling efficiency (EF) was 0.58 while, during the evaluation year it was 0.43. Further, simulations for alfalfa were better than those for annual treatments. These EF values are relatively low indicating substantial discrepancies between observed and simulated results, which could have been attributed to a combination of input data errors, model errors and propagation errors in output. Key words: Evapotranspiration, forages, model calibration, model evaluation, versatile soil moisture budget model
26
Irving, Barry D., Pat L. Rutledge, Arthur W. Bailey, M. Anne Naeth, and David S. Chanasyk. "Grass Utilization and Grazing Distribution within Intensively Managed Fields in Central Alberta." Journal of Range Management 48, no. 4 (July 1995): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4002489.
Full text
27
Anne Naeth, M., and David S. Chanasyk. "RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT YIELD UNDER GRAZING IN FOOTHILLS FESCUE GRASSLANDS OF ALBERTA." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32, no. 1 (February 1996): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03436.x.
Full text
28
Kaufmann, Jillian, Edward W. Bork, Michael J. Alexander, and Peter V. Blenis. "Effects of open-range cattle grazing on deciduous tree regeneration, damage, and mortality following patch logging." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 7 (July 2014): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0131.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of summer cattle grazing on deciduous tree regeneration within uncut forests, clearcuts, partially harvested areas, and in-block haul road habitats was examined in four experimental pastures of central Alberta during 2008 and 2009. Sampling of 233 field plots, both inside and outside cattle exclosures, was used to document sapling densities, height, and type of damage. Tree densities (primarily aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)) differed among habitats but less so with exposure to cattle. Densities were greatest in clearcuts, followed by partially harvested areas and then uncut forest and haul roads. While exposure to cattle reduced total tree regeneration, sapling densities and sizes remained sufficient to meet postharvest standards for deciduous forest regeneration in Alberta, even with exposure to cattle. Cattle damage in harvested areas was primarily from browsing (≤3.2% of saplings), with proportionally more trees affected in uncut forests (8.6%). Browsing was particularly high on balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) (25%) during 2008. Although sapling damage increased with high cattle stocking in 2008 (to 10.5%), total mortality was limited to 15.5% through 2009. These findings show that despite cattle impacts to some saplings, damage levels were insufficient to alter deciduous regeneration, highlighting the compatibility of cattle grazing and sustainable forest management on public lands in this region.
29
May, K. W., W. D. Willms, Z. Mengli, and T. J. Lysyk. "An assessment of variation in Idaho fescue [Festuca idahoensis (Elmer)] in southern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-004.
Full textAbstract:
Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis Elmer) is a native grass species that has attracted interest for use in revegetation, reclamation and other applications. However, there is a serious shortage of commercially available seed and concern that germplasm used will not be adapted to the site. A component of adaptation is genetic variability that allows a species to occupy a greater range of environments. Field trials were conducted in southern Alberta to determine the genetic variability of phenotypic and performance characteristics among genotypes of Idaho fescue. Since grazing pressure may contribute to genetic selection and may therefore affect the variability within a population, we also compared genotypes taken from a heavily grazed paddock with those taken from a lightly grazed paddock. Forty-nine genotypes from three populations were randomly sampled in 1992, propagated vegetatively to produce plants for replicated trials and planted in four locations in 1993. Nine plant characteristics were observed from 1993 to 1997. Since the genotypes were grown in common environments, variation among them was assumed to be caused by genetic differences. All variables were affected (P < 0.05) by population, test location and year, while the effect of population was also influenced by test location and year for a few variables. While the Idaho fescue plants expressed differences (P < 0.05) among populations for all selected traits, they displayed considerable overlap in the range of values for all variables both within and among test locations. Therefore, while the populations may be different, individuals within populations exhibit common attributes over a large range. This suggests that sufficient genetic variability exists in all populations to allow successful establishment over a large range of environmental variability. Results from a secondary test suggest that selection pressure, induced by grazing, resulted in genotypes that were smaller in crown circumference, had less spring vigor, had shorter flowering tillers and produced less seed. However, this observation needs further validation with a more robust test. Key words: Morphology, genotypes, seed yield, winter kill, grazing response
30
Olson, Barry M., Andrea R. Kalischuk, Janna P. Casson, and Colleen A. Phelan. "Evaluation of cattle bedding and grazing BMPs in an agricultural watershed in Alberta." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.637.
