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Journal articles on the topic 'Albania – History – 19th century'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Shumka, Spase. "Checklist of rotifer species from Albania (phylum Rotifera)." Opuscula Zoologica 52, no. 1 (2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18348/opzool.2021.1.99.

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The checklist of Rotifera species recorded for Albanian inland waters and its neighboring regions is provided. A total of 140 species of bdelloids and monogononts, with representatives of 38 genera are listed. The history of rotifer surveys as a component of zooplankton in Albania started at the end of 19th century. Mostly they were taxonomic and descriptive ones, while later on after the mid 20th century appeared the systematic approaches emphasizing the particularities and richness of zooplankton in specific karstic Mediterranean ecosystems. In this article 140 taxa of bdelloids and monogononts representing 39 genera are reported.

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2

Brestovci, Meliha, Durim Abdullahu, and Faik Sahiti. "On British travelers in Albania from the Georgian era to Edwardian era: Studies and travelogue." Balkanistic Forum 31, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i2.16.

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This paper is a summary of the tradition of British travelers in Albania during the 19th century until the First World War. Referring to British history and British cultural traditions, these travelers are classified between two periods: from Georgian era to Edwardian era. British travelers began to visit Albania frequently, especially from the time of the rule of Ali Pasha Tepelena, through whose pasha’s territory traveled many British agents, missionaries, and adventurers, including the eminent poet Gordon Byron and his friend John C. Hobhouse, and Dr. Henry Holland. The first part of the paper deals with the main studies for travelogue literature, listing the authors and their studies according to the order and study approaches. As there are hundreds of books with travel notes from British travelers on Albania and Albanians, the second part of the article focuses only on some of the most famous British travelers, such as Edward Lear, Arthur Evans, Edith Durham, Henry N. Brailsford and Aubrey Herbert. The purpose of this paper is to make a chronological history of British travelers in Albania and historical literature on this literature genre of British travelers who traveled and describes Albania of late modernity.

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3

Brisku, Adrian. "Renegotiating the Empire, Forging the Nation-State: The Albanian Case through the Political Economic Thought of Ismail Qemali, Fan Noli, and Luigj Gurakuqi, c. 1890–1920s." Nationalities Papers 48, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2018.52.

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AbstractThis article examines historical positions regarding the question of the small nation-(state) of Albania remaining “in” the larger Ottoman supranational entity and “out” as independent nation-state during the late 19th and early 20th century. It does so mainly, but not only, through the language of political economy (wealth creation and redistribution) as articulated in the thoughts and deeds of three founding intellectual and political figures of the Albanian nation-(state): Ismail Qemali, Fan Noli, and Luigj Gurakuqi. While lacking a clear political-economic perspective for this emerging nation in the late Ottoman period, all the three figures maintained that as an independent, small nation-state, Albania could survive and perhaps thrive if its wealth and national economic development remained anchored within a larger political and economic space. More than Qemali, Gurakuqi, and Noli envisaged a greater state role in the country’s “national economy-building” process. But while Gurakuqi was more of a “nationalist” on wealth creation, Noli sought to pursue a more “radical,” redistributive path to national development.

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4

Peza-Perriu, Majlinda, and Ilirjana Kaceli Demirlika. "ACTIVITIES OF THE ALBANIAN DIASPORA IN ROMANIA IN SUPPORT OF THE ALBANIAN NATIONAL CAUSE." Analele Universităţii din Craiova seria Istorie 27, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucsi.2022.2.07.

