Journal articles on the topic 'Albaida Valley'
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1
Vagheei, Hamed, Alex Laini, Paolo Vezza, Guillermo Palau-Salvador, and Fulvio Boano. "Ecohydrologic modeling using nitrate, ammonium, phosphorus, and macroinvertebrates as aquatic ecosystem health indicators of Albaida Valley (Spain)." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 42 (August 2022): 101155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101155.
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Fernández de Córdova Miralles, Álvaro. "Vida y empresas del cardenal Lluís Joan del Milà: promoción eclesiástica y mecenazgo entre Italia y la Corona de Aragón." Aragón en la Edad Media, no. 24 (March 16, 2015): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_aem/aem.2013241056.
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El presente trabajo ofrece una aproximación biográfica a Lluís Joan del Milà, sobrino del papa Calixto III y futuro “cardenal de Albaida”. Partiendo de su promoción eclesiástica al amparo de su tío, se analiza su actividad al servicio de Pío II y Paulo II, su proyecto señorial en tierras valencianas, sus contactos intelectuales y las empresas artísticas impulsadas en Roma, Viterbo y el valle de Albaida. En el ámbito político-eclesiástico se contemplan sus ambiguas relaciones con la Corona y su gobierno en las diócesis de Segorbe y Lérida, donde las preocupaciones familiares asfixiaron sus responsabilidades pastorales. Son las luces y las sombras de este prelado del Renacimiento que vivió entre dos penínsulas en intensa transformación artística y religiosa.
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Lirëza, Prof Asc Dr Qamil. "The Natural and Touristic Values of Some Canyons in the Southern Albania the Natural and Touristic Values of Some Canyons in the Southern Albania." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 3 (October 1, 2011): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2014/59.
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SERJANI, A., H. HALLACl, A. NEZIRAJ, and A. HALLACl. "Karst and geotops of karst origin in Albania." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17704.
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Albania is one of the most karst-developed countries in Europe. Karst phenomena are related to soluted carbonate formations which cover of about 7300 km2 of Albanian territory and with sulfate evaporates rocks, which outcrop of about 500 km2. Typically alpine relief of average altitude 708 m above the sea level and high horizontal splitting are favorable for karst development. Karst and geological sites of karst origin are widespread mainly in Albanian Alps and in Ionian zone. In Albanides there are determined surfaces and underground karst forms which belong to the Neo-Pliocene-Quaternary age and deep karst forms belonging to the paleokarst in old formations. The most widespread karst forms in carbonate rocks there are valleys, caves, cones etc., while into salt rocks there are formed many karstic lakes and depressions. Up to now there are determined about 80 karstic caves, nice karst fields, valleys, plains, which represent geological sites of karst origin.
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Daci, A., G. Kaza, T. Deda, and S. Hoti. "The environmental impact of the Copper industry in the Fani River Valley (Repsi "Hot spot") Mirdita, Albania." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 3 (June 5, 2018): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16970.
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For more than 40 years, full cycle Copper industry has exercised its activity in central Mirdita, as one of the priorities for the economic development of this zone. Copper deposits have been discovered in many parts of the territory of central Mirdita, whereas the main activity of the mining and processing industry is located in the Fan iriver valley. The interruption of industrial activity after the years '90, could not stop the negative environmental impact. The presence of dumps in Fani river banks (as in Repsi, Rresheni and Rubiku) and numerous mining works· (addits) in Spaçi and Kodër Spaçi slopes, from which many acid waters drain, including also the natural leaching of surface outcrops of mineralized zones, make up a serious danger to the biodiversity of this area. Several recommendations to reduce the environmental impact of the tailings and copper ores in the dumps in Fani river valley are given in this paper
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Nikoleta Kallajxhiu, Gëzim Kapidani, Silvana Turku, and Anxhela Dauti. "Comparative palynomorphological study of two species in the valley of Zagoria, Gjirokastra, Albania." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.15.3.0164.
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In this study there are demonstrated for the first time in albanian literature the palynomorphologic characteristics of two types of plants (Centaurea epirota and Viola epirota), collected in Zagoria valley, Gjirokastra region, in Albania. To carry out the study, light microscopy was used and it was concluded that the pollen grains of Centaurea epirota were 3 colporate, isopolar, with radial symmetry. In the polar view, the pollen grains have a circular triangular shape while in the equatorial view they have a compressed oval shape. Exine appeared scabrate. Viola epirota consisted of 3-4 colporate, sometimes even 5 colporate pollen grains. In the polar view, the pollen grains had a circular shape of 3 or 4 angles, sometimes even 5 angles while in the equatorial view they had an elliptical shape. Exine appeared granulate. To see the impact of ecological factor and the method of laboratory processing of pollen grains, the size of the new species studied was compared with the size of the pollen grains of Centaurea cyanus and Viola alba, Viola odorata and Viola arvensis, taken from the native literature.
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Lewis, Quentin. "Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania." Post-Medieval Archaeology 49, no. 3 (September 2, 2015): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00794236.2015.1138052.
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Muçaj, Skënder, Suela Xhyheri, Irklid Ristani, and Aleksey M. Pentkovskiy. "Medieval Churches in Shushica Valley (South Albania) and the Slavonic Bishopric of St. Clement of Ohrid." Slovene 3, no. 1 (2014): 5–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2014.3.1.1.