Full textAbstract:
This paper highlights the environmental impacts of implementing beneficial management practices to address cattle bedding and direct access to the creek in a study watershed in southern Alberta, Canada. Approximately 35 cow–calf pairs grazed 194 ha of grass forage and had direct access to the creek in the spring and summer. During winter, the cattle were fed adjacent to the creek at an old bedding site. The practice changes included off-stream watering, bedding site relocation and fencing for rotational grazing. The cost was $15,225 and 60 h of labour. Four years of data were used in a before-and-after experimental design to evaluate the practice changes. After two years of post-implementation monitoring, riparian assessments showed an increase in plant diversity, but no change in the percent cover of the riparian species Salix exigua and Juncus balitus and a decrease in Carex sp. (P < 0.05). Water quality monitoring showed a decrease in the difference between upstream and downstream concentrations of total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and Escherichia coli (P < 0.10). These results showed that improved environmental changes in riparian and water quality can be measured following the implementation of beneficial management practices for cattle bedding and grazing.
31
Heiberg, Erika J., and Karen Lykke Syse. "Farming autonomy: Canadian beef farmers reclaiming the grass through management-intensive grazing practices." Organic Agriculture 10, no. 4 (May 1, 2020): 471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00291-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis qualitative study asks farmers in Alberta, Canada, what are their motivations for using a practice in beef production called management-intensive grazing (MIG). By adopting this practice, these farmers engage in strategies of diversification and co-production that increase the autonomy and resilience of their farms. MIG allows farmers to defy conventional agricultural practice and engage in what can be labelled a repeasantization process, a process that contributes to the discussion about conventional farming versus agroecology.
32
Miller, J. J., T. Curtis, D. S. Chanasyk, and W. D. Willms. "Influence of streambank fencing and river access for cattle on riparian zone soils adjacent to the Lower Little Bow River in southern Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94, no. 2 (May 2014): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-0981.
Full textAbstract:
Miller, J. J., Curtis, T., Chanasyk, D. S. and Willms, W. D. 2014. Influence of streambank fencing and river access for cattle on riparian zone soils adjacent to the Lower Little Bow River in southern Alberta, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 209–222. Cattle grazing in riparian pastures adjacent to rivers may increase soil compaction and increase soil nutrients, such as N and P. We conducted a 4-yr study with sampling in 3 yr (2009, 2010, 2012) of riparian zone soils adjacent to fenced and unfenced reaches of the Lower Little Bow River in southern Alberta. We examined the effect of grazing, access of cattle to the river (access versus no-access), and distance (0.25, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 m) from the river on surface soil bulk density, volumetric water content, NH4-N, NO3, and soil test P. Penetration depth was also measured in 2012. The three grazing treatments consisted of one fenced reach (ungrazed treatment), one unfenced and grazed reach with high cattle impact (high-impact grazed treatment), and one unfenced and grazed reach with low cattle impact (low-impact grazed treatment). We hypothesized that soil compaction would be greater, soil nutrients would be enriched, and soil water content would be lower for grazed compared with ungrazed treatments, and that this same trend would occur for access compared with no-access locations. The soil properties in our study were generally significantly (P≤0.05) influenced by grazing, access, and distance from the riverbank. However, treatment effects were generally dependent on two- or three-way interactions with the other factors. Soil bulk density in 2009 and 2012 was 8 to 20% greater at access compared with no-access locations within 2 m of the riverbank, suggesting soil compaction by cattle was confined close to the wetter riverbank soils. Most soil properties generally supported our hypothesis of greater soil compaction and nutrient enrichment for unfenced compared with fenced reaches, as well as for access compared with no-access locations. The exceptions were soil water content and soil test P results that did not support the grazing hypothesis, and soil water content and NH4-N results that did not support the cattle-access hypothesis.
33
Bao, Tan, Cameron N. Carlyle, Edward W. Bork, Marcus Becker, Mike J. Alexander, Craig DeMaere, Danielle Maia de Souza, et al. "Survey of cattle and pasture management practices on focal pastures in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 99, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2018-0110.
Full textAbstract:
A survey of Alberta beef producers was conducted at sites overlapping with a province-wide network of permanent biodiversity monitoring plots to characterize focal pastures and their management, including estimates of stocking rates. Overall, greater stocking rates were reported in the boreal compared with the parkland and grassland natural regions, coinciding with an increased reliance on tame forage on relatively small land areas of largely deeded land. Higher stocking rates were also associated with earlier starting dates of grazing in the season, higher mean annual precipitation, and lower mean annual temperature.