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Under the circumstances of the Ottoman rule in Albanian territories during 18-19th centuries, an important role in supporting the Albanian national cause was given by the Albanian colonies in Romania, Bulgaria, Egypt, the USA, etc. The largest and earliest Albanian colony was established in Bucharest, Romania. It mostly consisted of Albanian emigrants, who had settled in Romania in the second half of the 19-th century. Most of them began to organize themselves in associations, strongly supporting the movement for the Albanian language and culture, as a good opportunity to support Albanian patriots operating in Albania. The first created associations, despite their appearance as demonstrating cultural profile, in essence they were engaged in political activities, in support of the Albanian national cause. Initially, these associations maintained close ties with the Istanbul Association which had an important contribution the spread of the Albanian language and culture and also to the creation of the first associations in Romania. The first association established in Bucharest was named "Drita" would split into two branches, forming two new associations. The process of creating the first Albanian associations in Romania, would not be easy and it was conditioned by objective and subjective factors. They faced difficulties of various natures, ranging from financial difficulties, internal contradictions between their members, the obstacles of the Greek Orthodox clergy as well as the interventions of the Sublime Porte. The consequence of these difficulties would as well be the birth of different groups within these colonies, reorganization and the creation of new associations. Despite the dynamics of their activity, these associations held the same attitude when national interests were violated. We aim to analyze these issues by using and analyzing document of the Central State Archive, as well as the publications of academic institutions of the communist and post-communist periods as a comparative approach between them.

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5

Csaplár-Degovics, Krisztián. "Die Internationale Kontrollkommission Albaniens und die albanischen Machtzentren (1913/1914). Beitrag zur Geschichte der Staatsbildung Albaniens / The Albanian International Commission of Control and the Albanian power centres (1913/1914) – Contribution to the history of the state-building process in Albania." Südost-Forschungen 73, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 231–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sofo-2014-0111.

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Abstract The best guarantee of protecting the rights of Christian minorities on the European territory of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th century was nothing else but the establishing of own nation-states, where the Christian population could lead his life without being ruled or controlled by the Ottoman Empire. This process found support and was assisted by the Great Powers. It means, that one form of the humanitarian intervention was the state-building instructed or assisted from abroad. One of the unexpected experiences of the Balkan Wars 1912/1913 was that the members of the Balkan League committed genocides and other kinds of mass violence against other Nationalities and the Muslim population of the peninsula. Among other things the Albanian state-building project of the Great Powers aimed to prevent further genocide and other acts of violence against the Albanian population and other refugees from Macedonia and to put an end to the anarchy of the country. The main international organisation to directly represent the great powers in the new Albania and to be responsible for the state-building process was the International Commission of Control.

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6

Clark, James D. "The Conflicts of Identity: Nationalism in Post-Yugoslavian Macedonia." Central Eastern European Review 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/caeer-2014-0003.

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Abstract This article looks at the challenges faced by Macedonia in creating a national identity since independence. After briefly reviewing the region’s history since the 7th century, the revolt for independence at the end of the 19th century, the interwar period when it was part of Serbia, and the Yugoslav era when Macedonia first attained a separate political existence, the article addresses the challenges the Slav Macedonians faced in creating an identity for the new state. Some of those challenges came from Serbia and Bulgaria, which claimed that the Macedonian Slavs were actually part of their respective nations, and from Greece, which objected to the symbols and the name they had adopted. The greatest resistance inside Macedonia to an exclusively Slavic national identity, however, came from the Albanian community, located mainly in the eastern reaches of the country and in Skopje. An unwillingness to share power or to make concessions by the Slav nationalists eventually resulted in armed insurrection by the Albanians in 2001. Though the Ohrid Accords signed the same year ended the fighting, tension between the two communities has continued on and off until the present, despite some examples of peaceful coexistence.

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7

Fal’ko, S. A. "Activity of European Military-Instruction Missions in the Countries of South-Eastern Europe at the beginning of the XX century." Problems of World History, no. 13 (March 18, 2021): 24–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-2.