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There were numerous Slavic settlements in South Albania (including the valley of Shushica River) at the end of the 1st millennium. In the second half of the 9th c. a significant part of this region was conquered by the 1st Bulgarian Kingdom, and after 870 there were established ecclesiastical dioceses which became part of the church organization of the Kingdom. Slavonic ecclesiastical schools were established in that region as well, after 886 in the context of the so-called “Slavonic project” of the Bulgarian prince, Boris. St. Clement took an active part in this project. It was South Albania where the first Slavonic bishopric in Southeast Europe was founded, in 893, when St. Clement was appointed bishop. His bishopric was organized according ethnic principle, so that St. Clement was called “the bishop of Slavonic people.” The center of Clement’s bishopric was in Velica, which is related to the modern settlement Velçë in the Shushica valley. There are ruins of a cross-in-square church with a narthex in the Asomat region, which is located near Velica. The church was built at the end of the 9th‒beginning of the 10th cc. and dedicated to the Archangel Michael. The plan of this church is identical with that of the so-called “pronaos” of the church built by St. Clement in his Ohrid monastery. In St. Clement’s bishopric Church Slavonic was used as a liturgical language. For that purpose, a set of Byzantine liturgical books was translated from Greek into Church Slavonic, and Clement took an active part in this process. Liturgical pecularities of these books partially observed in Greek manuscripts of South Italian provenance testify to the hypothesis that Greek sources of the earliest Church Slavonic translations belonged to liturgical tradition of Epirus, similar to those of South Italy. This also proves the location of St. Clement’s bishopric in the valley of the Shushica River.
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Dollma, Merita. "Canyons of Albania and geotourism development." Acta Geoturistica 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agta-2018-0008.
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Abstract Canyons are among the most interesting geosites created by the erosive activity of the rivers, processes of weathering and erosion or tectonic activity and are distinguished for the aesthetic beauty of the shapes, the labyrinths of the valleys, the steepness of the slopes, the greatness of vertical walls, waterfalls, caves, etc., bearing high scientific, educational and touristic values. Albania has a considerable number of canyons due to the presence of a rich river network flowing through the variety of geological formations and tectonic faults. Outstanding are the wellformed canyons in limestone rocks with almost vertical walls such as Gradec canyon in Çorovoda, Lëngarica canyon in Përmet, Grunas canyon in Theth, etc. The only canyons which are formed on magmatic rocks are the canyons of Devoll. For their values, the most interesting canyons are included in the list of nature monuments as geomonuments. The most magnificent and frequented canyons for tourism in Albania are the Osum canyons, Gradec canyon, Lëngarica canyon and Nivica canyon. These distant impressing landforms, once forgotten and unexplored, are now attracting the attention of many tourists either for admiring their natural scenery, hiking and rafting or for curative tourism. However, despite their values the canyons are not enough known due to lack of information or poor promotion. Filling this gap has served this study where the geotouristic potential of the canyons is evaluated according to four criteria of Knapik.at.al such as accessibility, state of preservation, scientific value and education value (Solarska and Jary, 2010). The database of the canyons is organized in an inventory card which contains general and specific data of each geosite. The final product of this project will be a website that will inform the public and promote the values of the canyons of Albania.
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Lato, Entela, Dritan Ajdinaj, Doklea Quku, and Hektor Thoma. "IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD AND WOOD - BORING INSECTS OF THE ICONS OF BERATI`S MIDDLE - AGE MUSEUM IN ALBANIA: FIRST STEPS OF THEIR RESTORATION AND CONSERVATION." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 40, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2010.v40.i1.154.
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UDK 674.5:595.7(496.5 Berati)
There are about 350 icons at the deposit of the Middle Age Museum of Berati, among 4500 items of very precious wooden artwork heritage, all over Albania, Actually four of these icons are under restoration process and our first scientific collaboration in this process consisted in identification of wood and wood-boring insects.
The technique used for the anatomic study of the icons wood was the resin inclusion. After chemical treating of small samples in resin (butyl based) and their thermal treating in thermostat (temperature 60ºC for 12 hours), anatomic sections were prepared by microtome. The microscope observations showed that three icons belong to Juglans regia L. (very typical specie of the forests of that area) and only one belongs to Populus sp., probably Populus alba L., because it is the only one specie naturally grown in Osumi valley in the south of Albania.
Accurate observations and measurements have been done for the inspection of wood deterioration, which showed considerable fungi decay and insect damages, especially from Anobium punctatum. The method of vacuum was used for insect disinfection of icons. The process of wood identification is going on for the other icons in the restoration process.
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Pediconi, Ombretta, Silvia D’Albenzio, Georgia Gkrintzali, Paolo Calistri, and Milen Georgiev. "Crisis Preparedness Exercise on Rift Valley Fever Introduction into Europe under a One Health Approach." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091864.
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Crisis preparedness training programmes are substantial for the effective management of contingency plans. Rift Valley Fever (RVF) was chosen as the vector transmitted zoonosis for a crisis preparedness exercise co-organised in 2021 by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale” (IZS-Teramo). The online table-top simulation exercise was planned to strengthen the network of Mediterranean countries on rapid risk assessment, risk/crisis management and risk communication during a human/animal health crisis, adopting the ‘One Health’ approach. Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, Greece, Albania, Croatia, Montenegro and Turkey were the beneficiary countries, while European Commission (EC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), World Health Organisation (WHO), World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) and Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) were the designated observers who were actively involved along the entire capacity building process. The simulation exercise was based on a fictional case study in which the zoonotic mosquito-borne disease, not currently present in Europe, was accidentally introduced into the European Union via the accidental transfer of infected vectors from a RVF-endemic country. The training activity was positively assessed by the participants and useful suggestions were given to address further future similar initiatives.
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Meyrom, Kobi, Yoav Motro, Yossi Leshem, Shaul Aviel, Ido Izhaki, Francis Argyle, and Motti Charter. "Nest-Box use by the Barn OwlTyto albain a Biological Pest Control Program in the Beit She'an Valley, Israel." Ardea 97, no. 4 (December 2009): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5253/078.097.0410.
