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Ye, Dae-Hee, Hyun-Sik Kim, Min-Cheol Kang, Jung-Dae Kim, and Hae-Yong Jeoung. "Electrical Conductivity by Addition of Zn and Cu on Mg-Zn-Cu Alloys." Journal of Korea Foundry Society 34, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.7777/jkfs.2014.34.3.100.
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Minervino, Antonio, Marta López-Alonso, Raimundo Barrêto Júnior, Frederico Rodrigues, Carolina Araújo, Rejane Sousa, Clara Mori, et al. "Dietary Zinc Supplementation to Prevent Chronic Copper Poisoning in Sheep." Animals 8, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani8120227.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate whether zinc (Zn) supplementation protects against hepatic copper (Cu) accumulation in copper-loaded sheep. Forty cross-bred lambs were assigned to five experimental groups. These included the control group (C) and four treatment groups that received Cu and/or Zn supplementation (dry matter (DM) basis) over 14 weeks, as follows: Cu (450 mg Cu/kg); Zn-35 (450 mg Cu + 35 mg Zn/kg); Zn-150 (450 mg Cu + 150 mg Zn/kg); and Zn-300 (450 mg Cu + 300 mg Zn/kg). Blood, liver, and bile samples were obtained for mineral determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). The hepatic metallothionein (MT) concentrations were also determined. At the end of the experiment, hepatic Cu concentrations were higher in all Cu-supplemented groups than in C. Hepatic Cu accumulation was lower in the groups receiving the Zn supplementation than in the Cu group, although the difference was only statistically significant (66%) in the Zn-300 group. The MT concentrations tended to be higher (almost two-fold) in the Zn groups (but were not dose related) than in the C and Cu groups, and they were related to hepatic Zn concentrations. Zn supplementation at 300 mg/kg DM is useful for preventing excessive hepatic Cu accumulation in sheep exposed to high dietary concentrations of Cu.
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Miettinen, Jyrki. "Thermodynamic description of Cu–Mg–Ni and Cu–Mg–Zn systems." Calphad 32, no. 2 (June 2008): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2008.03.005.
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Yin, He, Zhi Hui Li, Kai Wen, Qing Hong Wen, and Ya Nan Li. "Effect of Zn/Mg Ratio on Second Phase Dissolution during Solution Treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Materials Science Forum 1071 (October 18, 2022): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-04ua6p.
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The main alloying elements have a decisive influence on the type and quantity of the second phase of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, and even on the dissolution of the second phase during solution treatment. The effect of Zn/Mg ratio on second phase dissolution during solution treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrical conductivity testing. The results showed that Mg (Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase and Fe-rich phase existed in the as-deformed alloys. In addition, a small amount of Al2CuMg phase was found in the low and medium Zn/Mg ratio alloy. The number of Mg (Zn,Cu,Al)2 phases as the major second phase in the alloys was inversely proportional to the Zn/Mg ratio. Mg (Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase essentially dissolved into the matrix after solution treatment at 465°C/2h. Increasing the solution temperature and time were both beneficial to the dissolution of the Al2CuMg phase. With the increase of the solution temperature from 465°C to 475°C, the conductivity of the alloy showed a decreasing trend initially and then increased. As the solution time increased at 470°C, the electrical conductivity of the low-Zn/Mg ratio alloy decreased and then increased due to the more secondary phase. After the second phase was fully dissolved in the alloy, the electrical conductivity gradually increased with the increase of the solution time.
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Cemin, Henrique S., Luke A. Swalla, Jamie L. Pietig, Sharlie A. Hansen, and Ernie L. Hansen. "PSIX-13 Effects of zinc and copper levels on growth performance of nursery pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.318.
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Abstract A 20-d experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of added Zn and Cu on growth performance of nursery pigs. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment structure with main effects of added Zn (100 or 3,000 mg/kg of diet) and Cu (10 or 200 mg/kg of diet). Basal Zn and Cu levels (100 and 10 mg/kg, respectively) were from organic sources, while the added high levels (2,900 and 190 mg/kg, respectively) were from Zn oxide and Cu hydroxychloride. A total of 784 pigs (PIC 337 × Camborough), initially 6.0 kg, were used with 7 replicates per treatment. Experimental diets were corn, soybean meal, and whey permeate-based and contained 1.38% SID Lys. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Data were analyzed with SAS MIXED procedure. From d 0 to 10, there was no evidence (P > 0.10) for interactive or main effects of Zn or Cu. From d 10 to 20 and overall (d 0 to 20), there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between Zn and Cu for G:F. From d 10 to 20, pigs fed 10 mg/kg added Cu had improved G:F when 3,000 mg/kg added Zn was fed; however, pigs fed 200 mg/kg added Cu had similar G:F regardless of added Zn level. There was no evidence (P > 0.10) for interaction for ADG or ADFI, indicating an additive Zn and Cu effect. Feeding 3,000 mg/kg added Zn or 200 mg/kg added Cu improved ADG, ADFI, and final BW with the highest performance observed when feeding both 3,000 mg/kg added Zn and 200 mg/kg added Cu. In summary, feeding high levels of Zn or Cu did not impact the first 10-d postweaning performance, but Zn and Cu effects were observed in the subsequent 10-d and overall performance.
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Zhang, Rong Hua, Biao Wu, and Xiao Ping Zheng. "Effect of High Pressure Treatment on Nanoindentation Creep Property of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 508 (January 2014): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.508.106.
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Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was 3GPa pressure treated, and the effect of high pressure treatment on nanoindentation creep property of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy was investigated by using nanoindentation. The results show that indentation creep in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy before and after 3GPa pressure treatment can occur at room temperature, 3GPa pressure treatment can reduce creep deformation of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy at room temperature at different pressure and time, and leads to the creep resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy rises.
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Nastiti, Sekar Alinda, Harmita ., and Catur Jatmika. "SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF ZINC METHIONINE, ZINC GLYCINE, COPPER LEUCINE, AND COPPER GLYCINE COMPLEXES USING ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.86.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to perform metal-amino acid synthesis and to analyze the free and bonded mineral concentrations.Methods: In this study, the synthesis of amino acid metal complexes was carried out by reacting free metal ions, derived from a water-soluble metalsalt, with amino acids in a 1:2 molar ratio.Results: The respective yields of this synthesis process were 95.38%, 95.95%, 76.31%, and 93.91% for zinc (Zn)-methionine (Zn(Met)2), Zn-glycine(Zn(gli)2), copper-leucine (Cu(leu)2), and Cu-glycine (Cu(gli)2) complexes, respectively. The metal-amino acid complexes were then separated usingcolumn chromatography and further analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The bonded metal concentrations of the Zn(Met)2,Zn(gli)2, Cu(leu)2, and Cu(gli)2 complexes were 189.32 mg/g, 353.78 mg/g, 180.89 mg/g, and 275.11 mg/g, respectively. The free metal concentrationsof the Zn(Met)2, Zn(gli)2, Cu(leu)2, and Cu(gli)2 complexes were 13.57 mg/g, 12.92 mg/g, 0.19 mg/g, and 2.12 mg/g, respectively.Conclusion: In this study, Zn(Met)2, Zn(gli)2, Cu(leu)2, and Cu(gli)2 complexes were successfully formed and analyzed. The mineral concentration ineach complex differed depending on the type of mineral and ligand.
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Yang, Hong Bin, Meng Nie Li, Heng Yong Bu, and Xin Lu. "Effects of alloying elements on the amounts of MgZn2 and S-Al2CuMg phase in 7075 aluminum alloy." Journal of Micromechanics and Molecular Physics 05, no. 02 (June 2020): 2050003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424913020500034.
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Thermodynamic equilibria of 27 compositions of 7075 aluminum alloy are computed using JMatPro. The maximum amount of MgZn2 phase (MP[M]) and the maximum amount of S-Al2CuMg phase (MP[S]) in each composition are taken as the objective functions. Effects of the contents of Zn, Mg and Cu on MP[M] and MP[S] are studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with second-order interactions. Analysis results suggest that Zn, Mg, Cu, Zn[Formula: see text]Mg and Mg[Formula: see text]Cu have a significant influence on the MP[M] with a sequence of Zn[Formula: see text]Mg[Formula: see text]Mg[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]Mg, whereas Zn, Mg and Cu have a significant influence on the MP[S] with a sequence of Cu[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]Mg. Predictive equations for calculating the amounts of MP[M] and MP[S] are obtained using regression analyses. With the requirement of maximum amount of MP[M] and minimum amount of MP[S] within the alloy, the optimized composition of 7075 aluminum alloy is predicted and it contains 6.1%Zn, 2.27%Mg and 1.2%Cu.
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BACKIALAKSHMI, S., A. ARANGASAMY, J. SHARANYA NAIDU, J. GHOSH, and R. BHATTA. "Study of the impact of organic minerals on spermatozoal gene expression in Osmanabadi bucks." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 94, no. 4 (April 4, 2024): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v94i4.147248.
