Academic literature on the topic 'Albert Methol Ferre'

Durante buena parte de los últimos 500 años, católicos y protestantes han vivido ajenos unos de otros, cuando no llenos de mutua hostilidad. No obstante, un cambio profundo se operó con el Concilio Vaticano II. El pensador latinoamericano contemporáneo Alberto Methol Ferré considera que la Iglesia católica se había colocado, inicialmente, a la defensiva frente a dos grandes desafíos de la Modernidad –la Reforma y la Ilustración–, pero modificó su postura a partir del Vaticano II, asumiendo lo más valioso de ambas tradiciones. En este artículo se analizará la tesis de Methol Ferré para el caso de la Reforma Protestante, en especial en los temas referidos a la Iglesia y el bautismo, el laicado y al sacerdocio común de los fieles.

The low carbon steels, used for the production of car bodies by deep drawing, are gradually substituted by high strength steels for vehicle weight reduction. The drawn car body components are joined by welding and the welded points undergo a reduction of the local tensile strength. In developing an accurate welding process model, able to optimized process parameters and to predict the final local microstructure, a significant improvement can be given by the knowledge of the welded steels thermal diffusivity at different temperatures. The laser-flash method has been used to compare the thermal diffusivity of two traditional deep drawing steels, two high strength steels already in common usage, i.e. a Dual Phase (DP) steel and a TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel, and one experimental high-Mn austenitic TWIP (Twinning Induced Plasticity) steel. The low carbon steels, at low temperatures, have a thermal diffusivity that is 4-5 times larger than the TWIP steel. Their thermal diffusivity decreases by increasing temperature while the TWIP steel shows an opposite behaviour, albeit with a lesser slope, so that above 700°C the TWIP thermal diffusivity is larger. The different behaviour of the TWIP steel in respect to the ferritic deep drawing steels arises from its non ferro-magnetic austenitic structure. The DP and TRIP steels show intermediate values, their diffusivity being lower than that of the traditional deep drawing steels; this latter fact probably arises from their higher alloy content and more complex microstructure.

Abstract. The Colorado River provides water to 40 million people in seven western states and two countries and to 5.5 million irrigated acres. The river has long been overallocated. Climate models project runoff losses of 5–20% from the basin by mid-21st century due to human-induced climate change. Recent work has shown that decreased snow albedo from anthropogenic dust loading to the CO mountains shortens the duration of snow cover by several weeks relative to conditions prior to western expansion of the US in the mid-1800s, and advances peak runoff at Lees Ferry, Arizona, by an average of 3 weeks. Increases in evapotranspiration from earlier exposure of soils and germination of plants have been estimated to decrease annual runoff by more than 1.0 billion cubic meters, or ~5% of the annual average. This prior work was based on observed dust loadings during 2005–2008; however, 2009 and 2010 saw unprecedented levels of dust loading on snowpacks in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), being on the order of 5 times the 2005–2008 loading. Building on our prior work, we developed a new snow albedo decay parameterization based on observations in 2009/10 to mimic the radiative forcing of extreme dust deposition. We convolve low, moderate, and extreme dust/snow albedos with both historic climate forcing and two future climate scenarios via a delta method perturbation of historic records. Compared to moderate dust, extreme dust absorbs 2× to 4× the solar radiation, and shifts peak snowmelt an additional 3 weeks earlier to a total of 6 weeks earlier than pre-disturbance. The extreme dust scenario reduces annual flow volume an additional 1% (6% compared to pre-disturbance), a smaller difference than from low to moderate dust scenarios due to melt season shifting into a season of lower evaporative demand. The sensitivity of flow timing to dust radiative forcing of snow albedo is maintained under future climate scenarios, but the sensitivity of flow volume reductions decreases with increased climate forcing. These results have implications for water management and suggest that dust abatement efforts could be an important component of any climate adaptation strategies in the UCRB.

Abstract. The Colorado River provides water to 40 million people in seven states and two countries and to 5.5 million irrigated acres. The river has long been overallocated. Climate models project runoff losses of 5–20% from the basin by mid-21st century due to human-induced climate change. Recent work has shown that decreased snow albedo from anthropogenic dust loading to the CO mountains shortens the duration of snow cover by several weeks relative to conditions prior to white settlement of the western US, and advances peak runoff at Lees Ferry, Arizona by an average of 3 weeks. Increases in evapotranspiration from earlier exposure of soils and germination of plants have been estimated to decrease annual runoff by more than 1.0 billion cubic meters or ~ 5% of the annual average. This prior work was based on observed dust loadings during 2005–2008; however, 2009 and 2010 saw unprecedented levels of dust loading on snowpacks in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), being on the order of 5 times the 2005–2008 loading. Building on our prior work, we developed a new snow albedo decay parameterization based on observations in 2009/2010 to mimic the radiative forcing of extreme dust deposition. We convolve low, moderate, and extreme dust/snow albedos with both historic climate forcing and two future climate scenarios via a delta method perturbation of historic records. Compared to moderate dust, extreme dust absorbs 2 × to 4 × the solar radiation, and shifts peak snowmelt an additional 3 weeks earlier to a total of 6 weeks earlier than pre-disturbance. The extreme dust scenario reduces annual flow volume an additional 1% (6% compared to pre-disturbance), a smaller difference than from low to moderate due to melt season shifting into a season of lower evaporative demand. The sensitivity of flow timing to dust radiative forcing of snow albedo is maintained under future climate scenarios, but the sensitivity of flow volume reductions decreases with increased climate forcing. These results have implications for water management and suggest that dust abatement efforts could be an important component of any climate adaptation strategies in the UCRB.

