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Haddad, Patrick. "Occidental Gender Trouble and the Creation of the Oriental Sodomite." Kohl: A Journal for Body and Gender Research 3, Winter (December 1, 2017): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36583/kohl328.
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Recent debates on the issue of “Arab homosexuality” place the creation of that identity category in a framework of European “epistemic hegemony,” putting thus the blame on both Nahdawi writers who adopted a Victorian morality and ethics from their western counterparts, and on contemporary “Arab” LGBT activists that participate in neoliberal NGO practices. These two agents allegedly imbibe a matrix of cis-heteronormativity alien to their societies at the time. Literary critics such as Khaled El-Rouayheb and Joseph Massad, foremost writers on the subject of the Nahda and homosexuality, have presented the nuanced relationship between Arab modernity, sexuality, and de-colonization. Yet, they have done so while charting a dynamic of power that does not sufficiently provincialize Europe nor re-contextualize the discourse into a longer history of “East/West” history of desire. My objective in this paper is to showcase small but significant instances of interaction between “The West” and the “Orient” on the issue of “same-sex” sexual contact in an effort to understand a trend of portraying “The Orient” as inherently sodomitic. Furthermore, my aim is to question the histories of “Arab” sexuality and modernity that are taken for granted in many of these debates. Thus, I will discuss a dynamic of power contradictory to the one presented in Joseph Massad’s Desiring Arabs, one that would question several pre- and post-colonialist arguments on the emergence of “homophobia” in Levantine contexts.
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Bahkou, Abjar. "USING FICTION AS A VEHICLE FOR POPULARIZING HISTORY: JURJY ZAIDAN’S HISTORICAL NOVELS." Levantine Review 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/lev.v4i1.8720.
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Jurji Zaydan was born in Beirut, Lebanon on Dec. 14, 1861, into a Greek Orthodox family. Many of his works focused on the Arab Awakening. The journal that he founded, al-Hilal, is still published today. His writings have been translated from Arabic into Persian, Turkish and Urdu as well as English, French and German. By the time he died unexpectedly in Cairo on July 21, 1914, at the age of fifty three, he had already established himself, in a little over twenty years, as one of the most prolific and influential thinkers and writers of the Arab Nahda (Awakening), but also as an educator and intellectual innovator, whose education was not based on traditional or religious learning. Philip Thomas called Zaydan, “the archetypical member of the Arab Nahda at the end of nineteenth century.” Zaydan transformed his society by helping build the Arab media, but he was also an important literary figure, a pioneer of the Arabic novel, and a historian of Islamic civilization. Zaydan was an intellectual who proposed new world view, a new social order, and new political power. Zaydan was the author of twenty-two historical novels covering the entirety of Arab/Islamic history. In these novels Zaydan did not attempt to deal with the history in chronological order, nor did he cover the whole of Islamic history; rather, his purpose was to popularize Islamic history through the medium of fiction. This paper will offer a brief analytical outline of Zaydan’s historical novels and how his critics viewed them.
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Pruss, Maria-Magdalena. "Protestants, Gender and the Arab Renaissance in Late Ottoman Syria by Deanna Ferree Womack." American Journal of Islam and Society 37, no. 1-2 (May 16, 2020): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v37i1-2.705.
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To scholars of the Nahda, that is, the Arab cultural renaissance which unfolded in Egypt and Ottoman Syria over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the journalist, teacher, and writer Buṭrus al-Bustānī is well familiar. However, few might be aware that al-Bustānī was also a committed Protestant Christian involved in building local church structures. Probably even fewer know that his daughter, Alice al-Bustānī, and other members of his extended family were at once important figures within the Syrian Protestant church and central protagonists of the Nahda.
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Sawaie, Mohammed. "RIFA⊂A RAFI⊂ AL-TAHTAWI AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE LEXICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN LITERARY ARABIC." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 3 (August 2000): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800021152.
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In the 19th century, Europe had a tangible impact on the Arab East. During this period, Arabic-speaking regions were brought into intimate contact with the West, both through military intrusion (e.g., the French in 1798–1801 and the British in Egypt in 1882), and institutional penetration (e.g., the founding of Western-style schools and higher-education institutions in the Levant in the 1800s by Christian missionaries such as the Syrian Protestant College in 1866, now the American University of Beirut, and [the Jesuit] St. Joseph University, also in Beirut, in 1874). This overpowering European encroachment on the Arab East in the 19th century resulted in cultural and linguistic identity crises. Muhammad ⊂Ali, who ruled Egypt from 1805 until 1848, dispatched groups of students to Western countries such as Italy, Austria, and France to study at their universities and technical institutions. At home, he established schools with Western-language instruction, and sponsored translations of scientific works initially into Turkish, and later into Arabic, from Italian and French, thus making available new disciplines such as various branches of engineering, military science, and agriculture. In 1822, he established a printing press in the Bulaq section of Cairo.1 From then on, Arabicized versions of European terms such as “theater” (tiy―atru), “journal” (jurn―al), “the post” (al-busta), and “politics” (al-bulit―iq―a) signaled the arrival of Western institutions and technology in Arabic-speaking regions, and such terms were adopted by writers in their writings. The cultural, political, military, and technological challenges that resulted from the European contact with the Arab East, and the institutional changes that accompanied them, proved to be a crucial turning point in the development of the Arabic language, particularly its lexicon. However, interest in language matters was central to the Arab renaissance (Nahda) of the 19th century. Arab writers; intellectuals; and translators such Rifa⊂a Rafi⊂ al-Tahtawi (1801/2–73), (Ahmad) Faris al-Shidyaq (1801/04?–87), Nasif al-Yaziji (1800–71), and Butrus al-Bustani (1819–83), among others, debated Arabic linguistic issues in terms of their own literary and linguistic heritage. These and other authors discussed the “internal” needs of Arabic, not only issues of translating the culture of the Western societies. They wrote grammars and compiled other literary textbooks to facilitate the teaching of Arabic and to overcome difficulties of learning the language associated with older, traditional ways of language teaching and to raise awareness of the literary tradition of Arabs. These intellectuals also engaged in the preparation of glossaries and dictionaries appropriate to the needs of their societies.2
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Al-Rahbi, Ahmed Mohammed. "Modern Arabic Literature. “The Breaker” Edwar Al-Kharrat." Asia and Africa Today, no. 8 (2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750021327-1.