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Sperm transcripts aside from providing genetic material have an eminent role in post-fertilization events and embryonic development. The current study was carried out to study the gene expression in Osmanabadi buck (Capra hircus) supplemented with organic minerals. Organic minerals alone or in combination with different concentrations were fed to the treatment groups (T2- Zn 20 mg, T3- Zn 40 mg, T4- Zn 60 mg, T5- Cu 12.5 mg, T6- Cu 25 mg, T7- Cu 37.5 mg, T8- Zn 20 mg + Cu 12.5 mg, T9- Zn 40 mg + Cu 25 mg, T10- Zn 60 mg + Cu 37.5 mg) along with the concentration mixture and roughages; whereas control (T1) group was fed concentrate mixture and roughages. The sperm samples were processed for gene expression studies of Ras Homolog Family Member A (RHOA), Mesoderm Specific Transcript (MEST), Nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif 6 (NUDT6), Protamine 1 (PRM1), Protamine 2 (PRM2) and Heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA) using qRT-PCR and the protein-protein interaction analysis was carried out through String database version 11.0. Supplementation of trace minerals has enhanced the gene expression at a significant level (P<0.05) in the supplemented groups. The expression of MEST, RHOA, and PRM1 was higher in Cu 25-supplemented groups; whereas, NUDT6 in Zn 20, PRM2 and HSP90AA in Zn 40 showed higher expressions. Osmanabadi bucks supplemented with Cu 25 mg have shown promising results in the present and earlier studies so it can be concluded that the field-level application of Cu 25 mg would lead to promising results.
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Subrahmanyam, Sreenath, Allan Adams, Anantanarayanan Raman, Dennis Hodgkins, and Mark Heffernan. "Ecological modelling of a wetland for phytoremediating Cu, Zn and Mn in a gold–copper mine site using Typha domingensis (Poales: Typhaceae) near Orange, NSW, Australia." European Journal of Ecology 3, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eje-2017-0016.
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AbstractAn artificial wetland was computationally modelled using STELLA®, a graphical programming tool for an Au-Cu mine site in Central-west NSW, the aim of which was to offer a predictive analysis of a proposed wetland for Cu, Zn and Mn removal using Typha domingensis as the agent. The model considers the important factors that impact phytoremediation of Cu, Zn and Mn. Simulations were performed to optimise the area of the wetland; concentration of Cu, Zn and Mn released from mine (AMD); and flow rates of water for maximum absorption of the metals. A scenario analysis indicates that at AMD = 0.75mg/L for Cu, Zn and Mn, 12.5, 8.6, and 357.9 kg of Cu, Zn and Mn, respectively, will be assimilated by the wetland in 35 years, which would be equivalent to 61 mg of Cu/kg, 70 mg of Zn/kg and 2,886 mg of Mn/kg of T. domingensis, respectively. However, should Cu, Zn and Mn in AMD increase to 3 mg/L, then 18.6 kg of Cu and 11.8 kg of Zn, respectively, will be assimilated in 35 years, whereas no substantial increase in absorption for Mn would occur. This indicates that 91 mg of Cu, 96 mg of Zn and 2917 mg of Mn will be assimilated for every kg of T. domingensis in the wetland. The best option for Cu storage would be to construct a wetland of 50,000 m2area (AMD = 0.367 mg/L of Cu), which would capture 14.1 kg of Cu in 43 years, eventually releasing only 3.9 kg of Cu downstream. Simulations performed for a WA of 30,000 m2indicate that for AMD = 0.367 mg/L of Zn, the wetland captures 6.2 kg, releasing only 3.5 kg downstream after 43 years; the concentration of Zn in the leachate would be 10.2 kg, making this the most efficient wetland amongst the options considered for phytoremediating Zn. This work will help mine managers and environmental researchers in developing an effective environmental management plan by focusing on phytoremediation, with a view at extracting Cu, Zn and Mn from the contaminated sites.
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Alawiyah, Avita, Lovita Adriani, and Denny Rusmana. "STATUS HEMATOLOGIK AYAM SENTUL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KULIT MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) YANG DISUPLEMENTASI Cu DAN Zn DALAM RANSUM." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Industri Peternakan 1, no. 2 (August 25, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55678/jstip.v1i2.465.
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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak buah manggis yang disuplementasi dengan Cu dan Zn dalam ransum terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan nilai hematokrit ayam sentul fase layer. Penelitian menggunakan 40 ekor ayam sentul betina, dan dipelihara dari umur 28 minggu sampai 35 minggu yang bertempat di Test Farm Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Padjadjaran. Analisis Sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Ternak dan Biokimia, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan terdiri dari lima macam dengan empat ulangan, yaitu, P0 = ransum basal, P1 = ransum basal+60 mg/kg ransum ekstrak kulit manggis + Cu 0,3 mg dan Zn 2,4 mg; P2 = ransum basal+120 mg/kg ransum ekstrak kulit manggis + Cu 0,6 mg dan Zn 4,8 mg; P3= ransum basal+180 mg/kg ransum ekstrak kulit manggis + Cu 0,9 mg dan Zn 7,2 mg; P4= ransum basal+240 mg/kg ransum ekstrak kulit manggis + Cu 1,2 mg dan Zn 9,6 mg. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kulit manggis yang disuplementasi Cu dan Zn memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05). Disimpulkan bahwa, penambahan ekstrak kulit manggis yang disuplementasi dengan Cu dan Zn mampu mempertahankan jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan nilai hematokrit berada pada kisaran normal.
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Alawiyah, Avita, Lovita Adriani, and Denny Rusmana. "STATUS HEMATOLOGIK AYAM SENTUL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK KULIT MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) YANG DISUPLEMENTASI Cu DAN Zn DALAM RANSUM." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Industri Peternakan 1, no. 2 (August 25, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51817/jstip.v1i2.465.
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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak buah manggis yang disuplementasi dengan Cu dan Zn dalam ransum terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan nilai hematokrit ayam sentul fase layer. Penelitian menggunakan 40 ekor ayam sentul betina, dan dipelihara dari umur 28 minggu sampai 35 minggu yang bertempat di Test Farm Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Padjadjaran. Analisis Sampel dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Ternak dan Biokimia, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan terdiri dari lima macam dengan empat ulangan, yaitu, P0 = ransum basal, P1 = ransum basal+60 mg/kg ransum ekstrak kulit manggis + Cu 0,3 mg dan Zn 2,4 mg; P2 = ransum basal+120 mg/kg ransum ekstrak kulit manggis + Cu 0,6 mg dan Zn 4,8 mg; P3= ransum basal+180 mg/kg ransum ekstrak kulit manggis + Cu 0,9 mg dan Zn 7,2 mg; P4= ransum basal+240 mg/kg ransum ekstrak kulit manggis + Cu 1,2 mg dan Zn 9,6 mg. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kulit manggis yang disuplementasi Cu dan Zn memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05). Disimpulkan bahwa, penambahan ekstrak kulit manggis yang disuplementasi dengan Cu dan Zn mampu mempertahankan jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan nilai hematokrit berada pada kisaran normal.
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Ren, Wei Cai, Kai Wen, Yong An Zhang, Hong Lei Liu, and Tian You Zhang. "Second Phase Dissolution Influenced by Simultaneously Enhanced Mg, Cu Contents during Homogenization of As-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Materials Science Forum 1071 (October 18, 2022): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-310n85.
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The dissolution of second phase with relatively high melting point in as-cast Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was closely related to Mg and Cu contents. In present work, second phases in three Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with simultaneously enhanced Mg and Cu contents (named by LMC alloy, MMC alloy and HMC alloy as Mg and Cu contents progressively enhanced) were analyzed and the correlated dissolution during homogenization was investigated. The results showed that both Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase and Cu-rich phase existed in as-cast alloys while HMC alloy possessed more eutectic phases. As homogenized by 470°C/24h, Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase had dissolved completely, LMC alloy contained little Al2CuMg phase and the amount of it for the three alloys was arranged as LMC alloy < MMC alloy < HMC alloy. As furtherly homogenized by a second stage at 480°C for 12h, no endothermic peak for Al2CuMg phase was observed for LMC alloy and only Fe-rich phase existed. Meanwhile, Al2CuMg phase still remained in MMC and HMC alloy. As the homogenization time prolonging to 36h, Al2CuMg phase in MMC alloy dissolved completely while that still existed in HMC alloy. Adding a third stage at 490°C for HMC alloy, no Al2CuMg phase could be observed for 24h. This gave rise to a method by incrementally grading homogenization temperature combined with prolonging soaking time to fulfill the dissolution of second phase for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with enhanced Mg and Cu contents
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Jeyakumar, P., P. Loganathan, S. Sivakumaran, C. W. N. Anderson, and R. G. McLaren. "Bioavailability of copper and zinc to poplar and microorganisms in a biosolids-amended soil." Soil Research 48, no. 5 (2010): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09169.
