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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Tokuda, Momoko, Kenji Matsuda, Takeshi Nagai, Junya Nakamura, Tokimasa Kawabata, and Susumu Ikeno. "TEM Observation of Cu and Ag Addition Al-Mg-Si Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.81.

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It has been known that Cu-and Ag-addition Al-1.0mass%Mg2Si alloys (Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy and Al-Mg-Si-Ag alloy) have higher hardness and elongation than those of Al-1.0mass%Mg2Si alloy. In this study, the aging behaviour of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Ag alloy and (Cu+Ag)-addition Al-1.0 mass% Mg2Si alloy (Al –Mg –Si-Cu-Ag alloy) has been investigated by hardness test and TEM observation. The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ag alloy has the fastest age-hardening rate in the early aging period and the finest microstructure at the peak hardness among three alloys. Therefore the microstructure of the precipitate in Al–Mg–Si-Cu-Ag alloy has been investigated by HRTEM observation to understand the effect of Cu and Ag addition on aging precipitation.
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2

Tokuda, M., K. Matsuda, T. Nagai, T. Kawabata, J. Nakamura, and S. Ikeno. "Hrtem Observation of the Precipitates in Cu and Ag Added Al-Mg-Si Alloys." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0200-7.

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It has been known that Cu- and Ag-added Al-1.0mass%Mg2Si alloys (Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy and Al-Mg-Si-Ag alloy) have higher hardness and elongation than those of Al-1.0mass%Mg2Si alloy. In this study, the aging behaviour of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, Al-Mg-Si-Ag alloy and (Cu+Ag)-addition Al -1.0 mass% Mg2Si alloy has been investigated by hardness test and TEM observation. The Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ag alloy has the fastest age-hardening rate in the early aging period and the finest microstructure at the peak hardness among three alloys. Therefore the microstructure of the precipitate in Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ag alloy has been investigated by HRTEM observation to understand the effect of Cu and Ag addition on aging precipitation.
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3

Zhao, Jing Rui, Yong Du, Li Jun Zhang, Shu Hong Liu, Jin Huan Xia, and Jin Wei Wang. "Thermodynamic Calculation of the Liquidus Projections of the Al-Cu-Fe-Si and Al-Cu-Fe-Mg-Si Multicomponent Systems on Al-Rich Side." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.984.

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The thermodynamic calculations of Al–Cu–Fe–Si quaternary system and Al–Cu–Fe–Mg–Si quinary system were carried out using CALPHAD approach based on the Al–Cu–Fe–Mg–Si thermodynamic database. The liquidus surface projection of Al–Cu–Fe–Si quaternary system at the Al-rich corner was constructed, and then the solidification structures of four Al–Cu–Fe–Si alloys were analyzed by the Gulliver-Scheil solidification simulation. The calculated results were in good agreement with the previous experimental data. The liquidus surface projections of A1–Cu–Fe–Mg–Si quinary system at the region of Al-Cu, Al-Si and Al-Mg were constructed, respectively. The liquidus projection of the multicomponent aluminum alloy system at the Al-rich side was accurately drawn, which could accurately predict the primary phase in the solidification process of the alloy. This work has an important guiding significance for the design of the aluminum alloys.
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4

Pan, Yan Peng, Zhi Feng Zhang, Bao Li, Bi Cheng Yang, and Jun Xu. "Effect of Alloying Elements on Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloys." Materials Science Forum 817 (April 2015): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.817.127.

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To develop Al-Si cast alloys with high performance is important for lightweighting vehicles. In this study, the effects of the alloying elements such as Si, Cu, Mg contents (5%-7% Si, 1%-3%Cu, 0.3%-0.9%Mg) on mechanical properties of a test Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy was studied to achieve a specific composition. The experimental results show that the Al-6%Si-3%Cu-0.3%Mg alloy has better comprehensive mechanical properties after T6 heat treatment, which indicates a remarkable interaction of the alloying elements for improving performance.
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5

BASKOUTAS, S., V. KAPAKLIS, and C. POLITIS. "BULK AMORPHOUS Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ti5 AND Zr55Cu19Al8Ni8Ti5Si5 ALLOYS PREPARED BY ARC MELTING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 24 (September 20, 2002): 3707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202013018.

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We have produced bulk amorphous materials by quenching arc melted melts in water cooled copper die. Alloys of the composition Zr 57 Cu 20 Al 10 Ni 8 Ti 5 and Zr 55 Cu 19 Al 8 Ni 8 Ti 5 Si 5 were produced in the form of small cylinders with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 25 mm. The alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis to determine the structure and thermal properties. Complete amorphous X-ray patterns were observed for both alloys. The glass transition temperature is 362°C for the Zr 57 Cu 20 Al 10 Ni 8 Ti 5 alloy and 363°C for the Zr 55 Cu 19 Al 8 Ni 8 Ti 5 Si 5 alloy. The crystallization temperature of the Zr 57 Cu 20 Al 10 Ni 8 Ti 5 alloy was measured to be 414.6°C. The Zr 55 Cu 19 Al 8 Ni 8 Ti 5 Si 5 alloy has a higher crystallization temperature of 425.5°C.
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6

Zhao, Jing Rui, Yong Du, Li Jun Zhang, Shu Hong Liu, Jin Huan Xia, and Jin Wei Wang. "Thermodynamic Calculation of the Liquidus Projections of the Al-Cu-Fe-Mg, Al-Cu-Mg-Si, and Al-Fe-Mg-Si Quaternary Systems on Al-Rich Corner." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 1031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.1031.

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The thermodynamic calculations of Al-Cu-Fe-Mg, Al-Cu-Mg-Si and Al–Fe–Mg–Si quaternary systems were carried out using CALPHAD method, based on the Al–Cu–Fe–Mg–Si thermodynamic database. The liquidus projection of Al–Cu–Fe–Mg, Al–Cu–Mg–Si and Al–Fe–Mg–Si quaternary systems at Al-rich corner were constructed, and the solidification structures of Al-12Cu-7Mg-1Fe, Al-14Cu-2Mg-4Si, Al-0.3Fe-6Mg-12Si (wt.%) alloys were analyzed by the Scheil solidification simulation. The calculated results agree well with the previous experimental data. The liquidus projections of three quaternary aluminum alloys at the Al-rich corner were accurately plotted, which could be helpful for the analysis of solidification process of multicomponent alloy systems, and provide an important theoretical basis for the material design of aluminum alloys.
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7

Alexopoulos, Nikolaos D., Vangelis Migklis, Stavros K. Kourkoulis, and Zaira Marioli-Riga. "Fatigue Behavior of Aerospace Al-Cu, Al-Li and Al-Mg-Si Sheet Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 1099 (April 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1099.1.

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In the present work, an experimental study was performed to characterize and analyze the tensile and constant amplitude fatigue mechanical behavior of several aluminum alloys, namely 2024 (Al-Cu), 2198 (Al-Li) and 6156 (Al-Mg-Si). Al-Li alloy was found to be superior of 2024 in the high cycle fatigue and fatigue endurance limit regimes, especially when considering specific mechanical properties. Alloy 6156 was found to have superior constant amplitude fatigue performance that the respective 6xxx series alloys; more than 15% higher endurance limit was noticed against 6061 and almost 30% higher than 6082. Alloy 6156 presented only a marginal increase in fatigue life for the HCF regime.
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8

Asmael, M. B. A., Roslee Ahmad, Ali Ourdjini, and S. Farahany. "Effect of Elements Cerium and Lanthanum on Eutectic Solidification of Al-Si-Cu near Eutectic Cast Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.118.