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The article is devoted to the developing of modernism in Arabic prose and the art of one of the most prominent figures of this trend - Edwar al-Kharrat (1926-2015). The end of the dominance of the classical novel exactly in the first half of the 20th century and the turn of the generation of the 60s to new artistic techniques is directly associated with the historical events of 1967 (Six-Day War). It is noted that one of the consequences of these events for literature was the change of discourse - from revival (an-Nahda) to defeat (an-Naksa). The artistic method of Edwar al-Kharrat is characterized in detail on the examples of his early story “Station” and the novel “Rama and the Dragon”, which was included in the top ten Arabic-language novels of all time by the Union of Arab Writers. The authors distinguish thematic blocks in the works of al-Kharrat: the eternal themes of love, life and suffering, which are passed through Hellenistic and Middle Eastern mythologies and Christian philosophy. Such techniques of al-Kharrat as playing with the chronotope, narration through the subjective perception, attention to sensations, replacing the plot with a description, using dichotomy - the opposition of male and female, Christianity and Islam etc. are highlighted. Also the authors stress the significance of al-Kharrat's theoretical works on literature, where the artistic method, defined by him as a “new sensibility” and opposed by critics to what was called “al-Mahfuzia”, is comprehended. The question is raised about the role of al-Kharrat in the history of the latest literature of the Arab countries, while the authors try to remove the contradiction that is seen in the inimitability of al-Kharrat and his simultaneous fundamental influence on subsequent generations of prose writers.
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Zaarour, Meriem, Eman Mukattash, and Yousef Abu AwadAmrieh. "Coming of Age in the Arab Diasporic Künstlerroman: Sinan Antoon’s The Corpse Washer (2013) and Nada Awar Jarrar’s An Unsafe Haven (2016)." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n2p16.
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This study explores the künstlerroman from an Arab diasporic viewpoint. It aims to illuminate the first years of the formative process that the Arab diasporic artist undergoes in The Corpse Washer (2013) by Sinan Antoon and An Unsafe Haven (2016) by Nada Awar Jarrar as Arab diasporic künstlerromans. The article traces the childhood of Antoon’s Jawad and Jarrar’s Anas as young aspiring Arab artists against the backdrop of the novels’ socio-political contexts, which include religion, family, and the political conditions in the protagonists’ countries. Since Arab diasporic writers relocate the genre into an Arab transnational setting, this study draws attention to the violence and suffering in the lives of artists as children and the fact that they are brought up in an Arab household that does not feature in the traditional genre plot. It as well explores the environment the characters grow up in like social class and religious milieu and expounds on the way each character has seeds of artistic sensibility from a young age. The Arab characters face the issue of generational conflict about art as a proper career choice. Their parents play a role in the suppression of their artistic aspirations since they assume that they have a better-planned future for their children. Due to family expectations, religion, and political unrest, the characters have their future planned for them by others. The article concludes that the Arab diasporic künstlerroman provides alternative coming-of-age stories where the artist of Arab descent faces more challenges than his counterpart in the traditional genre.
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Zachs, Fruma, and Sharon Halevi. "FROM DIFĀʿ AL-NISĀʾ TO MASʾALAT AL-NISĀʾ IN GREATER SYRIA: READERS AND WRITERS DEBATE WOMEN AND THEIR RIGHTS, 1858–1900." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 4 (October 26, 2009): 633a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809990390.
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In this article we present a threefold argument—chronological, geographical, and sociocultural—in order to demonstrate that interest in the woman question and the lively, and at times charged, debate that it stimulated began in Greater Syria in the early nahḍa (awakening) period and persisted throughout, drawing into its orbit leading intellectuals as well as members of the general public and permeating even peripheral areas of Greater Syria. The study is based on an analysis of Hadiqat al-Akhbar, Al-Jinan, Al-Muqtataf, Thamarat al-Funun, and Al-Hilal, whose articles, editorials, regular columns, op-ed items, and readers' letters provide a sense of the breadth, richness, coherence, and continuity of the debate and its accompanying “community of discourse.” We conclude with a consideration of the ramifications of the argument on future understandings of the nahḍa as a sociocultural phenomenon and on the study of the place of women in modern Arab societies.
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Galimetdinova, Olga. "Ğirmānūs Farhāt (1670–1732), maronite archbishop of Aleppo: life and selected works." St. Tikhons' University Review. Series III. Philology 73 (December 30, 2022): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturiii202273.9-28.
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The article is devoted to a review of the life and literary heritage of Ğirmānūs Farḥāt (1670–1732), the Maronite archbishop of Aleppo, a significant figure in the history of Arabic literature. Living a century before the beginning of the Arab literary revival (the so-called Nahḍa), this scholar, writer and poet made a lot of efforts to make this revival possible. A large number of works on syntax, lexicology, morphology, stylistics, and rhetoric belong to the archbishop. Through his works, he sought to raise the educational background of the Christian population of the Middle East and destroy the idea that a Christian could not be fluent in the sacred language of the Koran. Ğirmānūs Farḥāt became famous for his zealous church service: he was the ideological encourager of the Lebanese monastic order and the archbishop of the one of the most important cities in Ottoman Syria. His dynamic educational and scientific activity resonated with many scientists and writers of that time. The interest in the figure of the archbishop appeared at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century, and S. al-Šartūnī, J. Manash and I. Yu. Krachkovsky played an integral role in this process. In this paper, an attempt is made to give a comprehensive view of the figure of Ğirmānūs Farḥāt and to determine what caused the interest of scientists in his heritage.