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This article studies one of the components of the history of modernization processes in the countries of South-Eastern Europe in the latter half of the 19th century – the early 20th century – military modernization. The purpose of research is to analyze the role of foreign military assistance in formation of military forces of Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Albania and Greece. Separate directions of military assistance provided to the countries of South-Eastern Europe in the form of military missions, training of officers in Europe, arms export and other aspects are disclosed. One of the markers of military development during the period in question was the military instructor activity of the developed European countries in the framework of military modernization of possible military allies in these countries. The lower limit of research is the Bosnian crisis in 1908 caused by annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary. The conflict was the reason of rapid militarization of the region. Military missions from the countries of Europe began their activity in Greece, Montenegro, Turkey. Thousands of officers from Balkan army studied in military establishments of Europe. The top limit of the research is the First world war І 1914-1918. The obvious success was attained with modernization of the armed forces of allies by military missions from Germany in Turkey and from France in Romania in that time. The work deals with the process of military modernization, i.e. the activities of military instructor missions of the leading European countries during the interwar period. The time interval of the study ranges within 1908-1918. This was the period marked by modernization of new national armies in Eastern Europe. Military missions played an important role in this complex process. The comparison of the results of transformations provides for better understanding of the regional specifics and concrete results of this form of military modernization of armed forces during the twenty-year interwar period. The method for comparing variations of military modernization of armies of Oriental countries occurring at the turn of the 20th centuries and reorganization of military forces of the countries of South-Eastern Europe is used. This method instantiates results, consequences, failures and success of military modernization. The research is relevant for studying modern processes of military modernization.

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8

Dombrowski, Andrew. "Multiple Relative Marking in 19th Century West Rumelian Turkish." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 38 (September 25, 2012): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v38i0.3322.

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<p>West Rumelian Turkish (WRT) refers to the dialects of Turkish spoken in the western Balkans. It is now spoken primarily in Macedonia and Kosovo, but was previously spoken more broadly in Bosnia, Greece, Albania, and Serbia. They differ from other dialects of Turkish in that they have been heavily affected by neighboring Indo-European languages like Serbian, Albanian, Aromanian, Romani, and Greek, and have undergone many of the changes characteristic of the Balkan Sprachbund (Friedman 2003). In this paper, I present a pattern of multiply-marked relative clauses in Pulevski’s Turkish that has not been attested elsewhere in Turkic, in which relative clauses can be marked with one of six different combinations of overt participial morphology. I argue that this variation is caused by two factors: first, the fusion of the constructions {<em>ći</em> + finite verb} and {participle} into a new construction {<em>ći</em> + participle} and second, the introduction of relative marking using the interrogative ‘which’ based on models in surrounding Indo-European languages.</p>

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9

Driel, Lodewijk van. "19th-century linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 15, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1988): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.09dri.

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Summary In this paper an attempt has been made to draw a picture of linguistics in the Netherlands during the 19th century. The aim of this survey is to make clear that the influence of German linguistics on Dutch works of the period is characteristic of the development of Dutch linguistics in that century. Emphasis has been placed on the period 1800–1870; three traditions are distinguished: First of all there is the tradition of prescriptive grammar and language instruction. Next attention is drawn to the tradition of historical-comparative linguistics. Finally, by about the middle of the century, the linguistic views of German representatives of general grammar become prominent in Dutch school grammars. Successively we point to the reception by the schoolmasters of K. F. Becker’s (1775–1849) work; then Taco Roorda (1801–1874) is discussed, and the relationship between L. A. te Winkel (1809–1868) and H. Steinthal (1823–1899) is presented. In conjunction with Roorda’s work on Javanese the analysis of the so-called exotic languages is mentioned, an aspect of Dutch linguistics in the 19th century closely connected with the Dutch East Indies. It is obvious that the German theme is one of the most conspicuous common elements in 19th-century Dutch linguistics, as Dutch intellectuals in many respects took German culture as a model.

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10

Iskenderov, Petr. "Main trends of the political thoughts in Albania in 20th century." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 10_3 (October 1, 2020): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi61.

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The article focuses on the two key currents of political thought in Albania in the twentieth century - “Nolism” and “Zogism”. The author traces their influence on the modern history of Albania. Special attention is paid to the problems of Albanian nationalism.

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11

Wilson, Robin. "19th-Century Mathematical Physics." Mathematical Intelligencer 40, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-018-9836-0.

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12

Balakhvantsev, Archil S. "The Boundaries of Caucasian Albania (4th Century BC – 3rd Century AD)." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080017105-2.