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Dipasquale, L., M. Carta, S. Galassi, and A. Merlo. "THE VERNACULAR HERITAGE OF GJIROKASTRA (ALBANIA): ANALYSIS OF URBAN AND CONSTRUCTIVE FEATURES, THREATS AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-33-2020.
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Abstract. The old town of Gjirokastra (Albania), was included in the World Heritage List in 2005 thanks to the valuable presence of several remarkable examples of Ottoman-styled houses and in the integrity of the vernacular urban landscape. The urban structure is strongly influenced by the orography of the Drino valley and its slopes where the city was founded. Stone is the building material that characterizes the paving of the streets, the walls of the buildings and the roof coverings. The wood, mostly local, was used to build the frame structure of the upper floors and the roofs, in order to provide large windows and bright interior spaces. In December 2018, as part of the activities of the 3D Past project, founded by Eu Creative Europe Programme, Italian and Albanian students took part in a workshop in Gjirokastra. Such an initiative was designed to understand the tangible and intangible components of the vernacular heritage of Gjrokastra. In a multidisciplinary approach, students, professors, researchers and local experts analysed the morphological features of the historic center, the public spaces, and the traditional building systems. Traditional instruments such as the direct survey, the on-site observation and the interviews were adopted in combination with more innovative tools such as the laser scanner and the photogrammetry. This contribution not only illustrates the results of a multi-scale analysis, but it also highlights the transformations and threats that endanger the transmission of the unique characteristics of the city to the future generations. Moreover, it deals with the conservation strategies currently in use and some possible future measures that can contribute to the sustainable safeguard and development of the site.
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Mizsei, Edvárd, Bálint Üveges, Balázs Vági, Márton Szabolcs, Szabolcs Lengyel, Walter P. Pfliegler, Zoltán T. Nagy, and János P. Tóth. "Species distribution modelling leads to the discovery of new populations of one of the least known European snakes, Vipera ursinii graeca, in Albania." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 1 (2016): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003031.
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Vipera ursinii graeca is a restricted-range, endemic snake of the Pindos mountain range in the southwestern Balkans. The subspecies was previously reported from eight localities in Greece and one locality in southern Albania. We used species distribution modelling based on climate data from known localities in Greece to estimate the potential distribution of the subspecies. The model predicted suitable areas for eleven mountains in southern Albania, which we visited in ten field expeditions in four years. Based on 78 live individuals and 33 shed skins, we validated the presence of the snake on eight of the eleven mountains. Six populations (Dhëmbel, Llofiz, Griba, Shendelli, Tomorr and Trebeshinë Mountains) are reported here for the first time. Morphological characters undoubtedly supported that all individuals found at these new localities belong to V. u. graeca. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences also confirmed the identity of the snakes as V. u. graeca and a low number of identified haplotypes suggested low genetic variability among populations despite significant spatial isolation. All localities were subalpine-alpine calcareous meadows above 1600 m. These high montane habitats are separated by deep valleys and are threatened by overgrazing, soil erosion, and a potential increase in the elevation of the tree line due to climate change. Our surveys increased the number of known populations by 60% and the known geographical range of the subspecies by approximately 30%. Our study serves as a baseline for further ecological research and for conservation measures for one of the least known European viperid snakes.
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Radovanovic, Svetlana. "Albanians of the Sirinic district." Stanovnistvo 36, no. 1-2 (1998): 49–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv9802049r.
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The Sirinic district is located in one of the four mountain valleys (Sirinic, Sredska, Opolje and Gora) in the Sara mountain region. Its geographic boundaries almost match the administrative borders of the commune of Strpce. It is first mentioned in Serb manuscripts of the first half of the XIV century. The census taken in 1455 by the Turks shows a relatively high density of Serb population. The Albanians immigrated to the Sirinic district from northern Albania after the second mass migration of Serb population in 1737. They came from north and east, from southern parts of Kosovo, Kacanicka gorge and the Valley of Skoplje. A larger-scale settlement of Albanians into the Sara mountain region was prevented by massive Islamization of native Serb population in the districts of Gora, Opolje and Sredska. Thus, a multi-ethnic buffer zone was formed during Turkish reign which has been basically preserved until today. For this particular reason the region has attracted interest of many domestic and foreign researchers ever since early XIX century. Elaboration of two multi-disciplinary scientific research projects by the Institute of Geography "Jovan Cvijic" of the Serb Academy of Science and Arts in the period from 1989 to 1994 was based on the same considerations. One of the projects is fully concerned with the Sirinic district and the author of this paper was asked to study migrations and the origins of Albanian population as well as to organize and conduct a population census in the commune of Strpce. Immigration of Albanians to the Sirinic district took place in several phases which ultimately led to the formation of five mixed Serb-Albanian settlements located between a group of four homogenous Albanian and seven such Serb settlements. Thus, a relatively stable ethnic and geographic structure was formed as early as in the XIX century. Its territorial and demographic proportions did not substantially change regardless of all tumultuous historical and political events that had since taken place. A more detailed analysis shows that the share of Albanians in total population of the district rose from about 29% in 1931 to only 33% in 1989 in spite of the natural increase in population in excess of 30 per thousand ever since the early 1980s. However, demographic growth of Albanian population remained much below the level of the biological reproduction rate due to intensive emigration i.e., a negative migratory balance ranging from 21.8 per thousand in 1961 to 26.5 per thousand in 1989. The causes for emigration were economic and, for decades, bound toward Kosovo, Western Macedonia and the Valley of Skoplje. Emigration to Turkey began in late XIX century, resumed during the Balkan Wars and was recorded again in the early 1980s (encouraged by the Balkan Treaty signed by the FPRY, Greece and Turkey) but did not much affect total demographic movement of Albanians in the Sirinic district. Economic emigration of population to Switzerland and Germany has been growing from the 1960s onward. This paper also reviews parallel existence and functioning of two crucially different homeostatic demographic systems - the Albanian and the Serb - in the same compact geographic environment. The paper also points to the preserved awareness of a fixed (tribal) affiliation and finally displays a detailed review of migratory dynamics and origins of Albanian population, number of houses (families) and the number of members of each clan in 1989.
