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Suliman Albadawi, Dr Alshareef. "Role of Websites in Achieving the Goals of the Institution." علوم الاتصال 2, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 167–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/cs.v2i7.782.
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This research handles the role of websites in achieving the goals of the institution by applying to the official websites of Al-Gezira University on the Internet. The study aimed at finding out the media role of the sites and its reliability in spreading the values, missions and objectives of the university. And knowledge of the performance of the site and the opinion of specialists at the university and their directions on the website of the University and how to engage individuals concerned with their functions of communication with the public outside the Internet. The study also aimed to identify the advantages achieved by the electronic communication to the public of the university dealing with the website.
The researcher relied on the analytical descriptive method in this study. The study resulted in a number of results, the most important of which is the contribution of the University of Al-Gezira University to the achievement of the University's vision, mission, values and values through its various data, information and services. The study also concluded that electronic media play a vital role in achieving and enhancing the vision, mission and objectives of the institutions. The study showed that 30% deal with the institutions through their official websites on the Internet. In light of the above, the most important recommendations of the researcher: the need to pay attention to the official website of the University of Gezira on the Internet, and develop it in form and content as it overlooks the window on which the university to the outside world. And work to ensure access to the Internet service to all colleges and centers of the University around the clock. The study also recommends that all activities carried out by the university on its official website be removed.
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Ali, Gowaria. "Multidimensional Poverty in Sudan: An Empirical Analysis for the Case of Gezira State, 2021." European Journal of Economics 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/eje.v2i2.175.
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Poverty remains the most pressing socio-economic issue among all states in Sudan. Poverty is a multi–faceted phenomenon. This paper is set to investigate the persistence of multidimensional poverty among households of Gezira state, following the approach proposed by Alkire-Santos model made up of 10 components has been built and used as a means of analyzing the data, The education and health dimensions are based on two indicators while the standard of living dimension is based on six indicators. The research relies on primary data aided by structured questionnaire compiled by Central Bureau of Statistics staff, field work cover three localities, where around 57% of the households in the state live in these localities. A total of 756 households randomly selected make up for data source upon which the research rests, the analysis of poverty decomposed by urban and rural location. The results indicated that 15.89% of the population under the study area are experience a multidimensional poverty, with deprivation at least a third of the dimensions of health, education and standard of living, present analysis shows decompositions reveal considerable disparity in MPI, rural areas present high levels of MPI than urban one, and the deprivation seem to be concentrated in all dimensions. The standard of living dimension considered the main contributor to poverty in Janoob Al Gezira and El Hasaheisa localities, El Managil locality presents the highest incidence of the MPI due to poor health dimension. Janoob Al Gezira Locality faced severe deprivations in health of children as child mortality is widely spread among the poor population in urban area and low level of education was to be found. The paper concludes with policy implications based on the findings that will help government to identify the poor and where the poor people are live.
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Agib, Tahani H. ,. Al, and Elnasri M. Mututali. "Physicochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water in Al Kamleen City, Gezira State." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (September 1, 2020): 822–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug517.
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The study was carried out in Al Kamleen City in Gezira State in central Sudan, to evaluate the drinking water quality by looking into physicochemical and micro-biological aspects. Ten samples of water were collected randomly from different sites in the city and examined for electrical conductivity (E.C.), turbidity, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS). The samples were also examined for the presence of microorganisms during winter, summer and autumn. Results showed that most of the parameters examined were within the limit of the Sudanese standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO, 2015) and the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007). Some samples were contaminated by bacteria including coliform, Escherichia coli and salmonellas and the higher contamination was in autumn.
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Mohamed, ZoelfigarDafalla, and SaifHassan Alrasheed. "Distribution of xerophthalmia among children in the traditional quranic schools in Al-Gezira State of Sudan." Sudanese Journal of Ophthalmology 10, no. 2 (2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sjopthal.sjopthal_23_18.
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Bashir, Dr Rasha Kamal, Dr Imad Eldin Eljack Ahmed, and Dr Tasabeh Mustafa Ali. "Medication Adherence and Affecting Factors among Type Two Diabetic Patients, Attending Al-Daraga Health Center, Wad Madani Al Kubra, Gezira State, Sudan, (2020)." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 3, no. 27 (July 5, 2021): 05–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2021.271.
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Type II diabetes mellitus and its complication are becoming more prevalent in Sudan. The most important predictor of reduction of morbidity and mortality due to diabetes complication is the level of glycemic control achieved. In Sudan diabetes mellitus (DM) is common public health problem, in 2017 about 12% developed serious complications. This study aimed to identify the general characteristics of type II diabetic patients, relevant diabetic characteristics duration, treatment, control and complications. Also to determine level of adherence, and reason behind non adherence medications. A cross-sectional study of randomly selected 360 patients of type II diabetic patient that attend at Al-Daraga Health Center, Wad Madani,Al Kubra locality, Gezira state ,during period from September – October 2020, found that there's statistically significant showed the relation between marital status, socioeconomic status, level of education , Occupation and factors affect adherence in taken medications at ( p value less than 0.05) also There’s significant relation between causes with patients not adhered to used medications (p value 0.000), The socioeconomic status contributed factors in diabetes mellitus complication because the low income level about 213(59.2%). Type II diabetic patients was associated with higher glycated hemoglobin seen among younger age groups. It is also showing the important of Group discussion with the patients to increase awareness of adhering to treatment plan. This study will be helpful in providing evidence regarding the importance of adherence should be emphasized and empowered within the diabetic population.