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Fieni, D. "French Decadence, Arab Awakenings: Figures of Decay in the Arab Nahda." boundary 2 39, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-1597916.
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Starkey, Paul. "The Arab renaissance: a bilingual anthology of the Nahda." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 47, no. 4 (July 9, 2020): 677–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2020.1792165.
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Salman, Dr Zainab Abdulkadhim. "Re-visiting the Arab Cultural Renaissance: Al-Nahda and the Reception of European Literature." Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences 60, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v60i2.1595.
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Al-Nahda – the Renaissance corresponds to the advent of “modern civilization” (al-tamaddun al-ḥadîṯ) in Egypt and the East through contacts with the West. The Renaissance is opposed to the Middle Ages (al-qurûn al-wusṭâ), times of darkness. It is intended, more than a renewal of old models, a revolution of knowledge and thought. It is born of more or less violent contacts with the outside. Just as the Renaissance of the East is fertilized by the Western contributions so the European Renaissance which preceded it is largely attributed to the philosophical and scientific mediation of the Arabs of Andalusia. My research is a re-consideration of al-Nahda, highlighting the development of contemporary Arabic literature as a result of the late-19th – early 20th cultural rebirth of the Arab world, with a special stress on the French-Egyptian cultural transfer and the importance of translation.
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Pieraccini, Paolo. "Catholic Missionaries of the ‘Holy Land’ and the Nahda." Social Sciences and Missions 32, no. 3-4 (November 12, 2019): 311–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-03203020.
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Abstract At the beginning of the twentieth century, some Palestinian and Lebanese Salesians, influenced by the Arab Renaissance movement, began to claim the right to oppose the ‘directorships’ of the institutes of the Don Bosco Society in Bethlehem and the surrounding area. They also began to request better recognition of their native language, in schools and within the religious community. They clashed with their superiors who, in the meantime, had signed an agreement with the Salesian government in Rome, committing them to developing the Italian language in their teaching institutes. The struggle became particularly fierce after the Holy See rebuked the Palestinian religious congregations for teaching the catechism and explaining the Sunday Gospel to people in a foreign language and urged them to do so in Arabic. The clash caused a serious disturbance within the Salesian community. Finally, after the First World War, the most turbulent Arab religious were removed from the Society of Don Bosco. All converged in the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, where they continued forcefully (but in vain) to put forward their national demands. This article is based on several unpublished sources.
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Cha, Hee-jung. "Nomadic Refugees Homecoming inAnglo-Arab Woman Writer Nada Awar Jarrar's A Good Land." Humanities Research 62 (August 31, 2021): 279–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.52743/hr.62.10.
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Greene, Annie. "The pioneers of print in the Ottoman Province of Mosul." Journal of Contemporary Iraq & the Arab World 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00018_1.
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This article examines the emergence of printing and press culture in the Ottoman province of Mosul, arguing that the variety of printed production in Mosul city and Kirkuk was dictated by technological expertise, consumption patterns and cultural-linguistic preferences. Religious institutions like the French Dominicans and the Chaldean Patriarchate, the Ottoman state and wealthy local individuals supported the local press culture in northern Iraq. Printing in Mosul was multilingual, thus the production of Arab cultural modernity and the Nahda (Arab Renaissance) should be reconsidered within a context of several competing languages. In Kirkuk, while the print culture appeared monolingual, the fixed nature of printing hid a multilingual cultural sphere.
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Ostash, Ihor. "The Development of Arab Christian Book Printing in Lebanon and Syria in the First Half of the 18th Century." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXII (2021): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2021-15.
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The article deals with the history of the emergence of the Arab Renaissance in Lebanon and Syria at the turn of the 17th century and the commencement of Arab Christian book printing that became a driving force in this process. Based on the analysis of scientific, historical, and religious literature, the article reveals the figure of one of the first book printers in the Middle East, Abdallāh Zakher, who invented fonts used in the first Arab Christian books and was the founder of the first printing house in Lebanon, in the town of Chouweir, at the Monastery of St John the Baptist. The author also looks into the Ukrainian contribution to the development of Arab Christian book printing, particularly the release of two publications with support from Ivan Mazepa in Alepo in 1708, namely the titular Tetraevangelion with a foreword of Athanasius III Dabbās, Patriarch of Antioch, devoted to Ivan Mazepa, and the Gospel Book at the expense of Danylo Apostol, Myrhorod Colonel. Keywords: Arab Renaissance Nahda, Arab Christian book printing, Abdallāh Zakher, Mazepa’s Gospel, Danylo Apostol’s titular Gospel Book.
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AKKAŞ, Necmi Enes. "THE REFLECTION OF THE ARAB SPRING TO THE DEMOCRATICATION OF TUNISIA: RASHID AL GANNUSHI AND THE NAHDA MOVEMENT PARTY." SOCIAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 7, no. 30 (March 15, 2022): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.31567/ssd.558.