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Curcic, Srecko, Miloje Brajkovic, Bozidar Curcic, H. Senman, Slobodan Makarov, Bojan Mitic, and Vladimir Tomic. "Kosaniniella javorensis n. gen., n. sp., from southwest Serbia, with notes on the evolutionary status of Knirschiella Guéorguiev, Cholevidae, Coleoptera." Archives of Biological Sciences 56, no. 3-4 (2004): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0404115c.
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A new genus and species of endogen cholevid beetles (Kosaniniella javorensis n. gen., n. sp) has been diagnosed and described from under stones in the valley of Suvodol, village of Debelja, near Nova Varos, Mt. Javor southwestern Serbia. This new genus clearly differs from all other closely related genera in the following correlative traits: Body size presence/absence of eye spots; length of distalmost antennomere; form of antennomere VIII; punctuation of elytra; presence/absence of sutural striae shape of elytra; form of aedeagus; shape of aedeagal sides; shape of parameral apex; form of paramerae; distribution of parameral setae; shape of anterior inner parameral seta; form of median part of copulatory piece length of basal bulbus; and form of spermatheca. Kosaniniella n. gen. belongs to a separate phyletic lineage which includes two other phenetically close genera, Magdelainella Jeannel and Knirschiella Gu?orguiev. The new genus is present in southwestern Serbia only, while Magdelainella inhabits Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Knirschiella is given full generic status in the present paper; its members are known from Albania. The Kosaniniella-Magdelainella-Knirschiella complex is probably of early Tertiary age, its species having originated during the Alpine Orogeny, which affected vast areas of the Balkan Peninsula, including the Dinarids otherwise their terra typica.
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Ymeraj, Arlinda. "Social Work as The Safety Net of the Albanian Society in Transition." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 2, no. 3 (November 13, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v2i3.63.
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Social work has little tradition as an academic discipline or as a profession in Albania despite the high need for well-trained social workers. Social work in Albania had practically not existed in the past, neither before the WWII nor during socialist regime. It was the deep political and economic changes of the post socialist phase and the support of government and non-government stakeholders, like the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Emigration and Ex- Persecuted People as well as the Grand Valley University, Michigan, which paved the way for the establishment from scratch of the Faculty of Social Work at the University of Tirana in 1992. Two other schools of Social Work were also established in two public universities, one at the University of Shkodra (2005) and another at the Elbasan University (2004). The Albania’s adherence to the Bologna Declaration brought a new reform, initiated in 2005, in which the Departments of Social Work were actively involved and played a critical role to adjust the curricula according to the EU standards.
However, social work is neither a straight forward academic discipline nor a clear-cut profession. Social work is both, above all it is the safety net of society. The concept of social work derives from the needs of society, which in the end turns towards social mobilization, participation and inclusion. The global definition of social work, set out by the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) and approved by its general assembly in 2014, defines Social Work as follows:
“Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Underpinned by theories of social work, social sciences, humanities and indigenous knowledge, social work engages people and structures to address life challenges and enhance wellbeing”. (http://www.communitycare.co.uk/what-is-the-role-of-social-workers).
Besides the overall social structure of the society and the legacy from the past, Social Work can’t be developed outside the context of education system in one side and social protection and care system on the other. Hence, this paper brings in some information, which by describing the status of Social Work Education in Albania, tries to further explore its multi-faceted dependency on system of policies and social legacy from the past, alike.
Keywords: Social Work, Social-Exclusion, Social inclusion
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Wagner, Bernd, Thomas Wilke, Alexander Francke, Christian Albrecht, Henrike Baumgarten, Adele Bertini, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, et al. "The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project." Biogeosciences 14, no. 8 (April 20, 2017): 2033–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017.
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Abstract. This study reviews and synthesises existing information generated within the SCOPSCO (Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid) deep drilling project. The four main aims of the project are to infer (i) the age and origin of Lake Ohrid (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia/Republic of Albania), (ii) its regional seismotectonic history, (iii) volcanic activity and climate change in the central northern Mediterranean region, and (iv) the influence of major geological events on the evolution of its endemic species. The Ohrid basin formed by transtension during the Miocene, opened during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, and the lake established de novo in the still relatively narrow valley between 1.9 and 1.3 Ma. The lake history is recorded in a 584 m long sediment sequence, which was recovered within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) from the central part (DEEP site) of the lake in spring 2013. To date, 54 tephra and cryptotephra horizons have been found in the upper 460 m of this sequence. Tephrochronology and tuning biogeochemical proxy data to orbital parameters revealed that the upper 247.8 m represent the last 637 kyr. The multi-proxy data set covering these 637 kyr indicates long-term variability. Some proxies show a change from generally cooler and wetter to drier and warmer glacial and interglacial periods around 300 ka. Short-term environmental change caused, for example, by tephra deposition or the climatic impact of millennial-scale Dansgaard–Oeschger and Heinrich events are superimposed on the long-term trends. Evolutionary studies on the extant fauna indicate that Lake Ohrid was not a refugial area for regional freshwater animals. This differs from the surrounding catchment, where the mountainous setting with relatively high water availability provided a refuge for temperate and montane trees during the relatively cold and dry glacial periods. Although Lake Ohrid experienced significant environmental change over the last 637 kyr, preliminary molecular data from extant microgastropod species do not indicate significant changes in diversification rate during this period. The reasons for this constant rate remain largely unknown, but a possible lack of environmentally induced extinction events in Lake Ohrid and/or the high resilience of the ecosystems may have played a role.