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Ahmed, Dr Imad Eldin Eljack Suleiman, Dr Gamal Mustafa Abdalla Ahmed, and Dr Sami Hayati Ahmed Abu Nayeb. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Diabetic Patients Towards Foot Care at Al-Daraga Health Center, Wad Madani Al Kubra Locality, Gezira State, Sudan, (2020)." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 3, no. 26 (June 5, 2021): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2021.265.
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Background: The incidence of foot ulcers ranges from 8% to 17 % [Crawford F, Inkster M, Kleijnen J, Fahey 2007]and others like peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease. Objectives: The aim of the study is to identify the knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic patients on foot care. Patients and Methods: Across-sectional study of randomly selected 360 patients of diabetic patients that attend at Al-Daraga Health Center, Wad Madani, Al Kubra locality, Gezira state, during period of one-month 2020. Data was collected via face-to-face interviews by using questionnaire and analyzed by (SPSS). Results: The results showed that there is excellent knowledge about diabetes complications, complications (94,4%), and that there is high knowledge of taking medications regularly to prevent complications (82.2%), about practicing such as washing feet daily and changing socks daily. Consultation of doctors when any symptoms appeared were good with knowledge more than 50% of each. But there's lack of knowledge by more than 50% for things such as washing the feet by warm water with water temperature checked, and dried feet after washed. There is a lack of practicing with more than 50%, about things such as checking the feet daily and checking the shoes before wearing. Conclusion: Not only good knowledge is needed for footcare, but also good attitude and practice are needed. It is necessary to firstly develop awareness of diabetes and the related complications one amongst which is footcare. Certain educational strategies should be established for both doctors and the patients. I recommended establishing a program like group discussion to patients towards footcare. This study will be helpful in providing evidence regarding the importance of foots care and empowered within the diabetic population.
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Fiallo-Olivé, E., A. A. Hamed, E. Moriones, and J. Navas-Castillo. "First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus Infecting Tomato in Sudan." Plant Disease 95, no. 12 (December 2011): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-11-0631.
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In March 2011, interveinal yellowing and necrosis symptoms on middle and lower leaves were observed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Castle Rock) plants grown in three adjacent greenhouses of the Agricultural Research Corporation at Wad Medani (Gezira State, Sudan). These symptoms resembled those caused by Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) (4) (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae). Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) infestation was also observed in these greenhouses. Total RNA was extracted by TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) from symptomatic leaves and analyzed by dot-blot hybridization with digoxigenin-labelled RNA probes to the coat protein (CP) gene of ToCV and to the minor coat protein (CPm) gene of TICV. Positive signal was obtained only with the ToCV probe. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR reactions were performed with two pairs of primers specific for the detection of ToCV, MA380(+) (5′-GTGAGACCCCGATGACAGAT-3′) and MA381(-) (5′-TACAGTTCCTTGCCCTCGTT-3′), specific to the CP gene (ToCV RNA 2) (3), and MA396(+) (5′-TGGTCGAACAGTTTGAGAGC-3′) and MA397(-) (5′-TGAACTCGAATTGGGACAGA-3′), specific to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene (ToCV RNA 1) (1). DNA fragments of the expected sizes (436 and 763 bp, respectively) were obtained, thus supporting the presence of ToCV in the symptomatic samples. Amplified DNA fragments were cloned in pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and one clone per amplicon was sequenced (Macrogen Inc., Seoul, South Korea). The highest nucleotide sequence identity of the CP gene fragment obtained (GenBank Accession No. JN411685) was 99.2% related with North American ToCV isolates from Florida (DQ234674), Colorado (DQ234675), and Georgia (HQ879842), while the RdRp gene fragment (JN411686) was more closely related (99.0%) to the Spanish AT80/99 isolate (DQ983480). Although yellowing symptoms similar to those reported here have been observed sporadically during the last few years in open-field tomato crops in the state of Gezira, additional studies are needed to determine the prevalence and economic impact of ToCV infections in tomato cultivation in Sudan. To our knowledge, ToCV has been found in continental Africa only in Morocco and South Africa, in the Mediterranean climate areas in the northern and southern edges of the continent, respectively (2). The finding of ToCV infecting tomato in Sudan raises the question of whether this virus is emerging also in other tropical areas of the continent and illustrates the need to monitor whitefly-infested areas within Africa for the presence of ToCV. References: (1) G. Lozano et al. J. Virol. 83:12973, 2009. (2) J. Navas-Castillo et al. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 49:219, 2011. (3) H. P. Trenado et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 118:193, 2007. (4) G. C. Wisler et al. Plant Dis. 82:270, 1998.
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Ahmed, H. D. M., A. M. Ahmed, D. A. Salih, S. K. Hasan, M. M. Masri, H. N. Etyeb, M. A. M. Khaeir, M. O. Hussein, and A. M. El Hussein. "Prevalence, First Molecular Identification and Characterization of Theileria lestoquardi in Sheep in Alhuda National Sheep Research Station, Al Gezira State, Sudan." Asian Journal of Biology 7, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2018/45972.