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The effects of high concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in a soil treated with biosolids previously spiked with these metals on poplar (Populus deltoides × yunnanensis) were investigated in a pot trial. The total soil metal concentrations in the treatments were 12, 46, 137, and 226 mg Cu/kg and 25, 141, 433, and 686 mg Zn/kg. Copper accumulation was lower in poplar leaves than Zn and the maximum bioconcentration factor was 0.8 for Cu and 10 for Zn. Copper was not found to be toxic to plants at any level of application or to mycorrhiza up to 137 mg/kg, but it was found to be toxic to soil microorganisms at all levels of Cu addition. Copper application increased mycorrhiza colonisation up to 137 mg Cu/kg and root dry matter at 226 mg Cu/kg, but had no effect on leaf dry matter. Increasing Zn rate decreased all plant and soil parameters. Lower percentages of Cu in the soil exchangeable fraction, and a lower Cu2+ concentrations in soil solution relative to Zn indicated lower bioavailability of Cu. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 50% at total solution-phase Cu and Zn concentrations of 0.1 and 27 mg/L, respectively, and solid-phase exchangeable Cu and Zn concentrations of 5 and 169 mg/kg, respectively.
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Akopyan, T. K., V. S. Zolotorevskii, and A. V. Khvan. "Calculation of phase diagrams of systems Al-Cu-Zn-Mg and Al-Cu-Zn-Mg-Fe-Si." Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 54, no. 4 (July 2013): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1067821213040020.
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Abulsain, M., A. Berkani, F. A. Bonilla, Y. Liu, M. A. Arenas, P. Skeldon, G. E. Thompson, et al. "Anodic oxidation of Mg–Cu and Mg–Zn alloys." Electrochimica Acta 49, no. 6 (March 2004): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2003.09.042.
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Zhenhua, Chen, Tao Zhang, Akihisa Inoue, and Tsuyoshi Masumoto. "Constitution and formation Characteristics of Al-Cu-Fe-Mg, Al-Cu-Fe-Zn and Al-Cu-Fe-Zn-Mg quasicrystals." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 27, no. 6 (September 1992): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(92)90494-y.
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Sakadevan, K., Huang Zheng, and H. J. Bavor. "Impact of Heavy Metals on Denitrification in Surface Wetland Sediments Receiving Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 3 (August 1, 1999): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0181.
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Denitrification in sediment-water systems is a predominant process in the removal of nitrogen from wetlands and sediments receiving recycled water. In this study the impact of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on denitrification was examined for a wetland sediment receiving recycled water. Results from the study showed that application of 100 mg Cd kg−1 sediment had no effect (P<0.05) on denitrification (161±2.7 mg N kg−1 sediment) compared to the control (162±2.4 mg N kg−1 sediment) which did not receive Cd, Cu or Zn. Addition of 100 mg Cu or Zn kg−1 sediment significantly increased denitrification (170±1.8 and 168±2.7 mg N2O-N kg−1 sediment for Cu and Zn, respectively) compared to the control treatment. Addition of Cd, Cu or Zn at 500 or 1000 mg kg−1 sediment significantly decreased (P<0.05) total denitrification compared to the control and treatments, which received 100 mg Cd, Cu or Zn kg−1 sediment. For a given heavy metal concentration the largest denitrification inhibition occurred with Cd (30.9%) followed by Zn (24.9%) and Cu (18.9%) over a period of seven days. The amount of ammonium in the sediment water increased in all treatments receiving Cd, Cu or Zn and the concentration increased as the concentration of Cd, Cu or Zn increased in the sediment-water environment. For a given heavy metal concentration, the largest increase in ammonium occurred in treatments receiving Cd (31.1±0.9 mg N kg−1 sediment) followed by Zn (24.8±0.5 mg N kg−1 sediment) and Cu (17.0±0.3 mg N kg−1 sediment). Denitrification inhibition was linearly related to the concentration of ammonium in sediment water (r2=0.928). In general, the study showed that the addition of Cd, Cu or Zn inhibited denitrification and increased the concentration of ammonium in the sediment-water environment.
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Park, Jong Geon, Deuk Yong Lee, and Jaeha Choi. "Static creep behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys." Journal of Materials Science 31, no. 10 (May 1996): 2719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00687306.
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Dalto, Danyel Bueno, Isabelle Audet, and J. Jacques Matte. "Impact of dietary zinc:copper ratio on the postprandial net portal appearance of these minerals in pigs1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 9 (July 30, 2019): 3938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz238.
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Abstract The present study compared the net intestinal absorption of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) after meals containing different dietary ratios among these trace elements. Ten 46-kg pigs were used in a cross-over design to assess the 10-h net portal-drained viscera (PDV) flux of serum Cu and Zn after ingestion of boluses containing ZnSO4 and CuSO4 in different Zn:Cu ratios (mg:mg): 120:20; 200:20; 120:8; and 200:8. Arterial Zn concentrations peaked within the first hour post-meal and responses were greater with 200 (0.9 to 1.8 mg/L) than with 120 mg (0.9 to 1.6 mg/L) of dietary Zn (dietary Zn × time, P = 0.05). Net PDV flux of Zn was greater (P = 0.02) with 200 than with 120 mg of dietary Zn and tended to be greater (P = 0.10) with 20 than with 8 mg of dietary Cu. The cumulative PDV appearance of Zn (% of dietary intake) was greater with 120 than 200 mg of dietary Zn from 8 h post-meal (P ≤ 0.04) and with 20 than 8 mg of dietary Cu from 7 h post-meal (P ≤ 0.05). At the end of the postprandial period (10 h), estimated PDV appearance of Zn was 16.0%, 18.4%, 12.0%, and 15.3% of Zn intake for 120:8, 120:20, 200:8, and 200:20 ratios, respectively. For Cu, irrespective of treatment, arterial values varied (P < 0.01) by less than 5% across postmeal times. Net PDV flux was not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.12), but the value for ratio 120:20 was different from zero (P = 0.03). There was an interaction dietary Zn × dietary Cu on cumulative PDV appearance of Cu (% of dietary intake) at 30 min post-meal (P = 0.04) and thereafter at 3 h post-meal (P = 0.04). For the whole postprandial period (10 h), estimated PDV appearance of Cu was 61.9%, 42.1%, −17.1%, and 23.6% of Cu intake for 120:8, 120:20, 200:8, and 200:20 ratios, respectively. In conclusion, the present dietary amounts and ratios of Zn and Cu can affect the metabolic availability of both trace minerals for pigs. Ratios with 120 mg of dietary Zn maximized the postintestinal availability of both Zn and Cu.
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Bulat, Zorica, Danijela Đukić-Ćosić, Biljana Antonijević, Aleksandra Buha, Petar Bulat, Zoran Pavlović, and Vesna Matović. "Can zinc supplementation ameliorate cadmium-induced alterations in the bioelement content in rabbits?" Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 68, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2919.
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Abstract The study was designed to investigate the influence of zinc (Zn) supplementation on cadmium-induced alterations in zinc, copper (Cu), and magnesium (Mg) status in rabbits. For this purpose, the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), Zn, Cu, and Mg were estimated in the blood, liver, kidney, and bone. The rabbits were divided in a control group, a Cd group-animals intoxicated orally with Cd (10 mg kg-1 bw, as aqueous solution of Cd-chloride), and a Cd+Zn group-animals intoxicated with the same dose of Cd and co-treated with Zn (20 mg kg-1 bw, as aqueous solution of Zn-sulphate). Solutions were administered orally, every day for 28 days. Sample mineralisation was performed with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and perchloric acid (HClO4) (4:1) and metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Zinc supplementation improved some of Cd-induced disturbances in bioelement levels in the investigated tissues. Beneficial effects of Zn on Zn and Cu levels were observed in blood, as well as on the Cu kidney level. The calculated values for Cu/Zn, Mg/Zn, and Mg/Cu ratios in blood suggest that Zn co-treatment reduces Cd-induced changes in bioelement ratios in blood.
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Kim, Ki-Tae, Young-Suk Lim, and Jeong-Min Kim. "Effects of Mg and Cu Amounts on the Casting Characteristics and Tensile Property of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Journal of the Korea Foundry Society 32, no. 1 (February 29, 2012): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7777/jkfs.2012.32.1.038.
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Li, Jiachun, Xu Yang, Yuze Zheng, Lele Tang, Zhenai Lai, Na Liu, and Huashou Li. "The Accumulation Characteristics of Different Heavy Metals in Sea Rice." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 9718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199718.