34
McCartney, D. H. "History of grazing research in the Aspen Parkland." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 73, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas93-079.
Full textAbstract:
The Aspen Parkland of western Canada constitutes a major portion of the agricultural areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, with 86% of the forage production and 66% of the beef cattle herd. Although some areas still exist in the natural state, most of the Parkland has been cleared of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) for farming. Introduced pasture species have been seeded, and bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago spp.) have been found to be the most productive. The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer has been shown to nearly triple forage production in the presence of adequate moisture and favorable temperatures. Straight nitrogen has resulted in a reduction of the proportion of alfalfa in a mixed sward. The severity and time of grazing have a marked effect on pasture productivity. Bush pastures can be renovated by using selective herbicides, fire and controlled grazing to manage woody brush regrowth or by sod seeding of alfalfa in the depleted stands. Spring-seeded winter cereals can be grazed throughout the growing season or as part of a grazing rotation with perennial forages by extending the grazing season in the fall. Key words: Aspen Parkland, pasture, forage, research, review
35
Bittman, S., and D. H. McCartney. "Evaluating alfalfa cultivars and germplasms for pastures using the mob-grazing technique." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-019.
Full textAbstract:
There is growing evidence that alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. sensu lato) germplasms that perform well in trials that are mechanically clipped may not persist well under grazing. This trial assessed the persistence of nine alfalfa germplasms under grazing over a period of 4 yr in northeast Saskatchewan. The germplasms included registered cultivars and experimental strains of M. sativa ssp. media Pers. and M. sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcang. with a range of growth habits and winterhardiness. Each paddock was seeded with all entries in mixture with smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and grazed repeatedly for 1- to 2-d periods, using high stocking rates, to ensure that all entries were grazed uniformly. Three grazing intensities — light, moderate and intense — were set by varying the rest period between grazings. Ground cover of all the currently recommended alfalfa cultivars of the media ssp. declined during the trial; the germplasms of falcata ssp. increased; and two media ssp. strains from northern Alberta maintained fairly constant ground cover. Grazing intensity affected rate of stand decline but not final ranking of germplasms, so there was no grazing × germplasm interaction. Seeded and volunteer smooth bromegrass maintained better stands under light than intense grazing, whereas volunteer bluegrass (Poa spp.) performed better under intense grazing. Ground cover of alfalfa germplasms was generally correlated with their annual yield and proportion of total dry matter yield. The results suggest that falcata germplasms should be included in seed mixes for long-term pastures and that mob grazing be used to assess the persistence of alfalfa germplasms before they are recommended for use in pastures. Key words:Medicago sativa L., Medicago sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcang., persistence, grazing tolerance.
36
Twerdoff, D. A., D. S. Chanasyk, M. A. Naeth, V. S. Baron, and E. Mapfumo. "Soil water regimes of rotationally grazed perennial and annual forages." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-027.
Full textAbstract:
To maintain a sustainable agricultural system, management practices such as grazing must ensure adequate soil water for plant growth, yet minimize the risk of soil erosion. The objective of this study was to characterize the soil water regime of perennial and annual forages under three grazing intensities (heavy, medium and light). The study was conducted at the Lacombe Research Station, Alberta, on an Orthic Black Chernozem of loam to silt loam texture. The forages used were smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L. 'Carlton'), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius L. 'Paddock'), a mixture of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack 'Pika') and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'AC Lacombe') and triticale. Soil water measurements were conducted between April and October of 1994 and 1995 using a neutron scattering hydroprobe to a depth of 90 cm. Surface (0–7.5 cm) soil water was more responsive to grazing intensity than soil water accumulated to various depths. For all grazing treatments and forages, both surface soil water and accumulated soil water generally fluctuated between field capacity and wilting point during the growing season. Although plant water status was not determined, no visual permanent wilting of forages was observed during the study. Differences in evapotranspiration (ET), as determined by differences in soil water were evident among forage species but not grazing intensities, with perennials having high ET in spring and annuals having high ET in summer. Estimated values of water-use efficiency (WUE) were greater for perennials than for annuals and grazing effects on WUE were minimal. From a management perspective, grazing of annuals and perennials altered soil water dynamics but still maintained adequate soil water for plant growth. Key words: Evapotranspiration, forages, grazing intensity, water-use efficiency
37
Lollini, Massimo. "Sardinia: the ‘Greatest Poem’ and its Maritime Face // Sardinia: El 'mayor poema' y su rostro marítimo." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2013): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2013.4.2.530.