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The properties of Al-Si-Cu cast alloys are strongly affected by eutectic Al-Si and Al-Cu phases. The characteristic parameters of these two phases with additions cerium 1wt % (Ce) and lanthanum1 wt % (La) were investigated in Al-11Si-2Cu near eutectic alloy using computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis. As a result, the La additive showed the highest (TNAl-Si) while the Ce additive showed very little effect. In addition, the growth temperature (TGAl-Si) is decreased by adding Ce compared to the base alloy and La addition. Additives showed an increase of recalescence magnitude (TRAl-Si). Addition La and Ce increased the nucleation and growth temperature of Al-Cu phase. The microstructure analysis on the silicon morphology showed that 1 wt % La and 1 wt % Ce additions play refiner role in Al-Si-Cu near eutectic alloys. Findings are also confirmed by aspect ratio of eutectic silicon phase.
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9

Zhang, Huidi, Bin Chen, Jianfei Hao, Huishu Wu, Ming Chen, Weirong Li, Runxia Li, and Biao Wang. "Effects of Cu/Er on Tensile Properties of Cast Al-Si Alloy at Low Temperature." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16030902.

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The current protocol presents the effects of the addition of Cu, rare earth Er, and Cu-Er composite elements on the microstructure of the Al-10Si-0.3Mg alloy. The variations in their low-temperature tensile properties were also investigated. The addition of rare earth Er elements, Cu elements, and Cu-Er composite elements increased the strength of all three groups of alloys when stretched at low temperatures (−60 °C). Further, the elongation of the alloy increased with the addition of Er, while the elongation of the other two groups decreased. The low-temperature (−60 °C) tensile strength of the alloy with the same composition was higher than that at room temperature (20 °C), but the elongation decreased. Notably, by adding rare earth Er to the Al-10Si-0.3Mg alloy, the three-dimensional morphology was changed from coarse dendritic to fine fibrous, the secondary dendritic arm spacing (SDAS) of the alloy was reduced, and the grains were refined. The Al2Cu phase, Al-Si-Cu-Mg quaternary phase, and Cu-rich phase appeared in the alloy with the addition of Cu elements, but the Si phase morphology and α-Al dendrites were not significantly improved. Interestingly, the Si phase morphology of the alloy was improved by adding Cu-Er composite elements, and SDAS was reduced. Still, the Al2Cu phase, Al-Si-Cu-Mg quaternary phase, and Cu-rich phase were not much improved.
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10

Cheng, Xiao Min, Xin Chen, Yuan Yuan Li, and Yong Gang Tan. "Research on the Properties of the Thermal Storage and Corrosion of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1064.

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In this paper, various kinds of high-temperature phase change thermal storage Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn alloys were prepared, and the thermal properties were studied through integrated thermal analysis. Then the corrosion kinetics of Cr20Ni80 alloy in Al-7% Si alloy and Al-Cu-Mg-Zn alloy at 700°C in thermal cycles were obtained. The microstructures, element concentration and phases in the interface were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope, EPMA and XRD. The results show that all materials phase transition temperatures are during 450°C ~650°C . The total thermal energies of the materials are higher than 900J/cm3. Quaternary alloys and quinary alloys show much more advantages when applying for solar thermal power generation systems. The latent heat depends strongly upon the composition and percentage of elements and the phase composition. Besides, experimental results show that the corrosion rate of Cr20Ni80 alloy in Al-7%Si alloy at 700°C is 0.167mm/h. Under thermal cycling conditions, the corrosion rate of Cr20Ni80 alloy in Al-Cu-Mg-Zn alloy is a little lower and the reaction interface layer does not significantly affect the rate of further corrosion. The corrosion of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn phase change thermal storage materials depends on the content of aluminum element, and nickel-based alloys are not suitable for use as packaging materials.
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11

Wang, Zhige, Liang Dong, Bin Hu, and Bin Chen. "The Effect of Cu Addition on Corrosion Resistance of Al-Si-Mg-Cr Alloy." Metals 13, no. 4 (April 18, 2023): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13040795.

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Two kinds of alloys with and without the addition of Cu, Al-7%Si-0.3%Mg-0.3%Cr and Al-7%Si-0.3%Mg-0.3%Cr-1.5%Cu, are studied in this work. The addition of Cu can improve notably the strength of Al alloy but it reduces its corrosion resistance. In this study, the electrochemical workstation is used to measure the open circuit potential and polarization curve of alloys and immersion corrosion is carried out. SEM and TEM images are taken before and after immersion corrosion to observe the pitting and intergranular corrosion of the alloy. Results show that the addition of Cu accelerates the immersion corrosion rate of Al alloy by 26.8% to 269.2%. Which affects the peak ageing and overageing samples the most. The influence is less evident for underaged samples. At the same time, the addition of Cu aggravates the aggregation of pitting corrosion in the primary step of corrosion of Al alloy and the intergranular corrosion around and within the pitting hole. β″-Mg5Si6 precipitates and θ″-Al3Cu precipitates are observed in Al-7%Si-0.3%Mg-0.3%Cr-1.5%Cu alloy. The Cu atoms occupy Si3/Al site of β″ and segregate at the edge of β″. It is believed that the deterioration of corrosion performance essentially is attributed to the Si-enriched particles, Al13Cr4Si4 phase and the Cu-enriched precipitates, β″-Mg5Si6 precipitates and θ″-Al3Cu precipitates.
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12

Shah, Abdul Wahid, Seong-Ho Ha, Jabir Ali Siddique, Bong-Hwan Kim, Young-Ok Yoon, Hyun-Kyu Lim, and Shae K. Kim. "Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Al–Cu–Mg Alloys with Si Addition." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072783.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the addition of a minor quantity of Si on the microstructure evolution, heat treatment response, and mechanical properties of the Al–4.5Cu–0.15Ti–3.0Mg alloy. The microstructure analysis of the base alloy revealed the presence of α-Al grains, eutectic α-Al-Al2CuMg (S) phases, and Mg32(Al, Cu)49 (T) phases within the Al grains. In contrast, the Si-added alloy featured the eutectic α-Al-Mg2Si phases, eutectic α-Al-S-Mg2Si, and Ti-Si-based intermetallic compounds in addition to the aforementioned phases. The study found that the Si-added alloy had a greater quantity of T phase in comparison to the base alloy, which was attributed to the promotion of T phase precipitation facilitated by the inclusion of Si. Additionally, Si facilitated the formation of S phase during aging treatment, thereby accelerating the precipitation-hardening response of the Si-added alloy. The as-cast temper of the base alloy displayed a yield strength of roughly 153 MPa, which increased to 170 MPa in the Si-added alloy. As a result of the aging treatment, both alloys exhibited a notable increase in tensile strength, which was ascribed to the precipitation of S phases. In the T6 temper, the base alloy exhibited a yield strength of 270 MPa, while the Si-added alloy exhibited a significantly higher yield strength of 324 MPa. This novel Si-added alloy demonstrated superior tensile properties compared to many commercially available high-Mg-added Al–Cu–Mg alloys, making it a potential replacement for such alloys in various applications within the aerospace and automotive industries.
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13

Nishikubo, Masaya, Kenji Matsuda, Yoshihisa Oe, Jyunya Nakamura, and Susumu Ikeno. "Aging Precipitation of Al-Mg-Si Alloys with Additions of Ag and Cu." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 981–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.981.