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Here heavy metal (Cd, Zn, and Cu) accumulation features of sea rice (a salt-tolerant rice cultivar) were explored to provide a reference for preventing and controlling of heavy metals, screen new plant remediation resources, and offer the basis for safe sea rice production. The sea rice variety Hai Hong 12 (HH12) was used as the research object in the soil culture experiments conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of Cd (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/kg), Zn (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg/kg), and Cu (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg/kg) on the growth and accumulation of heavy metals in different HH12 parts. At different Cd and Zn concentrations, the root biomass of HH12 decreased significantly and the shoot biomass showed no marked difference; however, Cu stress inhibited the rice biomass. The Cd content in different parts of sea rice increased with an increase in Cd levels. At 8 mg/kg, shoot and spike had the highest Cd content, which was 89.02 and 45.37 mg/kg, respectively. At 1 mg/kg Cd concentration, the Cd transport coefficient of sea rice was the highest (1.36). The Zn content was the highest in sea rice at 400 mg/kg Zn. Zn concentrations in the shoot and spike were 440.95 and 175.51 mg/kg. However, the Zn transport coefficients of all parts were <1 at different Zn concentrations. Sea rice growth was severely hampered by high Cu stress (400 mg/kg). After 200 mg/kg Cu treatment, the highest Cu content was 82.85 mg/kg in shoot and 46.97 mg/kg in spike. The Cu transport coefficients of all parts were also <1 under Cu stress and decreased with an increase in the Cu concentration. In summary, HH12 exhibited a high risk of Cd accumulation, and Cd was more likely to be transported to the grains. Zn accumulation in sea rice had no obvious toxicity to its shoot growth, but its shoot had a slight risk of Zn accumulation. Cu was mostly built up in the HH12 roots, but its ability to move around was low. However, high Cu concentrations slowed the growth of sea rice.
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Pundytė, Neringa, Edita Baltrėnaitė, Paulo Pereira, and Dainius Paliulis. "ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECTS ON HEAVY METALS AND MACRONUTRIENTS ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AND WOOD OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. / ANTROPOGENINIO POVEIKIO ĮTAKA SUNKIŲJŲ METALŲ IR MAKROELEMENTŲ KAUPIMUISI DIRVOŽEMYJE IR PUŠIES (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) MEDIENOJE / ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫМИ МЕТАЛЛАМИ И МАКРОЭЛЕМЕНТАМИНА ПОЧВУ И СОСНУ ОБЫКНОВЕННУЮ (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.)." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 19, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2011.557473.
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The investigation is focused on the uptake of heavy metals and macronutrients fluxes in Pinus sylvestris L. wood and soil under the sampled trees from contaminated and control sites. Soil pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and total and bioavailable heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and macronutrients, potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) were compared on contaminated and control sites. Also, metal uptake of contaminated and control pine woods was determined. Concentrations of soil bioavailable Cd (0.009 mg kg−1), Pb (0.11 mg kg−1), Cu (0.076 mg kg−1), Zn (0.51 mg kg−1) and K (24.42 mg kg−1), Mg (8.44 mg kg−1) on the contaminated plot were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than on the control plot 0.00004 mg kg−1for Cd, 0.007 mg kg−1 for Pb, 0.002 mg kg−1 for Cu, 0.22 mg kg−1 for Zn and 7.81 mg kg−1 for K, 2.40 mg kg−1for Mg. In addition, the percentage of bioavailable metals in contaminated soils was higher. Pb (34.49 mg kg−1), Cu (0.258 mg kg−1), Zn (1.36 mg kg−1) and K, Mg concentrations in wood were statistically higher than on the control site Pb (0.01 mg kg−1), Cu (0.172 mg kg−1), Zn (0.93 mg kg−1), at p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively. Cd did not show any significant difference in concentration on the contaminated plot in comparison to the control site. Santrauka Pagrindinis tiriamojo darbo tikslas – nustatyti sunkiųjų metalų kiekį paprastosios pušies (Pinus sylvestris L.), augusios šalia buvusios Ekrano gamyklos Panevėžyje, medienoje bei palyginti su augusios kontrolinėje teritorijoje. Įvertinta ir palyginta abiejų teritorijų dirvožemis, nustatyta dirvožemio pH, bendrosios anglies kiekis (TOC), įvertintos suminė ir judriosios fazės sunkiųjų metalų – švino (Pb), kadmio (Cd), vario (Cu), cinko (Zn) bei makroelementų – kalio (K) ir magnio(Mg) koncentracijos. Nustatyta į pušų medieną užterštoje ir kontrolinėje teritorijose patekusių metalų kiekiai. Akivaizdu, kad judriosios fazės metalų koncentracijos užterštoje teritorijoje (Cd – 0,009 mg·kg–1, Pb – 0,11 mg·kg–1, Cu – 0,076 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,51 mg·kg–1 ir K – 24,42 mg·kg–1, Mg – 8,44 mg·kg–1) yra didesnės (p < 0,001) nei kontrolinėje(Cd – 0,000 04 mg·kg–1, Pb – 0,007 mg·kg–1, Cu – 0,000 2 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,22 mg·kg–1 ir K – 7,81 mg·kg–1, Mg – 2,40 mg·kg–1). Pb (34,5 mg·kg–1), Cu (0,258 mg·kg–1), Zn (1,36 mg·kg–1) ir K bei Mg koncentracijos buvo statistiškaididesnės užterštoje teritorijoje (p < 0,05) augusios pušies medienoje nei kontrolinės (p < 0,001) – Pb – 0,01 mg kg–1, Cu – 0,172 mg·kg–1, Zn – 0,93 mg kg–1. Cd koncentracija užterštoje teritorijoje augusios pušies medienoje nedaug skyrėsi nuo kontrolinės. Резюме Главной целью научноисследовательской работы было определить количество тяжелых металлов в древесинесосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) на территории бывшего завода «Экранас» в Паневежисе и сравнить его сданными контрольной территории. В исследовательской работе оценены и сравнены почвы обеих территорий,определен показатель рН почвы, общее количество углерода (ОКУ), оценены общие и растворимые концентрации тяжелых металлов свинца (Pb), кадмия (Cd), меди (Cu), цинка (Zn), концентрации макроэлементов калия (K) имагния (Mg). Также оценено попадание металлов в древесину сосны в загрязненной и контрольной зонах. Замечена тенденция: концентрация растворимых металлов Cd (0,009 мг·кг–1), Pb (0,11 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,076 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,51 мг·кг–1) и K (24,42 мг·кг–1), Mg (8,44 мг·кг–1) в загрязненной зоне выше (p < 0.001), чем в контрольной, соответственно Cd (0,00004 мг·кг–1), Pb (0,007 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,002 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,22 мг·кг–1) ir K (7,81 мг·кг–1), Mg (2,40 мг·кг–1). Концентрации Pb (34,49 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,258 мг·кг–1), Zn (1,36 мг·кг–1), K и Mg в древесине были статистически выше на загрязненной территории (p < 0,05), чем на контрольной (p < 0,001) – Pb (0,01 мг·кг–1), Cu (0,172 мг·кг–1), Zn (0,93 мг·кг–1). Концентрация Cd на загрязненной территории существенно не отличалась отконцентрации на контрольной территории.
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Sundaresan, P. R., Susan M. Kaup, Paddy W. Wiesenfeld, Stuart J. Chirtel, Susan C. Hight, and Jeanne I. Rader. "Interactions in indices of vitamin A, zinc and copper status when these nutrients are fed to rats at adequate and increased levels." British Journal of Nutrition 75, no. 6 (June 1996): 915–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960197.
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The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding nutritionally adequate and increased levels of vitamin A (retinyl acetate at 1·4, 34·4, and 206·4 mg/kg diet) in combination with adequate or increased Zn (12 and 240 mg/kg) and Cu (5 and 50mg/kg) on serum and tissue concentrations of retinol and retinyl palmitate and on indices of Cu and Zn status in female Sprague–Dawley rats, and to measure interactive effects of such nutrient imbalances. Rats fed on diets containing 34·4 and 206·4 mg vitamin A/kg had higher feed intakes and relative Liver weights than those fed on diets containing 1.4mg vitamin A/kg. An interaction between dietary Cu and Zn and an independent effect of vitamin A affected serum ceruloplasmin oxidase (EC 1.16.3.1) activity. Rats fed on high Zn, adequate-Cu diets (240 and 5 mg Zn and Cu/kg respectively) had lower serum ceruloplasmin oxidase levels than rats fed on adequate-Zn, adequate-Cu diets (12 and 5 mg Zn and Cu/kg respectively). This effect was not observed in rats fed on high-Zn, high-Cu diets (240 and 50mg Zn and Cu/kg respectively). Alterations in dietary levels of Cu and vitamin A independently affected haemoglobin levels. Serum cholesterol concentration was affected by interactions between Zn and vitamin A and Cu and vitamin A. Levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate in liver and kidney were significantly higher in rats fed on diets with increased dietary vitamin A than in those fed on diets with adequate vitamin A. Three-way interactions among Cu, Zn, and vitamin A affected levels of retinol in serum and liver. Two-way interactions between Cu and vitamin A affected liver retinyl palmitate and the sum of liver retinol + retinyl palmitate. An independent effect of dietary Zn on these variables was also observed. Interactions between Cu and vitamin A affected levels of Cu in liver and kidney, while Fe and Zn in kidney were affected by interactions between Cu and Zn. This study demonstrates that differing interactions among variables of vitamin A metabolism and mineral status occur with higher dietary levels of vitamin A, Zn and Cu in the rat
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Wen, Kai, Bai Qing Xiong, Hua Zhou, Xi Wu Li, Zheng An Wang, Zhi Hui Li, Yong An Zhang, Ya Nan Li, and Li Zhen Yan. "Enlarged Zn, Mg Contents with a same Zn/Mg Ratio Improve Fatigue Crack Propagation Resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys with T7651 State." Materials Science Forum 1003 (July 2020): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1003.3.