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Urošević, Aleksandar, Katarina Ljubisavljević, Ljiljana Tomović, Imre Krizmanić, Rastko Ajtić, Aleksandar Simović, Nenad Labus, et al. "CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF LACERTID LIZARDS IN SERBIA." Ecologica Montenegrina 2, no. 3 (April 18, 2015): 197–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2015.2.26.
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In this study, we present updated distributional data for all Serbian lacertids, having taken into account the available previously published information, and the so far unpublished authors’ field records and evidence from other sources. According to our current knowledge, eight lacertid species inhabit Serbia. Analysis of lacertid diversity within the country showed that biogeographic regions with highest species diversity are Metohija (eight species) and Kosovo (seven species). Regions in Serbia are mutually similar concerning lacertid faunas (average Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index is 0.82). Comparative analysis of lacertid faunas among all Balkan countries showed that Serbian lacertid fauna is the most similar to those of Albania and the FYR of Macedonia, and then to faunas of Romania and Bulgaria. Zoogeographic analysis showed that Serbian lacertids belong to three distinct chorotypes, with the East-Mediterranean being the richest (four species). Generally, diversity of lacertids in Serbia is most strongly determined by topographic diversity, habitat heterogeneity, and climatic peculiarities, with the inflow of the sub-Mediterranean climate along several river valleys in the south being especially important. This paper is intended to serve as a basis for further research, since data on distribution of lacertid species in Serbia are far from complete, with large distributional gaps of recorded species and with unconfirmed presence of two species.
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Podestà, Stefano, Federica Pompejano, and Gerolamo Stagno. "The Wooden Roof of Banesa e Skendulate in Gjirokastra, Albania: The Role of the Diagnostic Test Campaign in the Structural Safety Evaluation." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.911.
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Banesa e Skendulate is part of the historical center of the museum-city of Gjirokastra (Albanian UNESCO World Heritage), an unique and well-preserved example of Albanian urban vernacular architecture influenced by the ottoman architectural style, situated in a strategic position in the valley of the Drino. Banesa e Skendulate represents not only the typical compositional characteristics of this architecture but also a culture and a lifestyle deeply rooted in its own traditions. As its known, historic roofings are load-bearing structures made of timber according to an empirical and intuitive design, without structural engineering theory support, and Banesa e Skendulates roof is a clear example of the posts and beams system and shows the ability of the local craftsmen to deal with the support of heavy stone roofing. In the following paragraphs, will be presented the non-destructive diagnostic testing performed on the wooden structure of the roofing together with a detailed geometric and technological survey in order to recognize the structural system, its behavior and pathology and then process the analytical 3D model. Furthermore, the paper deals with the problem arose as consequence of the interpretation of the results obtained by the diagnostic tests, concerning the determination of the classes of resistance attached to ancient structural wooden elements that, for obvious reasons, cannot be classified according to the strength classes defined by the regulations for new timber constructions. Applying the reference strength values classified for the new timber elements to the historic ones, can cause a heavy penalty in terms of structural safety verification of the roof; that is why the role of the diagnostic test campaign should guide the reinforcement project applying reference values determined on the real conditions of the wooden elements.
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Samardžić, Gligor. "The problem of the location of the Gabuleum and Theranda road stops on the Lissus-Naissus Roman road (Upper Moesia)." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 51, no. 1 (2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp51-30402.
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The paper presents data on the problem related to the location of Gabuleum and Theranda road stops on the Lisus-Naisus Roman road (Upper Moesia). The Lisus-Naisus Roman road intersected modern-day Kosova and Metohija stretching from the southwest to the northeast. The road, being the main road, connected the seaside to the inland. Not a considerable number of milestones, i.e. their fragments, was found on this part of the road. They are of significant historic value due to the fact that they represent genuine evidence of the existence of the Roman road in Kosovo and Metohija. During the research of ancient road stops and roads in the south of the province of Upper Moesia (Kosovo and Metohija), we used written sources and material remains on the terrain for which the data from Tabula Peutingeriana and Ptolemy's Geography were highly significant. The epigraph statues are equally important, i.e. milestones, road remains, settlements and other material remains.Their more detailed study and research can provide researchers with the opportunity to point to the main road routes, road stops and settlements in this area. The question of the location of Gabuleum road stop stays open due to the fact that the researchers have not reached a consensus till today on its location because, as previously mentioned, there have been many opinions. The prevalent opinion in the contemporary scientific circles, being based on Tabula Peutingeriana, is that Gabulem should be looked for near the place called Kukës in Albania where the White and Black Drim converge. By quoting Tabula Peutingeriana, the traces of the Roman presence as well as the unsafe road route to the North, the location of Therande is linked to the territory of Metohija, near the places such as Suva Reka or Ljubižda, in the valley of the Miruša river, not far from Prizren.
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R. Copley, Gregory. "THE ROAD TO PEACE IN THE BALKANS IS PAVED WITH BAD INTENTIONS." RELIGION IN THE PROGRAMS OF POLITICAL PARTIES 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54561/prj0102143c.