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The issue of the borders of Caucasian Albania in the ancient period has long been discussed in the literature, and the inability of researchers from different countries to come to an agreed solution is explained not so much by the state of the sources as by the high degree of politicization of the problem. The only thing that unites the most disagreeing authors with each other is their resolute confidence in the invariability of the borders of Caucasian Albania throughout antiquity. However, we have no reason to speak of an “eternal and unchanging” border along the Kura, Aras or Alazani. Albania's borders were constantly changing in the wake of changes in the balance of power between it and its neighbors: Media Atropatena, Armenia and Iberia. In the future, the political situation in Transcaucasia and the configuration of borders were increasingly influenced by the struggle of the two superpowers of the Ancient World – the Rome and Iran – for domination in the Middle East. Thus, the establishment of the border between Armenia and Albania along the Kura is associated with the signing of the Nisibis peace between Diocletian and Narses. The only “eternal” was the eastern border along the Caspian Sea, but it also in the 4th–2nd centuries BC underwent major changes. Further clarification of the borders of Albania is possible only on the basis of an in-depth and honest analysis of the ancient narrative tradition and an ever-growing array of archaeological data, free from following the political conjuncture.

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13

Rockenbach, Stephen, and William L. Barney. "A Companion to 19th-Century America." Journal of Southern History 74, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27650332.

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14

Kahlow, Andreas. "Materials in 19th century Germany." History and Technology 7, no. 3-4 (July 1991): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07341519108581779.

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15

Nicholls, E. Henry. "Snaphots of 19th-century science." Endeavour 29, no. 3 (September 2005): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2005.07.003.

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16

Panchev, Anton. "Relations Between Albanian Muslims and Christians at the End of the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Century." Polgári szemle 16, no. 4-6 (2020): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24307/psz.2020.1028.

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At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, some of the most prominent Bulgarian researchers became interested in Albanian culture, religion and other features. They made a valuable contribution by conducting a lot of field research in regions inhabited by Albanians. One of the most impressive results of their work is the description of religious tolerance between the Islam majority and the Christian minority in Albania. This brief text analyzes the main conclusions of their studies.

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17

Battaner Moro, Elena. "A 19th-century speaking machine." Historiographia Linguistica 34, no. 1 (June 18, 2007): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.34.1.03bat.

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Summary The Tecnefón is a speaking machine developed in Spain in the 1860s by Severino Pérez y Vázquez. Pérez’s main book on the Tecnefón was published in 1868. Within the context of speaking machines designed from the 18th century onwards, the Tecnefón is built on an acoustical basis; hence it is different from W. von Kempelen’s device, which tried to ‘replicate’ the phonatory system. The Tecnefón has three main parts: a drum that generates sound (the source), an air chamber to hold such sound, and a set of tubes, chambers, and other artefacts propelled by a keyboard. Pérez created a prototype of a speaking machine that performed five vowels and six consonants, so it could ‘speak’ many sentences in Spanish. To this he added accent and intonation with a lever. However, the Tecnefón was never finished due to institutional circumstances that prevented Pérez from pursuing his research.

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18

Crosland, M. P. "Two 19th-century French physical scientists." Metascience 19, no. 2 (April 7, 2010): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-010-9365-8.

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19

Bodenhorn, Howard. "Criminal sentencing in 19th-century Pennsylvania." Explorations in Economic History 46, no. 3 (July 2009): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2009.03.001.

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20

Kulbaka, Jacek. "From the history of disabilities (16th-19th century)." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 38 (October 11, 2019): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2018.38.2.

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The article presents various circumstances (social, legal, philosophical and scientific) connected with the care, upbringing and education of people with disabilities from the early modern era to the beginning of the 20th century. Particular attention was to the history of people with disabilities in the Polish lands. The author tried to recall the activity of leading educational activists, pedagogues and scientists – animators of special education in Poland, Europe and the world. The text also contains information related to the activities of educational and upbringing institutions (institutional, organisational, methodological and other aspects).

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21

Hughes, John R. "A history of neurophysiology in the 19th century." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 69, no. 5 (May 1988): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(88)90073-9.

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22

Kaminski, H. J. "A History of Neurophysiology in the 19th Century." Neurology 38, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.38.12.1901-a.