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I.A.M., Hameeda, Wad al bahar H.A., and Abd alraheem A.B. "Fungal Elements in Sputum Cytology Among Active and Post_Treated Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Al Managil Teaching Hospital, Gezira State, Sudan (2020)." African Journal of Biology and Medical Research 5, no. 2 (October 5, 2022): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr-gh3g423d.
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Sputum cytology is still one of the most effective and producible sample for diagnosis and evaluation of lung diseases and disorders. For this, it can used for evaluation of apportunistic fungal pathogens on pulmonary tuberculosis patients, which is of leading cause of death worldwide. On this cross sectional laboratory base study, which used to evaluate the sputum cytology for presence of opportunistic fungal elements. A total 110 early morning expectorate sample collected from the period 1/3 to 30/6/2020. 69/110 (63%) from patients come for first diagnosis to the center of T.B and HIV. Al Managil teaching hospital, and 41/110 (37%) follow-up starting from second month until six month post- treated follow up. From each sample two slides was prepared. One of them fixed immediately before air-drying in 95% ethanol and later stain by PAS technique, the other fixed after air-drying on absolute methanol and stain by Giemsa stain. Regardless to other method of fungal identification such as serology or mycological culture, only depends on microscopic identification. The study found that 95/110 (86%) was negative for fungal elements, and 15(14%) was positive, 9(8%) positive in diagnosis group and 6(5%) in follow-up group. Moreover the most common infectious agents was Candida species 9/110 (8%), 6/110 (5%) present as yeast and 3/110 (2%) as Pseudohyhae. Followed by Aspergillus species 5/110 (4%) then actinomyces species 1/110(.9%). The incidence of infection is higher in rural (82%) males (55%) farmers (36%). In the majority of the pateints with negative results for fungi MDR-TB not detected 87(79%), followed by positive for fungi and also MDR-TB not detected 15 (13.6%), then (negative and positive) for fungi and MDR-TB with high rate with the same percentage 3(2.8%), and finely very low MDR-TB 1(.9%), medium MDR-TB 1(.9%) without any detection of fungal elements. The study recommended including fungal testing and antifungal drugs on the pulmonary TB treatment plan as possible causes of complications.
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Idris, A., M. Al-Saleh, M. Amer, O. Abdalla, and J. Brown. "Introduction of Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus into the United Arab Emirates." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-14-0838-pdn.
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Severe leaf curl and small vein thickening symptoms were observed in okra fields in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the winter season, 2013. These symptoms were reminiscent of those often associated with begomovirus infection. Based on the symptoms observed in okra plants growing in adjacent fields (20 × 20 m) on two small holding farms, the disease incidence ranged from 90 to 100%. The fields were infested with the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), the insect vector of begomoviruses. Total DNA was extracted from four symptomatic okra leaves collected from two plants per field and used for PCR amplification of the core region of the begomovirus coat protein gene using the degenerate primers AVcore 3′-GCCHATRTAYAGRAAGCCMAGRAT-5′ and ACcore 3′-GGRTTDGARGCATGHGTACANGCC-5′. Amplicons of the expected size (~579 bp) were cloned and sequenced. BLASTn analysis of the partial coat protein sequences against the NCBI database revealed that the closet match to the four okra isolates was the Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV). CLCuGeV is a widespread Old World monopartite begomovirus described from the Nile Basin, sub-Saharan Africa, and southwestern Arabia (1). Recently, this virus has been reported in Jordan (GU945265) and Pakistan (3). To obtain the full-length viral genomic DNA for cloning and sequencing, total DNA extracts were enriched for circular dsDNA by rolling circle amplification (RCA) using Illustra TempliPhi (GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, Piscataway, NJ). The RCA products from each sample were digested with PstI, resulting in ~2.7 and 1.3 kbp molecules, respectively, and cloned into the pGEM plasmid vector (Promega, Madison, WI), linearized with PstI. Two inserts were selected from each cloning event and subjected to DNA sequencing using primer walking. The four resultant sequences of the 2.7 kbp (identified as virus genome) and the 1.3 kbp (betasatellite) inserts shared 99 to 100% nucleotide (nt) identity with each other, respectively. Therefore, only two representative genome and betasatellite sequences of 2,772 bp (KJ939446) and 1,356 bp (KM279620) were deposited in GenBank. Analysis using the Species Demarcation Tool (SDT) (v.1.0) (2) showed that the CLCuGeV UAE isolate sequence shared its highest nt identity (96 to 97%) with isolates from Egypt (AF155064), Pakistan (FR751142), and Jordan (GU945265). In contrast, it was only 93% identical to an isolate of CLCuGeV (HG530540) from the west coast of Saudi Arabia, nonetheless indicating they are all isolates of the same species. Analysis of the CLCuGeV sequence indicated that it was like other monopartite begomoviral genomes, containing a predicted hairpin, REP-binding iterons (GGTACTCA), and a TATA-box in the intergenic region. The genome contained six open reading frames encoding proteins with high homology to other CLCuGeV isolates. The 1,356-bp betasatellite shared its highest nt identity, at 97%, with the Okra leaf curl Oman betasatellite (KF267444) reported from infected okra plants in a neighboring country, Oman. The recent practice of transporting plants between the Gulf countries represents an important means and route for introducing begomoviruses among neighboring countries, compared to the long-distance aerial dispersal of viruliferous whiteflies, which is less likely because the Arabian desert poses a major barrier to long-distance whitefly flights. References: (1) A. Idris et al. Viruses 6:1219, 2014. (2) B. M. Muhire et al. Arch. Virol. 158:1411, 2013. (3) M. N. Tahir et al. PLoS ONE 6:E20366, 2011.