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The Republic of Tunisia, located in North Africa, is an Arab state that gained its independence from France on March 20, 1956 and witnessed the firsts. The official name of Tunisia, which came under the rule of the Turks in 1574, has remained as Tunisia since then. Tunisia, the country of firsts, was the first constitution made under Ahd-ül Aman in 1861 and the first non-governmental organization Tunisian Workers' Union was established in 1924. The first action that ignited the Arab Spring started when 26-year-old computer engineer Mohammed Bouazizi set himself on fire in front of the governor's office on 17 December 2010. While ethnic and sectarian turmoil led to coups d'etat and civil war in the Middle East and North African countries where the Arab Spring spread, Tunisia's weak army organization as well as the experiences of civil and political sectors in the historical process were effective in overcoming the troubles it experienced during the revolution without being dragged into civil war. One of the important factors positively affecting Tunisia's democratization process is the Ennahda Movement Party, which represents a moderate Islamist democratic politics. The name Ennahda, which is defined as the Arab awakening, the Arab resurrection, the Arab Renaissance, was given to the party led by the philosopher and politician Ghannushi. When the effects of the Arab Spring on democratization are evaluated, the Ennahda Movement Party is an important event for the development of Tunisian democracy. The study will analyze the contributions of the Ennahda Movement Party and its leader, Rashid Al-Ghannushi Gannuşi, which made significant contributions to the democratization of Tunisia, to the democratization of Tunisia. Within the scope of the study, the reflections of the Arab Spring on the Tunisian revolution and the political process will be explained.
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Yang, Peiyu. "Ghādat al-Ṣīn: the literary trace of Arab–China relations in the Nahda." Middle Eastern Literatures 22, no. 2-3 (September 2, 2019): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475262x.2020.1862982.
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Derri, Aviv. "The Construction of “Native” Jews in Late Mandate Palestine: An Ongoing Nahda as a Political Project." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 2 (May 2021): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074382100009x.
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AbstractThis article concerns the place of late Ottoman Jews in Palestine on the eve of the 1948 War. It focuses on Israel Ben-Zeʾev (Wolfensohn), a Jerusalem-born educator and Nahda intellectual who led a movement of self-identified “native” Jews, including both “Old Yishuv” Ashkenazim and Sephardim, to combat their marginalization by the Zionist institutions. I examine his lifetime struggle to advance the study of Arabic and “Arab Jews” (yahud ʿarab) under early Islam by creating institutions of knowledge production and educational programs modeled on those he knew from his early academic career in Cairo. It was in the context of these struggles that demands for separate political representation for native Jews and for a specialized field of Arab Jewish studies coalesced as part of a broader project of a shared Arab-Jewish cultural modernization. They culminated in 1948, when Ben-Zeʾev finally realized his Arabic library project, ironically using looted Palestinian books, only to see its destruction four years later by Zionist leaders and Hebrew University professors.
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Mandaville, Peter. "Islam and Exceptionalism in American Political Discourse." PS: Political Science & Politics 46, no. 02 (March 28, 2013): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096513000206.
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The phenomenal success achieved by Islamic political parties in the wake of the Arab uprisings of 2011 is one of the most significant and frequently noted developments to follow from those momentous events. Within a few months of the demise of long-standing authoritarian regimes, Islamist groups that had been banned and oppressed for decades found themselves flourishing. Soon El-Nahda in Tunisia and then Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood tasted victory in constituent assembly, legislative, and eventually presidential elections. A new area of political Islam in power had seemingly arrived.
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Badawi, N. M., and A. A. Kudelin. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE ARAB RENAISSANCE (AN-NAHDA) ON THE IDEOLOGY OF “MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD”." RUDN Journal of World History 9, no. 1 (2017): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2017-9-1-53-66.
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Bruce St John, Ronald. "Return to the shadows: the Muslim Brotherhood and An-Nahda since the Arab Spring." International Affairs 93, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iix016.
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Eltahawy, Nora. "Growing Better, Not Going Faster: World War I, Holy Land Mania, and Transnational Exchange in the Works of Abraham Mitrie Rihbany." MELUS 46, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlab022.
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Abstract This article analyzes the three works published by Arab American theologian and author Abraham Mitrie Rihbany during and in the aftermath of World War I: Militant America and Jesus Christ (1917), America Save the Near East (1918), and Wise Men from the East and from the West (1922). The political climate in which Rihbany wrote the works saw the American public grappling with two issues of particular relevance to the steadily growing Arab American community. Where the global front was concerned, debates on the merits of abandoning isolationist policies, which focused near exclusively on the situation in Europe, left Americans oblivious to the ongoing conflict between the Ottoman Empire and its Arab subjects. On the domestic front, rising levels of xenophobia and the lasting legacy of The Naturalization Act divided legal and public opinion on Arabs’ eligibility for citizenship. Situating Rihbany’s attempts to address both of these problems against the backdrop of his upbringing in Greater Syria, this article reveals how Rihbany called on his training in the cosmopolitan era of the Nahda in order to guide the American public toward a more expansive model of transnationalism capable of encompassing both Arabs and Arab Americans in its fold.
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Somekh, Sasson, and Roger Allen. "Modern Arab Writers and Their Critics." Studia Islamica, no. 70 (1989): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1595686.
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Al-Zubeiry, Hameed Yahya A. "Metadiscourse Devices in English Scientific Research Articles Written by Native and Non- Native Speakers of English." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i1.14259.
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The present study examined the frequently used metadiscourse devices in English scientific research articles written by native (English researchers) and non-native (Arab English researcher) and sought to determine whether differences exist in the use of these devices between Arab researchers of scientific research articles and Native English researchers of scientific research articles. Data was collected from forty research scientific articles written and published in international journals and Arab journals; analysis was done in accordance with Hayland’s model. The analysis revealed that frequently used metadiscourse devices in scientific articles written by native English writers and Arab English writers include evidentials code glosses, frame markers, and endophoric markers; and hedges; boosters; and attitude markers. The results also showed that native English writers of scientific articles embrace more metadiscourse resources than Arab English researchers of scientific academic articles. This confirms that native English writers of scientific articles are more proficient at English than Arab English researchers given the differences in the frequency of metadiscourse resources used. This finding has implication to Arab researchers of scientific research articles.