Full textAbstract:
The Mediterranean Sea contributes to the vital rediscovery of meaning advocated by Giambattista Vico’s poetic geography and Sardinian writers search for roots by interjecting a sense of movement in the otherwise immobile Sardinian landscape. First, we see this feature at work in Grazia Deledda’s Cosima and Salvatore Satta’s Il giorno del giudizio. In their novels the movement of the landscape still concretizes in what Deleuze and Guattari call “faciality” (visageité). This characteristic tends to vanish in the writers of the younger generations. In Alberto Capitta’s Creaturine, Giulia Clarkson’s La città d’acqua and Marcello Fois’s Nel tempo di mezzo the “faciality” of the landscape tends to disappear, wrecked by violent history or submerged in a sort of Heraclitean flow of things. Finally, in Giulio Angioni’s Il mare intorno the sea recovers its double and contradictory nature of agent of both isolation and communication. Resumen El mar Mediterráneo contribuye al vital redescubrimiento del significado que promueve la geografía poética de Giambattista Vico y escritores de Sardinia buscan las raíces de los incorporarando una sensación de movimiento en el paisaje de Sardinia, de otra manera, inmóvil. Primero, vemos este aspecto en funcionamiento en Cosima de Grazia Deledda y Il giorno del giudizio de Salvatore Satta. En sus novelas, el movimiento del paisaje todavía condensa lo que Deleuze y Guattari llaman “facialidad” (visageité). Esta característica tiende a desvanecerse en los escritores de generaciones más jóvenes. En Creaturine de Alberto Capitta, La città d’acqua de Giulia Clarkson y Nel tempo di mezzo de Marcello Fois, la “facialidad” del paisaje tiende a desaparecer, destrozado por una historia violenta o sumergida en una especia de flujo heraclitáneo de las cosas. Finalmente, en Il mare intorno de Guilo Angioni, el mar recobra su naturaleza contradictoria y doble de agente de aislamiento así como de comunicación.
38
Baron, V. S., H. G. Najda, D. H. McCartney, M. Bjorge, and G. W. Lastiwka. "Winter weathering effects on corn grown for grazing in a short-season area." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-202.
Full textAbstract:
Winter grazing can reduce over-winter feeding costs of beef cows and, recently, the selection and marketing of corn (Zea mays L.) varieties for grazing has increased the interest of Alberta beef producers. The objective of this study was to compare grazing corn varieties with early conventional corn hybrids for winter grazing potential. Five corn varieties (one grazing, one short-stature and three conventional types) were compared for whole-plant yield and forage quality at Lacombe and Brooks, AB, at four harvest times (two in September, one in December and one in January), in each of 2 yr. Forage quality analyses were in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) and crude protein concentration. Averaged over varieties and years, yield decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by 13% between September and January at Lacombe, and by 39 and 16% at Brooks in 1999 and 2000, respectively. At Brooks, yield losses from September to January, averaged over years were 38 to 18% for a grazing and a conventional variety, respectively. At Lacombe, IVDOM concentration declined (P ≤ 0.05) by 6.3 and 3.6% between September and January during 1999 and 2000, respectively; NDF concentration increased (P ≤ 0.05) by 10% over the same interval for both years. At Lacombe there were no differences among varieties for nutritive value by January harvests. Trends for reduced forage quality with harvest were not clear at Brooks but the grazing-type variety had higher (P ≤ 0.05) NDF and ADF concentrations than the other varieties after the first harvest. In general, projected energy and crude protein concentrations of corn during winter exceeded minimum requirements an were adequate, respectively, for non-lactating, pregnant beef cows. Grazing and short stature corn varieties were not superior to early conventional corn genotypes for winter grazing potential. Thus, choice of variety for winter grazing should be made on the basis of cost of production and early maturity. Key words: Weathering, corn, Zea mays L., nutritive value, yield loss, winter grazing potential
39
Mengli, Z., W. D. Willms, H. Bing, and A. Laroche. "Effects of heavy grazing pressure on the random amplified polymorphic DNA marker diversity of mountain rough fescue (Festuca campestris Rydb.) in south western Alberta." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-173.