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The fatigue crack propagation of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys could be influenced by the content of main alloying element. In the present work, two Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with a same Zn/Mg ratio were treated by two stage over-aging aging treatment and typical T7651 states were extracted via mechanical properties. Fatigue crack propagation of the two alloys were tested and the related precipitation characteristics and fracture morphology were observed. The results showed that the alloy with higher Zn, Mg contents possessed a better fatigue crack propagation resistance compared with the alloy with lower Zn, Mg contents. The corresponding fracture morphology also showed the difference of fatigue striation, which provided an additional support. The precipitation observation demonstrated that the both alloys possessed GPII zone, η' phase and η phase while the alloy with higher Zn, Mg contents had a larger average precipitate size and a larger proportion of large size precipitates compared with the alloy with lower Zn, Mg contents. Cut and bypass mechanisms of dislocation-precipitate interactions were used to explain the difference of fatigue crack propagation between the two alloys.
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Mürbe, Julia, and Jörg Töpfer. "Mg?Cu?Zn Ferrites for Multilayer Inductors." International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 4, no. 5 (October 2007): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2007.02163.x.
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Buha, J., and T. Ohkubo. "Natural Aging in Mg-Zn(-Cu) Alloys." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 39, no. 9 (May 22, 2008): 2259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-008-9545-y.
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Xiong, Xin Hong, Dun Miao Quan, Jia Lin Chen, Qiao Xin Zhang, and Yun Chen. "Research on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-RE and Mg-Zn-Cu Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.82.
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Rare earth magnesium alloys and Mg-Zn-Cu alloys were prepared by gravity casting and direct squeezing casting respectively, and the corrosion performances of three kinds of Mg-Zn-Cu alloys were compared in this paper. The results indicate that adding rare earth elements and direct squeezing casting process can significantly increase the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys, and aluminum can improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.
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Yang, Q., D. L. Cheng, F. G. Zhang, Q. W. Shi, Z. Chen, M. L. Wang, S. Y. Zhong, Y. Wu, and H. W. Wang. "Spark plasma sintering mechanisms of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys and TiB2/Al-Zn-Mg-Cu composites." Materials Characterization 172 (February 2021): 110825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110825.
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Wang, Jinsan, and Xiang Xiao. "Thermodynamic, Kinetic and Strength Calculation of High Zinc Containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Crystals 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020181.
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High zinc containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu is the research focus of ultra-high strength aluminum alloy. In the present paper, the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu multi-component system is studied when the content of Zn is 10.5 wt.%, 11 wt.% and 12 wt.%, respectively. The vertical sections of phase diagrams are calculated by the thermodynamic method. The precipitation parameters of the η’ phase, including the density of precipitate, precipitate radius and volume fraction, are obtained by using the methods of kinetic calculations. The yield strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy with different content of Zn is calculated by an empirical model containing a chemical element and a microstructure parameter. The calculated results of yield strength are verified by experimental data and provide primary guidance to developing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ultra-high strength aluminum alloys.
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Bai, Shiping, Gu Jin, Delong Li, Xuemei Ding, Jianping Wang, Keying Zhang, Qiufeng Zeng, Fengjie Ji, and Junmei Zhao. "Dietary organic trace minerals level influences eggshell quality and minerals retention in hens." Annals of Animal Science 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0074.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of reduced levels of Cu, Zn, Mn in combination from organic mineral source on eggshell quality and mineral retention in hens. After feeding the basal diet (8.82 mg/kg Cu, 24.94 mg/kg Zn, and 16.38 mg/kg Mn) without Cu, Zn, and Mn addition for 4 weeks, hens (39-week-old) were assigned to 5 treatments according to the equal body weight and egg production for 12-week experimental trial. The 5 treatments included the basal diet without Cu, Zn, and Mn (NCON), and NCON added with 16-80-60 mg/kg Cu-Zn-Mn from sulfates (ITM100%), or 4-20-15, 8-40-30 or 16-80-60 mg/kg Cu-Zn-Mn from 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) mineral chelates (OTM25%, OTM50% or OTM100%). Supplementation of Cu, Zn, and Mn had no significant influences on the performance of hens. After 12 weeks feeding, eggshell breaking strength (EBS) decreased in the following order: OTM25% and ITM100% > OTM50% > NCON and OTM100%. The eggshell weight and thickness in OTM25% were greater than that in NCON, while not differing from that in ITM100%. The EBS and eggshell weight linearly decreased with increasing level of OTM. After 12 weeks feeding, supplementation of Cu, Zn, and Mn increased the concentrations of liver Zn, tibia Zn and Mn, and Zn and Mn retention in eggs as compared with NCON. No significant difference was observed in the concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Mn in liver and plasma, and Zn and Mn in eggs between any OTM treatment and ITM100% groups. Addition of OTM at increasing level had quadratic effect on tibia Cu, Zn, Mn concentrations, with the greater retention of Cu, Zn, and Mn in OTM50%. In conclusion, the OTM25% from HMT BA mineral chelates can substitute for ITM100% evaluated by the eggshell quality in the diet of laying hens.
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Wang, Xue-Mei, Ji Zhang, Tao Li, Yuan-Zhong Wang, and Hong-Gao Liu. "Content and Bioaccumulation of Nine Mineral Elements in Ten Mushroom Species of the GenusBoletus." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/165412.
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Concentrations and bioconcentration potential of nine elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn) in ten species of wild edibleBoletusand the corresponding underlying soils were analyzed. The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer.Boletusshowed relative abundant contents of P, K, Fe, Mg, Ca, and Na and less of Zn, Cu, and Mn. Caps compared to stalks were enriched in P, K, Cu, Mg, and Zn, while stalks were enriched in Mn. The elements such as P and K were accumulated (BCF>1), while Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Na were excluded (BCF<1) in the fruiting bodies. The correlation analysis indicated high correlations between Cu, Mn, Ca, and Fe in the mushrooms as compared to the corresponding soils. Significant correlations were also obtained between Cu-P (r=0.775), Fe-P (r=0.728), and Zn-P (r=0.76) for caps and Cu-Mg (r=0.721), Fe-Mg (r=0.719), Zn-Mg (r=0.824), and Zn-P (r=0.818) for stalks. The results of this study imply that ability of fungi to accumulate elements from substrate could be influenced by mushroom species and underlying soil substrates.
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Sun, Jing-Ran, Bai-Xin Dong, Hong-Yu Yang, Shi-Li Shu, Feng Qiu, Qi-Chuan Jiang, and Lai-Chang Zhang. "The Role of Lithium in the Aging Precipitation Process of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys and Its Effect on the Properties." Materials 16, no. 13 (June 30, 2023): 4750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134750.
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It is well known that the development of lightweight alloys with improved comprehensive performance and application value are the future development directions for the ultra-high-strength 7xxx series Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys used in the aircraft field. As the lightest metal element in nature, lithium (Li) has outstanding advantages in reducing the density and increasing the elastic modulus in aluminum alloys, so Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing Li have gained widespread attention. Furthermore, since the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is usually strengthened by aging treatment, it is crucial to understand how Li addition affects its aging precipitation process. As such, in this article, the effects and mechanism of Li on the aging precipitation behavior and the impact of Li content on the aging precipitation phase of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are briefly reviewed, and the influence of Li on the service properties, including mechanical properties, wear resistance, and fatigue resistance, of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are explained. In addition, the corresponding development prospects and challenges of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Li alloy are also proposed. This review is helpful to further understand the role of Li in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys and provides a reference for the development of high-strength aluminum alloys containing Li with good comprehensive properties.
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Erdoğan Bayram, Seda. "Gediz Havzası Tütün Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Bazı Fiziksel-Kimyasal Özellikleri ile Besin Elementi İçerikleri Arasındaki İlişkiler." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 11 (November 23, 2019): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i11.1917-1923.2892.