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Ramsay, Gail. "Kvinnorna har fattat sina pennor - Utbildning och litteratur vid Piratkusten." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 18, no. 3-4 (June 17, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v18i2-4.4579.
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This artide treats education and the authorship of women in the United Arab Emirates. Women have only since the early 1970s been offered schooling and education on a basis equal to that of the men. Nevertheless, today the first generation of educated women are active in the field of literature. They are writing and publishing modern fiction, mostly in the form of short stories, on a considerable scale in comparison with most Arab countries. The early works by woman writers in the Emirates, stemming from the 1970s and early 1980s, often reflect a tendency of social criticism, sometimes despair. Lately, though, a surrealistic and unconventional form has appeared in for example Salmä Matar Sayfs short stories. While a few novel writers are found among the body of male writers, female novel writers in the United Arab Emirates have vet to appear.
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Arsan, Andrew. "AN OTTOMAN ARAB MAN OF LETTERS AND THE MEANINGS OF EMPIRE, c. 1860." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 31 (November 8, 2021): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440121000050.
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AbstractThis paper returns to one of the germinal texts of nineteenth-century Arab political thought, Butrus al-Bustani's Nafir Suriyya (‘The Clarion of Syria’). A series of broadsides published between September 1860 and April 1861, these reflected on the confessional violence that had rent apart Mount Lebanon and Damascus in mid-1860. As scholars have suggested, Bustani – now regarded as one of the pre-eminent thinkers of the nineteenth-century Arab nahda, or ‘awakening’ – here offered a new vision of Syrian patriotism, which formed part of a longer reflection on political subjectivity, faith, and civilisation. But, this paper argues, these texts can also be read as reflections on the changing workings of empire: on the imperial ruler's duties and attributes and his subjects’ obligations and rights; on the relationship between state and population and capital and province; on imperial administrative reform; and on the dangers foreign intervention posed to Ottoman sovereignty. Drawing on the languages of Ottoman reform and ethical statecraft, as well as on imperial comparisons, Bustani argued against the autonomy some counselled for Mount Lebanon and for wholesale integration with the Ottoman state. These texts offer grounds for methodological reflection and for writing Ottoman Arab thought into broader histories of imperial political thought.
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Alramadan, May Mahdi. "CERTAINTY AND SUBJECTIVITY IN ENGLISH EDUCATION RESEARCH: A CROSS CULTURAL SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v10i1.4548.
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This study examines the use of epistemic modality (expressions that signal varying degrees of certainty and subjectivity) by writers of English education research. Epistemic modality is a crucial, yet intricate, rhetorical device through which writers qualify their claims and construct a stance towards their texts and readers. Disciplinary and cultural norms influence the rhetorical use of modality in academic texts. To understand the impact of these contextual factors, linguistic descriptions need to examine discourse produced in individual disciplines and even subdisciplines. Using an exploratory comparative approach, the present study analyzes education research that is produced by native-English-speaking and EFL Arab writers: (1) to describe the discipline-specific practices that are adopted by native writers to manipulate the degrees of certainty and subjectivity in their discourse; and (2) to explore how these practices vary cross-culturally. Sixty research papers are analyzed using the finely grained model of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The findings show a disciplinary preference whereby native writers avoided expressing hesitancy and doubt and preferred a moderately confident epistemic stance to create convincing arguments. These writers’ epistemic style was also objective and detached. The EFL texts, in contrast, were less dialogic and had higher levels of confidence, explicitness, and subjectivity. Although advanced in their linguistic and disciplinary proficiency, the non-native writers displayed some patterns that are generally characteristic of other Arab and non-Arab L2 writers/learners, indicating the vital role that culture and nativeness play in rhetorical strategy use. The paper ends by highlighting the need for explicit instruction of epistemic modality in Arab higher education institutions in order for non-native writers to produce academic texts that are persuasively effective from the perspective of the international academic community.
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Pormann, Peter E. "The Arab ‘Cultural Awakening (Nahda)’, 1870–1950, and the classical traditiona)’, 1870–1950, and the classical tradition." International Journal of the Classical Tradition 13, no. 1 (June 2006): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02901795.
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Tourmuzi, Lalu Muhamad Rusdi F., and Tatik Mariyatun Tasnimah. "KRITIK SASTRA ARAB ERA SHADR ISLAM." SHAWTUL ‘ARAB 1, no. 2 (April 24, 2022): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51192/sa.v1i2.322.
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This article aims to examine the development of literary criticism in the early era of Islam. The research method used by the researcher is the library method. Researchers look for data related to the content of the study, take notes, and collect data relating to the history of the development of literary criticism in the early era of Islam. As for the results of this study, the reader can find out what is relevant regarding the definition of criticism, the development of literary criticism, the purpose of poetry, and know the influence of Islam on Arabic literature Islam. This makes the writers of the present era know the traces of Muslim writers at the beginning of the development of Islam.
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Hamdar, Abir. "Contemporary Arab Women Writers: Cultural Expression in Context." Women: A Cultural Review 23, no. 1 (March 2012): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2012.644682.
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Allen, Roger, and Dalya Cohen-Mor. "Arab Women Writers: An Anthology of Short Stories." World Literature Today 80, no. 4 (2006): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40159148.
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Hiddleston, Jane. "Contemporary Arab Women Writers: Cultural Expression in Context." Journal for Cultural Research 16, no. 2-3 (February 22, 2012): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14797585.2012.647756.