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In this study, the aging behaviour of several Al-Mg-Si alloys (Al-Mg-Si-Cu , Al-Mg-Si-Ag and Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Ag) has been investigated by hardness tests and TEM observations. Comparing the age-hardening rate in the early period of these alloys, the alloys with Cu or/and Ag addition are faster than that of the base alloy, and the aging time to reach the maximum hardness of the alloys with Cu or/and Ag addition is shorter than that of the base alloy.Therefore the aging behaviour of that alloys has been investigated by TEM observations to understand the effect of Cu, Ag and Cu+Ag additions on aging precipitation.
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14

Jing, Yan, Chao Zhang, Jun Ma, and Yongzhong Jia. "Corrosion behaviour of Mn‐Si‐Fe‐Cu‐Al alloy explosion suppression materials." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 60, no. 5 (September 6, 2013): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-08-2012-1197.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to prepare the Mn‐Si‐Fe‐Cu‐Al alloy explosion suppression materials, and determine the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy explosion suppression materials in HCl and NaOH solutions. The different mechanism of corrosion was discussed.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, Mn‐Si‐Fe‐Cu‐Al alloy explosion suppression materials were prepared, and the electrochemical behavior of the EAESM was studied. The corrosion parameters were calculated and the mechanism of the corrosion process was discussed. The corrosion behavior was characterized by immersion tests and SEM at room temperature.FindingsMn‐Si‐Fe‐Cu‐Al alloy explosion suppression materials have been prepared. SEM, the polarization curves showed that materials have corrosion resistance. The best content of Al alloy is Mn 0.880%, Si 0.135%, Fe 0.383% and Cu 0.0835%.Originality/valueThe results of this investigation show that adding alloying elements can form new strengthening phases that influence the corrosion resistance of alloys.
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15

Matsuda, Kenji, Junya Nakamura, Tokimasa Kawabata, Susumu Ikeno, Tatsuo Sato, Calin D. Marioara, Sigmund J. Andersen, and Randi Holmestad. "Effect of Additional Elements (Cu, Ag) on Precipitation in 6xxx (Al-Mg-Si) Alloys." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.357.

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It has been known that Cu- or Ag-addition Al-1.0mass%Mg2Si (balanced) alloys shows higher hardness and elongation than Cu-free or Ag-free balance alloy. In this study, the alloys with Cu or Ag addition and the alloys with Si / Mg in excess have been investigated by hardness and tensile tests and HRTEM observation. Cu addition is effective for higher hardness, and Ag-addition is useful for improvement of elongation for peak-aged samples. Precipitates in peak aged these alloys have been confirmed by HRTEM. Cu-addition alloy almost includes Q’-phase, and Ag-addition alloy includes b’-phase. The precipitation sequence of Ag- or Cu addition Al-Mg-Si alloy was investigated using HRTEM, SAED, and EDS. The precipitates obtained in the two alloys were classified into several kinds by HRTEM images and SAED patterns. The relative frequencies of precipitates were also investigated and compared with that in the alloy.
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16

Dong, Zhong-Qiang, Jin-Guo Wang, Zhi-Ping Guan, Pin-Kui Ma, Po Zhao, Zhu-Jin Li, Tian-Shi Lu, and Rui-Fang Yan. "Effect of Short T6 Heat Treatment on the Thermal Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Different Casting Processes Al-Si-Mg-Cu Alloys." Metals 11, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091450.

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The thermal conductivity of alloys is gradually becoming appreciated. It is often assumed that heat treatment can improve the thermal conductivity of Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloys, but there has been little relevant research. This paper studies the effects of different casting processes and short T6 heat treatment (ST6) on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloys. The results show that a microstructure with fine α-Al crystal grains can be obtained by semi-solid die casting (SSDC), improving the mechanical properties of the Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy in the as-cast state. After SSDC, the size and aspect ratio of eutectic silicon can be reduced by ST6 treatment, effectively improving the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the alloy. Finally, the influence of eutectic silicon on electron transport is analyzed in detail. With the SSDC + ST6 processing technology, Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloys with excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical properties can be obtained.
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17

Hida, Shintaro, Šárka Mikmeková, Kenji Matsuda, and Susumu Ikeno. "Observation of large Equilibrium Phase of Al-Mg-Si Alloys." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.977.

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The precipitation sequence in Al-Mg-Si alloy is generally accepted as supersaturated solid solution GP-zone β β β (Mg2Si). The effect of Ag or Cu in Al-Mg-Si alloy was reported in our previous work. There is little report about effect of Ag or Cu on the metastable phase and equilibrium phase in this alloy the system. Hexagonal plate like β-phase and Q-phase were observed the Cu added alloy. This hexagonal-shaped β-phase has unique orientation relationship to the Al matrix. This work was performed to compare the shape of effect of the additional elements on the equilibrium phase. The hexagonal shape precipitate was observed in Cu or Ag added alloys aged at 673K.
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18

А. V., Sinchuk, and Merkkulov O. E. "Reducing the sensitivity of high-silicon Al-Mg-Si(Cu) alloys to intergranular corrosion." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 104, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2022.04.011.

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The mechanical properties and susceptibility to intergranular corrosion (IGC) of Al-Mg-Si(Cu) aircraft alloys containing 1.4-1.5%Si were studied. A different Mg/Si ratio and a different phase content of Mg2Si and Si, as a consequence, were realized for them by varying the chemical composition. It is shown, that the strength of the alloys increases and the resistance to MGC decreases as the chemical composition of the alloy moves away from the quasi-binary cross-section and the amount of residual silicon Si+ above the limit required for Mg2Si formation is enhanced. Marked No. 2 the strongest alloy and the least corrosion-resistant, at the same time, which has UTS ≥350 MPa and MGC penetration depth of more than 100 μm was determined. It contains 0.7 % Si+ and, among the other experimental alloys, this one is the closest to the upper solubility limit of 1.85 % Mg2Si in aluminum. The negative effect of Cu and Fe on MGC, as well as the temporary delay, if any between quenching and strengthening heat treatment (artificial aging), was demonstrated. A series of isothermal curves, which characterize the strengthening of alloy No. 2 during artificial aging, was obtained, and it is shown, there is no isothermal processing within the temperature range of 145-200 °С, which would increase its resistance to MGC. Analyzing the generally accepted sequence of phase transformations, which takes place during the decomposition of a supersaturated solid solution after quenching, two-stage treatment modes of 145 °С, 4 h + 220 °С, 0.5 h and 145 °С, 2 h + 165 °С, 4 h were found and tested. They provided decreasing the maximum depth of MGC penetration by approximately 1.5-2.5 without significant worsening of the mechanical properties for alloy No. 2. Keywords: aircraft alloys, strength, intergranular corrosion, residual silicon, artificial aging, multi-stage processing.
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19

Xu, Ding, Yang, Zhang, Gao, Wu, Chen, Chen, Huang, and Tang. "Effect of Si Addition on Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Al-Fe-Cu-La Alloy for Current Collector of Lithium Battery." Metals 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101072.