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This study was conducted to examine the soil fertility of the Gediz Basin, where tobacco is widely grown. Soil samples were taken from 60 points at a depth of 0-30cm, and various physico-chemical characteristics and nutritional elements were determined. According to the results of the study, the soils were generally sandy-loamy in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, calcareous, good in terms of organic matter and in no danger from salinity. The soils of the area are generally found to be inadequate in total nitrogen (94%) and available potassium (62%), and adequate in available P (70%), available Ca (85%), and available Mg (56%). The available Fe (83%) and available Cu (92%) content of the soils was adequate, but available Zn (86%) and available Mn (85%) content was generally inadequate. In a statistical evaluation, positive correlations were found between soil pH-Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH-lime, pH-silt, pH-clay, pH-K, pH-Ca, EC-N, EC-P, EC-K, EC-Ca, EC-Cu, EC-Zn, organic matter (OM)-N, OM-P, OM-Ca, OM-Cu, OM-Zn, % sand-Fe, clay-K, clay-Ca, clay-Mg and Kil-Cu contents, and significant negative correlations between pH-sand, pH-Fe, pH-Zn and pH-Mn, and OM-sand, % sand-clay, sand-silt, sand-K, sand-Ca, sand-Cu and clay-Fe content. With regard to nutrient elements, positive correlations were found between N-P, N-Ca, N-Cu, N-Zn, P-Cu, K-Mg, Mg-Fe, Mg-Cu, Fe-Cu, Fe-Zn, Fe-Mn, Cu-Zn, Cu-Mn, Zn-Cu and Zn-Mn, and strong negative correlations between Ca-Fe. Due to the insufficiency of nitrogen, zinc and manganese elements which directly affect the quality characteristics of tobacco, it is useful to consider them in the fertilization programs in the region.
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Persaud-Sharma, Dharam, Noah Budiansky, and Anthony J. McGoron. "Biocompatibility Assessment of Novel Bioresorbable Alloys Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu for Endovascular Applications: In Vitro Studies." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 17 (June 2013): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.17.25.
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Previous studies have shown that using biodegradable magnesium alloys such as Mg-Zn and Mg-Zn-Al possess the appropriate mechanical properties and biocompatibility to serve in a multitude of biological applications ranging from endovascular to orthopaedic and fixation devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of novel as-cast magnesium alloys Mg-1Zn-1Cu wt.% and Mg-1Zn-1Se wt.% as potential implantable biomedical materials, and compare their biologically effective properties to a binary Mg-Zn alloy. The cytotoxicity of these experimental alloys was evaluated using a tetrazolium based-MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay and a lactate dehydrogenase membrane integrity assay (LDH). The MTS assay was performed on extract solutions obtained from a 30-day period of alloy immersion and agitation in simulated body fluid to evaluate the major degradation products eluted from the alloy materials. Human foreskin fibroblast cell growth on the experimental magnesium alloys was evaluated for a 72 hour period, and cell death was quantified by measuring lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. Both Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu alloys exhibit low cytotoxicity levels which are suitable for biomaterial applications. The Mg-Zn-Cu alloy was found to completely degrade within 72 hours, resulting in lower human foreskin fibroblast cell viability. The Mg-Zn-Se alloy was shown to be less cytotoxic than both the Mg-Zn-Cu and Mg-Zn alloys.
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Jaya, MIra, Maya Maharani, and Laila Febrina. "BIOAKUMULASI LOGAM BERAT PADA AVICENNIA MARINA DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM MANGROVE ANGKE KAPUK JAKARTA." Sustainable Environmental and Optimizing Industry Journal 3, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36441/seoi.v3i2.440.
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Logam berat merupakan salah satu penyebab kerusakan ekosistem perairan paling besar disebabkan oleh kegiatan industrialisasi. Logam berat yang masuk dalam perairan sungai sebelum akhirnya akan mengalir ke lautan akan bermuara ke muara sungai yang biasanya terdapat ekosistem mangrove. Mangrove Avicennia marina merupakan mangrove yang dapat digunakan sebagai indikator biologis lingkungan yang tercemar logam berat terutama Cu, Pb, dan Zn. Maka perlu dilakukan identifikasi jumlah kandungan logam berat Cu, Pb, dan Zn dalam akar mangrove Avicennia marina dan menganalisis nilai bio-concentration factor (BCF) mangrove Avicennia marina untuk mengetahui kemampuannya dalam mengakumulasi logam berat perairan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pola random sampling dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan ICP-OES. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kandungan logam berat Cu, Pb, dan Zn di Taman Wisata Alam Mangrove Angke Kapuk di perairan rata-rata adalah 0,021 mg/L, 0,003 mg/L, dan 0,3804 mg/L. Sedangkan kandungan logam berat Cu, Pb, dan Zn pada sludge rata rata adalah 0,4659 mg/Kg, 0,2180 mg/Kg, dan 2,3518 mg/Kg . Kandungan logam berat Cu, Pb, dan Zn di akar rata-rata adalah 8,7950 mg/Kg, 0,9592 mg/Kg, dan 14,7934 mg/Kg. Kemampuan mangrove Avicennia marina dalam mengakumulasi logam Cu, Pb, dan Zn masing-masing adalah 19,15; 4,16; dan 6,31. Nilai BCF melebihi satu menyatakan bahwa mangrove Avicennia marina di Taman Wisata Alam Mangrove Angke Kapuk Jakarta dapat mengakumulasikan logam berat.
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Zhao, Zhong Kui, Tie Tao Zhou, Pei Ying Liu, and Chang Qi Chen. "Ageing Processes of Li-Containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1605.
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1.1%Li was added to 7075 alloys to obtain the Li-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. The microstructure and hardness of the alloys are investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Vickers hardness. The hardness of the single-aged alloys is low. When the alloys were double-aged or multi-aged, the hardness is comparable to that of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys at peak ageing. Two peaks were present in the hardness curves of the multi-aged Li-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. With the last-step temperature increases, two-peak phenomenon becomes prominent. The density and size of precipitates are influenced remarkedly by the ageing processes. Coarse grain boundary precipitates and PFZ (precipitate free zone)can be observed when the Li-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were multi-aged, and the higher the last-step ageing temperature, the wider the PFZ is.
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Zakharchenko, Kirill, Vladimir Kapustin, Alexey Larichkin, and Yaroslav Lukyanov. "Influence of Technology of Hot Forming of Plates from Aluminum Alloys Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu on Resistance to Fatigue Fracture." Metal Working and Material Science 22, no. 4 (December 8, 2020): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.4-94-109.
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Introduction. One of the primary objectives in the development of promising aircraft products is to reduce the weight of the aircraft structure. This problem can be solved by applying new low density materials such as aluminum alloys alloyed with lithium (for example, Al-Cu-Li-Zn) in the design of parts. The use of these materials in aircraft construction is limited by the processing technology, which must be such as not to damage the material and not reduce its strength properties. Such technologies include processing by pressure with heating, when creep processes are activated and the material passes into a state close to superplasticity. The purpose of the work: assessment of the effect of pressure shaping of aluminum alloys Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu in creep mode on strength. The paper investigates the influence of the technology of pressure shaping of aluminum alloys Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu on the resistance to fatigue failure. The work uses a method that allows to determine the ultimate stresses using diagrams of the accumulation of irreversible deformations; method of forming thick plates (40 mm) in the creep mode. The previously selected optimum temperatures for forming the plates are used. A non-contact coordinate measuring system is used to perform surface inspection after shaping. Fractography of the fracture of samples of alloy Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu after fatigue failure is performed. Mathematical modeling of the deformation process of plates in creep mode is carried out in the MSC.Marc package. As a result, a conservative evaluation of the endurance limit for aluminum alloys Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu is obtained. The shaping of thick plates in the creep mode is carried out. More than 80% of the board surface is formed with a deviation of less than 1 mm from the target size. Fatigue tests of samples made of molded panels of alloys Al-Cu-Li-Zn and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu are carried out, fatigue curves are plotted. The fractography of the surface of the fatigue fracture showed the presence of oxides in the samples of alloy Al-Cu-Li-Zn, in contrast to alloy Al-Zn-Mg-Cu. The results of fatigue tests are discussed, showing that the characteristics of the technological process of shaping and heat treatment do not deteriorate the fatigue properties of the investigated alloys. Comparative tests show that alloy Al-Cu-Li-Zn has higher fatigue characteristics. Mathematical modeling show that the use of the Boyle-Norton steady-state creep law is not enough to describe the process of plate forming. The necessity of setting the inverse problem of creep age forming is noted, where the coordinates of the punches of the loading device should act as boundary conditions.
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Qu, Taoguang, Qiang Wei, Carlos Ordonez, Jennifer Lindline, Michael Petronis, Marina Fonari, and Tatiana Timofeeva. "Tuning of Luminescent and Magnetic Properties via Metal Doping of Zn-BTC Systems." Crystals 8, no. 4 (April 8, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8040162.