Full textAbstract:
The Fescue Grassland is found in the western portion of the Northern Great Plains in Canada. Grazing and cultivation threaten this grassland, and a better understanding of its character is needed to preserve its integrity. Mountain rough fescue is highly sensitive to grazing during the growing season, which results in smaller plants and the death of some. The death of plants suggests the potential loss of genetic diversity. Therefore, we compared the genetic diversity of mountain rough fescue plants from sites in south western Alberta (50°12′N, 113°54′W) that had either been heavily grazed by livestock or left ungrazed for 52 yr to determine if grazing pressure had affected their genetic composition. Thirty-four and 43 plants were sampled in the spring of 2001 from very heavily grazed and ungrazed subpopulations, respectively, and their DNA was analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Of the 15 primers used, 12 generated an average of seven polymorphic loci each. Ten loci were present at a frequency of 0.10 or less in the heavily grazed subpopulation and six in the ungrazed subpopulation. RAPD marker diversity between the heavily grazed and ungrazed subpopulations of mountain rough fescue was mainly the result of frequency differences (P < 0.05) produced by 20% of the total markers that were examined, while the subpopulations accounted for only 4.37% of total heterozygosity. Therefore, grazing affected frequency of some markers but did not eliminate genes that may be linked with grazing sensitivity or tolerance. Lack of clear genetic segregation between the subpopulations might be caused by a high gene flow (Nm = 10.92). This mechanism requires further testing in order to prescribe a suitable management response for restoring overgrazed grasslands. Key words: RAPD frequency, F-statistics, genetic identity, genetic distance, gene flow
40
HUDSON, R. J., and J. Z. ADAMCZEWSKI. "EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTING SUMMER RANGES ON LACTATION AND GROWTH OF WAPITI (Cervus elaphus)." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-067.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of nutritional supplementation with alfalfa-barley pellets (approximately 11 MJ ME kg DM−1) on milk production of wapiti hinds and growth of their calves was studied from birth in late May and early June until weaning in mid-September on aspen parkland ranges in central Alberta. Although supplemented hinds produced more milk at peak lactation (1080 vs. 883 g per nursing bout, P = 0.04) and may have gained slightly more weight (359 vs. 187 g d−1, P = 0.08) before the rut than their unsupplemented counterparts, growth of calves (870 g d−1) was unaffected by the nutritional treatment. Unsupplemented calves grazed more than supplemented calves (59 vs. 36% of the active period, P = 0.00) and this may have compensated for lower milk consumption. Supplemented hinds spent progressively less time grazing than unsupplemented hinds throughout the summer. This trial suggests that there are few benefits of supplementing lactating wapiti on appropriately-stocked parkland ranges in central Alberta during summer. Key words: Game farming, lactation, calves, growth, wapiti, elk
41
Acharya, S. N. "AAC Glenview sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoila subsp. viciifolia)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 98, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 980–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0331.
Full textAbstract:
AAC Glenview sainfoin, tested as LRC 4342, was developed by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta. This cultivar was derived from parental clones selected for improved forage yield in mixed stands with alfalfa under grazing and regrowth after grazing. When grown under irrigated and rainfed conditions in western Canada, Glenview out yielded Nova (check) by 21% in pure stands over 37 location–years and 19% in mixed stands with alfalfa over 17 location–years. This cultivar flowers and matures about 8 d earlier than Nova and has slightly larger seed than Nova (24.7 g 1000 seeds−1 vs 20 g 1000 seeds−1). It can be grown for hay and pasture in pure stands but Glenview is well suited for mixed sainfoin–alfalfa stands. Breeder seed for the cultivar will be produced by AAFC and the multiplication and distribution rights were awarded to Monarch Feeders Ltd., Monarch, AB, Canada.
42
Pyle, Lysandra A., Linda M. Hall, and Edward W. Bork. "Soil properties in northern temperate pastures do not vary with management practices and are independent of rangeland health." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0076.