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It has been long and widely forecast that the security situation in the Balkans — indeed, in South-Eastern Europe generally — would become delicate, and would fracture, during the final stages of the Albanian quest for independence for the Serbian province of Kosovo and Metohija. The Kosovo region is now a lawless area. It has been ethnically-cleansed of Serbs, and re-populated by Albanians who have progressively and illegally, over the past decades, migrated into the area. Years of so-called peacekeeping by the international community count for nothing. Kosovo’s presence as a nominally independent state, without any of the essential foundations to meet the true criteria for sovereignty, can in no way further the stability of the region, or of Europe. Neither can it serve US strategic interests, unless US interests can be defined as a breakdown of viability of Eastern and southern Europe. Not only Kosovo, but all of Albania and other Balkan communities have become captive of the criminal-political movements which owe their power to their alliance with Al-Qaida, Iran, and the Saudi-funded Wahhabist movements. Therefore, new warfare will be supported by many elements of the international Јihadist movements which work closely with Albanian groups such as the KLA along the so-called Green Transversal line (or Zelena Transverzala) — really a clandestine highway or network — which not only carries jihadists but also narcotics and weapons along international supply lines crossing from Turkey and the Adriatic into the Balkans and on into Western Europe. So, the broader battle is now being joined in South-East Europe, in Kosovo, Rashka, the Preshevo Valley, in FYROM, Montenegro, and Epirus being in large part proxy warfare which is symptomatic of the emergence of a new Cold War on a global scale. One can only imagine the negative consequences for Balkan stability if, for example, Turkey’s status changes and Ankara no longer feels obliged to temper its activities, or its use of Islamist surrogate or proxy groups to further pan-Turkish ambitions. On the other hand, we have not yet seen the completion of the break-up of Yugoslavia, and even the wrenching of Kosovo may not complete it. We will then see the dismemberment of some of the Yugoslav parts already independent, perhaps even the dismemberment of FYROM and Bosnia. Perhaps those State Department officials will be surprised, too, to see — a decade or two hence — the claims of autonomy emerging for parts of Arizona, Southern California, or Texas, citing the same pretext of “self-determination” now being claimed by those who moved across the borders to occupy Serbia’s Kosovo province. The Balkans region and the Eastern Mediterranean generally are entering a further period of crisis, insurrection, and possibly open conflict. None of the regional states, but particularly Serbia, are doing enough to address the security ramifications of the coming de facto independence of Kosovo. Finally, conflict issues in the Middle East, and specifically in Iraq, and relating to Iran, will continue to have a profound impact on the stability of the Balkans, and vice-versa
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De Lusignan Fan-Moniz, Alex. "Aromanian Cultural and Linguistic Shift to Greek." European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 1, no. 6 (December 27, 2022): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2022.1.6.54.
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Aromanian-armân, (Weigand, 1895) is an oral Eastern-Romance language spoken by the Aromanians (armâni, or armãneashti), an ethnic group historically known for transhumance, dispersed over a wide area of the Balkans in what is present-day Peninsular Greece, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Southern Romania, Serbia, and Albania. These people have been noted as Aromanians or Vlachs sometime since the eighth century AD. (Caranica, 1990). Their ethnicity (Eriksen, 2010) is controversial with Greeks believing them Latinised Greeks, Romanians considering them Romanian, others as Balkan natives from Wallachia (Ruzica, 2006). In Greek, the current word for Aromanian is in fact ‘Vlach’ believed to originate from the Latin terms Volcae, Volci (Volks, Wolks) referring to a Celtic tribe from Gaul that had learnt Latin and become Latinized. The Volks-Wolks were the closest neighbors to Germanic tribes in the area, which resulted in Germans referring to all Latin speakers as ‘Volks,’ the same way they did with their language. For clarification, in this study: Aromanian, Vlach (-) Aromanian and Vlach will all be used to refer to this ethnic group and language. The word Volci was adopted by Germanic speakers and took different forms over time: Walachen, Welchland, Wallis, Wallais, Wallons, Wales, Welschme etc. These terms are still visible in different European languages today and refer to ‘Latin speaker.’ The Slavic speakers borrowed the word from the Germans as: Olahy, Olahi, Valachi, Voloh, Vloh whereas the Byzantines borrowed it as ‘Vlachs’ (Tapanikos, 2020). Their isolated modus vivendi, between pastoral valleys and high mountains, confined them to hardship and socio-cultural periphery, and allowed relative immunity from major European conflicts and periods of unrest spanning short of a millennium. From 1975 when the modern Greek Republic is finally consolidated, the ideology of ‘one people, one language’ is an intrinsic part of Greek nationality and nationalism (Moschonas, 2004). Lacking written, standardized forms, Aromanian has been transmitted orally from generation to generation in the Epirus, Macedonia and Thessally regions of Greece. With profound socio-economic changes and rewards, Aromanians left their pastoral lifestyle in large numbers (Beis, 2000) attracted by prospects of a better future in Greek urban centers and Western European countries, USA, or Australia. In modern times, with Greek being the only language of instruction and communication in the wider society (Chomsky, 1971), the generational language-transfer cycle has been broken, and Aromanian is now endangered (Dinas et al., 2011). On the other hand, Aromanian folklore and traditional festivals are very much alive through associations like the Pan-Hellenic Federation of Cultural Associations of Vlachs, while many self-identified Aromanians do not speak a word of their ancestral language, by choice (Kahl, 2004). How did this (apparent) contradiction come to be? What drove Aromanians away from their language and led to the assimilation into Greek society, language, and culture so completely that it will lead to the death of Aromanian in Greece?