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In order to assess how metal doping affects the luminescence and magnetic properties of anionic Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), seven single-metal doped MOFs {M-Zn-BTC}{Me2NH2+} (M = Co, Cu, Ni, Mn, Ca, Mg, Cd) and three dual-metal doped MOFs {Zn-M1-M2-BTC}{Me2NH2+} (M1 = Co, Cu; M2 = Ni, Co) were synthesized. Trace amounts of different metals were doped via addition of another metal salt during the synthetic process. All compounds retained the same crystal structure as that of the parent {Zn-BTC}{Me2NH2+} MOF, which was supported by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) of these compounds also revealed that all MOFs had similar stability up to ~450 °C. Solid state photoluminescent studies indicated that {Zn-Mn-BTC}{Me2NH2+}, {Zn-Cd-BTC}{Me2NH2+}, and {Zn-Ca-BTC}{Me2NH2+} had a significant red shifting effect compared to the original {Zn-BTC}{Me2NH2+} MOF. Applications of this doping method to other MOF systems can provide an efficient way to tune the luminescence of such systems, and to obtain a desired wavelength for several applications such as sensors and white light LED materials. Because Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Mg have magnetic properties, the effect of the doping metal atom on the magnetism of the {Zn-BTC}{Me2NH2+} networks was also studied. To characterize the magnetic behavior of the synthesized MOFs, we conducted low-temperature (10 K) saturation remanence experiments in a 3 Tesla applied field, with the principal goal of identifying the domain state of the synthesized materials (Zn, Zn-Co, Zn-Cu-Co, Zn-Cu-Ni, Zn-Mg, Zn-Mn, Zn-Ni-Co, Zn-Ni). During room/low temperature saturation magnetization experiments, Zn, Zn-Co, Zn-Cu-Co, and Zn-Cu-Ni systems yielded data indicative of superparamagnetic behavior, yet during zero field and field cooled experiments Zn-Co showed a slight paramagnetic effect, Zn showed no temperature dependence on warming and Zn-Cu-Co and Zn-Cu-Ni demonstrated only a slight temperature dependence on warming. These behaviors are consistent with ferromagnetic ordering. Zero field and field cooled experiments indicate that Zn-Mg and Zn-Ni have a ferromagnetic ordering and Zn-Mn and Zn-Ni-Co show paramagnetic ordering behavior.
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Ikoma, Masato, Taiki Morishige, Tetsuo Kikuchi, Ryuichi Yoshida, and Toshihide Takenaka. "Corrosion Resistance of Mg Alloy with High Zn Concentration Including Impurity Cu." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.592.
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Mg alloys are very attractive materials for transportation industry due to their toughness and lightness. Recycling Mg alloys is desired for energy saving that otherwise would be required to produce its primary metal. However, secondary produced Mg tends to contain a few impurity elements that deteriorate its corrosion resistance. For example, contamination of Mg alloy by Cu induces second phase of Mg2Cu and it works as strong cathode, resulting in the corrosion rate rapidly increasing. It was previously reported that the corrosion resistance of Mg with impurity Cu was remarkably improved by addition of alloying element Zn. Addition of Zn into Mg formed MgZn2 phase and incorporated Cu into MgZn2 phase instead of Mg2Cu formation. In this way, since Zn serves to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg, Mg alloy with high Zn concentration may form a lot of MgZn2 and may have better corrosion resistance even with high Cu concentration. In this work, the corrosion behavior of Mg-6mass%-1mass%Al (ZA61) with different Cu content up to 1mass% was investigated. As a result, ZA61-1.0Cu had much lower corrosion rate compared to Mg-0.2%Cu and the corrosion rate was almost the same as that of pure Mg.
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Inagaki, Mutsuki, Izumi Muto, Masashi Nishimoto, Tadashi Minoda, Mai Takaya, Yoshihiko Kyo, and Yu Sugawara. "The Effect of Cu and Zn Addition on the Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Al-Mg-Si Alloy." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 65 (December 22, 2023): 3118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02653118mtgabs.
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Aluminum alloys are widely used for automobile and aircraft industries because of their good strength-to-weight ratio. In general, Cu improves the strength of Al alloys but reduces localized corrosion resistance. For Al-Mg-Si alloys, it has been reported that Cu decreases intergranular corrosion resistance. In this study, the effect of Cu and Zn on intergranular corrosion resistance was analyzed by electrochemical measurements. As specimens, Cu-free alloy, Cu-added alloy, and Cu- and Zn-added alloy were prepared based on AA6061 composition. The extruded specimens were subjected to T6 heat treatment. Intermetallic compounds were characterized by SEM-EDS and TEM. Open-circuit potentials (OCPs) was measured in 0.1 M NaCl (pH 6.0). To assess the distribution density of the initiation sites of localized corrosion, the size of electrode area was 100 mm2, 9 mm2, or 1 mm2. In the electrochemical measurements, Ag/AgCl (3.33 M KCl) was used as the reference electrode. At the beginning of immersion, OCP was −1.2 V (vs. SHE) for all specimens, and OCP increased with time. After 4000 s, the OCP of Cu-free alloy became −0.5 V, the OCPs of Cu-added alloy and Cu- and Zn-added alloy became −0.4 V. After 3 h immersion, intergranular corrosion was generated on Cu-added alloy and Cu- and Zn-added alloy. In contrast, no intergranular corrosion was observed on Cu-free alloy. Based on intergranular corrosion length, it was shown that intergranular corrosion resistance of Cu- and Zn-added alloy is low compared with the others. This result suggested that Zn promotes the growth of intergranular corrosion. Moreover, the number of intergranular corrosion damages was assessed and found to be less on Cu- and Zn-added alloy than on Cu-added alloy. This result suggested that Zn decrease the number of initiation sites of intergranular corrosion. Additionally, 3-h immersion of Cu-added alloy and Cu- and Zn-added alloy was conducted with the electrode area of 9 mm2 and 1 mm2. For both alloys, intergranular corrosion occurred at 10 sites in 100 mm2 and 1 site in 9 mm2. And no intergranular corrosion occurred in the case of 1 mm2 electrode area. The distribution density of the initiation sites for intergranular corrosion on Cu-added alloy and Cu- and Zn-added alloy was estimated to be approximately 1 site per 9 mm2.
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Ketata, Mohamed Ali, Frederic Guay, and Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy. "250 Effect of Dietary Zinc and Copper Supplements on Digestibility of Minerals in Growing Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.212.
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Abstract Dietary zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) supplementation can affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients in pigs, especially of minerals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of Zn and Cu on their ileal (AID) and total tract (ATTD) digestibility and that of manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Six crossbred pigs were surgically equipped with a single-T cannula in their distal ileum. In cross over design, pigs received one of a four corn-soybean meal diets supplemented by two levels of Zn (100 and 500 mg/kg as Zn oxide) and two levels of Cu (40 and 80 mg / kg as Cu sulfate) for each period (7d with 2d for ileal digesta and feces collection). In this study, high level of Zn increased Zn and Mn AID (P< 0.01) but decreased Ca AID (P< 0.05). The high level of Cu improved Cu AID but only when high level of Zn was used (Zn x Cu, P< 0.051). The ATTD of Zn, Cu, Mn, and P were greater in pigs receiving 500 mg/kg of Zn (P< 0.01). The high level of Cu also increased its ATTD (P< 0.01) but reduced that of Ca when low level of Zn was added (Zn x Cu, P< 0.01). The post-ileal digestibility showed a significant absorption of Cu, Mn and Ca (digestibility different from 0). The post-ileal digestibility of Cu, Mn and Ca was greater when high level of Zn was added (P< 0.05). This study confirmed that the AID and ATTD of Cu and Zn could be affected by the dietary level of Zn and Cu in growing pigs. This study also showed that high levels of Cu and Zn reduced ATTD and AID of Ca but increased P ATTD. This last result is contradictory and must be confirmed by the analysis of phytic P.
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Abe, Kaoru, Miyoko Waki, Kazuyoshi Suzuki, Masahiro Kasuya, Ryouji Suzuki, Sunao Itahashi, and Kenji Banzai. "Estimation of Zn and Cu unit output loads from animal husbandry facilities." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.224.
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Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are toxic to aquatic organisms at very low concentrations that do not affect humans. We measured the daily output of Zn and Cu in wastewater from livestock farms to aquatic environments because waste from animal husbandry operations contains high levels of Zn and Cu. At most pig farms in Japan, a mixture of urine, some faeces, and service water is treated in onsite wastewater treatment facilities and discharged into a water body. Some dairy farms also have wastewater treatment facilities. We surveyed 21 pig farms and six dairy farms. The unit (i.e., per head) output load from piggery wastewater treatment facilities ranged from 0.13 to 17.8 mg/head/d for Zn and from 0.15 to 9.4 mg/head/d for Cu. Over 70% of pig farms had unit output loads of Zn and Cu below 6 and 2 mg/head/d, respectively. For dairy farms, the unit output load from wastewater treatment facilities was estimated at 1.8–3.6 mg/head/d for Zn and 0.6 mg/head/d for Cu. The unit output load for Zn from piggery wastewater treatment facilities was similar to that from treatment facilities for human waste. However, pig farms generally raise several thousand to tens of thousands of pigs; pig farms are therefore presumed to be a significant point source of Zn in rural areas.
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Prigunova, A., and A. Neduzhyi. "Structural aluminum alloys of the Al−Cu−Mg and Al−Zn−Mg−Сu systems in aircraft construction. Review." Casting processes 151, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/plit2023.01.054.