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Mahfouz, MohamedS, Mohamed El Mukhtar, Amani Salah, and HudaM Haroun. "Assessment of the effect of health education on mothers in Al Maki area, Gezira state, to improve homecare for children under five with diarrhea." Journal of Family and Community Medicine 17, no. 3 (2010): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1319-1683.74332.
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Bjørkelo, Anders, and Mustafa A. Ali. "A Sudanese Merchant's Career Based on His Papers: A Research Project." History in Africa 17 (January 1990): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171804.
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The number of Arabic documents and manuscripts of historical significance found in the Sudan is constantly growing. The national repository for such material is the National Records Office (NRO) in Khartoum, but a substantial collection of photographed, photocopied, and microfilmed documents has also been built up at the Department of History, University of Bergen, Norway. Most of this material has been brought together as a result of fieldwork in various parts of the Sudan in connection with historical research. However, at the end of the 1970s the NRO launched a campaign to collect private documents in the rural areas, with good results. Another step in the same direction was taken in 1986, when a four years' cooperative project between the Department of History, University of Bergen, Norway, and the NRO in Khartoum, was started. Organized joint field expeditions were planned and carried out from 1987 onwards for the purpose of locating and photographing private documents. This project is financed by the Norwegian Aid Agency (NORAD) and the University of Bergen, and is part of a larger program of cooperation with the University of Khartoum. Bjørkelo is the project leader on the Bergen side and Dr. Ali S. Karrar is the local coordinator in the NRO. The 1987 expedition went to al-Matamma, al-Dāmar, Berber, Ghubush, and Kadabās in the north and photographed 196 documents. The following year various religious centres of the Gezira were visited and another 96 documents were photographed. Research on these acquisitions is planned or in progress.
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Kheirelseed, Sheikheldin A. A., Abdul Gadir M. A. Adam, and Amir M. Albloly. "The Role of Teaching Literature in Developing the Writing Skill of Sudanese EFL Learners: A Case Study with Basic Schools Students of Al-Gezira State." International Journal for Cross-Disciplinary Subjects in Education 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 3478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/ijcdse.2042.6364.2018.0465.
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Khan, A. J., S. Akhtar, A. A. Al-Shihi, F. M. Al-Hinai, and R. W. Briddon. "Identification of Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus in Papaya in Oman." Plant Disease 96, no. 11 (November 2012): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-12-0438-pdn.
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Papaya is an important fruit crop in Oman covering some 130 ha with an annual production of 20 tonnes. In 2011, during surveys of farms in the Quriyat region of Oman, papaya plants were found severely affected by leaf curl disease. Leaves with severe curling, vein darkening, and vein thickening were collected for study. Disease incidence ranged from 30 to 50%, particularly in fields with young papaya. A begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) was suspected as the causal agent based on symptoms (1) and the presence of whiteflies in the field. Samples (four to five) were collected from three farms. Total nucleic acids extracted from symptomatic leaves using the CTAB method were used as templates to amplify circular DNAs using Φ29 DNA polymerase and products were digested with restriction enzymes to identify fragments of 2.6 to 2.8 kb typical of geminiviruses. PstI yielded a fragment of ~1.8 kb when the digested product was analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel. The fragment was cloned and sequenced using primer walking strategy in both directions. The sequencing confirmed the exact size (1,764 bp) and the sequence was deposited in GenBank (HE800524). The viral sequence from Oman (isolate Pap-2) showed four open reading frames (ORFs) in the complementary sense (replication associated protein [Rep] gene, the C2 gene, the replication enhancer protein [REn] gene, and the C4 gene) and the virion-sense ORFs (V1 and V2) were missing in the sequence. An initial comparison to NCBI database sequences using BLAST showed the clone from Oman had the highest level of sequence identity to Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV) (FJ868828) cloned from okra in Sudan. Subsequent pair wise sequence comparison was done using ClustalV algorithm. Full length sequences of CLCuGeV from database were trimmed according to the size and genomic coordinates of Pap-2 isolate. The Pap-2 isolate sequence was found to have 83.3 to 95.1% sequence identity to CLCuGeV sequences with maximum value to the Sudan isolate. Amino acid sequence comparison showed that the four predicted proteins (Rep, C2, REn, and C4) encoded by the Pap-2 isolate shared 95.3%, 97.8%, 97.7%, and 87.6% sequence identity, respectively, with the homologous proteins of CLCuGeV-SD (FJ868828). The absence of virion-sense protein sequences indicated it to be a subgenomic molecule of CLCuGeV. According to the recommendations of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, these results indicate that the virus identified in association with papaya leaf curl disease in Oman is a variant of CLCuGeV. CLCuGeV is a begomovirus of African origin which is distinct from the begomoviruses of the Middle East and Asia. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CLCuGeV, or any other cotton infecting begomovirus, from papaya in Oman. The presence of a recombinant fragment of CLCuGeV in a Tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolate from Iran (2), and the association of CLCuGeV with cotton in Pakistan (3) and hollyhock in Jordan (GU945265) suggests this virus has moved into the Middle East and Asia from Africa. The identification of CLCuGeV in Oman shows the widespread occurrence of this virus species. This discovery is important since Oman, and other countries in the area, are a hub of international trade and travel, particularly by air and sea, meaning that the virus could spread further. References: (1) R. W. Briddon and P. G. Markham. Virus Res. 71:151, 2000. (2) P. Lefeuvre et al. PLoS Pathog. 6:e1001164, 2010. (3) M. N. Tahir et al. PLoS ONE 6:e20366, 2011.