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The increasing demand for high-performance current collectors of lithium ion secondary batteries requires that the employed aluminum alloys have better mechanical properties and superior electrochemical performance. The effect of Si addition on the microstructure, tensile and electrochemical performance of Al-Fe-Cu-La alloy was investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, a tensile test, conductivity test and Tafel polarization curve test. Experimental results indicated that Si addition to the Al-Fe-Cu-La alloy helped to refine the longitudinal grain size of the alloy. The Si-containing phase (AlFeSi) nucleated and grew along the surface of the AlFeLa phase. The Si addition to the Al-Fe-Cu-La alloy could greatly increase the tensile strength in the temperature range of −20 °C to 50 °C and improve high temperature stability of the alloy. Also, the addition of Si promoted the formation of the AlFeSi ternary phase, which helped to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy.
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20

Achiţei, Dragoş Cristian, Petrică Vizureanu, Mirabela Georgiana Minciună, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, and Ioan Gabriel Sandu. "Study on Al-Si Alloys Properties Enhancement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.634.

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The paper presents a study about aluminum alloy, allied with Si, Cu, Mn, Mg. The Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys for foundry are used for parts strongly required and which work at high temperatures, due to their good wear resistance. The industrial Al-Cu alloys contain 12 % cooper, are hipo-eutectic and may be for foundry or deformable. By alloying with magnesium, the Al-Cu alloys become with remarkable properties of resistance and plastic deformation processing. The improvement of mechanical characteristics for Al-Si alloys is realized with metals which forms the intermediate phases with silicon or aluminum, with variable solubility in solid state and which permits the structural hardening by heat treatments (quenching and ageing). From the analysis of dilatogramms, grouped for each sample, with the specific initial length, subjected to successive heating, from ambiance temperature up to 500°C, it is found that, with the appearance of ageing phenomena, on the samples aren’t significant modifications for elongation (few microns), only different may be the form of elongation-temperature curve. This analysis permits the determination of experimental data, regarding the behavior of Al-Si alloy subjected to heat treatments and repeated warming. Therefore, the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys, for foundry, are used for manufacture the parts strong required and which work at high temperatures, like pistons for engines with internal burn, parts for machines and reinforcements construction, due to their high usage resistance.
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21

Park, M., S. J. Krause, and S. R. Wilson. "The effects of deposition and annealing condition on the microstractural evolution of Al-Cu and Al-Cu-Si thin films." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 822–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100088427.

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Aluminum alloys (Al-Cu and Al-Cu-Si) are the most extensively used metals for interconnects in integrated circuits. Cu additions enhance electro-thermal migration resistance, but may increase corrosion susceptibility in both reactive ion etching and wet processing due to the formation of Al2Cu (θ) precipitates. Si was originally added to minimize erosion in contact windows, however it was recently found that the addition of 1.5% or 0.5% Si in Al-Cu alloy improves its corrosion resistance. θ precipitates in binary alloys have been found to occur at the Al/sublayer interface during high temperature (>200°C) deposition due to the fast surface diffusion of Cu. For the higher temperature deposition in the Al solid solution region, platelike θ precipitates were also formed at the interface and grain boundaries during a fast cooldown of wafers. However, it has not been well understood how the addition of Si in Al-Cu alters the thin film microstructure and increases the corrosion resistance. In this work, the effects of Si addition and deposition temperature on the film microstructure were studied for different alloy compositions and sublayers. The effects of thermal annealing on the interaction of Al films with Ti-W sublayer were also studied.
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22

ARSLAN, Hüseyin. "Viscosity Values of Ternary Au-Ag-Cu, Al-Cu-Si and Quaternary Al-Cu-Mg-Si Alloy Systems." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 23, no. 4 (August 29, 2023): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1198907.

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Bu çalışmada, üçlü Au-Ag-Cu sıvı alaşım sisteminin, Al-Cu-Si sıvı alaşım sisteminin ve dörtlü Al-Cu-Mg-Si sıvı alaşım sisteminin viskoziteleri altının, aliminyumun ve bakırın bir fonksiyonu olarak Au-Ag-Cu (xAg / xCu=0.543) 1373 K de, Alx(Cu50-Si50)(1-x), Cux(Al50-Si50)(1-x) 1375 K de ve Al-Cu7.6-Mg1.99-Si34.76 1500 K de farklı geometrik modeller kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm sonuçlar, özellikle de Muggianu modeli ile hesaplanan sonuçlar, deneysel sonuçlarla iyi bir uyum göstermiştir. xSi = xCu, xMg / xCu = r ve r = 0.1, 0.5, 1 oranlarda Al-Cu-Mg-Si alaşımlarının viskozitelerinin alüminyumun bir fonksiyonu olarak büyük bileşimsel bağımlılık gösterdiği ve Al kompozisyonunun (0.4-0.8) arasındaki değerlerine eşlik eden viskozite değerlerinin max. ve min. (1.4-0.3) mPas olduğu görüldü.
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23

Lech-Grega, Marzena, and Sonia Boczkal. "Iron Phases in Model Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys." Materials Science Forum 674 (February 2011): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.674.135.

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Iron phases present in alloys from the 6xxx series affect the workability behaviour of these alloys. Iron in these alloys occurs in the form of intermetallic phases and AlFe, α-AlFeSi, β- AlFeSi eutectics. The homogenisation treatment is carried out to induce the transformation of  phase into phase The aim of the studies was EDX and EBSD analysis by scanning microscopy of iron phases present in model alloys based on 6061 system, characterised by the silicon-iron ratio Si/Fe=0,5 and 1, examined in as-cast condition and after homogenisation, followed by a comparison of the detected phases with phases present in industrial ingots. In 6061 alloy, copper in the amount of 0,4wt.% occurred in the solid solution of aluminium. The EDX analysis proved that copper atoms were embedded also in iron precipitates, and scarce phases of an AlxCuy type were being formed. Different content of magnesium in the examined alloys (0,8 and 1,2wt.%) affected not only the quantitative content of Mg2Si phases, but also the presence of AlFe phases in alloy with small content of Si (0,4wt.%) and high content of Mg (1,2wt.%).
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24

YANIL, Aumphol, Patama VISUTTIPITUKUL, Ekasit NISARATANAPORN, and Charasphat PREUKSARATTANAWUT. "Effects of Indium and Gallium ratio on tarnish resistance, corrosion and mechanical properties of 950 silver alloy." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 33, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i1.1589.

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The effects of Indium (In) and Gallium (Ga) ratio on tarnish resistance, corrosion and mechanical properties of 950 silver alloy were studied. 950 Silver alloy with aluminium (Al), silica (Si) and germanium (Ge) were added with In and Ga at the range of 0.44 to 1.90 weight percent. The increment of secondary structure with Ge-Si rich phase in Ag-Al alloy increases hardness, but reduces ultimate tensile strength. The addition of In and Ga improves tarnish and corrosion resistance. The color differences as indicated by Delta E tolerances (DE*) of Ag-Al alloys are in the range of 8.64 to 11.40 while this property of Ag-Cu is 39.37. Ecorr of Ag-Al alloys are in the range of -0.068 to -0.010 V which are higher than that of Ag-Cu Alloy (-0.147 V). Besides, Ga is more effective for tarnish and corrosion resistance than In. However, Ga/In co-addition reduces these properties by the formation of Ge-Si-Ga-In phase. The protective thin film of Ag-Al alloy was detected by XPS. The Al2O3, In2O3 and Ga2O3 films were found. When the proportion of Ga in Ag-Al alloys increases, the hardness marginally increases while the tensile strength slightly reduces. The additions of Al, Ga, In, Ge and Si reduce the melting point of Ag-Al alloys comparing with Ag-Cu alloy and simultaneously improve the casting quality.
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25

VASCONCELOS, ANGELA J., RAFAEL H. KIKUCHI, ANDRÉ S. BARROS, THIAGO A. COSTA, MARCELINO DIAS, ANTONIO L. MOREIRA, ADRINA P. SILVA, and OTÁVIO L. ROCHA. "Interconnection between microstructure and microhardness of directionally solidified binary Al-6wt.%Cu and multicomponent Al-6wt.%Cu-8wt.%Si alloys." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, no. 2 (May 31, 2016): 1099–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150172.