Full textAbstract:
Studies examining the influence of disturbance and management history on pasture soils across a large sampling area are uncommon. We report on the soil properties found in 102 northern temperate pastures sampled in central Alberta, Canada, and relate these attributes to ongoing pasture management practices compiled from producer surveys and aboveground measures of rangeland health (RH). Tame pastures, typically seeded to introduced forages, were associated with higher soil fertility (total carbon, nitrogen, and organic matter) than semi-native grasslands, which were associated with coarse-textured soils. Soil properties remained independent of most grazing and pasture management practices, including the grazing systems, class of livestock, fertilization, and stocking rate. However, manure application, often combined with harrowing, was associated with improved soil fertility and increased electrical conductivity (salinity). Soils with a fire history reported by land managers, largely in the Boreal natural region, were characterized by a greater soil C:N ratio. Soil surface properties (litter cover, litter depth, and bare soil) were responsive to grazing management, with growing season and year-round grazing associated with a thinner litter layer having less cover, and bare ground twice as high under continuous grazing compared with pastures rotationally grazed. Further, variation in soil surface cover was associated with contrasting RH classes (healthy, healthy with problems, and unhealthy), whereas soil attributes remained unrelated to RH. This study demonstrates that soils within these northern temperate grasslands are relatively insensitive to many pasture management practices, and highlights that existing RH assessments may provide limited insight into differences in mineral soil properties.
43
Twerdoff, D. A., D. S. Chanasyk, E. Mapfumo, M. A. Naeth, and V. S. Baron. "Impacts of forage grazing and cultivation on near-surface relative compaction." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-076.
Full textAbstract:
The study was conducted at the Lacombe Research Station, Alberta, on an Orthic Black Chernozem of loam to silt loam texture to investigate grazing impacts and cultivation on near-surface soil compaction. Four forages, smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss 'Carlton'), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rhem 'Paddock'), a mixture of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack 'Pika') and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. AC Lacombe), and triticale were used for the study. Each forage species was subjected to heavy, medium and light intensity grazing. Measurements of bulk density and volumetric moisture content for the 0- to 10-cm depth interval were conducted using a surface moisture-density probe between spring 1994 and fall 1996. Relative compaction was calculated as the actual bulk density expressed as a percentage of the Proctor maximum density. Relative compaction values for all treatments and that for the benchmark were less than 90%, which is considered critical for limiting plant growth. Cultivation reduced bulk density under annual forages by only 3% and lowered it under heavy grazed annual treatments most. Regression analysis conducted on the dependence of bulk density to cumulative cow-days indicated a curvilinear relationship. Bulk density increased more rapidly with increasing cumulative cow-days for annuals compared to perennials. From a management perspective, adopting intensive rotational grazing systems for perennial and annual forages may not cause any serious surface compaction problems for soils in this area. Key words: Annuals, bulk density, cow-days, grazing intensity, perennials, volumetric moisture content
44
Willms, Walter D., and Joanna Fraser. "Growth characteristics of rough fescue (Festuca scabrella var. campestris) after three years of repeated harvesting at scheduled frequencies and heights." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-264.
Full textAbstract:
A study was made in the rough fescue grasslands of southwestern Alberta to determine the growth response of rough fescue (Festuca scabrella var. campestris Rydb.) to five cutting frequencies and three cutting heights after 3 years of repeated treatments. The same plants were cut either 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 times over a 16-week period beginning in mid-May, at 16-, 8-, 4-, 2-, or 1-week intervals, respectively, and at heights of either 5, 10, or 15 cm above ground level. After 3 years of repeated treatment, dry matter yields, etiolated growth, tiller height, tiller number, and growth rate decreased with increased cutting frequency and decreased cutting height. A single harvest at the end of August, cut at a height of 15 cm, produced yields that were similar to previously undisturbed plants. This treatment also produced the maximum sustainable forage yields. The study confirms the high susceptibility of rough fescue to grazing during the growing season and indicates that optimum management should include dormant-season grazing. Key words: defoliation, forage yield, regrowth, etiolated growth, tillers.
45
RGI, Redazione. "Informazione bibliografica." RIVISTA GEOGRAFICA ITALIANA, no. 2 (May 2022): 127–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rgioa2-2022oa13807.