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Alfaro-Fernández, A., E. E. ElShafie, M. A. Ali, O. O. A. El Bashir, M. C. Córdoba-Sellés, and M. I. Font San Ambrosio. "First Report of Pepper vein yellows virus Infecting Hot Pepper in Sudan." Plant Disease 98, no. 10 (October 2014): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0251-pdn.
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In two successive winters (2009 and 2010), 14 hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) samples showing unusual symptoms were surveyed in permanently irrigated seasonal vegetable gardens along the Blue Nile in central Sudan (specifically in Gezira State). Symptoms included leaf curling, leaf deformation, reduced leaf size, leaf puckering, interveinal yellowing, vein clearing, or yellow patches. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaves and analyzed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with degenerate primer pairs that amplify different viral species within the family Luteoviridae (1). Amplification of a 340-bp fragment of the coat protein gene (CP) was obtained in all the collected samples analyzed. The amplified fragments were purified and sequenced (Accession Nos. KC685313 to 26), showing 99, 97, and 95 to 99% nucleotide identities to Pepper yellows virus (PYV, accession no. FN600344 from Turkey), Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV, AB594828 from Japan) and Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV, HM439608 from Israel), respectively. These three viruses belong to the genus Polerovirus and are considered synonyms of the same virus species PeVYV described with those names in different countries (3). Two samples were also tested by RT-PCR with the general Polerovirus primer pair Pol-G-F and Pol-G-R, which amplified a 1.1-kb product spanning the 3′ half of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to the 5′ half of CP and movement protein (2). The amplified fragments (KC692834 and KC692833) showed 97, 96, and 95% nt identity with PYV (FN600344), PeVYV (JX427533), and PYLCV (HM439608), respectively. The presence of the recently described Polerovirus PeVYV is the first report of detection in pepper in Sudan. PeVYV has recently been identified in seven other countries (India, Indonesia, Mali, the Philippines, Spain, Taiwan, and Thailand) and on one new host, Solanum nigrum, which suggests this new Polerovirus species poses a potentially wide geographical distribution and a global threat for pepper crops (3,4). References: (1) A. D. Abraham et al. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7:414, 2008. (2) D. Knierim et al. Plant Pathol. 59:991, 2010. (3) D. Knierim et al. Arch. Virol. 158:1337, 2013. (4) F. Villanueva et al. Plant Dis. 97:1261, 2013.
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Mohammed, Altaeb. "Study the Native Vegetation around the <i>Al Hosh</i> Highway Slope in Sudan (Gezira State) as Bioengineering Method of Slope Erosion Protection." Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering 5, no. 3 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20170503.11.
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Proussakov, Dmitry. "From the Delta to the Delta: Natural Conditions and Settlers on the Main Nile in the Fifth Millennium BC. Part I (Introductory)." Oriental Courier, no. 2 (2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021599-6.
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The 5th millennium BC is marked by the transition to agriculture in the Egyptian Nile valley, rather late for the Fertile Crescent. This was preceded by the Quaternary epic of discovery of the Nile banks by hominids, from the Olduvian Pithecanthropus of the lower Palaeolithic to the Neolithic settlers of the Predynastic period, who laid the socio-economic foundation of the Pharaonic civilization. In the Pleistocene geological epoch, the Main Nile underwent a complex evolutionary transformation from palaeo-rivers with such powerful watercourses as the Prenile to the much inferior in volume Neonile on which, at the 2nd marine isotope stage (27.8–14.7 ka) when the Sahara was a hyperarid desert, comparatively frequent Paleolithic sites of gatherers, fishermen and hunters arose in Upper Egypt and Lower Nubia (the archaeological cultures Halfa, Fakhuri, Qadan, Ballana, Silsila, Afia, Makhadma et al.). Warming and humidification of the climate with the onset of the 1st marine isotope stage was accompanied by an “abrupt return” of the summer monsoon rains to East Africa and an episode of the “Wild Nile” with the incision of the River, which probably made its Egyptian valley unsuitable for settlement by the beginning of the Holocene (11700 ± 99 ka); thus, the Epipalaeolithic is represented here by rare industries of Elkab in Upper Egypt and Karun in the Fayum oasis. At the same time, from the 9th millennium BC there was an increase in the population of the Sahara, where during the African humid period of the early Holocene grassy and woody savannahs were spreading. The Nile Delta with its “historical” network of branches had not yet formed and represented a barren sandy plain which (as well as the Valley) was unsuitable for life and the establishment of the food-producing economy. Simultaneously in Sudan, in the Gezira region at the confluence of the White and Blue Nile, an inner delta was formed, which may have been the cause of the later Neolithization of the lower reaches of the Main Nile.