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Suleiman, Camelia, Camelia Suleiman, and Russell E. Lucas. "Debating Arabic on Al-Jazeera: Endangerment and Identity in Divergent Discourses." Middle East Journal Of Culture And Communication 5, no. 2 (2012): 190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187398612x645235.
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Eight debates on Al-Jazeera specifically, on the Arabic language, highlight the divergent and convergent discourses about the status of the language and its use today in the Arab world. All address the issue of the weakness of the Arabic language, both internally between formal and dialect, and externally in the face of globalizing English. The participants also link the Arabic language to issues of identity and who the Arabs ‘are’ during this era of globalization. The article outlines the intellectual roots that many of the participants draw upon—that of the Arab nahda of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Finally, the article points out that there is a divergence between the general direction of scholarship produced in the West on the Arabic language and about the Al-Jazeera network and the broader intersection of language and nationalism addressed by the Al-Jazeera participants. Beyond noting the obvious linkage between language and nationalism, how actual participants deal with their intellectual legacies while attempting to prescribe and influence the present deserves greater analysis in the case of the Arabic language and its most noted vehicle today—the Al-Jazeera satellite television network.
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Mohammed Kadhim Hasson, Lect Drr. "Actualization of Translations of Works by Representatives of Russian Literature xix – xx Centuries in the Territory of the Arab State Based on the Works of M. Gorky, A.P. Chekhov, L. M. Tolstoy, A. A. Blok." لارك 1, no. 44 (December 31, 2021): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol1.iss44.2224.
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The article deals with the actualization of translations of Russian literature representatives in XIX-XX centuries on the territory of the Arab states; special attention is focused on the positive dynamics of the interaction between, on the one hand, the Russian literature , and on the other hand, Arabic literature in the context of the history of cultural, linguistic and other relations between the Russian Federation and several Arab states; based on works of M. Gorky, A. P. Chekhov, L. N. Tolstoy, A. A. Blok, proved special importance of their work on the territory of the Arab states.The importance of translating the works of these writers and others is reflected in the unprecedented demand for foreign literature among Arab writers, readers, and critics alike. This helped to make Arabic literature, like the Russian literature, interesting not only locally, but also internationally, which helped it to integrate into the world literary arena.Interest in Russian literature began in the year of the 1905 revolution and the subsequent political and revolutionary events that followed. The translation of the works of Russian writers began at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. It became a door through which Arabs learned about Russian literature and its writers. It should be noted that the first literary translation into the Arabic language appeared in Saint Petersburg in 1863.
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Behar, Moshe. "Fusing Arab Nahda, European Haskalah and Euro-Zionism: Eastern Jewish thought in late-Ottoman and post-Ottoman Palestine." Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 16, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725886.2017.1295589.
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Abu-Manneh, Butrus. "The Province of Syria and the Mutasarrifiyya of Mount Lebanon (1866-1880)." Turkish Historical Review 4, no. 2 (2013): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-00402001.
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The establishment of the autonomous Mutasarrifiyya of Mount Lebanon in 1861 introduced a major factor into the political life of Syria. The Porte under Ali and Fuad Paşas responded to the challenge that the Mutasarrifiyya posed by uniting the two provinces of Damascus and Saida into one. Appointed governor general Mehmed Rashid Paşa aimed to bring the province and the Mutasarrifiyya closer. Rashid stimulated the “Nahda” and helped to promote the concept of Syria as a fatherland. After the death of Ali Paşa in 1871 Rashid was recalled and the behaviour of the new governors general resulted in disaffection and agitation for joining the Mutasarrifiyya or having a similar status, as is clear in the placards of 1880. Antonius regarded these placards as evidence of the rise of Arab nationalism. Actually, they were no more than agitation against mal-administration and a wish to join the Mountain.
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Hunter, Eva. "Geoffrey Nash, The Anglo-Arab Encounter: Fiction and Autobiography by Arab Writers in English." Current Writing 25, no. 1 (May 2013): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1013929x.2013.796151.
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Anjum, Salma, and Nazia Bibi. "Muḥammad Iqbāl in the eyes of Arabic Litterateurs." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.1:2.12.2016.13.
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Iqbāl is known as a revolutionary poet, and Islamic intellectual, a religious reformer, pioneer of Islamic awareness and a great leader of the Muslims of the sub-continent. He was introduced to the Arab world during the early part of 20th century and became popular after the translations of his work into Arabic. Scholars, thinkers, writers, and politicians of Arabia were very much influenced by his literary works. A number of books were written on him. Other scholars and Muslim thinkers study his works with keen interest even in the modern times. Iqbāl was paid rich tributes by Arab writers and thinkers for his unique wealth of literary works. In this article we present the views of Arabian writers about his literary status.
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Mahmoud-Mukadam, Abdur-Rasheed. "Study of the echoes of the Arabic story in Nigerian Arabic literature: Ilorin as a case study." Nady Al-Adab 16, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jna.v16i1.6002.
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The story is an art of prose literature. Arab writers and others have done valuable works of fiction, showing the extent of their artistic ability; however, this art has witnessed in the modern era developed and developed to add to it another form known - in Western literature - poetry story; which has no era - before - in literature Old Arab, and the poems appeared stories woven on the Western vein. After looking at the story in Arabic literature, this article looks at some of the echoes of the Arab story in Arabic literature, with an emphasis on what the thinkers of the city of Eulen produced as a living model reflecting the many stories that were presented at the Arab literature table in Nigeria. For a commendable effort by the writers of Nigeria to expand the Arabic language and create a clear atmosphere for artistic creativity and conscience.
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Hammond, Marlé. "Arab Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide, 1873–1999." Middle Eastern Studies 45, no. 5 (September 2009): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263200903212114.