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23

Coultrap-McQuin, Susan, and Susan K. Harris. "19th-Century American Women's Novels: Interpretative Strategies." Journal of American History 78, no. 2 (September 1991): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2079580.

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24

Hochadel, Oliver. "Science in the 19th-century zoo." Endeavour 29, no. 1 (March 2005): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2004.11.002.

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25

VAN OYEN, G. "The Doublets in 19th-Century Gospel Study." Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 73, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 277–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/etl.73.4.504828.

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26

Marder, Nancy S. "The Changing Landscape of 19th Century Courts." Reviews in American History 46, no. 3 (2018): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2018.0065.

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27

Doležalová, Eva, Marie Šedivá Koldinská, Martin Sekera, Jana Mezerová, and Marek Junek. "History." Muzeum: Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mmvp-2017-0033.

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Abstract The exposition named History will present the development of the Czech lands from the 9th century till the present. The exposition will be divided into two separate spaces – the Historical Building of the National Museum will house the history of the 9th–19th centuries and the New Building of the National Museum will house the history from the 20th century. Despite reflecting to a certain extent the traditional division of the Middle Ages, Early Modern Period, the “long” 19th century, and the 20th century, the narrative will be continuous without any artificial historical disruptions. We will debunk some historical myths and stereotypes. Emphasis will be laid on the presentation of items from the collections of the National Museum. A certain update will also be important, i.e. the presentation of ideas and symbols, that we refer to today. Parallel narratives will be nonetheless important, as they will show that history is not unambiguous and that certain events can be viewed from several different perspectives (e.g. the winner and the loser, nobleman and subject). Last but not least, we will address the issues of individual freedom and its limits.

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28

Karanac, Rada. "Everyday life of children in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century from Serbia, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina." Socioloski godisnjak, no. 11 (2016): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socgod1611193k.

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There were differences between family communities in the Balkan depending on the affiliation to cultural-historical and religious traditions, as well as the differences between life in the countryside and life in the city. This text analyzes the life of children from Serbia, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century, as well as the ways in which the children lived with the specified region, how they used to fed, treat, play, clothing , educate, what kind of habits they had had, or what was their everyday life.

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Kalinina, Elena A. "Libraries of Educations Institutions in Russia in the First Half of 19th Century." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 4 (August 12, 2010): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2010-0-4-96-101.

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Libraries are the integral part of cultural history of Russia. Widespread opening of school libraries in the Russian Empire began in the early 19th century. They began opening school libraries across Russia in the beginning of the 19th century. The paper aims to show the formation and development of libraries in educational institutions of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. The research is based on legislative documents regulating the functions of activity of school libraries and archival materials on the Russian history of the 19th century.

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Mudry, Albert, Robert Mlynski, and Burkhard Kramp. "History of otorhinolaryngology in Germany before 1921." HNO 69, no. 5 (April 13, 2021): 338–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-021-01046-9.

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AbstractIn 2021, the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery is celebrating the 100th anniversary of its foundation. The aim of this article is to present the main inventions and progress made in Germany before 1921, the date the society was founded. Three chronological periods are discernible: the history of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in Germany until the beginning of the 19th century, focusing mainly on the development of scattered knowledge; the birth of the sub-specialties otology, laryngology (pharyngo-laryngology and endoscopy), and rhinology in the 19th century, combining advances in knowledge and implementation of academic structures; and the creation of the ORL specialty at the turn of the 20th century, mainly concentrating on academic organization and expansion. This period was crucial and allowed for the foundation of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery on solid ground. Germany played an important role in the development and progress of ORL internationally in the 19th century with such great contributors as Anton von Tröltsch, Hermann Schwartze, Otto Körner, Rudolf Voltolini, and Gustav Killian to mention a few.

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31

Jacks, David S. "What drove 19th century commodity market integration?" Explorations in Economic History 43, no. 3 (July 2006): 383–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2005.05.001.

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32

Katznelson, Ira, Hartmut Kaelble, and Bruce Little. "Industrialization and Social Inequality in 19th-Century Europe." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19, no. 2 (1988): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204675.