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Abdel Rahim Mohamed Amin, Hayat, Makki Babiker Saeed Deiwa, and Al-Fateh Mustafa Suleiman Al-Kinani. "Attitudes of students of psychology departments in Sudanese universities towards people with disabilities (Psychology male and female students in universities in the state of Gezira as a model)." International Journal of Childhood, Counselling and Special Education 3, no. 1 (September 2021): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/ccse2021.3.1.2.
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The level of disability is determined by the environment's ability to create legal conditions, and the concept of disability has carried several connotations throughout history and cultures that have been affected by the moral character sometimes, medical, educational, and rehabilitative at other times, and the material and social that enables the individual to participate, interact and integrate. The study aimed to identify the trends of the departments of psychology Towards people with disabilities, and the research community consisted of male and female students from the psychology departments of universities (Al-Jazeera, Al-Batana, and the Holy Qur’an), from whom the researcher chose (313) male and female students by the stratified random method to represent the study community. For the study, the data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The study found several findings, including: the attitudes of students of psychology departments in Sudanese universities towards people with disabilities are positive, there are no differences in the attitudes of psychology students towards people with disabilities according to the gender variable, and there are no differences in the attitudes of psychology students towards people with disabilities according to the Al-Jakea variable, The study recommends the importance of raising the practical training quota for psychology students in Sudanese universities.
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Ibrahim, Inshirah Ali. "Psychological Adjustment for Students with Learning Difficulties and its Relationship to Some Variables (A Field Study for Students of the Second Cycle with Learning Difficulties in the Basic Stage, Kremit City, Gezira State, Sudan, 2022)." International Journal of Childhood, Counselling and Special Education 4, no. 1 (March 2022): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/ccse2022.4.1.3.
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Compatibility is a central concept in psychology in general and in mental health in particular. The individual always tries, during his activity, to obtain a state of satisfaction or satisfaction for his motives, but he often encounters difficulties in his performance that affect his psychological compatibility. Most workers in the field of special education agree that people with learning difficulties constitute a heterogeneous group of individuals, and this is one of the factors that lead to the difficulty of studying this group of heterogeneous characteristics. The study aimed to know the psychological compatibility of the second cycle students with learning difficulties in the basic schools in the city of Al-Karim. At a rate of (50%) of the original population of the study, the researcher used the Michael Best test to sort out the cases of learning difficulties and the psychological adjustment scale for children (Amani Abdel-Maksoud and Esra Abdel-Maqsoud, 2013). To analyze the data, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program was used. Among the most important findings of the study, the psychological adjustment of the second cycle students with learning difficulties in the city of Karimt is high, and there are statistically significant differences in psychological adjustment among students of the second cycle with learning difficulties in the city of Karimat due to the gender variable in favor of males, and the presence of statistically significant differences in Psychological adjustment among students of the second cycle due to the variable of the educational level of the mother. The study recommends not to frustrate students with learning difficulties by the teacher and parents and make him self-confident through positive motivation and parents' understanding of the problem and cooperation with the school in a treatment program for these students away from psychological pressures.
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A Ali, Ibrahim. "Prevalence of Asthma Symptoms Based on ISAAC Questionnaire and Pulmonary Function Tests in Cotton Ginnery Workers in Gezira State." Journal of Immunology and Allergy, April 20, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37191/mapsci-2582-6549-1(2)-012.
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Background: The prevalence of asthma symptoms in the adult Sudanese population was found to be 10% according to the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and was more than that in dusty working places. Occupational asthma is caused by breathing chemical fumes, gases, dust or other substances on the job. More than 250 workplace substances have been identified as possible causes of occupational asthma. These include animal substances, chemicals, enzymes, metals, plant substances, and respiratory irritants. Exposure to airborne asthma triggers can cause permanent lung destruction, byssinosis and resulting in disability or death. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of asthma symptoms in cotton gin workers in Gezira state, Sudan. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in cotton ginnery in Rufaa - al-Gezira State in the middle of Sudan; to evaluate the prevalence of asthma symptoms in cotton gin workers. The aim of the study was explained to all participants after taking their consent and the modified international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used and had been filled by 60 workers. Pulmonary function test (PFT) also had been done for them and the results were compared with the normal values for each participant. A T-test was used to compare the statistical significance (P-value ?0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results: (43) of the participants were males and (17) were females. Analysis of data revealed that (13.3%) had to wheeze in the last 12 months, and (3.3%) had chest tightness early morning. Also (3.3%) had an episode of chest tightness which awakes them from sleeping. The forced expiratory volume in the first second and the forced vital capacity were significantly lower than the Sudanese normal values. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma symptoms in cotton gin workers is higher than the general population with lower lung function values. Further big-scale studies are recommended to be done.
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Alhussain, Alaa E. M., Nahid A. S. Abdalla, Sana I. Mohammed, Mihad Hakeem, Ihsan H. Ahmed, and Nussieba A. Osman. "Detection of peste des petits ruminants virus in pneumonic lungs from apparently healthy sheep and goats slaughtered at Al-Hasaheisa slaughterhouse, Gezira state, central Sudan." Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 87, no. 1 (December 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1892.
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Abass, Mahmood, and Adnan Lahuf. "First report of the satellite DNA Beta associated with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus – Mild on tomato in Iraq." Plant Health Progress, June 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-04-22-0040-br.