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An experimental study has been carried out to evaluate the microstructural and microhardness evolution on the directionally solidified binary Al-Cu and multicomponent Al-Cu-Si alloys and the influence of Si alloying. For this purpose specimens of Al-6wt.%Cu and Al-6wt.%Cu-8wt.%Si alloys were prepared and directionally solidified under transient conditions of heat extraction. A water-cooled horizontal directional solidification device was applied. A comprehensive characterization is performed including experimental dendrite tip growth rates (VL) and cooling rates (TR) by measuring Vickers microhardness (HV), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis performed by energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results show, for both studied alloys, the increasing of TR and VL reduced the primary dendrite arm spacing (l1) increasing the microhardness. Furthermore, the incorporation of Si in Al-6wt.%Cu alloy to form the Al-6wt.%Cu-8wt.%Si alloy influenced significantly the microstructure and consequently the microhardness but did not affect the primary dendritic growth law. An analysis on the formation of the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) is also performed and the results show that the occurrence of CET is not sharp, i.e., the CET in both cases occurs in a zone rather than in a parallel plane to the chill wall, where both columnar and equiaxed grains are be able to exist.
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26

Lei, Qian, Jian Wang, and Amit Misra. "Mechanical Behavior of Al–Al2Cu–Si and Al–Al2Cu Eutectic Alloys." Crystals 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020194.

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In this study, laser rapid solidification technique was used to refine the microstructure of ternary Al–Cu–Si and binary Al–Cu eutectic alloys to nanoscales. Micropillar compression testing was performed to measure the stress–strain response of the samples with characteristic microstructure in the melt pool regions. The laser-remelted Al–Al2Cu–Si ternary alloy was observed to reach the compressive strength of 1.59 GPa before failure at a strain of 28.5%, which is significantly better than the as-cast alloy with a maximum strength of 0.48 GPa at a failure strain of 4.8%. The laser-remelted Al–Cu binary alloy was observed to reach the compressive strength of 2.07 GPa before failure at a strain of 26.5%, which is significantly better than the as-cast alloy with maximum strength of 0.74 GPa at a failure strain of 3.3%. The enhanced compressive strength and improved compressive plasticity were interpreted in terms of microstructural refinement and hierarchical eutectic morphology.
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27

Burapa, R., S. Rawangwong, J. Chatthong, and Worapong Boonchouytan. "Effects of Mold Temperature and Casting Temperature on Hot Cracking in Al-4.5 wt.% Cu Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.623.

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Hot cracking is an important defect that occurs during solidification of aluminum-copper alloys. In this present work, the effects of mold temperature and casting temperature on hot cracking in the Al-4.5 wt.% Cu alloy has been studied using a ring mold for hot cracking assessment. For the experimental conditions, three mold temperatures between 150 and 350°C and three casting temperatures between 670 and 770°C were studied and Al-7 wt.% Si alloy was used as reference for comparison. The results showed Al-7 wt.% Si alloy has high resistance to hot cracking and no hot cracking forms under three different mold temperatures, while Al-4.5 wt.% Cu alloy shows significant hot cracking tendency under the same casting conditions. The severity of hot cracking in Al-4.5 wt.% Cu alloy decreased significantly with increasing the mold temperature and decreasing the casting temperature. On the other hand, an increasing casting temperature resulted in severer hot cracking in Al-4.5 wt.% Cu alloy.
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28

Bae, Chul-Hong, Seong-Ho Ha, Bong-Hwan Kim, Young-Ok Yoon, Hyun-Kyu Lim, Shae K. Kim, and Young-Jig Kim. "Correlation of Surface Oxidation and Mg-Based Intermetallic Phases in Grain Boundaries of Al–Mg Alloys Containing Third Elements." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 2055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18948.

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In this study, the correlation of surface oxidation and Mg-based intermetallic phases in the grain boundary in Al–Mg alloys containing third elements was investigated. The experimental results were examined by phase diagrams plotted as a function of oxygen partial pressure determined by thermodynamic calculation. The addition of Si and Cu as third elements into the Al–7 mass%Mg alloy formed Mg-based secondary phases during solidification. The 1 mass% Cu addition formed three different types of Mg-based intermetallic compounds. From weight gains by oxidation, all samples exhibited their weight gains depending on time. The Si-added alloy showed a considerably lower weight gain and maintained a nearly constant weight, while the weight gain of the Al–7 mass%Mg–1 mass%Cu alloy was significantly greater than those of other alloys. MgO and MgAl2O4− spinel were the main oxides that formed the oxide scale in all examined alloys. Si addition formed the multi-element oxide including Mg and Si.
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29

Kim, In Bae, Kwang Nyeon Kim, Kyung Hyun Kim, and In Gon Kim. "Effects of Silicon and Chromium on the SCC Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Cast Alloy." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.585.

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Effects of Si and Cr additions and aging treatment on the stress corrosion cracking(SCC) resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu cast alloys were investigated by C-ring test and electrical conductivity measurement. The SCC resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu cast alloys decreased in the order of Cr containing alloy, Si containing alloy and base alloy. The lowest electrical conductivity of Cr containing alloy exhibited the best SCC resistance and this is probably due to an improved corrosion resistance by forming a passive film on the surface. The over-aged alloys showed the better SCC resistance. This is due to the increased distance between coarse particles at grain boundary. The fracture mode of the alloy was confirmed as intergranular type and showed brittle fracture surface. The SCC mechanism of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu cast alloys was found to be the anodic dissolution model.
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30

Karlík, Miroslav, Jiri Faltus, Jitka Nejezchlebová, Petr Haušild, and Petr Harcuba. "Characterisation of Al-Cu and Al-Mg-Si Free-Cutting Alloys." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 1181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.1181.

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Free cutting alloys of Al-Cu (AA2011 and AA2111B) in T6 temper and Al-Mg-Si system (AA6023 and AA6262) in tempers T6 and T8 were subjected to Charpy U - notch impact testing at the temperatures ranging from 20°C to 350°C. The microstructure of the materials was characterized by light metallography, fracture surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The alloys showed a significant decrease in the impact energy KU at temperatures ~125°C (AA2011, AA2111B), ~170°C (AA6023), and ~250°C (AA6262), respectively. This decrease of KU was caused by melting of disperse phases containing low-melting point metals (Pb, Sn, Bi), which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. Additional annealing of the AA6262-T8 alloy for 2h at 400°C followed by slow cooling led to the transformation of Pb + Bi particles accompanied by the shift of the melting temperature from ~250 to ~310 °C. Higher temperature solution annealing of the AA6023 alloy for 30 min at 540°C (as a replacement of common 30 min at 520°C) resulted in a partial transformation of Sn + Bi particles accompanied by melting point shift from ~170 to ~200°C. Chemical composition of the corresponding phases was monitored by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in SEM.
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31

Ibrahim, Mohamed, Mohamed Abdelaziz, Agnes Samuel, Herbert Doty, and Fawzy Samuel. "Spheroidization and Coarsening of Eutectic Si Particles in Al-Si-Based Alloys." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (January 19, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6678280.