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33

Freemantle, Harry. "Frédéric Le Play and 19th-century vision machines." History of the Human Sciences 30, no. 1 (October 27, 2016): 66–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695116673526.

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An early proponent of the social sciences, Frédéric Le Play, was the occupant of senior positions within the French state in the mid- to late 19th century. He was writing at a time when science was ascending. There was for him no doubt that scientific observation, correctly applied, would allow him unmediated access to the truth. It is significant that Le Play was the organizer of a number of universal expositions because these expositions were used as vehicles to demonstrate the ascendant position of western civilization. The fabrication of linear time is a history of progress requiring a vision of history analogous to the view offered the spectator at a diorama. Le Play employed the design principles and spirit of the diorama in his formulations for the social sciences, and L’Exposition Universelle of 1867 used the technology wherever it could. Both the gaze of the spectators and the objects viewed are part and products of the same particular and unique historical formation. Ideas of perception cannot be separated out from the conditions that make them possible. Vision and its effects are inseparable from the observing subject who is both a product of a particular historical moment and the site of certain practices.

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Graus, Andrea. "Mysticism in the courtroom in 19th-century Europe." History of the Human Sciences 31, no. 3 (March 26, 2018): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118761499.

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This article examines how and why criminal proceedings were brought against alleged cases of Catholic mysticism in several European countries during modernity. In particular, it explores how criminal charges were derived from mystical experiences and shows how these charges were examined inside the courtroom. To bring a lawsuit against supposed mystics, justice systems had to reduce their mysticism to ‘facts’ or actions involving a breach of the law, usually fraud. Such accusations were not the main reason why alleged mystics were taken to court, however. Focusing on three representative examples, in Spain, France and Germany, I argue that ‘mystic trials’ had more to do with specific conflicts between the defendant and the ecclesiastical or secular authorities than with public concern regarding pretence of the supernatural. Criminal courts in Europe approached such cases in a similar way. Just as in ecclesiastical inquiries, during the trials, judges called upon expert testimony to debunk the allegedly supernatural. Once a mystic entered the courtroom, his or her reputation was profoundly affected. Criminal lawsuits had a certain ‘demystifying power’ and were effective in stifling the fervour surrounding the alleged mystics. All in all, mystic trials offer a rich example of the ways in which modern criminal justice dealt with increasing enthusiasm for the supernatural during the 19th century.

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Herucová, Marta. "Case Studies in the 19th Century History of Art." Acta Historiae Artium 49, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ahista.49.2008.1.38.

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BOŠKOV, SVETOZAR. "ALEXANDER THE GREAT IN 19th CENTURY SERBIAN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS." ISTRAŽIVANJA, Јournal of Historical Researches, no. 32 (December 3, 2021): 144–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2021.32.144-161.

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Alexander the Great (356 B.C – 323 B.C) has gone down in history as one of the greatest conquerors of Antiquity. By the time he was 30, he had conquered most of the known world. The territory under his control lay from Greece in the west, southward through Egypt and eastward to India. His military successes made him an inspiration to many writers of his time and later. Since his life span corresponds to the era that today we call Hellenism, he is mentioned in all the educational systems of Europe. From their first appearance on this continent, school books have alluded to Alexander and his conquests. The first history textbooks in the Serbian language emerged in Serbia in the mid-19th century and they, too, included Alexander the Great. In this paper, we shall show how the history of Alexander was taught at the time and how his feats influenced generations of Serbian children educated at the first schools founded in the areas of the Habsburg Empire that they inhabited.

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Spindler, Gerald, and Herbert Hovenkamp. "Reshaping Legal and Economic History in the 19th Century." American Journal of Comparative Law 42, no. 4 (1994): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840635.

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Weston, Robert. "Whooping Cough: A Brief History to the 19th Century." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 29, no. 2 (October 2012): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.29.2.329.

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Hare, E. H. "On the History of Lunacy: 19th Century and After." History of Psychiatry 9, no. 33 (March 1998): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x9800903313.