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In November 2021, severe symptoms of TYLCV disease were observed in tomato fields in Karbala Province, Iraq. Symptomatic tomato samples were observed on 20 to 30% of plants. Samples of symptomatic plants were collected randomly. TYLCV-specific PCR primers were employed to confirm the presence of the virus. Total DNA was extracted and used as templates for next-generation sequencing. The unmapped reads were subjected to de Novo assembly. The contigs assembled were compared with GenBank data of plant viruses. The BLASTn analysis revealed 99.34% similarity with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Mild (MT583814.1). This finding was confirmed by applying the PCR test using specific primers. Additionally, there was 94.66% pairwise identity with Cotton leaf curl Gezira betasatellite (CLCuGB) isolate Al-Ain (KM279620.1). The universal primer pair for detection of betasatellite was applied, followed by Sanger sequencing of the amplicons, which confirmed the infection of all the tested plants with the CLCuGB. Thus, the DNA sequence of CLCuGB has under accession number ON206651. To verify the presence of the TYLCV-Mld and betasatellite, A field survey was conducted in the main regions of tomato cultivation (in Karbala Province, Iraq in November, 2021. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected randomly from 40 fields and analyzed for virus infections. This analysis revealed that the virus and its satellite are distributed throughout the province. To our knowledge, this is the first record of occurrence and complete genome sequence of the CLCuGB, associated with TYLCV-Mld, in tomato fields in Iraq.
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Abdallah, Mohammed OE, Mahmoud Koko, Mutaz Amin, and Yousuf Bakhit. "Five decades lead in biomedical research: University of Khartoum tops Sudanese universities in PubMed articles." Khartoum Medical Journal 10, no. 3 (February 9, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.53332/kmj.v10i3.664.
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Introduction: University of Khartoum (U of K) is the largest and oldest university in Sudan (1). The recent rankings of international and local universities made by Webometrics Ranking of world Universities initiative in 2017 have placed University of Khartoum as number one University in Sudan and 1970 in rank Worldwide. This ranking system is based mainly on research activity and publications. Using PubMed we obtained data on all PubMed-indexed articles (from 1966 to 2016) affiliated to the four oldest and most established Sudanese universities: University of Khartoum, University of Gezira, Omdurman Islamic University, and Al-Neelain University. Methods: Using R Statistical environment, we compiled a unified dataset from multiple resources including PubMed data and impact factor data. This unified dataset was then used to calculate multiple article and authorship metrics including total number of articles and annual averages. We also applied text mining techniques to from indexed abstracts in order to explore the prevailing trends and research focus of some the most prolific authors and to visualize this trends though word clouds. Results: Since the earliest date of PubMed indexing in 1966, the University of Khartoum is by far the most affiliated Sudanese university in PubMed. Approaching 300 articles in 2016, the number of PubMed indexed articles has shown a promising rising trend over the past decade. Our results clearly indicate lead of University of Khartoum in published biomedical research. This trend is promising and shows the attention shift towards research activities among the major Sudanese universities in general and University of Khartoum in particular.
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Omar Alnoor Ali Mohammed Zain. "Effect of water ballast levels in the rear tires on tractor performance using disc plough on heavy clay soil: تأثير مستويات وزن الماء في العجلات الخلفية على أداء الجرار باستخدام المحراث القرصي في أرض طينية ثقيلة." Journal of agricultural, environmental and veterinary sciences 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.n110220.
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This experiment was carried out at Masaad Center Farm for Technology Transfer and Training in Al-Gezira State in Sudan on heavy clay soil with a moisture content of 15.41%. To evaluate the effect of three levels of water ballast in the rear tires 25%, 50% and 75% and the effect of three different plowing depths 10, 15 and 20 cm with pressure constant (25 psi) in the rear tires. It was linked with disc plough of three discs. The split plot was used with three replications according to Randomized Block Design (RBD). The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Rolling resistance force, draft force and fuel consumption were highly significantly affected (on 1% level) by the addition of different water ballast levels and tillage depth. The slippage ratio decreased by 15% when increasing the level of water ballast from 25% to 75% at a depth of tillage 15 cm. The rolling resistance increased by 43%, when increasing the water ballast levels from 25% to 75% at a depth of 20 cm. The water ballast levels increased from 25% to 75% at the depth of 10 cm the draft force was increased by 22%. Fuel consumption increased by 26%, when increasing the water ballast levels from 25% to 75% at the depth of tillage of 20 cm. The study showed that the addition of 75% water ballast level in the rear tires improves the performance of the tractor. The study showed that when the water ballast levels increased the fuel consumption, rolling resistance force and draft force were increased and slippage was decreased. As the depth of tillage increased, the slippage, fuel consumption, rolling resistance force and draft force were increased.
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Mohamed, Nouh S., Musab M. Ali Albsheer, Hanadi Abdelbagi, Emanuel E. Siddig, Mona A. Mohamed, Abdallah E. Ahmed, Rihab Ali Omer, et al. "Genetic polymorphism of the N-terminal region in circumsporozoite surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from Sudan." Malaria Journal 18, no. 1 (October 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2970-0.