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The present study was carried out on three Al-Si cast alloys viz., 319, 356, and 413 alloys, solidified at 8°C/s. Samples from 319 and 413 alloys were solution heat-treated at 510°C, whereas samples from 356 alloy were solutionized at 550°C, for up to 1200 h. The results reveal that complete spheroidization of eutectic Si particles in terms of achieving individual spherical particles cannot be achieved in most Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys even after a solutionizing time of 1200 h which contradicts with the existing theory. Addition of Sr to Cu-free 356 alloy could lead to complete spheroidization after 1200 h at 550°C if the alloy was solidified at 8°C/s. Besides the dissolution theory of Ostwald, coarsening of Si particles can as well take place by impingement, fusion, and agglomeration. Increasing the Si content makes it difficult to achieve spheroidization, i.e., fragmentation and coarsening. Results obtained from observations of deeply etched samples (3D) contradict those obtained from polished samples (2D).
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32

Zhang, Zuo Gui, Eiji Akiyama, Yoshimi Watanabe, Yasuyuki Katada, and Kaneaki Tsuzaki. "Corrosion Behavior of Al-7wt% Si-1.5wt% Cu Severely Deformed by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 2892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2892.

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In this study, an Al-7 wt% Si-1.5 wt% Cu alloy was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by an equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) technique. The ECAP process was repetitively carried out up to 8 passes using a strain introduction method of route BC, at a temperature of 25 °C and a pressing rate of 0.33 mm s-1. Microstructures of the samples before and after ECAP were observed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical properties of the Al-Si-Cu alloy fabricated by ECAP have been investigated in a borate-boric acid buffer solution containing Cl¯ ions at pH 8.3 and 25 °C by potentiodynamic polarization test. Corrosion pits on the sample surface after anodic polarization were investigated by means of SEM. The anodic polarization showed that as-cast Al-Si-Cu alloy with plate-shaped Si particles has poor resistance against pitting corrosion comparing to quenched sample without ECAP. Pitting potentials of ECAPed Al-Si-Cu alloy samples were higher than that of the sample without ECAP. In the Al-Si-Cu alloy, the corrosion pits were found in the region of Si particles and the size of pits formed on the ECAPed samples became smaller than that without ECAP. It is considered that the improvement of the pitting resistance of ECAPed Al-Si-Cu alloy is due to homogenous distribution of spherical Si particles generated during ECAP process.
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33

Curle, Ulyate Andries, Heinrich Möller, and Gonasagren Govender. "R-HPDC in South Africa." Solid State Phenomena 192-193 (October 2012): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.192-193.3.

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The history of semi-solid metal forming and in particular rheo-high pressure die casting at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research in South Africa is discussed. Processing flexibility is demonstrated on the Al-Si-Mg, Al-Mg-Si, Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu casting and wrought alloy systems as well as on high purity aluminium, unmodified Al-Si binary eutectic, metal matrix composites and magnesium alloys. Material properties are highlighted.
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34

Umemoto, M., M. Udaka, K. Kawasaki, and X. D. Liu. "Formation of ultrafine powders of binary alloy systems by plasma jet." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 6 (June 1998): 1511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0210.

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Recently, a new method, i.e., a plasma jet method, was developed in our lab for the production of ultrafine powders. In the present work, we investigated the formation of binary Al–Fe, Al–Si, Fe–Si, Al–Cu, Al–Ni, Ni–Ti, Fe–Cu, and Fe–Ti ultrafine powders using this method. Premixed pure elemental powders of various compositions of Al–Fe, Al–Si, Fe–Si, Al–Cu, Al–Ni, Ni–Ti, Fe–Cu, and Fe–Ti were used as starting materials. These premixed powders were injected into the plasma jet of Ar–N2 working gas to form ultrafine powders. The obtained ultrafine powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope to check the microstructures of ultrafine particles.
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35

Che, Xin, Feng Li, and Li Jia Chen. "Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Permanent-Mold Cast and Die-Cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Sc Aluminum Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1044.

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The low-cycle fatigue behaviors of permanent-mold cast and die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Sc alloys at room temperature were investigated. The results show that at the higher total strain amplitudes, both permanent-mould cast and die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Sc alloys exhibit the cyclic strain hardening. However, at the lowest total strain amplitude, the cyclic strain hardening occurs in the initial and middle stages of fatigue deformation and the stable cyclic stress response is noted in the later stage of fatigue deformation for the permanent-mould cast alloy, while the cyclic strain hardening phenomenon is observed during whole fatigue deformation for the die-cast alloy. At the same total strain amplitude, the die-cast alloy shows the higher cyclic deformation resistance than the permanent-mold cast alloy. Compared with the permanent-mold cast alloy, the die-cast alloy possesses the longer fatigue life at the lower total strain amplitudes. The relationship between both elastic and plastic strain amplitudes with reversals to failure shows a monotonic linear behavior for both permanent-mold cast and die-cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Sc alloys
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36

Han, Yi, Chu Yan Wang, Tong Guang Zhai, and Hiromi Nagaumi. "Morphology of Si Phase in Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys with Excess Si Addition." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.161.

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The morphology of Si phase and its growth manner in the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with amounts of excess silicon were investigated using by a combination of the higher magnification microstructure and DSC measurements. Solidification characteristics of the alloys were predicted by thermodynamic calculation and compared to the experimental results. It was found that addition of higher amount of excess silicon led to the formation of the evidently morphological Si phase, especially when the silicon content was beyond 1.35 wt.%. The Si phase was one of the dominant phases in the alloys and its reaction peak was identified with the onset temperature of 550.43oC in the DSC curves. These experimental results were in good agreement with the thermodynamic calculations by the Gulliver-Scheil model. Keywords: Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy; morphology; thermodynamic calculation; excess Si
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37

Luo, Xiao Ping, Lan Ting Xia, and Ming Gang Zhang. "Study of Si/Al Ratio and Modification of Silicon Morphology in ZA27 Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 145 (October 2010): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.145.298.

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Changes in the primary Si phase in Al-Si alloys were analyzed and compared to the Si phase in ZA27 alloys with the same Si/Al ratio. The Si phase in the Al-Si alloys was modified and applied to ZA27 alloys to refine the Si phase of the microstructure. The results showed that the change in the ZA27 alloys was the same as that in the Al-Si alloys while good modification effects were obtained with a 1.5% Cu-P inter-alloy using two different processes.
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38

Jin, Xiaojie, Pizhi Zhao, Shijie Guo, Wenjing Zhang, Nianmei Han, Yunlong Zhang, and Guojun Wang. "Effect of Cu and Mg on the corrosion behavior of 4004/Al-Mn-Cu-Mg-Si/4004 aluminum alloy brazing sheet." MATEC Web of Conferences 326 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032604001.

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Higher strength and better corrosion resistance are necessary to enable the thickness reduction of the aluminum alloy brazing sheets. In this work, an age-hardenable Al-Mn-Cu-Mg-Si core alloy was developed by the addition of Mg, Si and Cu. The corrosion behavior of 4004/Al-Mn-Cu-Mg-Si/4004 aluminum alloy brazing sheet in sea water acidified accelerated test (SWAAT) was investigated and compared with the traditional 4004/3003/4004 aluminum alloy brazing sheet. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). After brazing, it was found that the microstructures of two aluminum alloy brazing sheets from outer to the center were precipitate-free zone (PFZ), the band of dense precipitates (BDP) and core material, respectively. In particular, both Cu and Mg concentration gradients were formed in the BDP region of 4004/Al-Mn-Cu-Mg-Si/4004. Moreover, the SWAAT results showed exfoliation corrosion in 4004/Al-Mn-Cu-Mg-Si/4004, while in 4004/3003/4004, severe inter-granular corrosion in core material was observed after corrosion for 584 h. The theoretical electric potential distribution showed that the presence of Cu and Mg concentration gradient promoted the formation of the electric potential trough in the BDP region, which may be the reason for the occurrence of exfoliation corrosion in 4004/Al-Mn-Cu-Mg-Si/4004.
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39

Rajaram, G., S. Kumaran, and T. Srinivas Rao. "Tensile Behaviour of Al-Si Alloy and Al-Si/Graphite Composites at Elevated Temperatures." Materials Science Forum 710 (January 2012): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.457.