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Agensky, Jonathan C. "Recognizing religion: Politics, history, and the “long 19th century”." European Journal of International Relations 23, no. 4 (January 12, 2017): 729–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066116681428.

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Analyses of religion and international politics routinely concern the persistence of religion as a critical element in world affairs. However, they tend to neglect the constitutive interconnections between religion and political life. Consequently, religion is treated as exceptional to mainstream politics. In response, recent works focus on the relational dimensions of religion and international politics. This article advances an “entangled history” approach that emphasizes the constitutive, relational, and historical dimensions of religion — as a practice, discursive formation, and analytical category. It argues that these public dimensions of religion share their conditions of possibility and intelligibility in a political order that crystallized over the long 19th century. The neglect of this period has enabled International Relations to treat religion with a sense of closure at odds with the realities of religious political behavior and how it is understood. Refocusing on religion’s historical entanglements recovers the concept as a means of explaining international relations by “recognizing” how it is constituted as a category of social life. Beyond questions of the religious and political, this article speaks to renewed debates about the role of history in International Relations, proposing entanglement as a productive framing for international politics more generally.

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Sissons, Jeffrey. "Heroic History and Chiefly Chapels in 19th Century Tahiti." Oceania 78, no. 3 (November 2008): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4461.2008.tb00044.x.

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Rieppel, Lukas. "New order in the history of 19th century biology." Endeavour 33, no. 4 (December 2009): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2009.09.002.

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Jolliffe, Lee. "Women's Magazines in the 19th Century." Journal of Popular Culture 27, no. 4 (March 1994): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1994.2704_125.x.

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Stern, Arden. "Freaks of Fancy, Revisited: Nineteenth-Century Ornamented Typography in the Twenty-First Century." Design Issues 32, no. 4 (October 2016): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00418.

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This article offers a historical analysis of 21st-century American engagements with 19th-century ornamented typography, demonstrating how this form of historicist practice constructs purposeful continuities between past and present by aligning 19th- and 21st-century modes of production. These alignments, balanced on fraught cultural divisions between handmade/machine-made and authentic/artificial, are resolutely ahistorical yet speak volumes about the dynamics of information capitalism, deindustrialization, and recession in recent US history. The analysis focuses upon two genres of neo-19th-century typographic revivals: heritage letterpress fetishism, which invokes an imagined return to authentic handcraft, and revivalist authentications of digital design practice, in which designers use the old to confer legitimacy upon the new.

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VALENZUELA, LUIS. "Plebeians and Patricians in 19th Century Chile." Journal of Historical Sociology 2, no. 3 (September 1989): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6443.1989.tb00142.x.

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Dayeh, Islam. "From Taṣḥīḥ to Taḥqīq: Toward a History of the Arabic Critical Edition." Philological Encounters 4, no. 3-4 (December 13, 2019): 245–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-12340072.

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AbstractThe article traces the transformations in Arabic editorial practices from the mid-19th century through the early decades of the 20th-century. Focusing on the publishing world of Cairo, the article examines some of the major political, cultural and technological conditions that shaped editorial choice and technique. The article explores continuities as well as ruptures with traditional Arabic-Islamic editorial practice, and assesses the impact of 19th-century European philological and historical scholarship. Particular attention is given to examining innovation in editorial practice, textual form, and modes of research over the course of a century.

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Mein Smith, Philippa. "Australia’s Fertility Transition: A Study of 19th-Century Tasmania." Australian Historical Studies 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2021.1861687.

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Koumar, Jan. "Aristocratic Widowhood in the Second Half of 19th Century." Historický časopis 69, no. 5 (December 20, 2021): 863–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/histcaso.2021.69.5.4.

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Smith, Sherry L., and Pamela Herr. "Jessie Benton Fremont: American Woman of the 19th Century." Western Historical Quarterly 19, no. 2 (May 1988): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/968397.

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Paul, Andrea I., and Martha Mitten Allen. "Traveling West: 19th Century Women on the Overland Routes." Western Historical Quarterly 19, no. 2 (May 1988): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/968411.

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