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Abstract Background Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasite is still known to be one of the most significant public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa. Genetic diversity of the Sudanese P. falciparum based on the diversity in the circumsporozoite surface protein (PfCSP) has not been previously studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of the N-terminal region of the pfcsp gene. Methods A cross-sectional molecular study was conducted; 50 blood samples have been analysed from different regions in Sudan. Patients were recruited from the health facilities of Khartoum, New Halfa, Red Sea, White Nile, Al Qadarif, Gezira, River Nile, and Ad Damazin during malaria transmission seasons between June to October and December to February 2017–2018. Microscopic and nested PCR was performed for detection of P. falciparum. Merozoite surface protein-1 was performed to differentiate single and multiple clonal infections. The N-terminal of the pfcsp gene has been sequenced using PCR-Sanger dideoxy method and analysed to sequences polymorphism including the numbers of haplotypes (H), segregating sites (S), haplotypes diversity (Hd) and the average number of nucleotide differences between two sequences (Pi) were obtained using the software DnaSP v5.10. As well as neutrality testing, Tajima’s D test, Fu and Li’s D and F statistics. Results PCR amplification resulted in 1200 bp of the pfcsp gene. Only 21 PCR products were successfully sequenced while 29 were presenting multiple clonal P. falciparum parasite were not sequenced. The analysis of the N-terminal region of the PfCSP amino acids sequence compared to the reference strains showed five different haplotypes. H1 consisted of 3D7, NF54, HB3 and 13 isolates of the Sudanese pfcsp. H2 comprised of 7G8, Dd2, MAD20, RO33, Wellcome strain, and 5 isolates of the Sudanese pfcsp. H3, H4, and H5 were found in 3 distinct isolates. Hd was 0.594 ± 0.065, and S was 12. The most common polymorphic site was A98G; other sites were D82Y, N83H, N83M, K85L, L86F, R87L, R87F, and A98S. Fu and Li’s D* test value was − 2.70818, Fu and Li’s F* test value was − 2.83907, indicating a role of negative balancing selection in the pfcsp N-terminal region. Analysis with the global pfcsp N-terminal regions showed the presence of 13 haplotypes. Haplotypes frequencies were 79.4%, 17.0%, 1.6% and 1.0% for H1, H2, H3 and H4, respectively. Remaining haplotypes frequency was 0.1% for each. Hd was 0.340 ± 0.017 with a Pi of 0.00485, S was 18 sites, and Pi was 0.00030. Amino acid polymorphisms identified in the N-terminal region of global pfcsp were present at eight positions (D82Y, N83H/M, K85L/T/N, L86F, R87L/F, A98G/V/S, D99G, and G100D). Conclusions Sudanese pfcsp N-terminal region was well-conserved with only a few polymorphic sites. Geographical distribution of genetic diversity showed high similarity to the African isolates, and this will help and contribute in the deployment of RTS,S, a PfCSP-based vaccine, in Sudan.
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Mohamedahmed, Khalid Abdelsamea, Zeinab Abdalmalik Ahmed, Bakri Yousif Mohammed Nour, Adam Dawoud Abakar, and Asaad Ma Babker. "Impact of Sever Plasmodium falciparum infection on Platelets Parameters among Sudanese children Living in Al-Jazira State." International Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Research, April 29, 2020, 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31878/ijcbr.2020.62.02.
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Background: Falciparum malaria remains one of the most global infection among children particularly in communities with poor resources. Falciparum malaria associated with several hematological changes that affect the major blood cell lines such as platelets lead to platelets parameters (platelets count and indices) abnormalities.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of falciparum malaria on platelets parameters (platelets count and indices) among Sudanese children. In addition to study relationships and correlation between platelets parameters and malaria parasitemia and parasite count.
Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted in Wad Medani Pediatric Hospital in collaboration with Faculty of Medical laboratory Sciences, University of Gezira, Sudan among 100 children with severe falciparum malaria (mean age 8.63 ± 3.40 years; 61% males), 100 children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria (mean age 8.83 ± 4.20 years; 45% males) and 100 children with normal healthy children controls (mean age 10.08 ± 3.58 years; 50% males). Parasitemia and parasite count (%) was determined directly from thick and thin blood films respectively. The platelets parameters (platelets count and indices) measured by using Sysmex XP 300 N automated analyzer, and platelets count was confirmed and assessed using stained thin blood film. SPSS software (V 20.0) and Stat disk software (V 13.0) were used for data analysis.
Results: 72 % of severe falciparum malaria (SM) have hyperparasitemia, while 18 % among uncomplicated falciparum malaria (UM). The thrombocytopenia account for 43 % (SM: 30.5 %; UM: 12.5 %), low PCT account for 35.5 % (SM: 27 %; UM: 8.5 %) and high PDW account for 46.5 % (SM: 23.5 %; UM: 23 %) in falciparum malaria cases. The mean PLTs count and PDW were statistically significantly differences between falciparum malaria cases and normal healthy control (P value 0.000 and 0.008 respectively). The mean PLTs count and PCT in severe falciparum malaria cases were lower than uncomplicated falciparum malaria cases (P value 0.005 and 0.000 respectively). The PLTs count and PCT had significant negative correlation within malaria parasitemia (P value 0.000; r -0.286; P value 0.004; r -0.205 respectively) and malaria parasite count (P value 0.000; r -0.450; P value 0.000; r -0.270 respectively).
Conclusion: The study concluded that thrombocytopenia, low PCT and high PDW were observed as most platelets parameters changes in falciparum malaria. PLTs count along with PCT to be recommended as hematological diagnostic markers and prognostic tool to assess the disease severity and to improve the management of falciparum malaria among patients.