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Witcher, Robert. "Albania and France - Michael L. Galaty, Ols Lafe, Wayne E. Lee & Zamir Tafilica (ed.). Light and shadow: isolation and interaction in the Shala valley of northern Albania (Monumenta Archaeologica 28). xxvi+272 pages, 18 tables. 2013. Los Angeles (CA): Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press; 978-1-931745-71-0 hardback; $65. - David Austin, Rosamond Faith, Andrew Fleming & David Siddle. Cipières: community and landscape in the Alpes-Maritimes, France. xvi+333 pages, 223 colour and b&w illustrations. 2013. Oxford: Windgather; 978-1-905119-99-8 paperback £38." Antiquity 88, no. 340 (June 1, 2014): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00121052.
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Filipovic, Vojislav. "Early iron age burial complex from the Svrljig area." Starinar, no. 63 (2013): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1363209f.
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In 2005, a group of objects was ploughed up, comprising a bronze openwork belt, bronze belt parts in the form of a four-spoked wheel, a bronze bell-shaped pendant, the arc of a bimetal fibula, fragment(s) of an iron sword, and part(s) of a horse's iron bit, at the Kalnica site in the village of Nisevac. According to the finder, while ploughing a field, his plough dug up several larger slab-shaped stones, beneath which were found the above objects, as well as fragments of human bones. The most important finds from the Kalnica grave are three parts of a bronze openwork belt (fig. 3a-c) and three bronze belt parts in the form of a four-spoked wheel. According to the finder, the belt was composed of three more belt links, two or three parts in the form of a wheel, and a final segment with a larger round buckle. The links of the belt were cast, with dimensions of 4.2-4.3 cm (length), 2-2.1 cm (height) and 0.6-0.7 cm (width). All three links were made in the same mold, after which they were decorated with perforations, incisions, and points in an identical manner. The circular bronze parts of the belt in the shape of a four-spoked wheel (fig. 3d-f) were cast, with a diametar of 2-2.1 cm, and their height precisely matches the links of the belt. All three circular parts were made in the same mold and then decorated with perforations, incisions, and points. One more item from this group of finds that probably belongs to the belt collection, is a bronze bell-shaped pendant (fig. 4/a), with a height of 4 cm and a diameter of 1.7-1.8 cm. A larger arc of a bimetal fibula was discovered in the grave, with its foot in the shape of an hourglass. The arc is 5.5 cm in width, decorated with dense small ribs. Part of a damaged horse's iron bit 11 x 4.3 cm in dimension was also found in the grave (fig. 4/c). The last find in this collection comprises part of a bent single-bladed iron sword, 11.9 x 4.4 cm (fig. 4/d). In this kind of bent sword, a so-called T end is usually found at the end of the handle/hilt, so we suppose that this sword had such an end. Bearing in mind the chronological classification of all finds from this destroyed grave (fig. 5), the openwork belt from Kalnica could be dated to the end of the VII or the very beginning of the VI centuries BC at the earliest. Such dating in principle agrees with the Ha C2/D1 central-European period, i.e. horizontal 2 according to R. Vasic, since other finds of openwork belts were dated to this period by the same author. Nevertheless, the type II iron bit does raise a slight doubt regarding the dating of the Kalnica belt, since according to M. Werner such belts were dominant in the Ha D2/3 period, i.e. at the end of the first half of the Vth century BC. The find of the composite belt from Kalnica raises several interesting observations. Firstly, the belt differs from most examples previously discovered on the territory of south-eastern Europe in that most belt link sets were formed in the shape of a square, with less frequent deviation regarding link dimensions, while those of the belt from Kalnica are relatively elongated. Links similar to the Kalnica elongated links have only be discovered in north Macedonia and in grave 5 of tumulus I in the Kenete site in Albania. The difference in the decoration of the belt from Kalnica compared with other belts is interesting. They are decorated with pierced triangles and perforated concentric circles, with a central point, repeated in countless combinations. Half-elliptical perforations appear for the first time on the belt from Kalnica, to some extent inexpertly carried out. Openwork belts have been discovered throughout the territory between the Timok river in Serbia and the Isker in Bulgaria, although according to recently published finds from the Trojan region in Bulgaria, that area could be extended eastward to the Rosica river. Outside these territories, more significant groupings are visible in the Vardar valley in Macedonia, as well as in an early Iron Age necropolis in the Donja dolina in northern Bosnia. The production center of these belts is connected with the Zlot group (Zlot-Sofronijevo), or with the Triballi tribe, but it could be said that in the VII and VI centuries BC such belts were also worn among their neighbors.
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Schon, Robert, and Michael L. Galaty. "Diachronic Frontiers: Landscape Archaeology in Highland Albania." Journal of World-Systems Research, August 26, 2006, 231–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2006.370.
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The modern practice of archaeological surveyregional, intensive, diachronic, and interdisciplinaryis well-suited to the study of frontiers. In this paper we provide the example of the Shala Valley Project, which studies the northern Albanian mountain valley of Shala, home to the Shala tribe. Northern Albania is the only place in Europe where tribal societies survived into the 20th century. We attribute their survival to the frontier position of northern Albania, wherein tribal chiefs controlled access to and through valley systems. Shala provides a classic example of a refuge society, perched within a strongly contested peripheral zone. The tribe actively and creatively resisted state incorporation during both the Ottoman (Early Modern) and Modern periods. The northern Albanian frontier may have formed much earlier, though, perhaps as early as the Bronze Age. We bring a broad array of evidence to bear on this question, drawn from the ethno-historical, excavation, and of course, survey-archaeological records.
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Campuzano Duque, Luis Fernando, and Ramon Gualdrón Acosta. "Desempeño productivo y adaptación de Jatropha curcas L. en tres ecorregiones en Colombia." Agronomía Mesoamericana, May 1, 2020, 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v31i2.39213.