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The high temperature tensile behaviour of Al-Si alloy and two of its composite systems with graphite as major reinforcement were investigated. The composites were developed by the stir casting method, wherein a mixture of graphite (3 wt %) and Cu / Ni (2 wt% each) were added into the molten Al-Si alloy to fabricate two systems such as Al-Si-Cu/graphite composite and Al-Si-Ni/graphite composite. The properties of composites were better than that of the matrix alloy. Tensile behaviour of alloy and composites were studied at different temperatures from room temperature to 300°C. It is found that the tensile strength of the alloy and composites were decreasing with increase in temperature. The transition elements (Cu / Ni) have played the key role in improving the ultimate tensile and yield strength of the composites over the alloy. The flow stress of the composite is more than that of the alloy. The strain hardening exponent value continuously drops with the increase of tensile temperature due to the thermal softening effect. The % elongation of the alloy is more than that of the composites. Fracture surfaces of the samples are analyzed by scanning electron microscope to understand the fracture mechanisms. Fractography reveals that the fracture behaviour of the alloy changes from cleavage mode at room temperature to complete ductile mode at high temperature.
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40

Zhou, Pengfei, Dongtao Wang, Hiromi Nagaumi, Rui Wang, Xiaozu Zhang, Xinzhong Li, Haitao Zhang, and Bo Zhang. "Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Al-Si-Mg-Cu Cast Alloys with Different Cu Contents." Metals 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010098.

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The mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg-Cu cast alloys are heavily determined by Cu content due to the precipitation of relating strengthening precipitates during the aging treatment. In this study, the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-9Si-0.5Mg-xCu (x = 0, 0.9, 1.5, and 2.1 wt.%) alloys were investigated to elucidate the effect of Cu content on the evolution of their mechanical properties. After T6 (480 °C + 6 h − 530 °C + 4 h, 175 °C + 10 h) treatment, Mg-rich and Cu-rich phases were dissolved in the matrix; the main aging-precipitates of the alloys change from the needle-like β″ phases in the base alloy to the granular Q′ phases in the 0.9Cu alloy, the granular Q′ phase in the 1.5Cu alloy, the granular Q′ phase, and θ′ platelets in the 2.1Cu alloy. The increase of Cu level results in difference of the type, number density, and morphology of the nanoscale precipitated phase. Because of precipitation strength, the yield strength was increased by 103–130 MPa depending on the Cu contents. The precipitation strengthening effect of the precipitates was quantitatively evaluated by the Orowan mechanism. The aging-treated Al-9Si-0.5Mg-2Cu alloy shows the good strength and ductility: yield strength 351 MPa, ultimate tensile strength 442 MPa, and elongation 8.4%. The morphologies of fracture surfaces of the alloys also were observed.
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41

Wang, Xiaoguo, Jian Qin, Hiromi Nagaumi, Ruirui Wu, and Qiushu Li. "The Effect of α-Al(MnCr)Si Dispersoids on Activation Energy and Workability of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys during Hot Deformation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (May 20, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3471410.

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The hot deformation behaviors of homogenized direct-chill (DC) casting 6061 aluminum alloys and Mn/Cr-containing aluminum alloys denoted as WQ1 were studied systematically by uniaxial compression tests at various deformation temperatures and strain rates. Hot deformation behavior of WQ1 alloy was remarkably changed compared to that of 6061 alloy with the presence of α-Al(MnCr)Si dispersoids. The hyperbolic-sine constitutive equation was employed to determine the materials constants and activation energies of both studied alloys. The evolution of the activation energies of two alloys was investigated on a revised Sellars’ constitutive equation. The processing maps and activation energy maps of both alloys were also constructed to reveal deformation stable domains and optimize deformation parameters, respectively. Under the influence of α dispersoids, WQ1 alloy presented a higher activation energy, around 40 kJ/mol greater than 6061 alloy’s at the same deformation conditions. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is main dynamic softening mechanism in safe processing domain of 6061 alloy, while dynamic recovery (DRV) was main dynamic softening mechanism in WQ1 alloy due to pinning effect of α-Al(MnCr)Si dispersoids. α dispersoids can not only resist DRX but also increase power required for deformation of WQ1 alloy. The microstructure analysis revealed that the flow instability was attributed to the void formation and intermetallic cracking during hot deformation of both alloys.
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42

Yu, Si Rong, Jun Xu, Xiao Hua Zhang, Qiang Yao, and Shu Miao Xu. "Al-Si-Mg-Cu Heat Storage Alloys and their Heat Storage Properties." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.24.

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The problems such as poor oxidation resistant properties at high temperatures and abated thermal storage capacities after repeated thermal cycles still exist in heat storage alloys. In order to alleviate these problems, orthogonal experiment was used to design nine Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloys in this work. An SII TG/DTA6300 differential thermal analyzer was used to determine the heat storage properties of these alloys. After integrating a series of factors, Al-12Si-2Mg-15Cu alloy was selected as the heat storage alloy. The oxidation test of this alloy at the temperature of 650 °C for 300 h was carried out, and the oxidation kinetics curve was obtained. The results showed that the oxide film was of good protection. This alloy exhibited a good thermal stability in view of the latent heat of fusion decreased 3.53%, the initial phase transition temperature decreased 0.1 °C, and terminated phase transition temperature increased 3.1 °C after 150 times of thermal cycles. The photomicrograph was used to discuss the reasons of the performance changes of this alloy.
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43

Yu, Wei Yuan, Wen Jiang Lu, and Nai Rui Li. "Microstructures and Properties of Al-Cu-Si Brazing Foils by Melt-Spun Processing." Advanced Materials Research 583 (October 2012): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.583.268.

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A series of Al-Cu-Si alloys were melted and spun into ribbons of about 100m thickness. The alloy compositions were selected to be suitable for brazing below 580C as filler metals. In the as-quenched state the foils were relatively brittle due to the occurrence of metal metastable phases. After appropriate annealing treatments between 400~450C the metastable phases were transformed into fine (Cu2Al) particles within the -Al matrix, and the mechanical properties of the Al-Cu-Si alloy ribbons were considerably improved.
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44

Tagami, M., A. Sugafuji, Y. Yabumoto, Ken-Ichi Ohguchi, and A. Muto. "Wear Behavior of Graphite-Dispersed Al-Sn-Si Alloys." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.629.

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The stirring technique was used to produce Al-6mass%Sn-3mass%Si-1mass%Cu alloy with 5~8wt% graphite additions. The friction coefficient and wear loss of the graphite-dispersed Al-Sn-Si alloys were measured against commercial stainless steel (SUS304) in the boundary lubrication. Although the graphite particles added up to 8mass% do not improved the friction coefficient of as-cast alloys at the lower applied load, an applied load for the Al-Sn-Si alloy with 5~8wt% of graphite additions reaches 0.60MPa,whereas that for the non-added base alloy is only 0.45MPa.
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45

Liu, Yang, Guodong Li, and Wenting Jiang. "Effects of Cu-Coated SiC Content on Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding SiCp/Al–Si Composite Coatings." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091537.