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Awad, Yousef. "Football in Arabic literature in diaspora: Global influences and local manifestations." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 51, no. 8 (July 9, 2016): 1005–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690214564630.
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This paper explores how Arab writers in diaspora present football in their literary works. Through an examination of Rabih Alameddine’s I, the Divine, Laila Lalami’s Secret Son and Leila Aboulela’s Lyrics Alley, the paper highlights the way in which Arab novelists in diaspora draw on the game’s international popularity to supplement and clarify the themes that these novels explore. Specifically, this paper investigates how the three novels portray the relationship between the individual and the nation and it suggests that these novels may be read within a context of a growing Arab involvement in international football over the past few years, including recent investments by state members of the Gulf Cooperation Council in European football, the emergence of international football superstars of Arab descent, the direct and indirect influences of football on recent socioeconomic and political transformations in Arab countries, including the Arab Spring, and FIFA’s controversial decision to stage the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. Thanks to their position between cultures, these writers render football as a site on which socioeconomic, political and cultural discourses converge. By depicting the quotidian experiences of culturally and ethnically varied characters, the novels offer divergent perspectives on the game’s entanglement with global and local influences and football emerges as a central issue around which the above writers construct some of the most important episodes in the three novels. In this way the three novels demonstrate that the game’s international popularity makes it intricately linked with the daily experiences of the characters they depict.
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Darwish, Adel. "The hydra grows another head." Index on Censorship 21, no. 6 (June 1992): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209202100614.
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Ababei, Cătălina, and Cristina-Oana Goșman. "Comparative Study Regarding the Physical Education Lesson Teaching Strategies in 11 Year Old Pupils of Bacau and Abu Dhabi." GYMNASIUM XIX, no. 1 (Supplement) (June 24, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/gsjesh.2018.19.1s.14.
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Reaching certain goals that are specific to a field presupposes the creation of a plan through which the goals will be reached. Once created, the plan, the strategy aims to select and perform the methods so that the goals will be reached. This paper aims to emphasize the teaching strategies for reaching the goals of physical education that are specific to the schools of Romania and the United Arab Emirates. This research was based on the hypothesis stating that a comparative study regarding the teaching strategies in the "Al Nahda" National School and the ones in the "Dr. Alexandru Șafran" School could emphasize the cultural differences between the two schools and the elements that cold lead to common strategies in teaching physical education to 11-12 year old pupils, no matter where they are. The research methods that facilitated the study were: the documentation method, the inquiry method, the statistical-mathematical method for data interpretation.
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Auji, Hala. "Marketing Views of Modernity, Evangelism and Print Specialization in the American Mission Press Catalogs (1884–1896)." Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 11, no. 3 (November 23, 2018): 316–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01103005.
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Abstract Taking up an analysis of the materiality of the American Mission Press (AMP) bilingual catalogs printed from 1884 to 1896 in Ottoman Beirut, in this article I identify these booklets as publications that circulated among broad networks of books, journals and newspapers during the period of the Arab nahda. By examining these catalogs in terms of the wider historical significance of their materiality, specifically their organization, layout, typography and illustrations, in this essay I show how these booklets promoted the AMP and its mission’s entangled messages in an increasingly competitive publishing industry. On the one hand, the catalogs highlighted the AMP’s ‘western’ qualifications and strove to engage local readers’ interests in ‘modern’ culture, science and technology. On the other hand, these works marketed the mission’s universalist evangelical views. Thus, in this study I show how such ephemeral publications, when studied for their dynamic content, make evident nineteenth-century Arabic print commerce at work and also illustrate early examples of nascent advertising practices.
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Samarskaia, L. M. "Arab Nationalism in Palestine in the Beginning of the 20th Century." MGIMO Review of International Relations 12, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-4-67-54-71.
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The article is dedicated to the emergence of the Arab national movement at the beginning of the 20th century. This topic is still relevant in our days since revealing the origins of political and social processes in the Middle East of the 21st century is necessary for their understanding. The main issues which are considered by the author are the following: which factors had crucial influence on the emergence of Arab nationalism (panarabism as well as regionalism), when exactly it was formed and what were the specifics of its emergence in Palestine.The author defines three main periods in the genesis and formation of the Arab national movement at the beginning of the 20th century. The first is the Nahda, the Arab cultural revival of the second half of the 19th century, which became a foundation for the later development of nationalist ideas. However, the author tries to show that the cultural revival itself was not nationalistic. The second key period is the political expression of the Arab national movement in the first decades of the 20th century, with the ottomanist and later pan-Turkist policy of the Ottoman government having the decisive influence. This policy was nationalist in essence. Zionism, as noted in the text, was not such an important issue for the nascent pan-Arab movement before the First World War, although it caused concern among the locals in Palestine. The third key stage, that was decisive in the Arab national development, is the Great Arab Revolt, which, despite the fact that it was not massive and universal, forced the pan-Arab movement enter the international arena for it attracted the attention of the great powers – mainly with the help of McMahon–Hussein correspondence. In result, during the postwar settlement, pan-Arabism became more popular and internationally recognised phenomenon, although eventually it happened to be divided into a multitude of regional movements, in particular – Palestinian nationalism fostered by the Anglo-French division of influence zones in the Middle East.In general, the formation of the Arab national movement was a multidimensional and gradual phenomenon influenced by a variety of factors. At the same time, the emergence of the regional groups had its own specifics; originally belonging to the Pan-Arab movement, although with their own features, after the First World War these groups became largely independent.
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Alkurdi, Shireen H., Awfa Hussein Al-Doory, and Mahmoud F. Al-Shetawi. "Ibsen’s Arab Journey." Critical Survey 33, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2021.33030411.