Full textAbstract:
Danny Dorling, Rallentare. La fine della grande accelerazione e perché è un bene (Daniele Vignoli) Veronica della Dora, The mantle of the Earth. Genealogies of a geographical metaphor (Laura Lo Presti) Telmo Pievani, Mauro Varotto, Viaggio nell'Italia dell'Antropocene. La geografia visionaria del nostro futuro (Eleonora Guadagno) Enzo Pranzini, Granelli di sabbia. Una guida per camminare sul bordo del mare (Leonardo Rombai) Giada Peterle, La geografia spiegata ai bambini. Le avventure spaziali di Alex e il signor Globo (Marcella Terrusi) Roberta Cevasco, Carlo Alberto Gemignani, Daniela Poli, Luisa Rossi, a cura di, Il pensiero critico fra geografia e scienza del territorio. Scritti su Massimo Quaini (Floriana Galluccio) Michela Lazzeroni, Monica Morazzoni, a cura di, Interpretare la quarta rivoluzione industriale. La geografia in dialogo con le altre discipline (Teresa Graziano) Claudio Calveri, Pier Luigi Sacco, La trasformazione digitale della cultura (Federica Epifani) Silvia E. Piovan, The geohistorical approach. Methods and applications (Arturo Gallia) Franco Cazzola, Uomini e fiumi. Per una storia idraulica ed agraria della bassa pianura del Po (1450-1620) (Matteo Proto) Paolo Molinari, Living in Milan. Housing policies, austerity and urban regeneration (Giacomo Zanolin)
46
Mapfumo, E., D. S. Chanasyk, M. A. Naeth, and V. S. Baron. "Soil compaction under grazing of annual and perennial forages." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-100.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the impact of heavy, medium and light grazing of meadow bromegrass an triticale on soil bulk density, relative compaction and penetration resistance. The study was conducted at Lacombe, Alberta, on a Orthic Black Chernozem of loam to silt loam texture. Sampling was conducted in fall 1995, spring 1996, fall 1996 and spring 1997. Core samples to a 15-cm depth were collected for measurement of bulk density and moisture content. Penetration resistance to 15 cm was measured with a hand-pushed cone penetrometer. The standard Proctor test was used to determine maximum bulk density. Relative compaction was the ratio of actual bulk density to the Proctor maximum bulk density expressed as a percentage. Surface (0–2.5 cm) bulk density and penetration resistance were significantly greater under heavily grazed than under medium and lightly grazed meadow bromegrass only for fall 1995. Differences in bulk density, relative compaction and penetration resistance for different grazing intensities in spring and fall 1996 and spring 1997 were either small or not significant. Generally, bulk density decreased over winter in the top 2.5 cm, was not consistent in the 5- to 10-cm depth interval and did not change in the 10- to 15-cm interval. Except in fall 1995, the relative compaction values for all grazing intensities and forage species were less than 90%, a value considered critical for plant growth. Generally, within each grazing level, there were minimal differences in bulk density, relative compaction and penetration resistance under triticale compared to those under meadow bromegrass. Key words: Bulk density, relative compaction, penetration resistance
47
Shrestha, Bharat M., Edward W. Bork, Scott X. Chang, Cameron N. Carlyle, Zilong Ma, Timm F. Döbert, Dauren Kaliaskar, and Mark S. Boyce. "Adaptive Multi-Paddock Grazing Lowers Soil Greenhouse Gas Emission Potential by Altering Extracellular Enzyme Activity." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111781.
Full textAbstract:
Adaptive multi-paddock (AMP) grazing is a form of rotational grazing in which small paddocks are grazed with high densities of livestock for short periods, with long recovery periods prior to regrazing. We compared the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), from soils of AMP-grazed grasslands to paired neighboring non-AMP-grazed grasslands across a climatic gradient in Alberta, Canada. We further tested GHG responses to changes in temperature (5 °C vs. 25 °C) and moisture levels (permanent wilting point (PWP), 40% of field capacity (0.4FC), or field capacity (FC)) in a 102-day laboratory incubation experiment. Extracellular enzyme activities (EEA), microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), and available-N were also measured on days 1, 13, and 102 of the incubation to evaluate biological associations with GHGs. The 102-day cumulative fluxes of CO2, N2O, and CH4 were affected by both temperature and moisture content (p < 0.001). While cumulative fluxes of N2O were independent of the grazing system, CH4 uptake was 1.5 times greater in soils from AMP-grazed than non-AMP-grazed grasslands (p < 0.001). There was an interaction of the grazing system by temperature (p < 0.05) on CO2 flux, with AMP soils emitting 17% more CO2 than non-AMP soils at 5 °C, but 18% less at 25 °C. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of CO2 fluxes increased with soil moisture level (i.e., PWP < 0.4FC ≤ FC). Structural equation modelling indicated that the grazing system had no direct effect on CO2 or N2O fluxes, but had an effect on CH4 fluxes on days 1 and 13, indicating that CH4 uptake increased in association with AMP grazing. Increasing soil moisture level increased fluxes of GHGs—directly and indirectly—by influencing EEAs. Irrespective of the grazing system, the MBC was an indirect driver of CO2 emissions and CH4 uptake through its effects on soil EEAs. The relationships of N-acetyl-β glucosaminidase and β-glucosidase to N2O fluxes were subtle on day 1, and independent thereafter. AMP grazing indirectly affected N2O fluxes by influencing N-acetyl-β glucosaminidase on day 13. We conclude that AMP grazing has the potential to mitigate the impact of a warmer soil on GHG emissions by consuming more CH4 compared to non-AMP grazing in northern temperate grasslands, presumably by altering biogeochemical properties and processes.