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SiC particles (SiCp)-reinforced Al–Si matrix composite coatings were synthesized on 4032 aluminum alloy by laser cladding using powder mixtures of Al-20 wt.% Si alloy and electroless copper-plated SiC particles (SiCp-Cu). The effects of SiCp-Cu content on microstructure, phase composition, and microhardness of the SiCp/Al–Si laser cladding layer (LCL) were investigated systematically. The results showed that the microstructure of SiCp-Cu/Al–Si LCL was mainly composed of undissolved SiCp, lump-like primary Si, lump-like Al2Cu, plate-like Al4SiC4, and Al–Si–Cu ternary eutectic. In addition, the eutectic microstructure became finer with the increasing of SiCp-Cu content. The average microhardness of the LCL increased with the increasing of SiCp-Cu content. When SiCp-Cu content was 50 wt.%, the average microhardness of the LCL reached 508 HV0.05, which was about 3.5 times larger than that of the substrate. The LCL reinforced with a SiCp-Cu content of 30 wt.% exhibits the best wear resistance.
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46

Wang, Xiaoguo, Jian Qin, Fangzhen Liu, Yifeng Li, and Hiromi Nagaumi. "Application of Color Metallography on As-cast Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn Alloy during Heat Treatment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2174, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2174/1/012040.

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Abstract Color etching was performed to characterize microstructure evolution and phase transformation on as-cast and homogenized Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn alloys. Initial intermetallic phases in microstructure of as-cast Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn alloy are mainly composed of primary Mg2Si, α-Al(FeMn)Si and quaternary Q phase. Post-etching microstructure of as-cast alloy presents a typical dendritic morphology with distinctive intermetallic distributions. Micro-segregation of solute elements are visualized as color difference within grains. Q phase is mainly located between the dendrite arms, while Mg2Si and α-Al(FeMn)Si are arranged along the grain boundaries. Heterogeneous nucleation sites provided by Al3Ti during solidification are also observed and identified at the core of grains. The distribution of alloying elements and intermetallic exhibited by color micrograph presents a good agreement with outcomes of EPMA. The color metallography of etched sample reveals the distribution of α-Al(MnCr)Si dispersoids and dispersoids free zone (DFZ), after the alloy is subjected to two-step homogenization. Micro-segregation of solute elements within solid solution is dramatically eliminated, associated with reduction of color difference. The dissolution of primary Mg2Si and Q phase during two-step homogenization are also directly detected. Therefore, color etching is an effective and reliable auxiliary approach to reveal microstructural evolution and phase transformation of as-cast Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn alloy during homogenization process.
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47

Ahmad, Roslee, and M. B. A. Asmael. "Effect of Cerium Addition and Cooling Rate on Microstructure of ADC12 Eutectic Cast Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.486.

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This research was to determine the effect of Cerium and cooling rate on the microstructure of eutectic Al-11Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy. The Cerium was added to produce Al-11Si-Cu-Mg-1.5Ce alloys. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscope. The Si structure was modified with the increase of the cooling rate, where smaller area was achieved. Ce formed rich intermetallic phase, such as Al-Si-Ce.
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48

Oglodkova, Yu S., K. V. Antipov, M. D. Panteleev, and A. S. Rudchenko. "Study of weldability of semi-products from an alloy of the Al – Mg – Si – Cu system." Perspektivnye Materialy 3 (2023): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2023-3-5-13.

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The features of the formation of the microstructure of welded joints of sheets of aluminum alloy V-1381 of the Al – Mg – Si – Cu system, obtained with various parameters of automatic argon-arc welding, were studied. Welding modes were selected that provide a high-quality welded joint and strength at a level not lower than 0.8 of the strength of the base metal. It has been established that welding without filler wire leads to cracking without applying tensile deformation, the use of Sv1221 filler wire compared to SvAMg61 and SvAK5 leads to an increase in the strength characteristics of welded joints by 15 – 20 %. Corrosion resistance of welded joints of sheets from V-1381 alloy was determined. Various experimental modes of laser welding were tested, the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints were studied. Parameters have been selected that ensure high quality of welds. The possibility of using laser welding for semi-finished products from alloy V-1381 has been established. The new V-1381 alloy can be recommended for use in aircraft fuselage structural elements, including as an alternative to less corrosion-resistant non-weldable alloys of the D16 type, which will increase the weight efficiency of structures both due to increased strength and through the use of welded joints instead of riveted ones.
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49

Liu, Hai Jun, Lie Jun Li, Jian Wei Niu, Ji Xiang Gao, and Chuan Dong Ren. "Effect of Mg and Cu Additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Squeeze Casting Al-Si-Cu-Mg Alloy." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.511.

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The effects of Mg and Cu additions with different contents on the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy prepared by indirect squeeze casting have been experimentally investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and T6-treated Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys were tested by OM, SEM, DSC and tensile measurement, where the samples were produced by artificial aging at 180°C for 8 h after solution treatment at 540°C for 4 h. It has been found that for the as-cast alloys, with increasing contents of Mg and Cu the tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increased, while the percentage elongation (El) decreased. And the optimal mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys were obtained under the content ratio of Cu/Mg within 4, where the UTS and El reached 426 MPa and 6.3% after T6 treated, respectively.
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50

Song, Tae-Ung, Ja-Uk Koo, Seung-Byeong Jeon, and Chang-Yeol Jeong. "Investigation of Phase Transformation and Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy with Cu and Zr Addition during Heat Treatment." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 61, no. 5 (May 5, 2023): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2023.61.5.311.

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Cast A356(Al-Si-Mg) alloys are widely used in automotive and general applications because of their mechanical properties and castability. Al-Si-Mg-(Cu) alloys typically lose their strength above 170 o C due to coarsening of precipitates, which limits their application to components. To maintain their strength at elevated temperature, Al-Si-Mg-(Cu) alloys are modified by adding transitional metals. Several studies have been carried out to evaluate the effect of Zr addition on the high temperature mechanical properties of cast Al-Si alloys because Zr can form thermally stable phases such as Al<sub>3</sub>Zr. Despite the relative studies on the influence of Cu and Zr on the mechanical properties of cast Al-Si-Mg-(Cu) alloys, investigations of the effect of Zr on the phase transformations and the mechanical properties during heat treatment remains limited. In this study, the effects of added Cu and Zr on the phase transformations and the mechanical performance during heat treatment of A356 cast alloy were investigated. Needle-like and block-like (Al,Si)<sub>3</sub>(Ti,Zr) dispersoids formed as some Si and Ti replaced Al and Zr in Al<sub>3</sub>Zr crystal structures were generally observed. Furthermore, with increasing solution treatment time, the size of Zr dispersoids was reduced, and smaller Zr particles were precipitated at the same time, which caused a decrease in the area fraction of the Zr dispersoids. In addition, the metastable L1<sub>2</sub> structures of Zr dispersoids in Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zr alloys were transformed into stable D0<sub>23</sub> during solution heat treatment as the Cu addition accelerated the transformation. Tensile and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed to reveal the effects of (Al,Si)<sub>3</sub>(Ti,Zr) dispersoids on mechanical properties. As a result, elongation at elevated temperature was highly increased, while maintaining strength, according to the increase in solution heat treatment time, which improved low-cycle fatigue properties.
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