In the context of the growing political instability and deepening economic crisis in Uruguay during the 1960s and early 1970s, the thesis examines two propositions. The first is that politically informed intellectuals, though disaffected or marginalised, will integrate themselves into the political mainstream if circumstances demand and a suitable vehicle allows them to participate usefully in the political process. The second is that, in the Uruguayan case, an expanded notion of dialogue is essential in analysing how this was accomplished, partly because the idea of dialogue was a necessary part of how they worked together and communicated with their public, and partly because dialogue was seen as a crucial element in reforming the nation and as the basis of the relationship between the political party that was to be the agent of such reform and its potential constituency. The thesis begins by examining how the so-called 1945 and 1960s generations overcame intergenerational squabbles and worked together, with the help of an expanding publishing industry, to create a public for their meditations on Uruguay's problems. Then, after briefly outlining the importance of dialogue to the essay as a genre and its role in developing national identity in Latin America, the study examines essays on the state of Uruguay by four major writers in the 1960s: Roberto Ares Pons, Alberto Methol Ferr??, Carlos Maggi and Washington Lockhart. The thesis then traces the intelligentsia's role in the several attempts to heal the rifts within the Uruguayan left and in the formation of the centre left coalition, the Frente Amplio, in 1971, to show how the notion of dialogue was incorporated into its structure, mode of operation and political program. The final section, a case study of Mario Benedetti's political activities and propagandist essays of 1971-1973, examines the contradictions of working as a committed intellectual when the very conditions necessary for intellectual life are breaking down. The thesis concludes that the resurrection of the nation as a site for dialogue with and among all members of society, a project in which the intelligentsia had enthusiastically participated, foundered because drastic political polarisation permitted only one militarist and monologic solution.

Escherichia coli possède une grande plasticité génomique comme en témoigne la diversité des souches à l’intérieur de cette espèce bactérienne. Bien que la majorité des souches soient inoffensives ou à tout le moins opportunistes, plusieurs ont acquis des facteurs de virulence spécifiques leur procurant un pouvoir pathogénique. Les souches pathogènes comme E. coli O157 :H7 sont responsables de cas de morbidité, mortalité et pertes économiques importantes dans l’industrie agro-alimentaire dans le monde entier. L’évolution bactérienne est un mécanisme continuel qui se fait via l’échange d’éléments génétiques mobiles, de mutations ponctuelles et autres réarrangements génétiques. Ces changements génétiques peuvent procurer des avantages sélectifs permettant une adaptation bactérienne rapide face aux stress et changements environnementaux et favorisant le développement de pathogènes émergents. Dans la première partie de ce projet, nous avons étudié la région intergénique mutS-rpoS, qui est une des plus grandes sources de polymorphisme chromosomique chez les entérobactéries. Notre analyse génomique comparative a permis de confirmer le polymorphisme à l’intérieur même d’un ensemble de souches Escherichia spp., Salmonella spp. et Shigella spp. De plus, nous avons pu confirmer que certains types de polymorphismes dans la région mutS-rpoS étaient fortement associés à certains types de pathogènes chez E. coli. Dans notre analyse, nous avons ressorti un groupe de gènes à l’intérieur de la région mutS-rpoS qui pourraient sevir comme marqueur chromosomique intéressant pour les E. coli extra-intestinaux (ExPEC), un groupe comprennant des souches hautement pathogènes et difficiles à définir par les tests actuelllement disponibles. Dans notre analyse bio-informatique, nous avons isolé ce groupe de gènes associé aux ExPEC et nous l’avons caractérisé in sillico. Nous avons également inclus dans l’analyse deux souches hypermutables du genre Escherichia spp. de notre collection, isolées d’animaux de ferme. L’hypermutabilité ou la capacité d’acquérir des mutations plus rapidement que la normale accélère le processus d’évolution et la capacité d’adaptation de ces souches. La région mutS-rpoS est reliée au système de réparation de l’ADN bactérien (MMRS) et pourrait être impliquée dans l’apparition du phénotype d’hypermutabilité. Durant les dernières années, de plus en plus d’espèces du genre Escherichia ont été isolées de cas cliniques d’animaux et d’humains. Ces souches atypiques ont un potentiel de virulence très élevé, des combinaisons de gènes de virulence et des variants génétiques différents des souches typiques, et certaines souches ont même évolué en tant que pathogènes. Les souches de l’espèce E. albertii ont été isolées récemment et ont un grand potentiel de virulence autant chez les humains que chez les oiseaux. Ces souches sont souvent confondues avec d’autres organismes pathogènes comme E. coli dans les tests biochimiques, et le manque de connaissances sur E. albertii rend son identification difficile. Dans la deuxième partie de ce projet, nous avons identifié des gènes spécifiques aux souches d’E. albertii ainsi que des gènes de virulence présents chez E. albertii par comparaisons génomiques, ce qui a permis de développer et optimiser un test PCR (réaction en chaîne par polymérase) visant l’identification génomique rapide et fiable d’E. albertii.