48
Kennedy, Murray J. "Prevalence of Eyeworms (Nematoda: Thelazioidea) in Beef Cattle Grazing Different Range Pasture Zones in Alberta, Canada." Journal of Parasitology 79, no. 6 (December 1993): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3283723.
Full text
49
Baron, Vern S., Raquel R. Doce, John Basarab, and Campbell Dick. "Swath grazing triticale and corn compared to barley and a traditional winter feeding method in central Alberta." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 7 (September 2014): 1125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-412.
Full textAbstract:
Baron, V. S., Doce, R. R., Basarab, J. and Dick, C. 2014. Swath-grazing triticale and corn compared to barley and a traditional winter feeding method in central Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1125–1137. A 5-yr study compared swath-grazed triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack), corn (Zea mays L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with a traditional pen-fed, wintering diet for gestating beef cows on the basis of dry matter (DM) yield, carrying capacity, nutritive value, cow performance and total daily feeding cost. Cows (690±70 kg BW) were fed a control total mixed ration (TMR) or allocated to swath-grazed treatments in 2.5-ha paddocks. Triticale yielded 15% more than corn and corn 32% more than barley. Carrying capacity of triticale (1145 cow-d ha−1) and corn (1004 cow-d ha−1) were similar and both were greater (P<0.05) than control (516 cow-d ha−1) and barley (554 cow-d ha−1). Average utilization for triticale (83.7%) was greater (P<0.05) than corn (74.7%) and barley (71.7%). In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) for corn was highest (682 g kg−1), followed by triticale (620 g kg−1), then barley (570 g kg−1) and the control TMR (571 g kg−1). Average cow mean body condition score (BCS) was higher (P<0.05) for triticale and corn (3.0) than barley (2.9), but lower than the control (3.1). Thus, cow reproductive performance should not be compromised by swath grazing. Total daily feeding costs, averaged over years, ranked (P<0.05) triticale ($0.78 cow-d−1)<corn ($1.05 cow-d−1)<barley ($1.24 cow-d−1)<control ($1.98 cow-d−1).
50
Bradshaw, D. L., D. S. Chanasyk, V. S. Baron, and M. A. Naeth. "Soil water regimes of annual and perennial forages during drought years in the Aspen Parkland ecoregion of Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 87, no. 5 (November 1, 2007): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss07007.
Full textAbstract:
Periodic and prolonged drought can be devastating to pasture production, which increases the financial risk for grazing enterprises. A study was conducted during 2 drought years (2002 and 2003) in the aspen parkland at Lacombe, Alberta, Canada, to compare the soil water regime of meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rhem.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and annual [oat (Avena sativa L.) and winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack)] pastures with a naturalized, old grass pasture consisting of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa partensis L.). The pasture soil was an Orthic Black Chernozem of fine sandy loam to loam texture. Soil water measurements were conducted between May and October over 2 yr using a neutron scattering hydroprobe to a depth of 1.6 m. Annual and meadow bromegrass had similar and highest cumulative and volumetric water contents and old grass had the lowest. All pastures tended to use all water available by the end of the season, but annual pasture had higher soil water in spring and early summer due to delayed canopy development. Soil in the upper 40 cm of annual and meadow bromegrass pastures was at wilting point 5 to 10% of all measurement times compared with 65 to 71% of measurement times for alfalfa and old grass. Annual and meadow bromegrass pastures did not extract water below 1.2 m, while the other pastures did, and on the basis of soil water regimes, appear to be lower risk options than status quo old grass and alfalfa pastures during drought. Key words: Soil water, forages, rotational grazing, drought, wilting point, field capacity