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This article sheds light on the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen’s interest in Egypt and the Arab world. It underscores the influence of his tour in Egypt during the opening of the Suez Canal on his works, drawing on the theoretical underpinnings established by Edward W. Said. The study foregrounds Ibsen’s correspondence, plays, and other works that include references to his two-month stay in Egypt and to his encounter with the Arab culture. Ibsen’s references validate the Western stereotyping and ideology that have influenced a wide array of Western writers in the ways they misrepresent and misinterpret the Arab culture, and concomitantly other references mirror a personal force of admiration. Additionally, the article discusses the idea that Ibsen’s sojourn in Egypt did not alter his viewpoint of the Arab culture in general and the Egyptian one in particular which is markedly controlled by the Western stereotyped image of Arabs and their culture.
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Naumkin, V. V., and V. A. Kuznetsov. "Deja vu: Medieval Motifs in Modern Arab Political Life." MGIMO Review of International Relations 12, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-4-67-38-53.
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The article analyzes specific elements of the Arab societies’ political life which distinguish it from political relations in the Western nation-states. Admitting the existence of a large number of such kind of elements, the authors focus only on three of them which are related to the sources of power and its distribution. Emphasizing that these elements are deeply rooted into the Arab-Muslim political tradition, so that they have tended to be present throughout the whole Islamic period of the region, the authors find out that each of them has its own medieval countertype. Thus, the article addresses the dichotomy of the supreme power of caliphs and sultans, formed in the IX – XI centuries and manifested today both in Jihadist organizations (i.e. ISIS, Al-Qaeda) and in the political strategies of moderate Islamist movements, such as Tunisian party Al-Nahda. The second example is the urban militias, which are correlated with the medieval phenomenon of «young hero» or «chivalry» communities – fityan. The fityan communities have seven specific traits, which not only are characteristic of the militias, but also demonstrate fundamental difference between the militias and urban criminal groups. Major attention is paid to Libyan militias, which are studied on the materials of field research conducted by one of the authors. Finally, the third element discussed is the particular role of the army and other security forces in the Arab political systems.The authors provide three possible interpretations of all the revealed coincidences. According to the first one, they are presented as aberrations of the researcher’s scientific consciousness, which make them look for historical equivalents to contemporary issues. Second interpretation belongs to the tradition of «the new medievalism». According to it, the described phenomenon is in fact the revival of some medieval practices, caused by the end of the Modernity era. The last interpretation views the analyzed elements as distinctive civilization traits of the Arab world.
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Kennedy, Scott. "The Arab conquest in Byzantine historical memory: the long view." Byzantinische Zeitschrift 115, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bz-2022-0005.
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Abstract In recent decades, historians of the Arab conquest have increasingly turned away from positivist reconstructions of the events of the Arab conquest. Through thematic analysis of conquest narratives, scholars have illustrated how the early Islamic community articulated its identity. Byzantine narratives of the Arab conquest have generally not been considered from this perspective. This paper takes the long view of the Arab conquest illustrating how centuries of Byzantine writers and chroniclers articulated and rearticulated this memory, as their identity shifted along with their political and diplomatic relationships.
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Baaqeel, Nuha Ahmad. "Decolonising Language: Towards a New Feminist Politics of Translation in the Work of Arab Women Writers, Ahlam Mosteghanemi, Nawal al Sadawim, and Assia Djebar." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 7, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.7n.3p.39.
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This paper argues that the Anglophone academy’s relative lack of appraisal of Ahlam Mosteghanemi as an Arab woman writer is not incidental. I assert that, for many Arab women writers, authorship is strategic engagement; in other words, they develop strategies that bring together formal experimentation with the social effectivity of authorship. In an attempt to present fully the aforementioned complexities at hand, this paper compares Mosteghanemi’s work with that of two other eminent women writers from the Arab world: Egyptian women’s rights activist and novelist, Nawal al Sadawi, and Algerian writer and historian, Assia Djebar. This comparative analysis is structured into three sections that take up the questions of the politics of literary form, language and decolonisation, and finally, translation. In the critical reception of their work outside their region, Arab women writers all too frequently find themselves caught up in the dynamics of a hegemonic Eurocentric feminism that already constructs them as new representatives of an Orient, one that further stubbornly refuses to dissolve under the action of rigorous critique. I argue that the underwhelming international reception to Mosteghanemi’s writing serves as a reminder that colonialism remains real, even in a world of independent nations, while decolonisation remains on the theoretical horizon in the postcolonial world. It is these two interrelated points that map the wide field of effectivity that is brought into play in the reception of Mosteghanemi as a writer.
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Jahantab, Zakira. "Poetic Structure and Arts of Prose in Modern Arabic Literature." Al Hikmah International Journal of Islamic Studies and Human Sciences 4, Special Issue (June 28, 2021): 208–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46722/hkmh.4.si.21i.
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Literature is a form of expression of human feelings and emotions, and it is one of the methods that a person uses to express thoughts and present his ideas with a space that he creates for himself from words, and literature is known in every language of the earth as the set of texts written by writers and poets around the world in the language, and the arts of literature differ in all languages; Some writers express his thoughts and feelings in poetry, and some express it in prose, and prose has types as well, and this diversity of art is based on the tools and on his own literary tendencies that each writer possesses, and literature in the modern era in the Arab world has taken a new turn with the recognization of new Arab literary arts to literature, these arts were not known before or prevalent among Arab writers. Theatrical prose and poetic art recognized for the first time in the entire history of Arab literature. The Studies of Criticism have developed in the modern era and critics discovered other worlds in the Arabic literary text and monitored the developments of the literary text through the ages and explained the linguistic and semantic lexicon in every literary text. These studies have given criticism additional areas and new critical theories that were not known and circulated in previous literary eras, and this article will highlight on literature in the modern era with its various arts.