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A review of scientific and technical information on structural deformable aluminum alloys, Al-Cu-Mg (series 2xxx) and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (series 7xxx) systems was conducted. Their chemical and phase composition, alloying methods, mechanical and operational properties, influence of technological factors were analyzed. Examples of the use of these alloys in aircraft construction are given. It is shown that among the alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg system (D1, B65, D16, D16ч, 1163, D19, etc.), the strongest is D16 and its improved modifications D16ч and 1163, the mechanical properties of which in the heat-hardened state are equal to low-carbon steels. Alloys D16, D16оч, 1163 have high strength characteristics at 20 0С and elevated temperatures, especially in the form of sheets and pressed parts. Therefore, it is a common material for the manufacture of aircraft skins in the engine area, which is subject to heating. However, an increase in strength leads to a decrease in plasticity. Alloys based on the Al-Zn-Cu-Mg system (В95, В95пч, В95оч, В96, В96Ц, В96Ц1, В96Ц3, В94, В93, В92, etc.) are the most high-strength among deformable aluminum alloys, so they are widely used in responsible power elements of aircraft and rocket engineering in the form of pressed and forged products. The strongest of them is B96Ц, especially its modification B96Ц1, in which, unlike the B95 alloy, manganese and chromium are partially or completely replaced by zirconium. The B95 alloy has high compressive strength and is used to cover the upper surface of aircraft wings, which is in a compressed state during flight. The inner surface of the wing is made of D16, D16ч, 1163 alloys that withstand tensile loads in flight. In terms of strength, the B95 alloy exceeds the similar characteristics of the D16 alloy by 20-25%, and in terms of yield strength by 40%. Replacing the D16 alloy with B95 makes it possible to reduce the weight of the aircraft to 5 tons. Almost all the large-sized stamped parts for the world’s largest turboprop An-22 “Antey” transport aircraft are made from the B93 forging alloy, which is alloyed with iron and heat-treated according to the T1 regime.The main disadvantage of high-strength alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu systems is their tendency to degrade, which is caused by the action of various types of loads and corrosive environments during aircraft and flight basing and is accompanied by the development of fatigue or corrosion-fatigue cracks. Alternative points of view regarding the causes of these phenomena and ways of improving the properties of products made of these alloys by alloying, thermal and deformation treatments are considered. Keywords: deformable structural aluminum alloys; aircraft construction, chemical and phase composition, alloying, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, heat treatment.
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Arifin, Z., and T. A. Koesmawati. "SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE METALS (Pb, Cr, Cu AND Zn) IN SEDIMENTS OF THE BERAU DELTA, EAST KALIMANTAN AND THEIR ACCUMULATION IN BENTHIC BIOTA." Marine Research in Indonesia 32, no. 2 (May 12, 2018): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v32i2.441.
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Berau delta is a coastal ecosystem where man-made activities are relatively low. The present study has investigated spatial distribution of Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn in sediments and their implication to benthic biota. The result of our study showed that metal concentrations varied from undetected to 55.53 mg kg-1 for Pb and from 3.28 to 22.9 mg kg-1 for Cu, while for Cr and Zn vary from 9.65 to 64.67 mg kg-1 and 10.00 to 1,200 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn in Anadara sp were 7.53 ± 2.06, 4.92 ± 0.55, 1.44 ± 0.12 and 97.87 ± 9.12 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw), respectively. On the other hand, the Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn in Telescopium mauritsi were 4.49 ± 0.03, 0.87 ± 0.05, 259.0 ± 0.01 and 64.78 ± 0.01 mg kg-1 dw, respectively. In conclusion, spatial distribution of trace metals (Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn) in sediments showed that higher concentrations were found in the southern part of the delta, and the accumulation of the metals by mollusk might reflect natural concentrations in biota.
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Mu, Tingting, Jian Xu, Xiaohan Wang, Lin Chen, Yang Xu, and Xinhong Gan. "Factors Affecting Dietary Intake of Copper and Zinc via Rice Consumption by Residents of Major Rice-Producing Regions in China." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (September 29, 2023): 14362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914362.
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Background: Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are essential nutrients that must be maintained at adequate levels in the human body in order to make physiological functions normal and sustainable. Rice is a leading staple cereal crop which can be the main source of Cu and Zn in the diet. Results: Here, we aimed to investigate Cu and Zn concentrations in rice with corresponding soil influencing factors and to assess the dietary intake of Cu and Zn from rice consumption by residents of major rice producing regions. A total of 712 rice grain and 90 paired soil–rice samples were collected from September to November 2015 covering eleven provinces across China. Average Cu and Zn concentrations were 27.2 and 69.1 mg kg−1, respectively, in soils, and 1.98 and 12.3 mg kg−1 in rice. The concentrations and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of Cu and Zn followed the sequence: roots > shoots > grains. Soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil organic carbon (SOC) play important roles in rice Cu and Zn uptake with negative effects. The average Cu and Zn intakes from rice consumption were 0.597 and 3.68 mg day−1, respectively. Conclusions: The status of Cu and Zn daily intake from rice consumption were fully adequate but there remained some sampling sites where Zn intake for males and Cu intakes were deficient at 1.40%, indicating that local residents need to maintain their dietary nutrient requirements.
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Li, Hai-chao, Ming Li, Dong-ye Yang, Fu-yang Cao, Yan-dong Jia, Zhi-shui Yu, Jian Zhao, et al. "Aging behavior and precipitate characterization of Zn-rich Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys with various Mg and Cu contents." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 28, no. 8 (February 11, 2021): 1064–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42243-020-00540-8.
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Genther-Schroeder, Olivia N., Remy N. Carmichael, Elizabeth M. Messersmith, Katherine Hochmuth, Elisabeth Lonergan, and Stephanie L. Hansen. "389 Interactions between zinc, copper, and growth promoting technologies in beef cattle." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.309.
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Abstract Trace minerals (TM) are required for many biochemical processes and support optimal animal growth. However, as animal genetics and feed technologies in the beef industry have advanced, our understanding of the TM requirements of modern cattle has lagged. Recently, Zn and Cu have emerged as potential targets for better understanding the interaction between nutrition and growth-promoting technologies like anabolic implants and β-agonists (BA). Both Zn and Cu are phosphodiesterase inhibitors, potentially maintaining cAMP concentrations, potentiating the BA signal. Zinc supplementation well above national recommendations can improve ADG or HCW in finishing cattle during the BA feeding period, and N retention is increased by both Zn and BA supplementation, suggesting a major role for Zn is in protein accretion. Interestingly, Cu status of feedlot steers appears to affect ADG during the BA period, where steers with moderate liver Cu and 10 mg Cu/kg diet DM gaining more than steers with high or low Cu status. Anabolic implants likely improve growth through altering protein deposition, degradation and satellite cell proliferation, processes that can be linked to Cu and Zn metalloproteins. Implanting cattle decreases both plasma and liver Zn, and heifers receiving a long-lasting implant had greater HCW when supplemented with 100 mg Zn/kg DM when compared with 30 mg Zn/kg DM. It is apparent Cu status and supplementation also affect the response to hormone implants. Steers supplemented with 20 mg Cu/kg DM had greater liver Cu concentrations and a lesser response to an implant than steers supplemented with 10 mg Cu/kg DM. Current state of knowledge suggests TM status and diet concentrations can impact the response to growth promoting technologies. Much remains to be learned about cattle requirements for dietary TM, and the appropriate TM concentrations to optimize feedlot cattle performance.
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Hininger-Favier, Isabelle, Maud Andriollo-Sanchez, Josiane Arnaud, Nathalie Meunier, Séverine Bord, Ciaren Graham, Angela Polito, et al. "Age- and sex-dependent effects of long-term zinc supplementation on essential trace element status and lipid metabolism in European subjects: the Zenith Study." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 3 (March 2007): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507432974.
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Given the key role of Zn in many physiological functions, optimal Zn status could be a predictive parameter of successful ageing. However, the benefit of Zn supplementation is still a matter of debate since Zn supplementation has been reported to be associated with the alteration of Cu status and lipid metabolism. As part of the Zenith Project, the present study aimed to investigate, in free-living healthy European middle-aged and older subjects, the effect of Zn supplementation on the biochemical status of Zn, Fe and Cu and on lipid profile. Volunteers aged 55–70 (n188) and 70–85 (n199) years old participated in a double-blinded, randomised study and received a daily placebo, or Zn as 15 or 30 mg for 6 months. Zn supplementation did not significantly modify erythrocyte Zn levels or erythrocyte Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activity. But Zn supplementation at 15 or 30 mg/d for 6 months increased significantly serum Zn levels and Zn urinary excretion with no major adverse effects on Fe and Cu status or on lipid metabolism. However, Zn supplementation at 30 mg/d showed some age- and sex-dependent alterations in Fe status or lipid profile. Therefore, with respect to the key role of an optimal Zn status in successful ageing, Zn supplementation at 15 mg/d, when necessary, could be safely proposed regarding lipids and the risk of interaction with Fe and Cu.