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Introducción. Jatropha curcas L., es una especie con alto contenido de aceite apto para biocombustible; no obstante, por su condición silvestre, el rendimiento de fruto y de aceite es bajo; por lo tanto, amerita mejoramiento genético. Objetivo. Conocer el desempeño productivo de J. curcas en tres ecorregiones de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. El trabajo fue realizado de 2012 a 2014. Fue establecido un diseño de bloques completos al azar con quince genotipos en tres ecorregiones (Caribe seco, Valle interandino y Orinoquía). Se utilizó el modelo AMMI y su gráfico biplot para determinar la estabilidad fenotípica del rendimiento de fruto y con el rendimiento de aceite se determinó el beneficio neto y la relación beneficio-costo. Resultados. En dos de las tres ecorregiones empleadas, Caribe seco y Valle interandino, J. curcas presentó un rendimiento acumulado de fruto de 3,6 t ha-1 y 6,7 t ha-1, respectivamente; en la región de Orinoquía el rendimiento fue menor a 0,1 t ha-1. El costo de un litro de aceite de J. curcas fue de US$1,07 para Albania (Caribe seco) y US$1,24 para Espinal (Valle interandino), superior al del aceite de palma africana (Elaeis guineensis) de US$0,89. Conclusión. Los quince genotipos de J. curcas evaluados en este estudio mostraron el mejor desempeño productivo en Albania (Caribe seco) y en Espinal (Valle interandino), y el genotipo CJC3 fue el de mejor producción de frutos y de aceite.
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Galaty, Michael L., Wayne E. Lee, Charles Watkinson, Zamir Tafilica, and Ols Lafe. "Fort, Tower, or House? Building a Landscape of Settlement in the Shala Valley of High Albania." Internet Archaeology, no. 27 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.11141/ia.27.1.
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Nadine Hoffmann. "The active tectonic landscape of Lake Ohrid (FYR of Macedonia/Albania)." Annals of Geophysics 56, no. 6 (February 21, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-6254.
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<p><span style="font-family: CMR10; font-size: medium;">The study area at the Lake Ohrid Basin is located on 693 m a.s.l. at the south-western border of the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia with Albania. It is a suitable location for neotectonic studies. It exhibits a large variety of morphological expressions associated with the seismic activity of the region. Linear bedrock fault scarps give the relief on both sides of the lake a staircase-like appearance; other features are wine-glass shaped valleys and triangular facets. These often short living features are used to identify active faults and to parameterise palaeoearthquakes (slip rates, subsidence and erosion). According to the results of fault scarp profiling a halfgraben shape of the basin is proposed with the west coast being dominated by mass wasting processes most likely triggered by seismic events.</span></p>
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PASPALI, GLIGOR, SELFO ORUÇI, MYNYR KONI, IAIN FRANK WILSON, BORIS KRYSTUFEK, and FERDINAND BEGO. "Seasonal variation of small mammals in the diet of the barn owl (Tyto alba) in the Drinos River valley, southern Albania." Turkish Journal of Zoology, January 1, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1203-25.
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Zaro, Gregory. "Book Review of Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania, edited by Michael L. Galaty, Ols Lafe, Wayne E. Lee, and Zamir Tafilica." American Journal of Archaeology 120, no. 3 (July 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.3764/ajaonline1203.zaro.
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Dolukhanyan, Aelita. "Միջազգային հռչակի տեր բյուզանդագետն ու հայագետը." Historical-Philological Journal, July 20, 2021, 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52853/01350536-2021.2-7.
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Nicholas Adonts (1871–1942) is one of the outstanding Armenian scholars who received an excellent education in Russia and Europe. During his studies at the University of St. Petersburg and later, when he improved his knowledge in well-known educational centers of Europe – in London, Paris, Vienna, Strasbourg and Munich, Adonts had the support of the great national benefactor Alexander Mantashiants. Eight volumes of Adonts’ works were published by Yerevan State University with the support of the Armenian branch of the Galust Gyulbenkian Foundation. Adonts left no autobiographical memories․ They would have been extremely interesting, since his life was really amazing. Tigran the Great (95–55 BC) was the most beloved historical figure of Adonts. He actually confirms that Tigran manifested himself as a world sovereign and enlightener, and his activities require new elucidation. Adonts presents the great deeds and military successes of the representatives of the princely house of Mamikonians in the Byzantine Empire. The study “The Fame of Bagratids” by Adonts is very interesting; it represents the branches of the Armenian royal house of Bagratids in Georgia, Caucasian Albania and Artsakh. In his extensive article “The Historical Basis and Ideological Value of the Novel David Bek”, the historian takes an exploratory approach while describing the historical events of the novel David Bek by Raffi. Especially rich is the heritage of the scientist in Byzantine studies, which has two branches of scientific and cognitive significance. Firstly, it presents important events of the history of Byzantium, and then the famous figures of this history, who were Armenians by nationality. In 1928 Adonts made a new discovery in Byzantine studies, exploring the “Historical basis of the Byzantine epic Digenis Acritas”. He proved that the epic poem was not Greek, since the homeland and place of activity of the main hero are the Euphrates valley, and his exploits take place in Western Armenia. Adonts was a devoted defendet of the Armenian Cause and dedicated many articles to this issue. Adonts left three monumental monographs as a legacy to science. These are: Armenia in the Era of Justinian (1908), Dionysius of Thrace and Armenian Commentators (1915) and the posthumously published Critical History of Armenia (1946). The scientific heritage of Adonts in the field of Byzantine studies and Armenology is rich with many scientific discoveries, whose value will be preserved forever.